Sāṃkhyakārikā with Māṭhara's commentary Māṭharavṛtti (with commentary) · Verses 61-70

nivṛttā kiṃ karoty etad āha ---
prakṛteḥ sukumārataraṃ na kiñcid astīti me matir bhavati /
yā dṛṣṭāsmīti punar na darśanam upaiti puruṣasya

prakṛtir api pradhānam api kurute | yatheha snuṣā vrīḍayā svagṛhāntaḥ praviśati ato bravīti iyaṃ viśiṣṭatareti | evam iyaṃ prakṛtiḥ sukumāratarā | tasmāt prakṛteḥ sukumārataraṃ nānyad astīti | evaṃ puruṣasya paramātmano 'pi matir utpannā | nāstīti me matir bhavati | mameti puruṣa ātmānaṃ bravīti | tatra sukumārataratvaṃ varṇayati īśvaraḥ kāraṇam iti kecid ācāryā bravate | uktaṃ ca ---
"ajño jantur anīśo 'yam ātmanaḥ sukhaduḥkhayoḥ /
īśvaraprerito gacchet svargaṃ narakam eva vā" //
(mahābhārata 3 |31 |27)(p.55)
vedavādinaḥ punar itthaṃ kāraṇam āhuḥ | "puruṣa evedaṃ sarvam"(śvetāśvataropaniṣad 3 |15) ity ataḥ puruṣaṃ kāraṇam āhuḥ | apare svabhāvam āhuḥ | svabhāvaḥ kāraṇam iti | tathā hi ---
"yena śuklīkṛtā haṃsāḥ śukāś ca haritīkṛtāḥ /
mayūrāś citritā yena sa no vṛttiṃ vidhāsyati" //
(hitopadeśa 1 |183)
atra sāṅkhyā vadanti | īśvaraḥ kāraṇaṃ na bhavati | kasmāt, nirguṇatvāt | imāḥ saguṇāḥ prajāḥ | sattvarajastamāṃsi trayo guṇāḥ, te ca prajāsu santi | tāṃś ca guṇān dṛṣṭvā sādhayāmaḥ | prakṛter imāḥ samutpannāḥ prajāḥ | yad īśvaraḥ kāraṇaṃ syāt tato nirguṇād īśvarān nirguṇā eva prajāḥ syuḥ | na caivam | tasmād īśvaraḥ kāraṇaṃ na bhavati | evaṃ puruṣo 'pi draṣṭavyaḥ | svabhāvo nāma na kaścit padārtho 'sti | yataḥ prajānām utpattisaṅgatiḥ syāt | tasmād yo brūte svabhāvaḥ kāraṇam iti tan mithyā | kecit kālaṃ kāraṇatayā varṇayanti ---
"kālaḥ sṛjati bhūtāni kālaḥ saṃharate prajāḥ /
(mahābhārata 3 |13 |70 |57)
kālaḥ supteṣu jāgarti tasmāt kālas tu kāraṇam" //
tad api sāṅkhyo nirākurute | kālo nāma na kaścit padārtho 'sti | vyaktam avyaktaṃ puruṣa iti traya eva padārthāḥ | tatra kālo 'ntarbhūtaḥ | evaṃ pradhānaṃ hitvā nāsty anyat kāraṇam | tatpradhānāvagamaṃ prati yadā puruṣasya samyagjñānam utpadyate tadā tena jñānena dṛṣṭā prakṛtiḥ puruṣasaṅgān nivartate | svairiṇīva puruṣeṇopalakṣitā | aye iyam asādhvī māṃ mohayati, tasmān na mamānayā kāryam itivat | tasyāṃ ca nivṛttāyāṃ mokṣaṃ gacchati | evam īśvarādīni akāraṇāni | sukumārataram ity etad vākyaśeṣaḥ kṛtaḥ | yasmāt sukumārataraṃ pradhānaṃ tasmād ucyate --- prakṛteḥ sukumārataraṃ na kiñcid astīti me matir bhavati | iti me puruṣasya | atrāha --- sā dṛṣṭā puruṣeṇa kathaṃ nivartate prakṛtiḥ | atrocyate --- yā dṛṣṭāsmīti punar na darśanam upaiti puruṣasya | yathā kācit kulastrī sādhvī svagṛhadvāri sthitā puruṣeṇa sahasaivāgatena dṛṣṭā sahasaivaṃ vrīḍamānā tvaritaṃ gṛhaṃ praviṣṭā sā evaṃ matvā dṛṣṭāham aneneti na punar darśanam upaiti puruṣasya | evaṃ prakṛtiḥ paramātmanā puruṣeṇa jñānacakṣuṣā dṛṣṭā savrīḍā kulastrīvan na punar darśanam upaiti puruṣasya | tasyāṃ ca nivṛttāyāṃ puruṣo mokṣaṃ gacchati

(p.56)
atrāha --- loke śiṣṭā vadanti puruṣo baddhaḥ, puruṣo muktaḥ, puruṣaḥ saṃsarati | atrocyate ---
tasmān na badhyate nāpi mucyate nāpi saṃsarati kaścit /
saṃsarati badhyate mucyate ca nānāśrayā prakṛtiḥ

puruṣo na badhyate sarvagatatvāt, avikāratvāt, niṣkriyatvāt, akartṛtvāt | yasmān na badhyate tasmān na mucyate | mukta eva saḥ | abaddhaḥ kuto mucyate | kasyābhuktena visūcī bhavati | na saṃsarati sarvagatatvāt | sarvagatasya bandhamokṣau kutaḥ | anadhigataprāpaṇārthaṃ saṃsaraṇam ity upadiśyate | tena ca sunipuṇaṃ sarvaṃ prāptam | puruṣaṃ na vidanti ye ta evaṃ vadanti | puruṣo baddhaḥ, puruṣo muktaḥ, puruṣaḥ saṃsarati | atrāha --- yadi puṃso bandhamokṣasaṃsaraṇāni na syuḥ tarhi kasya bhavanti | tad ucyate --- saṃsarati badhyate mucyate ca nānāśrayā prakṛtiḥ | prakṛtir ātmānaṃ badhnāti, mocayati, saṃsarati ca | yat tat sargādau sūkṣmaṃ śarīraṃ tānmātrikaṃ prāg uktaṃ trayodaśavidhena karaṇena saṃyuktaṃ trividhena bandhena baddhaṃ saṃsarati | sa ca bandhas trividhaḥ pūrvam ākhyātaḥ | tad eva sūkṣmaśarīram utpanne jñāne tridhā bandhān mucyate | tasmān mucyate badhyate saṃsarati nānāśrayā prakṛtiḥ | nānāśrayā devamanuṣyatiryakśarīrabhūtety arthaḥ | evaṃ yat pradhānaṃ tat sūkṣmaṃ śarīraṃ tat pradhānaṃ prakṛtir ity anarthāntaram | tatra yaḥ puṃso bandhamokṣasaṃsaraṇāni brūte sa mūḍhaḥ

atrāha --- sā prakṛtiḥ kair guṇair ātmānaṃ bandhayati, kair vā mocayatīti? atrocyate ---
rūpaiḥ saptabhir evaṃ badhnāty ātmānam ātmanā prakṛtiḥ /
saiva ca puruṣasyārthaṃ prati vimocayaty ekarūpeṇa

saptabhī rūpair iyam evaṃ prakṛtir dharmādibhir vinā jñānam ātmanātmānaṃ badhnāti | saiva ca prakṛtiḥ guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhirūpaṃ prati, ekarūpeṇa jñānenātmānaṃ vimocayati

(p.57)
katham taj jñānam utpadyate ---
evaṃ tattvābhyāsān nāsmi na me nāham ity apariśeṣam /
aviparyayād viśuddhaṃ kevalam utpadyate jñānam

evam iti | yathā, etāni pañcaviṃśatitattvāni puruṣādyāni bhūtaparyantāni teṣām abhyāsas tattvābhyāsaḥ | abhyāsenaiva tattvadarśanam | tasmād abhyāsāt puruṣasya buddhir utpadyate | nāsmi tattvāni, na me tattvāni, nāhaṃ tattvānām, kiṃ tu prādhānikāny etāni | tasmāj jñānam utpadyata evamādi | apariśeṣaṃ niravaśeṣam ity arthaḥ | kiṃ cānyat (jñānaṃ yasmād āha) --- aviparyayāt | viparyayaḥ saṃśayas tadviparīto 'viparyayas tasmād aviparyayād asaṃśayād yathābhūtārthadarśanād viśuddham niravadyam avyāmiśraṃ kevalaṃ jñānam utpadyate prādurbhavati | kiṃ jñānam? guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhirūpam ity arthaḥ

atrāha --- tena jñānena puruṣaḥ kiṃ karoti | atrocyate ---
tena nivṛttaprasavām arthavaśāt saptarūpavinivṛttām /
prakṛtiṃ paśyati puruṣaḥ prekṣakavad avasthitaḥ svasthaḥ

yathā kaścit prekṣako raṅgasthito gītavāditranṛtyādibhir vartamānāṃ nartakīṃ svastho nirvikalpaḥ paśyati | evaṃ puruṣa ātmakṛtena jñānena tāsu tāsv avasthāsu vartamānāṃ prakṛtiṃ paśyati --- iyaṃ sā prakṛtir yā sarvapurāṇam ātmānaṃ badhnāti | prekṣakavat prekṣakeṇa tulyaḥ svasthaḥ svasmin bhāve sthitaḥ | kiṃbhūtāṃ prakṛtim? nivṛttaprasavām | nivṛttabuddhyahaṅkārakāryām | arthavaśāt saptarūpavinivṛttām | nirvarttitobhayapuruṣaprayojanavaśād yaiḥ saptabhī rūpair dharmādibhir ātmānaṃ badhnāti tebhyo rūpebhyo vinivṛttām | yāvaj jñānacakṣuṣā dṛṣṭā prakṛtiḥ puruṣeṇa tathā ca pumān dṛṣṭaḥ

atrāha --- jñānacakṣuṣā dṛṣṭvā prakṛtiṃ puruṣaḥ kiṃ karoti? atrocyate ---
dṛṣṭā mayety upekṣaka eko dṛṣṭāham ity uparatānyā /
(p.58)
sati saṃyoge 'pi tayoḥ prayojanaṃ nāsti sargasya

yathemāṃ raṅgagatāṃ nartakīṃ sarvāsv avasthāsu vartamānāṃ dṛṣṭvā viramati raṅgāt prekṣakaḥ dṛṣṭā mayety upekṣaka ekaḥ kevalaḥ śuddhaḥ puruṣaḥ | tathā prakṛtir api --- "anenāhaṃ dṛṣṭā" iti nivṛttā | ekā trailokyasyāpi pradhānakāraṇabhūtā na dvitīyā prakṛtir asti | nartaky api --- "aham anena dṛṣṭā" ity uparamate nṛtyāt, evaṃ puruṣo 'pi "dṛṣṭā mayeyaṃ jñānacakṣuṣā prakṛtiḥ" iti prekṣakavad uparamate mokṣaṃ gacchatīty arthaḥ | tathā prakṛtir api dṛṣṭāham aneneti svavyāpārād uparamaty eva | atrāha --- puṃprakṛtyoḥ sarvagatatvāt sarvaniṣedho na śakyate vaktum | tad asya saṃsārasargasya vinivṛttir eva | tat katham idaṃ sādhanaṃ samīcīnam iti | atrocyate --- sati saṃyoge 'pi tayoḥ prayojanaṃ nāsti sargasyeti | yady api pradhānapuruṣayoḥ sarvagatayoḥ saṃyogo bhavaty eva | tasmiṃś ca sati sargasambhavas tathāpi nāsau sargaḥ syāt prayojanābhāvāt | yasmāt pradhānasya puruṣārthā pravṛttiḥ | sa ca puruṣārtho dvividhaḥ | śabdādyupalabdhir ādir guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhir antaś ca | brahmādisthāvarānteṣu puruṣaḥ śabdādibhir viṣayair yojayitavyaḥ | ante ca guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhyā mokṣayitavyaḥ | evaṃ puruṣadarśanārthaṃ samprayogaḥ kṛtaḥ | evaṃ prakṛtipuruṣayos tayoḥ śarīrotpattir nāsti punaḥ ṛṇikadhāriṇakavad yatheha loke ṛṇikadhāriṇakau uttamādhamarṇau devadattayajñadattau yo 'smin ṛṇaṃ dhārayati sa uttamarṇas tenādhamarṇāktaḥ --- "ṛṇaṃ me dehī" iti | tatas tena taddattam | tatas tau kṛtaprayojanau parasparam arthena santyaktāv atha tayor bhūyaḥ saṃyogo bhavati | tathāpi nārthakṛtyaṃ prayojanābhāvāt | yathā vā vṛddhasaṃyogād apatyaṃ na bhavati, prayojanābhāvāt | tathā pradhānapuruṣayoḥ kṛtaprayojanayoḥ prayojanaṃ nāstīti siddham

kiñ cānyat, yadi puruṣasyotpanne jñāne mokṣas tarhi mama kasmān na bhavati | ata ucyate ---
samyagjñānādhigamād dharmādīnām akāraṇaprāptau /
tiṣṭhati saṃskāravaśāc cakrabhramavad dhṛtaśarīraḥ

yadā puruṣeṇa pañcaviṃśatitattvajñānam adhigataṃ bhavati tadā dharmādīny akāraṇāni prāptāni punarjanmasamarthāni na bhavanti | ko dṛṣṭāntaḥ --- yatheha (p.89) loke bījāny agnidagdhāni na prarohasamarthāni bhavanti | dharmo yeṣām ādis tāni dharmādīni teṣām akāraṇānāṃ prāptir akāraṇaprāptiḥ | tathā satyāṃ punarjanma na bhavati | atrāha --- yadi samyagjñānān mokṣo bhavati tatrācāryasyopadeṣṭuḥ samyagjñānam utpannaṃ kimarthaṃ mokṣaṃ na gato 'sti, atha vā tvatprasādāt tajjñānaṃ mamāpi sañjātaṃ kim ahaṃ mokṣaṃ na gacchāmi | atrocyate --- tiṣṭhati saṃskāravaśāt | saṃskāro nāma dharmādharmau nimittaṃ kṛtvā śarīrotpattir bhavati tiryaṅmanuṣyadevādiṣu | tasya saṃskāreṇa grahaṇam | sa ca saṃskāraḥ phalam adattvā kṣayaṃ na gacchati, utpannajñānasyāpi tasmād idaṃ śarīraṃ vināśaṃ yāsyati | tannimittābhāvād idaṃ śarīraṃ patiṣyati | yathā ca vidvān mokṣaṃ yāsyati | tasmāt hetor utpannajñānasyāpi dharmādharmavaśāt tiṣṭhati śarīram | ko dṛṣṭāntaḥ? atrocyate --- cakrabhramavad dhṛtaśarīraḥ | yathā kulālaś cakraṃ bhramayati ghaṭaṃ kariṣyāmīti | sa kulālo ghaṭaṃ kṛtvā yathā svastho bhavati, avatiṣṭhate | yasmiṃś cāvatiṣṭhamāne cakraṃ bhramaty eva | saṃskāravaśāt --- karmavaśād ity arthaḥ | evam eva pūrvakṛtayor dharmādharmayor balavattvād durbalatvāj jñānasya, utpanne 'pi jñāne vidvāṃs tiṣṭhati saṃskāravaśāc cakrabhramavad dhṛtaśarīraḥ

atrāha --- utpannajñānaḥ phalanirapekṣaṃ karma nirbījaṃ kurvan na deham ārabhate, ārabdhaphalaṃ yāvat janmadāyi "nābhuktaṃ kṣīyate karma" "avaśyam eva bhoktavyaṃ kṛtam" iti kṣapayan, anārabdhaphaleṣu "yathaidhāṃsi samiddho 'gniḥ(bhagavadgītā 4 |37)" iti parihāreṇa bhasmīkaraṇam | evaṃ karmaṇāṃ dhvaṃse, utpanne jñāne 'pi kadā vidvān mokṣaṃ gacchatīti? atrocyate ---
prāpte śarīrabhede caritārthatvāt pradhānavinivṛttau /
aikāntikam ātyantikam ubhayaṃ kaivalyam āpnoti

tad evaṃ sati śarīrabhede dehanāśe prāpta āyāta ity arthaḥ | caritārthatvāt | sa cārtho dvividhaḥ (śābdātmikaḥ) pūrvam uktaḥ | tasyārthasya caritārthatvāt kṛtvety arthaḥ | pradhānavinivṛttau | yadā pūrvakṛtayor dharmādharmayoḥ kṣayo bhavati tadā śarīraṃ bhidyate | tasmiṃś ca śarīre bhinne pūrvoktena jñānena śarīraṃ pradhānākhyaṃ kāraṇam aviśeṣamayaṃ tānmātrikaṃ sargādāv utpannaṃ tan nivartate | iha śarīre yat pārthivaṃ tat prthivīṃ praviśati | evam anyad anyeṣu praviśati | evaṃ sthūlaṃ śarīraṃ pañcadhā bhidyate | pradhānaṃ ca kṛtaprayojanaṃ bhūyo 'nyat(p.60) śarīraṃ dvitīyaṃ nārabhate viduṣaḥ | evam ayaṃ vidvān tasmin śarīre bhinne --- aikāntikam ātyantikam ubhayaṃ kaivalyam āpnoti | aikāntikam avaśyambhāvitvād ātyantikam apunarāvṛttitvāt sarvathety arthaḥ | na tv auṣadhādivat kādācitkaroganivṛttivat | na ca nivṛtte roge punaḥ sambhaved ity ubhayodāharaṇam aikāntikātyantikayoḥ | ittham ekāntātyantas tāpatrayasyābhāvād uparamād anutpatteḥ kaivalyaṃ mokṣa ity arthaḥ | tam āpnoti

atrāha --- kiṃprayojanam idaṃ jñānam ucyate | atrocyate ---
puruṣārthajñānam idaṃ guhyaṃ paramarṣiṇā samākhyātam /
sthityutpattipralayāś cintyante yatra bhūtānām

yaś cāsau puruṣārtho mokṣas tadarthaṃ puruṣavimokṣārthaṃ jñānam idam iti | yad etat pūrvavarṇitaṃ jñānaṃ etad guhyaṃ durvijñeyam ity arthaḥ | paramarṣiṇā kapilena samākhyātaṃ kathitam ity arthaḥ | atrāha --- asmin jñāne ke 'rthāś cintyante | atrocyate --- sthityutpattipralayāḥ tatra devādīnām aṣṭau sthānāni bhavanti | mānuṣyaṃ caikavidham, bhūloke pañcavidhaṃ tairyagyonam | eṣu sthāneṣu brahmādīni tiryagyoniparyantāni tiṣṭhanti | eṣā sthitiḥ | utpattiṃ prādurbhāvaṃ pradhānān mahadahaṅkāratanmātrendriyamahābhūtānīty utpattiḥ | evaṃ bhūtotpattir bhāvotpattiś ca vyākhyātā | layaṃ vakṣyāmaḥ --- bhūtāni tanmātreṣu līyante, tānīndriyeṣu, indriyāṇi līyante cāhaṅkāre, sa buddhau, sā pradhāne layaṃ gacchati | pradhānaṃ tu kvacin na līyate 'vikṛtatvāt | evaṃ pralayaḥ

atrāha --- yad etad bhagavatā vyākhyātaṃ pañcaviṃśatitattvajñānam, tasya kuta āgama iti? atrocyate ---
etat pavitryam agryaṃ munir āsuraye 'nukampayā pradadau /
āsurir api pañcaśikhāya tena ca bahulīkṛtaṃ tantram

(p.61)
etat vijñānam adhikurute | etat pavitraṃ, kathaṃ pavitram? | yasmān narakapretatiryagyoniṣu patanāt trāyate tasmāt pavitram | agryaṃ śraiṣṭhyāt | vedapurāṇabhāratam anvādibhyo 'pi dharmaśāstrebhya etat pañcaviṃśatitattvajñānam uttamam | kasmāt? aikāntikatvāt, ātyantikatvāc ca | ato duḥkhābhāvaś ca | munir bhagavān kapilaḥ āsurisagotrāya brāhmaṇāya varṣasahasrayājine 'dhikāritām avagamya (asmai) pradadau | tadanukampayā tadvimokṣārtham | andhe tamasy ajñāne 'yaṃ tapasvī vartata ity utpannayānukampayā | munir mananāt | bhagavān bhūtānāṃ gatim āgatiṃ ca vidann anati calatīti bhagavān kapilaḥ | pratyupakārānapekṣasarvopakārī suhṛd ity artham avalambyovāca | tad eva jñānaṃ bhūya āsurisagotro 'nukampayā pañcaśikhāya provāca | pañcaśikhena tena bahudhākṛtaṃ tantram | bahūnāṃ śiṣyāṇāṃ pradattam