Tarkasaṃgraha with autoentary (with commentary) · Part 2140

tantusaṃyoganāśe tu na paṭastiṣṭhati, api tu naśyati/ ato
nimittakāraṇasya vaidharmyāt samavāyikāraṇavaidharmyācca tantusaṃyogaḥ
asamavāyikāraṇatvena svīkṛta iti/
kiṃ
cāsamavāyikāraṇānabhyupagame dravyanāśaṃ prati kiṃ kāraṇamiti
vaktavyam/ na tāvannimittakāraṇanāśaḥ, kulālādisadbhāve 'pi
ghaṭanāśadarśanāt kulālādināśe 'pi ghaṭasadbhāvadarśanācca/ nāpi
samavāyikāraṇanāśaḥ kāraṇam/ dvyaṇukanāśānupapatteḥ/ dvyaṇukasya
hi paramāṇuḥ samavāyikāraṇam/ na hi tasya nāśaḥ saṃbhavati,
nityatvāt/ ato dvyaṇukasya samavāyikāraṇanāśānnāśo na
saṃbhavatīti asamavāyikāraṇabhūtasya paramāṇudvayasaṃyogasya nāśādeva
nāśo vaktavyaḥ/ tathā ca dvyaṇukanāśasya asamavāyikāraṇanāśo
hetuḥ, itarakāryadravyanāśasya samavāyikāraṇanāśo heturiti
kalpanāmapekṣyānugatatayā kāryadravyasāmānyanāśaṃ prati
asamavāyikāraṇasvīkāra āvaśyakaḥ/
tarhi samavāyikāraṇaṃ
asamavāyikāraṇaṃ ceti dvedhā vibhāgo 'stu, nimittakāraṇaṃ māstu
iti ceta - na/ yadi samavāyikāraṇabhinnaṃ sarvaṃ
kāraṇamasamavāyikāraṇamiti varge 'ntarbhāvyate, tarhi
asamavāyikāraṇanāśasya pūrvoktarītyā dravyanāśahetutvāt
kulālādināśe 'pi ghaṭanāśāpattiḥ syāt/ ato
nimittakāraṇamatiriktatayā svīkaraṇīyamiti/ tathā ca yuktiyuktatvāt
kāraṇatrayamapi svīkaraṇīyamiti tredhā kāraṇavibhāgaḥ
prācīnagranthārūḍhaśceti siddham/
( 7 ) nirvikalpakasavikalpakavicāraḥ
pratyakṣaṃ dvividhaṃ
nirvikalpakaṃ savikalpakam ca/
niṣprakārakaṃ jñānaṃ
nirvikalpakam, saprakārakaṃ jñānaṃ savikalpakam iti tarkasaṃgrahe
uktam/ viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyasaṃbandhānavagāhi jñānaṃ nirvikalpakam,
nāmajātyādiviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyasaṃbandhāvagāhi jñānaṃ savikalpakam
iti dīpikāyām/ viśeṣyatāśūnyatvaṃ prakāratāśūnyatvaṃ
saṃsargatāśūnyatve ca nirvikalpakatvam, viśeṣyatānirūpakatvaṃ
prakāratānirūpakatvaṃ saṃsargatānirūpakatvam ca savikalpakatvamiti
prakāśikāyām/ etattattvamidārnīṃ prāktanagranthāloḍanapūrvakaṃ
vicāryate/
nyāyasetre na kvāpi
nirvikalpakasavikalpakaśabdābhyāṃ pratyakṣavibhāgaḥ kṛtaḥ/
'indriyārthasaṃnikarṣotpannam' iti
pratyakṣalakṣaṇapratipādakasūtrasthābhyāṃ 'avyapadeśyam'

'vyavasāyātmakam' iti padābhyāṃ nirvikalpakasavikalpake vivakṣite
iti tātparyaṭīkākārāḥ nirūpayanti/ paraṃ tu bhāṣye vārtike vā
naivaṃvidhaṃ nirūpaṇamupalabhāmahe/
nyāyamañjaryāṃ
nyāyasāre ca nirvikalpakaṃ savikalpakaṃ ceti pratyakṣadvayaṃ yadyapi
sayuktikaṃ prasādhitam, tathāpi sūtrāt tādṛśavibhāgasya
lābhaprakārastatra na pradarśitaḥ/ nyāyabhūṣaṇe tu avyapadeśyapadena
nirvikalpakasya vyavasāyātmakapadena savikalpakasya grahaṇamiti
sayuktikaṃ pratyapādi/
praśastapādabhāṣye1 ---
'dravye tāvadvividhe
mahatyanekadravyavattvodbhūtarūpaprakāśa --
catuṣṭayasaṃnikarṣāt
dharmādisāmagrye ca svarūpālocanamātram'
iti granthena
nirvikalpakapratyakṣaṃ pradarśitam/ svarūpālocanamātramityasya
svarūpamātrasya grahaṇamityarthaḥ/ mātrapadena
jātyādisaṃbandhaviṣayakatvavyavacchedaḥ/ tataḥ ---
'sāmānyaviśeṣadravyaguṇakarmaviśeṣaṇāpekṣāt ātmamanaḥ -
saṃnikarṣāt
pratyakṣamutpadyate sat dravyaṃ pṛthivī viṣāṇī
śuklo gaurgacchati'
iti granthena
savikalpakapratyakṣaṃ sodāharaṇamupadarśitam/ paraṃ tu
nirvikalpakasavikalpakaśabdau na prayuktau/ kumārilabhaṭṭa api1 ---
'asti hyālocanājñānaṃ
prathamaṃ nirvikalpakam/
bālamūkādivijñānasadṛśaṃ śuddhavastujam//'
iti ślokena
nirvikalpakaṃ,
'tataḥ paraṃ ca tadvastu
dharmairjātyādibhiryathā/
buddhyāvasīyate
sāpi pratyakṣatvena saṃmatā//'
iti ślokena
savikalpakaṃ ca lakṣayāṃbabhūvuḥ/ prakaraṇapañcikāyāṃ ca ---
'savikalpāvikalpā ca
dvividhā buddhiriṣyate/
ādyā viśiṣṭaviṣayā
svarūpaviṣayetarā//'

iti pratyakṣasya
nirvikalpakasavikalpakabhedena dvaividhyaṃ prādarśayan/
tattvacintāmaṇau2 ---
'nāmajātyādiyojanārahitaṃ vaiśiṣṭyānavagāhi niṣprakārakaṃ
nirvikalpakam' iti nirvikalpakalakṣaṇaṃ prādarśi/
vaiśiṣṭyānavagāhītyasyaiva vivaraṇaṃ niṣprakārakamiti/ nirvikalpake
prakāratākhyaviṣayatāśūnyatvamiva viśeṣyatākhyaviṣayatāśūnyatvamapi
vartate/ tathā ca nirviśeṣyakaṃ jñānaṃ nirvikalpakamityapi śakyate
vaktum/ tathā anuktvā niṣprakārakamiti vadatāṃ
maṇikārāṇāmayamāśayaḥ--- yathā savikalpakasya viśiṣṭajñānatvāt tataḥ
pūrvaṃ viśeṣaṇajñānaṃ kalpyate, tathā nirvikalpakahetutayā jñānāntaraṃ
nāpekṣitamiti/
etādṛśanirvikalpakasadbhāve pramāṇaṃ tu - etajjanmani prāthamikaṃ
gauriti pratyakṣaṃ janyaviśeṣaṇajñānajanyaṃ janyaviśiṣṭajñānatvāt
anumitivat ityanumānam/ yathā 'parvato vahnimān'
ityanumitiḥ vahniviśiṣṭaparvataviṣiyaṇī
vahnarūpaviśeṣaṇajñānātmakasādhyaprasiddhijanyā tathā prāthamikaṃ
gauriti viśiṣṭapratyakṣamapi gotvātmakaviśeṣaṇajñānādevodetīti
vaktavyam/ tadeva vaiśiṣṭyāviṣayakaṃ nirvikalpakam/
na ca tatra
prāthamikaviśiṣṭapratyakṣaṃ prati gotvarūpaviśeṣaṇasmaraṇameva hetuḥ,
tathā ca na nirvikalpakapratyakṣaṃ sidhyatīti vācyam/ etajjanmani pūrvaṃ
gotvasyānanubhavena tatsmaraṇāsaṃbhavāt/
na ca
gotvarūpaviśeṣaṇānubhavaḥ savikalpaka eva san 'ayaṃ gauḥ' iti
viśiṣṭapratyakṣaṃ janayatu/ tathā ca gataṃ nirvikalpakeneti vācyam/
tathātve tasyāpi viśiṣṭajñānatvena viśeṣaṇajñānajanyatvaṃ tasyāpi
tathetyanavasthāprasaṅgāt/ tathā ca gotvaviṣayakaṃ
nirvikalpakamarthātsidhyati/
atredamāśaṅkyate -
yaduktaṃ viśiṣṭabuddherviśeṣaṇajñānapūrvakatvānnirvikalpakaṃ sidhyatīti/
tanna/ gauriti viśiṣṭajñānaṃ viśeṣaṇajñānajanyaṃ viśiṣṭajñānatvāt
ityanumāne bhinnasāmagrīvedyaviṣayakatvasyopādhitvāt/ yatra
viśeṣaṇaṃ viśeṣyaṃ ca bhinnasāmagrīvedyaṃ tatraiva viśiṣṭajñānaṃ
viśeṣaṇajñānapūrvakaṃ dṛṣṭam, yathā sūrabhi candanamiti
viśiṣṭapratyakṣam/ tatra hi viśeṣaṇaṃ saurabhaṃ ghrāṇendriyavedyaṃ viśeṣyaṃ
candanaṃ cakṣurvedyamiti bhinnasāmāgrīvedyaviṣayakatvāt viśiṣṭapratyakṣasya
ādau saurabharūpaviśeṣaṇajñānaṃ, tena surabhi candanamiti
viśiṣṭapratyakṣaṃ bhavati/ ekendriyavedyayorgotvayorekakāla
viśiṣṭajñānasaṃbhavāt gotvajñānaṃ tato gotvaviśiṣṭagojñānamiti

kalpanaṃ na yujyate/
nanu
viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyayoḥ gotvagovyaktyoḥ ekendriyayogyatvena
ekajñānaviṣayatve 'pi tayoḥ saṃbandhasyātathātvāt
prathamajñāne tayoḥ
saṃbandho na bhāsate/ tadeva nirvikalpakam/
viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyasaṃbandhānavagāhijñānasyaivāsmābhirnivikalpakaśabdavācyatvāṅgīkārāditi
cet-na/ saṃbandhapadena kiṃ svarūpaṃ vivakṣitam? ata samavāyaḥ? ādye
viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyasvarūpagrahaṇe saṃbandho 'pi gṛhīta eveti kva
nirvikalpakam/ dvitīye cakṣuṣā saṃyuktaviśeṣaṇatākhyasaṃnikarṣeṇa
samavāyo gṛhyata iti bhavatsiddhāntāt
gogotvasamavāyānāmekendriyayogyatvāt ekakāla eva trayāṇāṃ
grahaṇaṃ bhaviturmahati/ anyathā yogyasyāpi samavāyasya prathamamagrahaṇe
paścādapi grahaṇaṃ na syāt/ tathā ca saṃsargānavagāhi nirvikalpakajñānaṃ
na yuktisahamiti/
atretthaṃ samādhīyate ---
nirvikalpakajñāne jātyādirūpaṃ viśeṣaṇaṃ vyaktirūpaṃ viśeṣyaṃ ca
bhāsate/ saṃbandhastu na bhāsate/ saṃbandhajñānaṃ prati saṃbandhijñānasya
kāraṇatayā pūrvaṃ tadabhāvāt/ tathā ca pūrvaṃ
viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyarūpasaṃbandhinorjñānaṃ nirvikalpātmakaṃ jāyate,
tatastayoḥ saṃbandhāvagāhi savikalpakaṃ jñānaṃ jāyate/
taduktamudayanācāryaiḥ --- 'sahakārivaikalyāttu nirvikalpake
samavāyāgrahaṇam' iti/ sahakārivaikalyādityasya
saṃbandhijñānavirahādityarthaḥ/ tathā ca saṃbandho 'pi kuto nirvikalpake
na bhāsata iti codyasya nāvasaraḥ/
yadapi
bhinnasāmagrīvedyaviṣayakatvamupādhiriti - tatradaṃ vaktavyam/
anumitiśābdādau sādhyaprasiddhyādeḥ kāraṇatayā yadviśeṣayoriti
nyāyena viśiṣṭajñānatvāvacchinnaṃ prati viśeṣaṇajñānatvāvacchinnaṃ
kāraṇamiti sāmānyakāryaṅkāraṇabhāvasya siddhau ekasāmagrīvedyeṣvapi
viśeṣaṇajñānakalpanena tajjanyaiva viśiṣṭabuddhiḥ/ tathā ca
bhinnasāmagrīvedyaviṣayakatvasya sādhyavyāpakatvabhaṅgāt upādhitvaṃ na
saṃbhavatīti/
sarvamidaṃ
manasikṛtyaiva dīpikāyāmuktam ---
'nanu nirvikalpake kiṃ
pramāṇamiti cet-na/ gauḥ iti
viśiṣṭajñānaṃ
viśeṣaṇajñānajanyaṃ viśiṣṭajñānatvāt daṇḍīti
jñānavat

ityanumānasya pramāṇatvāt/ viśeṣaṇajñānasyāpi
savikalpakatve
anavasthāprasaṅgāt nirvikalpakasiddhiḥ'
iti/
[ 8 ] saṃnikarṣavicāraḥ
tarkasaṃgrahe
dīpikāyāṃ ca pratyakṣahetuḥ saṃnikarṣaḥ saṃyogādibhedena ṣaḍvidha
iti sodāharaṇaṃ pradarśitam/ prakāśikāyāṃ pratyakṣaṃ dvividhaṃ
laukikam alaukikaṃ ceti/ laukikapratyakṣahetuḥ saṃnikarṣaḥ
saṃyogādibhedena ṣaṅvidhaḥ/ alaukikapratyakṣahetuḥ saṃnikarṣaḥ
sāmānyalakṣaṇaḥ jñānalakṣaṇaḥ yogajadharma iti trividha iti
pratyapādi/
ṣoḍhā saṃnikarṣastu
nyāyavārtike prastutaḥ, sūtre bhāṣye vā na dṛśyate kvāpi/ etaṃ
viṣayamadhikṛtya nyāyabhūṣaṇakārāḥ1 itthaṃ kiñcidvicārayanti ---
ācāryādhyayanapādanāmā nyāyasūtrabhāṣyakāraḥ nikarṣaśabdenaiva saṃbandha
ityarthe labdhe 'sam' ityupasargabalāt saṃbhavī saṃbandhaḥ
saṃnikarṣaśabdenocyate/ saṃbhavī ca saṃbandhaḥ ṣaḍvidha eveti
pratyapādayat/ tanna/ tathā sati 'ni' ityupasargasya vyarthatvāt/
karṣaśabdenaiva dhātūnāmanekārthatvāt saṃbandha ityarthe labdhe 'saṃ'
śabdamahimnā ṣaḍvidhatvalābhe niśabdo vyartha iti/ karṣaśabdasya
saṃbandhārthakatvena lokaprasiddhirnāstīti cet nikaṣaśabdasya
saṃbandhavācakatvena kutra prasiddhiriti bhavatā vaktavyam/
nikṛṣṭatvavācakatayā hi nikarṣaśabdo loke prasiddho na
sambandhavācakatayā/ tasmāt 'sam' 'ni' ityupasargadvayayukta eva
kṛṣadhātuḥ saṃbandhamabhidhatte yathā 'sam' 'ava' ityupasargadvayapūrvakaḥ
iṇdhātuḥ samavāyam/ tasmāt kṛṣadhātoḥ sambandhārthakatvadyotakatayā
sārthakaḥ 'sam' śabdaḥ ṣaṅvidhatvapratipādanāya nālamiti 'sam'
śabdamahimnā ṣaḍvidhatvalābha iti vyākhyānaṃ na samīcīnam/
tasmādyathā ālokādayaḥ sūtrānuktā api anvayavyatirekabalāt
pratyakṣahetutayā anumanyante tathā ṣaḍvidhānāṃ saṃnikarṣāṇāmapi
pratyakṣaṃ pratyanvayavyatirekabalāddhetutvaṃ sidhyati/ nyāyasiddho 'yamartho
yataḥ sūtrakārairna nirākṛtaḥ
atastatsaṃmata
ityunnīyate/ 'paramatamapratiṣiddhamanumatamiti hi tantrayuktiḥ' iti
nyāyāt iti/
vaiśeṣikadarśane tu
saṃnikarṣaprabhedaviṣaye nyāyasūtrāpekṣayā kiñcit spaṣṭatayā
sūcanamasti/ tathā hi ---
'ātmamanasoḥ

saṃyogādātmapratyakṣam' (vai.sū.9-1-11) iti sūtreṇa
ātmaviṣayakapratyakṣaṃ prati manassaṃyogaḥ kāraṇamityuktam/ tena
dravyaviṣayakapratyakṣaṃ prati indriyasaṃyogaḥ kāraṇamiti sūcitam/
tataḥ-- 'ātmasamavāyādātmaguṇeṣu' (vai.sū.9-1-15) iti sūtreṇa
ātmasamavetajñānādiguṇaviṣayakapratyakṣe manassaṃyuktasamavāyaḥ
kāraṇamiti spaṣṭīkṛtam/ tathā --
'anekadravyasamavāyādrūpaviśeṣācca rūpopalabdhiḥ' (vai.sū.4.1.7)
'saṃkhyāḥ parimāṇaṃ karma ca rūpidravyasamavāyāccākṣuṣāṇi'
(vai.sū.4-1-11) iti sūtrābhyāṃ dravyagataguṇakriyāviṣayakapratyakṣe
cakṣussaṃyuktasamavāyaḥ kāraṇamiti spaṣṭamuktam/
'etena guṇatve bhāve
ca sarvendriyaṃ jñānaṃ vyākhyātam' (vai.sū.4.1.13) iti sūtreṇa yathā
guṇapratyakṣe dravyasamavāyo hetustathā guṇagatajātipratyakṣe 'pi
saṃyuktasamavetasamavāyo heturiti vyañjitam/ tathā-
'śrotragrahaṇo yor'thaḥ
sa śabdaḥ' (vai.sū.2-2-21) iti sūtreṇa śabdasya
śrotrajanyapratyakṣaviṣayatvaṃ lakṣaṇamuktvā,
'ekadravyatvānna dravyam'
(vai.sū.2-2-23) iti sūtreṇa śabdasyādravyatve
ākāśātmakaikadravyasamavāyasyaṃ het karaṇāt,
'bhūyasttvāt
gandhavattvācca pṛthivī gandhajñāne prakṛtiḥ'
(vai.sū.8-2-5)
'tathāpastejo vāyuśca
rasarūpasparśāviśeṣāt' (vai.sū.8-2-6) ityāṣṭamikasūtrābhyāṃ
ghrāṇarasanacakṣusttvacāṃ caturṇāmindriyāṇāṃ
bhūtaprakṛtikatvamupanyasyatā śrotrasya prakṛtiviśeṣānirdeśena
nityatvasūcanadvārā ākāśasya śrotratvasūcanācca śrotrasamavāyaḥ
śabdapratyakṣe heturiti dhvanitam/
'etena guṇatve bhāve
ca' (vai.sū.4-1-13)
iti sūtroktanyāyena
śabdatvapratyakṣe samavetasamavāyākhyaḥ saṃnikarṣo 'pi sūcita eva/ tathā
'asaditi
bhūtapratyakṣābhāvāt bhūtasmṛtervirodhipratyakṣavat'
(vai.sū.9-1-6)
iti sūtraṃ dṛśyate/
tasyāyamarthaḥ --- asan ghaṭa ityadyākārakamabhāvapratyakṣaṃ
virodhipratyakṣavat pratiyogighaṭapratyakṣatulyam/ pratiyogino
ghaṭasya pratyakṣaṃ yathānubhavasiddhaṃ laukikasaṃnikarṣajanyaṃ ca tathā

abhāvapratyakṣamapi nāpalāpārhaṃ saṃnikarṣajanyaṃ cetyarthaḥ/ abhāvapratyakṣe
tu pratiyogino yogyānupalabdhiḥ smaraṇaṃ ceti
sahakārikāriṇadvayamapekṣitamiti vaśeṣaḥ/ tadāha ---
bhūtapratyakṣābhāvāt bhūtasmṛteriti/ bhūtasya utpadya vinaṣṭasya ghaṭādeḥ
pratiyoginaḥ upalabdhyabhāvāt smaraṇāccetyarthaḥ/ evaṃ cābhāvapratyakṣasya
saṃnikarṣajanyatvaṃ sūcayan sūtrakāraḥ saṃyogasamavāyādyasaṃbhavāt
viśeṣyaviśeṣaṇabhāvātmakaṃ saṃnikarṣamapi samasūcayat/ tathā ca
ṣaḍvidha iti śabdena avibhakto 'pi ṣaṭsaṃkhyākaḥ saṃnikarṣaḥ
vaiśeṣikatantrasūcita iti niścinumahe/ praśastapādabhāṣye
pratyakṣanirūpaṇāvasare viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhāvaṃ vinā anye pañca
saṃnikarṣāḥ nirdiṣṭāḥ/ abhāvapadārthamadhikṛtya praśastapādabhāṣye yato
nirūpaṇaṃ nāsti ato viśeṣaṇatākhyasaṃnikarṣasya tatra prastāvo na
vidyate/ kandalīkārāstu ṣaḍvidhamapi saṃnikarṣaṃ sodāharaṇaṃ
pradarśayāmāsa/
pratyakṣasūtre
nyāyavārtikakārāḥ1 'saṃnikarṣaḥ punaḥ ṣoḍhā bhidyate, ityādinā
granthena pūrvoktān ṣaḍvidhān saṃnikarṣān sodāharaṇaṃ
prādarśayan/ sūtrādayaṃ vibhāgaḥ kathaṃ labhya iti śaṅkāyām ---
'so 'yaṃ
saṃnikarṣaśabdaḥ saṃyogasamavāya-
viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhāvavyāpakatvādupāttaḥ'
iti granthena2
saṃyogasamavāyādisādhāraṇaṃ saṃnikarṣaśabdaṃ prayuktavatā sūtrakāreṇa
saṃbhāvitāḥ saṃnikarṣā grahītavyā iti sūcitamiti samāhitam/
viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhāvaḥ
nyāyavārtike
viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhāvaḥ ṣaṣṭhaḥ saṃnikarṣaḥ proktaḥ/ sa ca
samavāyaviṣayakapratyakṣaṃ prati
abhāvaviṣayakapratyakṣaṃ
prati ca heturiti prasādhitam/ tatra ṭīkāyām3 --
'viśeṣaṇabhāvena
saṃyuktaviśeṣaṇaṃ samavetaviśeṣaṇaṃ ca saṃgṛhītam' iti vyākhyānaṃ
dṛśyate/ tasyāyamāśayaḥ/ bhūtalādiviśeṣyakābhāvapratyakṣaṃ prati
saṃyuktaviśeṣaṇatvaṃ saṃnikarṣaṃḥ/ akāre 'nudāttasvaro
nāstītyādiśabdaviśeṣyakābhāvapratyakṣaṃ prati samavetaviśeṣaṇatvaṃ
saṃnikarṣa iti/ nyāyasāre4 tu ---
'etapañcavidhasambandhasaṃbaddhaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhāvāt
dṛśyābhāvasamavāyayorgrahaṇam'
ityabhihitam/
viśeṣaṇatvaṃ pañcavidhaṃ saṃyuktaviśeṣaṇatvam,

saṃyuktasamavetaviśeṣaṇatvam, saṃyuktasamavetasamavetaviśeṣaṇatvam,
samavetaviśeṣaṇatvam, samavetasamavetaviśeṣaṇatvam ceti tadāśayaḥ/
dīpikāyāṃ
prakāśikāyāṃ ca viśeṣaṇatvaviśeṣyatvayorubhayorapi saṃnikarṣatvam
sayuktikaṃ pratyapādi/ tadvistaro bālapriyāyāṃ draṣṭavyaḥ/
trividhaḥ
alaukikasaṃnikarṣastu prācīnagrantheṣu na dṛśyate/ maṇikāraistatra tatra
vyavahṛtaḥ muktāvalīkārādibhiḥ prapañcitaḥ/ anumānakhaṇḍe maṇau
sāmānyalakṣaṇā pratyāsattiḥ paraṃ vistareṇa sthāpitetyāstāmiyatā/
( 9 ) anupalabdhivicāraḥ
anupalabdhisahakṛtendriyeṇaivābhāvajñānopapattau anupalabdhiḥ na
pramāṇāntaram/ adhikaraṇajñānārthamapekṣitasyendriyasyaiva
karaṇatvopapattau anupalabdheḥ karaṇatvāyogāditi dīpikākārāḥ/
etattattvamidānīṃ vicārya nirdhāryate/
nyāyadarśane --- 'na
catuṣṭvamaittihyārthāpattisaṃbhavābhāvaprāmāṇyāt' (nyā. sū. 2-2-1)
iti sūtreṇa catvāryeva pramāṇānītyetanna saṃgacchate/ aitihyam
arthāpattiḥ saṃbhavaḥ abhāvaśceti caturṇāṃ pramāṇānāṃ saṃbhavāt
ityāśaṅkya, 'śabde aitihyānarthāntarabhāvāt
anumāner'thāpattisaṃbhavābhāvānāmanarthāntarabhāvāccāpratiṣedhaḥ' (nyā.
sū. 2-2-2) iti sūtreṇa aitihyasya śabde arthāpattisaṃbhavābhāvānāṃ
trayāṇāmanumāne 'ntarbhāvāt catvāryeva pramāṇānīti siddhāntitam/
tatrābhāvapadena kiṃ vivakṣitam? tasya kathamanumāne 'ntarbhāvaḥ? iti
viṣaye nyāyasūtrataḥ kimapi nāvagamyate/ nyāyabhāṣyakāraḥ
tatsūtravyākhyānāvasare ---
'abhāvo virodhī
abhūtaṃ bhūtasayaḥ avidyamānaṃ
varṣakarma vidyamānasya
vāyvabhrasaṃyogasya pratipādakama/
vidhārake hi
vāyvabhrasaṃyoge gurutvādapāṃ patanakama
na bhavati'
iti abhāṣata/
tasyāyamāśayaḥ - abhāvo 'pi kasyacidarthasya pramiti-he turbhavati, yathā
toyapātarūpavṛṣṭyabhāvaḥ vāyumeghasaṃyogasya/ ataḥ
abhāvenāpyarthāntarapramityutpattyā abhāvo 'pi pramāṇamiti pūrvapakṣaḥ/
siddhāntastu - satyamabhāvaḥ pramāṇam, na tvatiriktaṃ pramāṇam/ abhāvasya
liṅgavidhayā arthāntarapramitijanakatvenānumāne 'ntarbhāvāt iti/
vārtikatātparyaṭīkayorapyevamevopapāditam/ paraṃ tveteṣu
mūlagrantheṣu mīmāṃsakaiḥ abhāvaśabdena vyavahniyamāṇaṃ yat

atupalabdhyākhyaṃ pramāṇaṃ tasya prastāva eva nāsti/
yadyapyanupalabdherapyupalabdhyabhāvarūpatayā tasyāpi
ghaṭābhāvādipratyāyakasya pramāṇatvaśaṅkā tasyānumāne 'ntarbhāvaśca
pūrvottarapakṣasūtrābhyāṃ sūcyata ityasti saṃbhāvayitumavakāśaḥ tathapi
bhāṣyavārtikādito 'syāśayasya sūcakaṃ kimapi nopalabhyate/
kaṇādamuniḥ
abhāvapramāṇamadhikṛtya viśiṣya na kiñcidabhyadhāt/ tathāpi 'asaditi
bhūtapratyakṣābhāvāt
bhūtasmṛteḥ' [vai.sū.9-1-6] iti sūtreṇa abhāvapratyakṣaṃ
pratiyogyupalambhābhāvajanyamiti kathanena
pratiyogyupalambhābhāvasahakṛtamindriyamabhāvapratyakṣaheturiti
sūcitavāt/ kandalīkāraḥ1 ----
'api
cendriyārthasaṃnikarṣādupalabhyamāne bhūtale
abhāvajñānamapi bhavati
aghaṭaṃ bhūtalamiti /
tatra
bhūtalasyevābhāvasyāpi pratyakṣatā kiṃ neṣyate'
iti granthena
abhāvabuddhiḥ pratyakṣepyantarbhāvayituṃ śakyate, ato na tatsādhanaṃ
pramāṇāntaramanveṣṭavyamiti pratyapādayat/
śabarasvāminaḥ
abhāvākhyapramāṇamadhikṛtya2 ---
'abhāvo 'pi
pramāṇābhāvaḥ nāstītyasyārthasyāsaṃnikṛṣṭasya'
ityabhāṣanta/ 'bhūtale
ghaṭo nāsti' ityevaṃ pratīyamāno yo nañartho 'bhāvaḥ
indriyāsaṃnikṛṣṭaḥ tasya bodhakaṃ pramāṇam abhāva ityucyate/
abhāvo nāma pramāṇābhāvaḥ, pratyakṣādipramāṇapañcakābhāva ityarthaḥ/
ayamevānupalabdhipadena paścātkālikairvyavahriyate/
udayanācāryāḥ1
anupalabdheḥ pratyakṣānumānayorantarbhāvaṃ sādhayanti sma/ tathā hi -
anupalabdhiḥ kadācit jñāyamānā abhāvapramāṃ prati kāraṇam,
kadāciccājñāyamānā/ tatra jñātānupalabdheḥ anumāne, ajñātānupalabdheḥ
pratyakṣe 'ntarbhāvaḥ/ jñātakāraṇasya parokṣajñānajanakatāyāḥ ajñātakāraṇasya
pratyakṣajñānajanakatāyāśca liṅgendriyādau darśanāt/
jñātānupalabdherudāharaṇaṃ yathā - mandirāccaitramānetumājñaptaḥ preṣyaḥ
svāminaṃ kathayati - 'nipuṇataramanviṣṭo mayā mandire caitraḥ, evamapi
nopalabdhaḥ' iti/ asmācca mandire caitrasya yogyānupalabdhiṃ jñātvā
svāmī anuminoti 'preṣyapraveśasamaye caitro mandire

nāsīt' iti/ atra
parakīyānupalabdhiḥ śabdato jñāyamānā anumityātmakaṃ parokṣajñānaṃ
janayatīti/ evameva prātaḥkālikābhāvapratītirapi vyākhyātavyā/ tathā
hi caitro mandire prātarāsīt kim? iti madhyāhne kenacit
pṛṣṭe kaścidevaṃ manyate - nipuṇataraṃ prātaścaitrānveṣaṇāya mandiraṃ
praviṣṭavatāpi mayā yasmāccaitro nopalabdhaḥ, tasmāttadā sa tatra
nāsīditi/ atra svayameva svakīyānupalabdhiṃ kālāntare jñātvā
abhāvamanuminoti/ tasmātprātaḥkālikasyābhāvasya pratītirmadhyāhne
jñāyamānā jñātānupalabdhijanyatvādanumitirūpeti/
ajñātānupalabdhijanyaṃ
tu jñānaṃ pratyakṣam/ tatra catvāro hetava upanyastāḥ---
'pratipatterapārokṣyādindriyasyānupakṣayāt/
ajñātakāraṇatvācca
bhāvāveśācca cetasaḥ//' iti/
indriyabhūtalasaṃyogānantarabhavā 'aghaṭaṃ bhūtalaṃ'
ityabhāvapratītiḥ indriyakaraṇikā aparokṣarūpatvāt
kāryāntarānupakṣīṇendriyasāpekṣatvāt ajñāyamānakaraṇakatvāt
manaso bhāvarūpaṃ kāraṇāntaramapekṣyaiva
bāhyānubhavajanakatvaniyamasiddhāt
manassahakāribhāvabhūtakaraṇasāpekṣatvācceti uktaślokasyārthaḥ/ ete ca
hetavaḥ kusumāñjalau tattvacintāmaṇau savistaramupapāditāstatraiva
draṣṭavyāḥ/
api ca prācīneṣu
sarveṣu grantheṣu yogyasyānupalabdhiḥ iti ṣaṣṭhītatpuruṣamabhipretya
yogyapratiyogiprakārakayogyādhikaraṇaviśeṣyakopalambhābhāvo
yogyānupalabdhiriti vyavahriyate sma/
yogyapratiyogiprakārakatvaviśeṣaṇāt stambhe piśācābhāvasya na
pratyakṣatā/ yogyādhikaraṇaviśeṣyakatvaniveśāt jalaparamāṇau
pṛthivītvābhāvasya na pratyakṣatā/ maṇikārāstu yogyā
cāsāvanupalabdhiśca yogyānupalabdhiriti karmandhārayamabhipretya
pratiyogisattvaprasañjanaprasañjitapratiyogikatvaṃ yogyatvamiti
pariṣkāraṃ cakruḥ/ dīpikādau
maṇikṛnmatānusāreṇaiva nirvacanaṃ kṛtam/ prācīnamate 'pi na
kācidastyanupapattiriti dinakarīvyākhyāyāṃ rāmarudryāṃ spaṣṭam/
[ 10 ] vyāptivicāraḥ
tattvacintāmaṇau
anumānakhaṇḍe prācīnoktāni bahūni vyāptilakṣaṇāni anūdya dūṣayitvā
svayaṃ nirdeṣāṇyanekāni vyāptilakṣaṇāni gaṅgeśopādhyāyāḥ
pradarśayāmāsuḥ/ tatra
pratiyogyasamānādhikaraṇayatsamānādhikaraṇātyantābhāvapratiyogitāvacchedakāvacchinnaṃ

yanna bhavati tena samaṃ tasya sāmānādhikaraṇyamiti prāthamikī
siddhāntavyāptiḥ/ iyameva dīpikāyāṃ prakāśikāyāṃ ca anūditā/
taddhaṭakadalānāṃ prayojanāni ca vivecitāni/
atredaṃ vicāryate ---
sarveṣvapi maṇikārapradarśiteṣu vyāptilakṣaṇeṣu sādhyahetvoḥ
sāmānādhikaraṇyasya praveśāt vyadhikaraṇasādhyasādhanayorapi
vyāpteriṣṭatvāt tatra kathaṃ samanvayaḥ/ tathāhi - adhodeśe
nadīpūrtyā ūrdhvadeśe vṛṣṭiranumīyate, padmasya vikāsena
sūryasyodayo 'numīyate, samudrasya vṛddhyā candrasyodayanumīyate/
tathā bhūmiṣṭhenālokena upariṣṭhaḥ savitā, cakrasya bhramaṇena bhrāmakasya
kulālasya saṃnihitatvam, kṛttikodayena rohiṇyudayāsattiḥ
ūrdhvabhāgasthadhūmenādhobhāgasthavahniścānumīyate/ etādṛśasthaleṣu
sāmānādhikaraṇyagarbhavyāpterabhāvāt
lakṣaṇāvyāptiḥ iti/
idamatra samādhānam
--- vyadhikaraṇatayā udāhṛtasthaleṣvapi nadī vṛṣṭimadūrdhvadeśasaṃbaddhā
pūravadadhodeśasaṃbaddhatvāt, ayaṃ kālaḥ sūryodayavān
padmavikāsavatkālatvāt, ayaṃ pradeśaḥ kulālāsattimān
bhramaccakrādhikaraṇatvāt ityādyanumānānāṃ vivakṣitatvāt tatra
sāmānādhikaraṇyasyopapattiḥ/ deśataḥ vyadhikaraṇeṃṣūktasthaleṣu kālataḥ
sāmānādhikaraṇyasadbhāvāt kālikasaṃbandhasya
sādhyahetutāvacchedakatvaṃ svīkṛtya vyāptiḥ saṃpādanīyeti/
( 11 ) padaśaktivicāraḥ
dīpikāyāṃ
śabdaparicchede gavādipadānāṃ gotvādijātāveva śaktiriti
mīmāṃsakamatena pūrvapakṣaṃ kṛtvā vṛddhavyavahārabalena
jātiviśiṣṭavyaktāveva śaktiriti sthāpitam/ etattattvaṃ
prācyanavyagranthavivecanapūrvakaṃ spaṣṭīkriyate/
tatrādau
nyāyasūtrakārādyāśayaḥ cintyate/ gavādiprātipadikasyārthaḥ kaḥ? kiṃ
vyaktiḥ? kiṃ vā avayavasaṃyogaviśeṣarūpā ākṛtiḥ? atha vā jātiriti
sandehaḥ/ saṃdehasya kāraṇaṃ tu avinābhāvena vartamānāsu
vyaktyākṛtijātiṣu gauriti śabdaḥ prayujyate/ tatra na jñāyate kiṃ
tāsāmanyatamaḥ śabdārthaḥ? atha vā tāḥ tisro 'pīti/ tatra vyaktivādī
āhaśabdaprayogasāmarthyāddhi padārtho niścetavyaḥ/ śabdaprayogaśyaśca
vyaktimuddiśyaiva bhavati/ tathā hi 'yā gaustiṣṭhati' 'yā gaurniṣṇā'
iti gośabdārthasya sthityādīni viśeṣaṇāni dīyante/ jāteḥ
śabdārthatve tasyāḥ ekatvāt viśeṣaṇamanupapannam,
vyāvartanīyāntarābhāvāt/ vyakteḥ padārthatve tu yā govyaktirna
tiṣṭhati tadvyāvartanārthaṃ tiṣṭhatīti viśeṣaṇaṃ saṃgacchate/ evaṃ gauḥ

upacīyate, apacīyate, gāṃ dadāti pratigṛhṇāti ityādau
vṛddhidānādikriyāsaṃbandhaḥ vyaktereva bhavati na jāteḥ/ gauḥ śuklā
kapiletyādau śuklādiguṇasaṃbandhaḥ vyakterevopapadyate/ evaṃ
gotvajāterekatvāt ekatvātiriktasaṃkhyāvattvaṃ tasyāḥ nāstīti
jāteḥ padārthatve viṃśatirgāva ityādivākyārthabodho 'nupapannaḥ/
evaṃ gosukhamityādisamāse sukhādyanvayo govyaktereva śliṣyate/
gairṅgāṃ janayatītyādau janmānvayaḥ govyakterna gotvajāteḥ/ tasmāt
vyaktireva padārtha iti/
ākṛtivādī tu prāha
--- na vyaktiḥ padārthaḥ/ ayaṃ gauḥ ayamaśva iti prāṇināṃ yā vyavasthā
sā avayavasaṃyogarūpākṛtimapekṣya hi bhavati/ tasmāt ākṛtiḥ
padārtha iti/
jātivādī tu - na
vyaktiḥ nāpyākṛtiḥ padārthaḥ/ tāsāmānantyena tatra śaktigrahāsaṃbhavāt/
api ca mṛdgavake vyakterākṛteśca sadbhāve 'pi 'gāṃ prokṣaya'
'gāmānaya' ityādivākyoktaprokṣaṇānayanādikaṃ na kriyate/
vyaktivāde ākṛtivāde ca tatrāpi tatprasaṅgaḥ/ jāteḥ padārthatve tu
mṛdgavake gotvajātyabhāvāt na prokṣaṇādikamiti/
paraṃ tu jātipakṣe 'pi
agṛhyamāṇāyāṃ vyaktau ākṛtau ca jāteragrahāt jātijñānasya
vyaktyākṛtiviṣayakatvaniyamāt jātimātraṃ na padavācyaṃ
bhavitumarhantītyākṣepo vartate/ ataḥ kaḥ padārtha iti
jijñāsāyāmuktaṃ
sūtrakāreṇa ---
'jātyākṛtivyaktayastu
padārthaḥ' (nyā.sū. 2-2-67) iti/ asyaivaṃ vyākhyānam -- triṣvekā
śaktiriti sūcanāyapadārtha ityekavacanam/ kadācit vyakteḥ
prādhānyam, kadācidākṛteḥ kadācijjāteḥ iti prādhānyānusāreṇa
padārthatvamiti viśeṣasūcanāya tuśabdaḥ/ yadā bhedavivakṣā
vyaktiviśeṣāvagatiśca gaustiṣṭhati gaurniṣaṇṇeti tadā vyaktiḥ
padārthaḥ aṅge jātyākṛtī/ yadā tu bhedo 'vivakṣitaḥ
sāmānyāvagatiśca tadā jātiḥ padārthaḥ yathā gaurna padā
spraṣṭavyetyādau/ piṣṭakamayyo gāvaḥ kriyantāmityādau ākṛtiḥ
padārtha iti/
evamapi lāghavāt
jātāveva śaktirastu, itarayorlakṣaṇayaiva bodho bhavatu iti
śaṅkā jāyate/ atroktaṃ tātparyaṭīkāyām - gośabdaśravaṇānantaraṃ
viditasaṃgateḥ puruṣasya ekakāle vyaktyākṛtijātīnāṃ bodho
bhavati, na punaryathā 'gaṅgāyāṃ ghoṣaḥ prativasati' ityatra vā
'gaurvāhīkaḥ' ityatra vā gaṅgātvagotvāvagamottaraṃ vākyārthe

tatsambandhānupapatteḥ tadavinābhāvena vā lakṣyamāṇaguṇayogena vā
tīraṃ vāhīko vāvagamyate tathehāvagatiḥ/ api tu
yugapadevāvagatiḥ/ ato 'vagatirūpeṇa kāryeṇa kalpanīyā
padaśaktistriṣu padārtheṃṣu viśrāmyati,
trayāṇāmekakāle 'vagatyāviśeṣāditi/ iyaṃ prācīnanyāyagrantharītiḥ/
navyanaiyāyikāstu ghaṭādipadāt
ghaṭatvaghaṭakṛtiprakārakavyaktiviśeṣyakabodhodayāt
jātyākṛtiviśiṣṭavyaktau ghaṭādipadānāṃ śaktiḥ/
ātmādāvākṛtyabhāvāt jātiviśiṣṭavyaktau śaktiḥ/
ākāśādipadānāmupādhiviśiṣṭe śaktiḥ, ākāśajātyabhāvāt/ tatrāpi
ghaṭatvādeḥ śakyatve sati śakyatāvacchedakatvamapyaṅgīkriyate/
avayavasaṃyogaviśeṣarūpākṛteḥ śakyatve 'pi śakyatāvacchedakatvaṃ
nāṅgīkriyate, jāteriva sākṣātsaṃbandhena śakyavyaktyavṛttitvāt,
svāśrayasamavetatvarūpaparamparāsaṃbandhenaiva śakyatāvacchedakatvaṃ
vācyamiti gauravāt ityāhuḥ/
anye tu
saṃsthānānupasthitāvapi gotvādinā gavādyanvayabodhāt
jātiviśiṣṭavyaktāveva gavādipadānāṃ śaktiḥ/ saṃsthāne ca pṛthageva
śaktirityāhuḥ/ paraṃ tvasmin pakṣe sūtrasthamekavacanamasvarasaṃ bhavati/
mīmāṃsakamatapariśīlanam
yattu mīmāṃsakaiḥ
prathamopasthitatvājjātāveva śaktirityuktam, tadviparītam/
āśrayapratītimantarā jātiguṇayorevāpratīteḥ/ vyaktirhi prathamato
jñāyate/ tato vyaktigatavyañjakākṛtiviśeṣadarśanānantaraṃ
vyaṅgyāyāḥ jāteḥ
pratītirityanubhavasiddham/ kiṃ ca
saṃyuktasamavetaviṣayakacākṣuṣaṃ prati cakṣussaṃyuktasamavāyaḥ kāraṇam/
tasya ca saṃyogapūrvakatvāt dravyacākṣuṣatvāvacchinnaṃ prati
cakṣussaṃyogasya kāraṇatayā jātyādipratyayāt prāk
sāmagrīvaśājjāyamānaṃ dravyapratyakṣaṃ nāpalapituṃ
śakyam/
nanu ayaṃ daṇḍīti
jñānavat ayaṃ ghaṭa iti jñānamapi viśiṣṭajñānatvāt
viśeṣaṇajñānapūrvakamāstheyam/ viśeṣaṇajñānaṃ ca na
viśiṣṭārthaviṣayakam, anavasthāprasaṅgāt/ ato jātimātraviṣayakaṃ
tadityavaśyamaṅgīkaraṇīyamiti jātyādeḥ prathamopasthitatvaṃ
vaktavyamiti cet -- satyaṃ viśiṣṭajñānaṃ viśeṣaṇajñānajanyamiti/
tadeva ca viśeṣaṇajñānaṃ na jātimātraviṣayakam/
jātibhāsakasaṃnikarṣasya saṃyuktasamavāyarūpasya
tadāśrayavyaktibhāsakasaṃyogakhyasaṃnikarṣaghaṭitatayā tajjanyajñānasya

jātiviṣayakatvavat tadāśrayavyaktiviṣayakatvasyāpi durvāratvāt/ na
caivamanavasthā, viśeṣaṇajñānasya jātivyaktyubhayaviṣayakasyāpi
vaiśiṣṭyāviṣayakatayā viśiṣṭajñānatvābhāvana tatra
viśeṣaṇajñānāntarasyānapekṣaṇāt/ ato viśeṣaṇajñānakāraṇatvabalāt
jāteḥ prathamopasthitatvaṃ bhavediti pratyāśā na kāryā/
evaṃ lāghavājjātimātre
śaktirityanupapannam/ vyaktiparaprayogasyaiva bāhulyena bahutra
vyaklikṣaṇāyāḥ kalpanīyatayā gauravāt/ tadapekṣayā viśiṣṭavyaktau
śaktiṃ svīkṛtya kvācitkajātiparaprayogasya lākṣaṇikatāyā eva
yuktatvāt/ 'vrīhibhiryajeta' ityādividhivākyeṣu sarvatra
vrīhyādipadānāṃ vyaktilākṣaṇikatve sati 'na vidhau paraḥ śabdārthaḥ'
iti nyāyavirodhaśca syāt/
api ca śaktigrāhakeṣu
vyākaraṇādiṣu gavādipadānāṃ jātimātraśaktau na kimapi pramāṇaṃ
paśyāmaḥ/ vyaktivācakatvamupajīvya pravṛtteṣu sarūpādisūtreṣu
vyaktyākhyāyāmityanabhidhānāt jātivācakatvamupajīvya pravṛtteṣu
'jātyākhyāyāmekasmin' (pā.sū. 1-2-58) ityādisutreṣu kvacideva
jātyākhyāyāmityādinirdeśācca sarvatra
vyakterabhidheyatvaṃ
gamyate/ 'cādayo 'sattve' (pā.sū.1-4-57) ityādiparyudāsācca
dravyavācitvaṃ gamyate/ sādṛśyapratītimupajīvya pravartamānamupamānaṃ ca
na vyaktivācakatāmantareṇa ghaṭate/ 'gosadṛśo gavayaḥ'
ityatideśavākyagatagavayapadārthavyaktau sādṛśyagrahāddhi gavayo
gavayapadavācya iti śaktigrahaḥ/ liṅgaviśeṣanirṇayapuraskāreṇa
pravṛttaḥ kośo 'pi tadyogyavyaktivācakatvameva kalpayati/ āptavākyaṃ ca
'gāmānaya' 'na surāṃpiba' ityādikaṃ
pravṛttinivṛttyanvayipadārthagocaraṃ vyaktiśaktiṃ vyanakti/ vyavahāro 'pi
gavānayanapravṛttyādirvyaktivācakatva evopapadyate/ vākyaśeṣāṃ'pi
'yatrānyā oṣadhayo mlāyanta' ityādiḥ
modamānatvādiviśeṣaṇārhavyaktivācakatāmeva draḍhayati/ vivaraṇamapi
pākaṃ karotītyādi kriyādivyaktivācakatāpakṣasvarasam/
prasiddhapadasāṃnidhyamapi 'iha sahakāratarau madhuraṃ piko rauti'
ityādikaṃ dravyavācakatva eva saṃgatam/ ato gavādiśabdānāṃ
jātiśaktatve na kimapi pramāṇaṃ svārasikam/ bādhakāni ca bhūyāṃsi
liṅgasaṃṅkhyānanvayādīni pūrvamevāpapāditāni/
kiṃ ca jātireva yadi
gavādiśabdārthaṃstarhi gotvaṃ vyaktiniṣṭhamitivat
gauvaryaktiniṣṭhetyapi prayogaḥ prasajyate/ gavādipadānāṃ
jātimātravivakṣayā prayoge tvatalādyapekṣā ca na syāt/ kiṃ ca khaṇḍo
gauḥ śuklo gauḥ ityādisāmānādhikaraṇyaṃ na ghaṭate/

khaṇḍatvāderjātāvananvayāt/ yattvatrocyate mīmāṃsakaiḥ lakṣyārthavyaktau
tadanvaya iti/ tadapi na/ kutrāpi vākye
lakṣyārthānvayiviśeṣaṇāprayogāt/ na hi gaṅgāyāṃ ghoṣa ityādau
gaṅgāpadalakṣyārthatīrāsādhāraṇaṃ viśeṣaṇaṃ kenāpi vākye
prayujyate/ pratyuta gabhīrāyāṃ nadyāṃ ghoṣa ityādau śakyārthanvayyeva
viśeṣaṇaṃ prayujyate/ tasmā jjātiviśiṣṭavyaktau padānāṃ śaktirityeva
yuktam iti naiyāyikāḥ/
[ 12 ] prāmāṇyavicāraḥ
dīpikāyāṃ
prāmāṇyasya jñaptāvutpattau ca svatastvaṃ paratastvaṃ ca nirucya
mīmāṃsakamatanirākaraṇapūrvakamubhayatra paratastvaṃ sthāpitaṃ
prāmāṇyavādaprakaraṇe/ etattattvaṃ prācyanavyagranthavimarśapūrvakamadhunā
vivriyate/
kasmiṃścidviṣaye jñāte
sati jāte jñāne prāmāṇyabuddhimantarā viṣaye pravṛttirna bhavatīti
jñānagataprāmāṇyajñānamapi pravṛttiheturiti vaktavyam/ na cedaṃ jñānaṃ
prameti jñānaṃ vināpi pravṛtterutpattyā vyatirekavyabhicārāt
prāmāṇyajñānasya pravṛttihetutvaṃ nāstīti vācyam/
bahuvittavyayāyāsasādhye yāgādau pravṛtteḥ prāmāṇyaniścayaṃ vinā
asaṃbhavāt/ na ca tatrāpyāvaśyakārthaniśyādeva pravṛttiriti vācyam/
yatsaṃśayaḥ yadvyatirekaniścayaśca yatpratibandhakau
tanniścayastaddheturityavaśyaṃ svīkaraṇīyam/ yathā vyāptisaṃśaye vā
vyāptivyatirekaniścaye vā satyanumitirna jāyata iti
vyāptiniścayo 'numitiṃ prati heturiti aṅgīkriyate, tathā
prāmāṇyasaṃśaye vā prāmāṇyavyatirekaniścaye vā sati pravṛttirna
jāyata iti pravṛttiṃ prati prāmāṇyaniścayaḥ kāraṇamiti sidhyati/ tathā
ca jñānapramātyaniścayaṃ vinā pravṛttyasaṃbhava iti/ na ca jñāne
prāmāṇyasaṃdehe
satyarthasaṃdehāt
arthaniścayarūpakāraṇābhāvādeva pravṛttyabhāvopapattau pravṛttiṃ prati
prāmāṇyasaṃdehasya pratibandhakatvābhāvenoktaniyamāpravṛttyā
prāmāṇyaniścayasya pravṛttiṃ prati hetutvābhāvāt
prāmāṇyasvatastvaparatastvavicāro 'navasara iti vācyam/ yatra
jñānaviśeṣe pramātvasaṃdeho tatra niṣkampapravṛttiḥ
idamitthamevetyavadhāraṇādeva saṃpādanīyā/ taccāvadhāraṇaṃ jñānasya
pramātvaniścayaṃ vinā na saṃbhavatīti
pravṛttihetubhūtārthaniścayahetutayā prāmāṇyaniścayasya pravṛttiṃ prati
prayojakatvāt prāmāṇyaniścayo 'pi saṃpādanīyaḥ/ sa ca svataḥ parato
veti vicāro yukta eva/
tatra prāmāṇyajñaptau

svatastvaṃ paratastvaṃ ca maṇau pañcadhā niruktam/ tatra prathamaniruktimātraṃ
dīpikāyāmanūditam/ jñānaṃ yayā sāmagyā jñāyate tayaiva jñānagataṃ
pramātvamapi jñāyata iti jñānagrāhakasāmagrīgnāhyatvātmakaṃ prathamaṃ
svatastvam/ tatra prābhākarā ḥ - ghaṭamahaṃ jānāmītyeva jñānākāraḥ/ tasya
jñānasya svayaṃprakāśatvāt jñānagrāhakamapi svayameveti tadgrāhyatvaṃ
prāmāṇyasyeti vadanti/
bhāṭṭāḥ --- jñānaṃ
jñātatayānumīyata iti jñātatāliṅgakānumitiḥ
jñānagrāhakasāmagrījanyagrahaḥ tadviṣayatvaṃ prāmāṇyasyetyācakṣate/ murārimiśrāḥ --- 'ayaṃ ghaṭaḥ' iti jñānānantaraṃ
'ghaṭamahaṃ jñānāmi' ityanuvyavasāyo jāyate/ tena jñāne
viṣayīkriyamāṇe tadgataṃ pramātvamapi viṣayīkriyate/ tathā ca
jñānagrāhakānuvyavasāyagrāhyatvāt prāmāṇyasya
svatastvamityupavarṇayanti/ matatraye 'pi
jñānagrāhakasāmagrayāḥbhinnatve 'pi jñānagrāhakasāmagrīgrāhyatvātmakaṃ
svatastvaṃ
sādhāraṇam/ atra
yatprāmāṇyāśraye jñāne doṣavaśādaprāmāṇyagrāhikā kācana sāmagrī tayā
tatprāmāṇyasyāgrahāt svatastvabādhaḥ syāditi aprāmāṇyagrāhaketi
sāmagrīviśeṣaṇaṃ deyam/ evamapi idaṃ jñānamaprameti jñānaniṣṭhasya
aprāmāṇyavati aprāmāṇyaprakārakatvarūpasya prāmāṇyasya
aprāmāṇyagrāhakasāmagryaivaṃ grahaṇāt
aprāmāṇyagrāhakasāmagrīgrāhyatvātmakasvatastvasya tatra bādhaḥ syāditi
tadvāraṇāya tadaprāmāṇyāgrāhaketi vaktavyam/ tasmin aprāmāṇgrāhaketi
tadarthaṃḥ/ yādṛśaprāmāṇye svatastvamiṣyate
tādṛśaprāmāṇyāśrayaviśeṣyakāprāmāṇyaprakārakajñānajanaketi yāvat/
idaṃ jñānamapremetyākārakajñānaniṣṭhaprāmāṇyagrāhakasāmagryāḥ/
idañjñānaviśeṣyakāprāmāṇyagrāhakatve 'pi prakṛtaprāmāṇyāśrayabhūtaṃ
yat idaṃ jñānamaprametyākārakaṃ jñānaṃ
tadviśeṣyakāprāmāṇyajñānājanakatvānna doṣaḥ/ naiyāyikairapi
jñānagrāhakaṃ yat idaṃ jñānaṃ pramā samarthapravṛttijanakatvāt
ityanumānaṃ tadgrāhyatvasya pramātve 'ṅgīkārāt
svatastvāpattivāraṇāya yāvajjñānagrāhakasāmagrīti yāvattvaviśeṣaṇamapi
deyam/ tacca sāmāgryāṃ na viśeṣaṇam/ sarvābhirjñānasāmagrībhirekasya
jñānasyājananena yāvatsāmagrījanyagrahāprasiddhaṃḥ/ api tu
jñānaviśeṣaṇam/ tathā ca
jñānagrāhakasāmagrījanyayāvadgrahaviṣayatvamiti phalitam/
tādṛśayāvadgrahāntargatānuvyavasāyagrāhyatvasya prāmāṇye
naiyāyikairanaṅgīkārānna doṣaḥ/ yāvattvasya ca vyāpakatvarūpatvāt
tadaprāmāṇyagrāhakatattaddharmaprakārakajñānagrāhakasāmagrījanyagrahatvavyāpakaviṣayitānirūpakatvaṃ
svatastvamiti dīdhitikārairniṣkarṣaḥ kṛtaḥ/ sa niṣkarṣaḥ

prakāśikāyāmanūditaḥ/
atha prāmāṇyavādasya tulanātmakadṛṣṭyā
vicāraḥ
pramātmakajñānagataṃ
prāmāṇyaṃ apramātmakajñānagatamaprāmāṇyaṃ ca kiṃ svataḥ uta parata ityatra
tīrthakarā vipratipadyante/ tatra prāmāṇyamaprāmāṇyaṃ cetyubhayaṃ svata
iti sāṃkhyāḥ/ ubhayaṃ parata iti vaiśeṣikādayaḥ/ aprāmāṇyaṃ parata
iti bauddhāḥ/ prāmāṇyaṃ svataḥ aprāmāṇyaṃ parata iti mīmāṃsakāḥ
vedāntinaśceti catvāraḥ pakṣāḥ/
sāṃkhyamatam
jñāne
pūrvamavidyamānaṃ prāmāṇyamaprāmāṇyaṃ vā paścāt kāraṇabalādutpadyata
ityaṅgīkāre asatkāryavādo bhavediti bhītāḥ sāṃkhyāḥ
prāmāṇyamaprāmāṇyaṃ cetyubhayamapi svābhāvikamiti/
paraṃ tu ubhayamapi
hetuviśeṣaṃ vinā yadi svabhāvato bhavetām, tadā 'idaṃ jñānaṃ
pramāṇaṃ' 'idaṃ jñānamapramāṇam' iti vyavasthā na syāt iti
asvārasyamasmin mate 'sti/
bauddhamatam
aprāmāṇyaṃ svataḥ
prāmāṇyaṃ parata iti manyante bauddhāḥ/ tathā hi --- yadi prāmāṇyaṃ
svata eva niścīyate, tarhi prāmāṇyarūpaikatarakoṭeḥ niścayāt idaṃ
jñānaṃ pramā apramā veti saṃśayo na syāt/ ataḥ kāraṇabhūtasya guṇasaya
jñānāt pravṛttisaṃvādācca prāmāṇyaṃ niścīyate/
taduktam ---
'tasmin sadapi
mānatvaṃ viniścetuṃ na śakyate/
uttarārthakriyājñānāt
kevalaṃ tat pratīyate//'
iti/ aprāmāṇyaṃ tu
svata evāvasīyate/ ata eva vedādutpannaṃ jñānaṃ viparyayarūpam/ ataḥ
svato 'pramāṇaṃ vedāḥ iti bauddhānāmākūtam/
idamatra dūṣaṇam/
aprāmāṇyaṃ svābhāvikamiti vādināṃ mate 'pi bhramajñāne 'dhiṣṭhānāṃśe
prāmāṇyasya svābhāvikatvaṃ vaktavyam/ anyathā
niradhiṣṭhānabhramaprasaṅgāt/ kiṃ ca 'pramāṇāt prameyasiddhiḥ'
'yuktiyuktaṃ vaco grāhyam' ityādikaṃ vacanaṃ sarvairapi vādibhiḥ
svataḥ pramāṇamiti vaktavyam/ tathā nirvikalpakasya
vāsanopaplavaśūnyasya svata eva prāmāṇyamupagacchanti/ savikalpakasyāpi
svāṃśe prāmāṇyaṃ viṣayāṃśe 'prāmāṇyaṃ ca vadanti/ tathā ca kutracit

prāmāṇyasvatastvaṃ teṣāmapyavarjanīyam/ api ca sarveṣvapi jñāneṣu
kiñcidaṃśe prāmāṇyasya sattvāt aprāmāṇyasyaiva kvācitkatvāt tadeva
kiṃśukādyupādhikāruṇyavat sahetukaṃ, prāmāṇyameva nirhetukamiti
vyavasthāpanāt iti mīmāṃsakāḥ/ naiyāyikāstu doṣataḥ aprāmāṇyaṃ
guṇataḥ prāmāṇyamityāhuḥ/ sarvathā aprāmāṇyasvatastvaṃ na ghaṭate/
mīmāṃsakamatam/
prāmāṇyaṃ svata
evotpadyate jñāyate ca/ aprāmāṇyaṃ tu parata utpadyate jñāyate ceti
mīmāṃsakāḥ/ prāmāṇyaṃ svata utpadyata ityasya prāmāṇyāśrayajñānasya yā
sāmagrī utpādikā tayaiva jñānagataṃ prāmāṇyamapyutpadyate, na tu
guṇādityarthaḥ/ tena ca vedādutpannasya jñānasya yat prāmāṇyaṃ tatra
vaktṛyathārthajñānarūpaguṇāpekṣāvirahāt vedasyāpauruṣeyatvaṃ sthiraṃ
bhavatīti teṣāmāśayaḥ/ prāmāṇyaṃ svato jñāyata ityasya
prāmāṇyāśrayasya jñānasya yayā sāmagryā jñānaṃ bhavati tayaiva
tadgataprāmāṇyasyāpi jñānaṃ bhavati/ paścāttu
bādhakajñānakāraṇadoṣajñānābhyāṃ prāmāṇyaṃ bādhyate/ evaṃ ca apauruṣeye
vede anāptapuruṣasaṃbandhakṛtadoṣāṇāmabhāvāt bādhakajñānābhāvācca
jñātaṃ prāmāṇyaṃ tathaivāvatiṣṭhate/ tathā ca vedaprāmāṇyasthirīkaraṇameva
jñaptau svatastvasādhanasya prayojanamiti/
prāmāṇyaniścaye nyāyadarśanābhiprāyaḥ
yadyapi nyāyasūtre
prāmāṇyāprāmāṇyasvatastvaparatastvavicāraḥ na kṛtaḥ, tathāpi
'mantrāyurvedaprāmāṇyavacca tatprāmāṇyamāptaprāmāṇyāt' (nyā0.sū0.
2-1-68) iti sūtreṇa parataḥ prāmāṇyaṃ sūcitameva/ nyāyabhāṣyakāraḥ
ārambhavākyameva prāmāṇyaparatastvakhyāpakaṃ vinyāsthat -
'pramāṇator'thapratipattau pravṛttisāmarthyādarthavatpramāṇam' iti/
idaṃ ca bhāṣyavākyaṃ vācaspatimiśraiḥ evamavatāritam - nanu
yacchāstramanuṣṭhātumaśakyamupāyaṃ pratipādayati tadanarthakam, yathā
jvaraharatakṣakacūḍāratnāharaṇopadeśakaṃ śāstram/ idaṃ
nyāyaśāstramapi tādṛśameva/ tathā hi, ṣoḍaśapadārthatvajñānāddhi
niḥśreyasayupadiśyate 'smin śāstre/ tadeva durlabham/ prameyādīnāṃ
padārthānāṃ tattvajñānaṃ pramāṇatattvajñānāndhīnam/ na hi pramāṇaṃ
tattvenānirṇītaṃ san svaviṣayaṃ avadhārayitumalam/
pramāṇatattvāvadhāraṇaṃ ca pramātattvāvadhāraṇādhīnam/ na hi pramāṃ
tattvenānavadhārayan pramājanakasya tattvamavadhārayituṃ śaknoti/
pramāyāśca tattvamavyabhicāritvarūpaṃ svataḥ parato vā
niścetumaśakyam/ ghaṭādiviṣayagocaraṃ jñānamātmānamapi
viṣayīkartumaśaknuvat kathaṃ hi nāma svagataṃ pramātvaṃ grahīṣyatīti
svataḥ pakṣaḥ tāvanna yuktaḥ/ jñānaṃ svayaṃprakāśam iti pakṣe 'pi
kathañcit jñānasya svaviṣayakatvasambhave 'pi

svagatāvyabhicāritvarūpapramātvaviṣayakatvaṃ durūpapādam/ parataḥ
pramātvaṃ jñāyata iti pakṣe 'pi paraśabdena jñānaviṣayakajñānāntarasya
vā arthakriyāviṣayakajñānasya vā anyasya vā vivakṣāyāṃ teṣāmapi
svasmin pramātvānavadhāraṇe pūrvajñāne prāmāṇyaṃ kathaṃ jñātum
śakyeta/ atasteṣāṃ prāmāṇyaṃ jñānāntarebhyaścet teṣāmapi
tathetyanavasthā/ teṣāṃ pramātvaṃ svata iti tu
pūrvoktarītyānupapannam/ tathā ca svataḥ parato vā
pramātattvānavadhāraṇāt pramāṇatattvāvadhāraṇaṃ na sambhavati/
tadasaṃbhavācca prameyāditattvajñānamapi na saṃbhavati/ tasmāt
pramāṇādiṣoḍaśapadārthatattvajñānānniḥśreyasādhigama
ityupadiśacchastramanarthakamityāśaṅkāyāḥ nirākaraṇārthaṃ"pramāṇato arthapratipattau"
ityādibhāṣyaṃ pravṛttamiti/
asya bhāṣyasyāyamarthaḥ -
prāmāṇamarthavaditi pratijñā/ pravṛttisāmarthyāditi hetuḥ/ pramāṇamiti
karaṇārthakalyuḍantaḥ śabdaḥ/ arthavaditi nityayoge matup/ nityatā
cārthāvyabhicāritā/ arthāvyabhicāritvaṃ ca tadvati tatprakārakatvam/
tacca pramāṇasya jñānadvārakam/ tathā ca pramāṇaṃ tadvati
tatprakārakajñānajanakamiti pratijñārthaḥ/ samapravṛttijanakatvamiti
tadarthaḥ/ yadi pramāṇamarthāvyabhicāri nābhaviṣyat samarthāṃ pravṛttiṃ
nākariṣyat yathā arthavyabhicārī pramāṇābhāsa iti
vyatirekyanumānamatra
vivakṣitam/ pramāṇasya
pravṛttijanakatvaṃ na sākṣāt, kiṃ tu
arthapratipattijananadvāreṇetyāśayena pramāṇator'thapratipattāvityuktam/
tathā ca vipratipannaṃ jñānaṃ tadvati tatprakārakaṃ
saphalapravṛttijanakatvādityanumāna eva paryaṃvasānam/ itthaṃ ca
saphalapravṛttijanakatvahetukānumityā jñānagataṃ pramātvaṃ gṛhyata iti
bhāṣyakārāśayaḥ/
nanvanumitirūpajñānaniṣṭhaṃ pramātvaṃ kena gṛhyate?
anumityantareṇeti yadi, tadānavastheti cet---na/
anumitiviṣayakānuvyavasāyena anumitau gṛhyamāṇāyo
tanniṣṭhaprāmāṇyasyāpi grahāt anumitiprāmāṇyasya
svatogrāhyatvāṅgīkārāt/ tarhi 'ghaṭamahaṃ jānāmi'
ityanuvyavasāyena ghaṭajñāne gṛhyamāṇe tatprāmāṇyamapi gṛhyatām,
kimarthaṃ tatra
pravṛttisāmarthyaliṅgakānumityanudhāvanamiticet--idaṃ jñānaṃ
pramā na veti saṃśayānurodhena pramātvaniścayāya
pravṛttisāmarthyarūpahetuparāmarśāt prakṛte tadabhāvāditi
tātparyaṭīkākārāḥ nirūpayanti1/
prāmāṇyasyāvaśyavedyatvānabhyupagamānnānavastheti kusumāñjalikārāḥ

upapādayanti2/
'mantrāyurvedaprāmāyyavacca tatprāmāṇyamāptaprāmāṇyāt'
(nyā.sū. 2---1---68) iti sūtreṇa,
'kiṅkṛtametat?
āptaprāmāṇyakṛtam/ kiṃ punarāptānāṃ
prāmāṇyam?
sākṣātkṛtadharmatā bhūtadayā yathābhūtārtha-
cikhyāpayiṣā'
ityāditatsūtrasthabhāṣyeṇa ca prāmāṇyasyotpattau
guṇajanyatvākhyaṃ paratastvaṃ sūcitameva/ kusumāñjalau jñaptau utpattau
ca
paratāstvaṃ
vistareṇopapāditam/ tadapekṣayāpi vistareṇa maṇau dodhitau
gādādharīye ca vivecitam/ dīpikāyāṃ prakāśikāyāṃ ca
tatratyamevopapādanaṃ punaḥ saṃgṛhītamiti/
[ 13 ] anyathākhyātivicāraḥ
bhramātmakajñānasya
khyātiriti vyapadeśaḥ śāstragrantheṣu vartate/ tatra viṣaye vādino
bahudhā vadanti/ loke yasya yasya yadyat jñānaṃ bhavati tatsarvaṃ prameti
vaktuṃ na śakyate/ tathā sati prativādino jñānamapi pramā syāt/ tathā
ca prativādyapi vijayeta/ tathāsarvaṃ jñānamaprametyapi vaktuṃ na pāryate/
tathā sati vādino yat jñānaṃ tadapyapramā syāt/
tathā ca vādi
parājito bhavet/ tasmāt kiñcit jñānaṃ pramā kiñcit jñānamapramā
iti vibhāgaḥ sarvairabhyupagantavyaḥ/ tatra apramātmake jñāne anyasya
anyathābhānātmikāmanyathākhyātiṃ naiyāyikā jainā bhāṭṭāśca
urarīkurvanti/ anyathākhyāteḥ yā sāmagrī bhedājñānarūpa akhyātiḥ tathaiva
vyavahāropapatteḥ akhyātipakṣa eva yukta iti prābhākarāḥ/
kṣaṇikavijñānarūpaḥ ātmaiva bāhyavastvākāreṇa pratīyata
ityātmakhyātivādinaḥ/ bauddhāḥ/ bhramasthale asadeva pratīyata iti
asatkhyātivādinaḥ mādhyamikāḥ/ bhrame sadasadanirvañcanīyaṃ vastūtpadyate
pratīyate cetyadvaitinaḥ/ etanmate anirvacanīyakhyātiḥ/
tatra naiyāyikā
anyathākhyātivādina iti prasiddhiḥ/ nyāyadarśane prathamasūtreṇa
tattvajñānānniḥśreyasaprāptimabhidhāya 'duḥkhajanme' tyādidvitīyasūtreṇa
mithyājñānaṃ paramparayā saṃsāraheturiti pratipāditam/ tatra
'mithyājñānamanekaprakārakaṃ vartate ātmani tāvannāstīti
anātmanyātmeti duḥkhe sukhamiti' ityādi bhāṣamāṇaḥ vātsyāyanaḥ
atasmiṃstaditi jñānaṃ mithyājñānamiti manyate/ vārttikakāro 'pi ---
'kaḥ punarayaṃ viparyayaḥ/ atasmiṃstaditi pratyayaḥ' iti kathayati/ asya