Sāṃkhyakārikā with Māṭhara's commentary Māṭharavṛtti (with commentary) · Verses 51-60

idānīṃ siddhayo vyākhyāyante ---
ūhaḥ śabdo 'dhyayanaṃ duḥkhavighātatrayaṃ suhṛtprāptiḥ /
dānaṃ ca siddhayo 'ṣṭau siddheḥ pūrvo 'ṅkuśas trividhaḥ

tatra ūho nāma yathā kaścic cintayati, kiṃ paraṃ yāthātmyam, kiṃ niḥśreyasam, kiṃ kṛtvā sukhaṃ prāpyate | evam asya cintayato jñānam utpadyate svataḥ śāstrato guruto vā | yat pradhānabuddhyahaṅkāratanmātrendriyabhūtāny anyāni, aham anya iti tato mokṣaṃ gacchati | eṣā ūhasiddhiḥ prathamā | caurasādhutadanugāmisvāmipathikasaṃyogādivat | prakṛtipuruṣaśiṣyagurukramajñānam | tad yathā grāmam ācchidya caurā yānti | tatsārthamadhye sādhur eko gacchati | tadanugāmī ca svāmī | caturthaḥ pathikas tadabhijñaḥ | pathikacauramadhye sādhur api cauraguṇāspṛṣṭo 'pi tadanugāminā cauratayā pratītas tādṛggaṇanāyāṃ (pratītaḥ) tadabhijñena pathikena svāmī sambodhito yad ahaṃ sarvaṃ jānāmi, amī caurā ayaṃ sādhur eva tatsārthānuvartīti | evaṃ caurasthānīyo buddhyahaṅkāratanmātrendriyabhūtasamavāyaḥ, sādhusthānīyaś ca puruṣaḥ, tadanugāmisthānīyaḥ śiṣyo, bhedena bodhyāḥ | pathikasthānīyo guruḥ | tasmāj jñānaṃ pratīkatrayeṇaivāvagamyate --- gurutaḥ śāstrataḥ, svata ity ūhasiddhiḥ prathamoktā | śabdo nāma yathā kasyacit paṭhataḥ (tam asya janaṃ) śabdaṃ śrutvānyat pradhānam anyo 'ham iti tanmārgapravṛttiprabuddho mokṣaṃ gacchati | evam eṣā dvitīyā siddhiḥ śabdata utpannā | kaścid gurūpāsanayā tato 'dhītyāvagamya sakalaṃ jñānam āpnoti, tṛtīyādhyayanasiddhiḥ sāṅkhyajñānam adhītya sañjātā | evam etās tisraḥ siddhayaḥ | śeṣā vyākhyāyante | duḥkhavighātatrayam iti | yathā kaścid ādāv abhihitādhyātmikādiduḥkhatrayeṇābhibhūto 'sya pratīkārāyohaṃ śabdam adhyayanaṃ vā pratipadya jñānam adhigamya mokṣaṃ yātīti duḥkhavighātāya yatrohāditrayam adhikurute tad api siddhitrayam | evaṃ ṣaṭ siddhayaḥ | kaścid durmedhā guroḥ sakāśān nāvadhārayati | tat kenacit pratyupakārānapekṣeṇa suhṛdā tasmāt saṃsārakūpād ujjihīrṣuṇā tadanukūlatayā kṛpāvatā sugamavacobhir vairāgyapūrvakaṃ guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhirūpaṃ sāṅkhyajñānam upadiśatā samuddhṛtam ālokyāha, (p.50) bhagavān śāstrakāraḥ --- suhṛtprāptir iti | te hi suhṛdas tathopadiśanti suhṛttayā yathā pāṣāṇo 'py avabudhyate | uktaṃ ca ---
"eṣā āturacittānāṃ mātrāsparśecchayā vibhuḥ /
bhavasindhuplavo dṛṣṭo yad ācāryānuvartanam" //
(bhāgavatapurāṇa 1 |6 |35)
eṣā saptamī siddhiḥ | kaścid āvāhanasaṃvāhanabhikṣāpātravastracchatrakamaṇḍaluprabhṛtidānena gurūn ārādhya sāṅkhyam adhigamya mokṣaṃ gacchatīty eṣāṣṭamī siddhir dānādibhir upāyair niṣpannā | āsām aṣṭānāṃ pūrvavannāmāntarāṇi | tāraṃ sutāraṃ tāratāraṃ pramodaṃ pramuditaṃ mohanaṃ ramyakaṃ sadāpramuditam iti | viparītā asiddhayaḥ | tad yathā atāram ityādyāḥ | tataś ca ekādaśendriyavadhāḥ, navānāṃ tuṣṭīnāṃ viparyayāḥ prakṛtyupādānakālabhāgyākhyānāṃ pañcaviṣayoparamatuṣṭīnāṃ ca | aṣṭānāṃ siddhīnāṃ viparyayā anūhādayaḥ | saptadaśa vadhā buddher evam ekādaśa saptadaśa cāṣṭāviṃśatibhedā aśakter abhidhīyante | evaṃ viparyayāśaktituṣṭisiddhīnām uddeśaḥ kṛta iti vākyaśeṣaḥ | siddheḥ pūrvo 'ṅkuśas trividhaḥ | yā ūhādyāṣṭadhā siddhis tasyā pūrvo viparyayāśaktituṣṭirūpo 'ṅkuśo niyāmakaḥ | trividhas triprakāra ity arthaḥ | yathāṅkuśena gṛhīto gajo vaśyo bhavati | evaṃ viparyayāśaktituṣṭirūpaṃ trividhaṃ pratyayasargaṃ hitvā siddhiḥ saṃsevyā, siddhes tattvajñānaṃ, tasmāc ca mokṣa iti tātparyam

atrāha --- bhagavatā uktaṃ pūrvasyām āryāyāṃ bhāvair adhivāsitaṃ liṅgaṃ saṃsarati | tatra kiṃ liṅgaṃ pūrvotpannam āhosvit bhāvā ity atrocyate --- liṅgaṃ tāvat sūkṣmaṃ tānmātrikaṃ śarīram anādikālotpannaṃ trayodaśavidhena karaṇena saṃyuktaṃ bhāvair adhivāsitaṃ saṃsarati | karaṇāni buddhyahaṅkāramanobuddhikarmākhyāni trayodaśa | evaṃ trayodaśavidhakaraṇam āśritya sūkṣmaśarīraṃ tānmātrikaṃ saṃsarati | śarīraṃ karaṇāni caitalliṅgam ity atrocyate | bhāvair adhivāsitam iti bhāvā dharmajñānavairāgyaiśvaryāṇi catvāraḥ sāttvikāḥ | viparītās tāmasāḥ | evam aṣṭau bhāvāḥ | tatra sandehaḥ | kiṃ liṅgaṃ pūrvotpannam, utasvid bhāvā iti | ucyate ---
na vinā bhāvair liṅgaṃ na vinā liṅgena bhāvanirvṛttiḥ /
(p.51)
liṅgākhyo bhāvākhyas tasmād bhavati dvidhā sargaḥ

liṅgena vinā bhāvo na bhavati bhāvaiś ca vinā liṅgaṃ na bhavati | yathāgninā vinā noṣṇatvam uṣṇatvaṃ vinā nāgniḥ | evam etayor liṅgabhāvayor yugapadutpattiḥ, goviṣāṇavat, kumārīstanavat | yatra liṅgaṃ tatra bhāvā yatra bhāvās tatra liṅgam | tasmād ucyate --- liṅgākhyo bhāvākhyaḥ | liṅgena ākhyāyate sa liṅgākhyaḥ | bhāvair ākhyāyata iti bhāvākhyaḥ | tasmād dvidhā sargo bhavati jāyate

atrāha --- kiṃ dvividha eva sargaḥ kiṃ tasmād anyas tṛtīyo 'py asti iti | atrocyate ---
aṣṭavikalpo daivas tairyagyonaś ca pañcadhā bhavati /
mānuṣyaś caikavidhaḥ samāsato bhautikaḥ sargaḥ

aṣṭavikalpo daiva iti | tad yathā --- brāhmaṃ prājāpatyam aindraṃ paitraṃ gāndharvaṃ yākṣaṃ rākṣasaṃ paiśācam ity evam aṣṭavidho devasargaḥ | tairyagyonaś ca pañcadhā bhavati | atra tulyaliṅgatvād bhavati paśupakṣimṛgasarīsṛpasthāvarāntaś ceti | mānuṣya ekavidhas tulyaliṅgatvād brāhmaṇāadicāṇḍālāntaḥ | samāsataḥ saṅkṣepeṇa trividho 'yaṃ bhūtamayaḥ sargaḥ | evaṃ caturdaśavidhaḥ

atrāha --- eteṣu triṣu sthāneṣu kataro guṇa utkaṭatvena vartate ---
ūrdhvaṃ sattvaviśālas tamoviśālaś ca mūlataḥ sargaḥ /
madhye rajoviśālo brahmādistambaparyantaḥ

ūrdhvaṃ sattvaviśāla iti | brahmādipiśācānto yo 'ṣṭavidhaḥ sargaḥ | asau sattvabahulaḥ | yasmāt teṣu sattvam utkaṭatvena vartate | tatrāpi rajastamasī staḥ kiṃ tu sattvasyodriktatā | tasmāt sukhaprāyā devāḥ | tamoviśālaś ca mūlataḥ | paśvādiṣu tamasa udrekāt paśvādisthāvaraparyanto yasmāt teṣu tama utkaṭatvena vartate tatrāpi gauṇatayā sattvarajasī staḥ | tasmāt te tamobahulāḥ | madhye rajoviśālaḥ | tatrāpi sattvatamasī staḥ | kiṃ tu raja utkaṭatvena vartate | tasmāt te duḥkhaprāyā manuṣyāḥ | brahmādistambaparyantaḥ | caturvidha eṣa svedajāṇḍajādinā bhūtasargaḥ

(p.52)
atrāha --- bhūtasarga utpanno bhāvasargaḥ sampanno liṅgasargaḥ sampanna iti yatra sargāḥ prādhānikā iti pradhānakāryaṃ samāptam iti | utpannās trayo lokāḥ pradhānaṃ coparatam utpādya lokān iti teṣu devamanuṣyatiryagyonigateṣu duḥkhaṃ ko 'nubhavati | kiṃ caturviṃśatitamaṃ pradhānam, āhosvit mahadāditrayoviṃśatikam, utasvit puruṣa iti? atrocyate ---
atra jarāmaraṇakṛtaṃ duḥkhaṃ prāpnoti cetanaḥ puruṣaḥ /
liṅgasyāvinivṛttes tasmād duḥkhaṃ samāsena

atra triṣu lokeṣv iti | devaloke, manuṣyaloke, tiryagyonau ca jarāmaraṇakṛtaṃ duḥkhaṃ prāpnoti cetanaḥ puruṣaḥ | tatra jarākṛtaṃ valīpalitair abhibhūtaḥ kāsaśvāsaiḥ parigṛhīto yaṣṭiviṣṭambhagāmī putrasnuṣādyabhibhūto yad duḥkham anubhavati taj jarākṛtam | maraṇakṛtam iti | aṣṭavidham aiśvaryam asti yat prāg abhihitam aṇimādi, daśa viṣayāḥ santi | devānāṃ pañcāviśeṣāḥ kevalasukharūpāḥ | manuṣyāṇāṃ saviśeṣās ta eva śabdādayaḥ sukhaduḥkhamohasampannāḥ | tanmaraṇapātāvasthāyāṃ yad duḥkham utpadyate tan maraṇakṛtam ity eva | evam etair duḥkhair antakāle ca janitaduḥkhāni sarvāṇi prāpnoti cetanaḥ puruṣa eva pradhānādīnām acetanatvāt | tasmāt tasyaiva vijñānitayā duḥkhaṃ na tu jaḍānāṃ pradhānādīnām | tarhi kiyantaṃ kālaṃ puruṣo duḥkham āpnoti | atrocyate --- liṅgasyāvinivṛtteḥ | yāvan mahadādiliṅgaṃ na nivartate tāvat kālaṃ puruṣo duḥkhabhoktā | tasmād duḥkhaṃ samāsena --- saṅkṣepeṇa prāpnoti cetanaḥ puruṣaḥ | yadā tu tat pratinivartate mahadādiliṅgaṃ jñānotpattyā tato mokṣaṃ prāpnoti | mokṣaṃ gatasya duḥkhaṃ nāsti | jñānena hi liṅgaṃ nivartate | yadā pratyekaṃ pradhānamahadahantanmātrendriyabhūtāny anyāni aham anya iti jñānaṃ tadā liṅgābhāvaḥ

prakṛteḥ kiṃ nimittam ārabhya ity atrocyate ---
ity eṣa prakṛtikṛto mahadādiviṣayabhūtaparyantaḥ /
pratipuruṣavimokṣārthaṃ svārtha iva parārtha ārambhaḥ

(p.53)
ity eṣa prakṛtikṛta iti | evamādir yaḥ pūrvam upavarṇito liṅgasargo mahadādibhūtaparyantaḥ, eṣa prakṛtikṛta iti | atrāha --- evaṃ liṅgasargaḥ pradhānena kimarthaṃ kṛta iti? atrocyate --- pratipuruṣavimokṣārtham | puruṣaṃ puruṣaṃ prati vimokṣas tadarthaṃ pratipuruṣavimokṣārtham | devalokagatānām, manuṣyalokagatānām, tiryagyonigatānāṃ ca mokṣārtham ity arthaḥ | svārtha iva parārtha ārambhaḥ | svakīyo 'rthaḥ svārthaḥ | ivopamāyām | yathā kaścit svārtham iva mitrārthaṃ karoti tathā svārtham iva pradhānaṃ puruṣārthaṃ karoti | sa cārtho dvividhaḥ | śabdādyupalabdhir ādir guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhir antaś ca | triṣu lokeṣu śabdādiviṣayaiḥ puruṣaṃ yojayati | ante ca guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhyā mokṣaṃ kurute

atrāha --- uktaṃ bhagavatā pradhānaṃ svārtham iva parārtham ārabhate | atha ca tvayā pradhānam acetanam uktaṃ tat kathaṃ pravartate | acetanānām api pravṛttir dṛṣṭā, nivṛttiś ca |
vatsavivṛddhinimittaṃ kṣīrasya yathā pravṛttir ajñasya /
puruṣavimokṣanimittaṃ tathā pravṛttiḥ pradhānasya

yathā tṛṇodakaṃ gavā bhakṣitaṃ pītaṃ ca kṣīrabhāvena pariṇamati, vatsavṛddhiṃ karoti, puṣṭe vatse nivartate | evaṃ puruṣavimokṣanimittaṃ pradhānasyājñasya pravṛttiḥ

autsukyanivṛttyarthaṃ yathā kriyāsu pravartate lokaḥ /
puruṣasya vimokṣārthaṃ pravartate tadvad avyaktam

yathā loka iṣṭaviṣayautsukye sati tasya nivṛttyarthaṃ kriyāsu gamanāgamanāsu pravartate kṛtakāryo nivartate | tathāvyaktaṃ puruṣasya vimokṣārthaṃ śabdādibhogalakṣaṇaṃ guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhilakṣaṇaṃ dvividhaṃ puruṣārthaṃ kṛtvā nivartate

kiñ cānyat ---
raṅgasya darśayitvā nivartate nartakī yathā nṛtyāt /
puruṣasya tathātmānaṃ prakāśya vinivartate prakṛtiḥ

yathā nartakī śṛṅgārādirasair hāvabhāvaiś ca nibaddhagītavāditranṛtyāni raṅgasya darśayitvā kṛtakāryā nṛtyān nivartate | evaṃ prakṛtir mahadahaṅkāratanmātrendriyabhūtabhāvena(p.54) devamānuṣatiryagrūpāsu yoniṣu sukhaduḥkhamohākṛtiḥ śāntaghoramūḍhaviṣayā satī ātmānaṃ puruṣasya prakāśya nivartate | tasyāṃ ca nivṛttāyām asau kevalaḥ puruṣo duḥkhatrayaṃ nānubhavati | yathā jalavāhakasya ghaṭābhāve tadādheyasyodakasyābhāvaḥ | tathā duḥkhābhāvaḥ | tato 'sau mokṣaṃ gacchati

atrāha --- yathā nartakī nṛtyādibhir upāyair ātmānaṃ prakāśya raṅgād vinivartate, evaṃ prakṛtiḥ puruṣasya kair upāyair ātmānaṃ prakāśya vinivartate? atrocyate ---
nānāvidhair upāyair upakāriṇy anupakāriṇaḥ puṃsaḥ /
guṇavaty aguṇasya satas tasyārtham apārthakaṃ carati

nānāvidhair upāyaiḥ | śabdasparśādibhir upakartuṃ śīlam asyāḥ sā tathoktā | anupakāriṇaḥ puṃsaḥ | niṣkriyatvād iti yāvat | tasyopakāriṇī prakṛtis tasyopakṛtyāham anyā tvam anya iti nivartate (prakṛtiḥ) | kiṃ cānyat --- guṇavatī | sā sattvarajastamomayī | aguṇasya sataḥ | puṃsaḥ niṣkriyodāsīnāmūrtādilakṣaṇavattvāt | evam asya puṃso 'guṇasyāpi sataḥ (nityasya) seyaṃ guṇavatī artham apārthakaṃ carati | karoti | yathā kaścid anurakto mitrasuhṛttvam avalambya mitrārtham anuktam api pratyupakāram anapekṣya kurute | evaṃ pradhānaṃ puruṣasya dvividham api viṣayopalabdhimokṣātmakam arthaṃ kurute | pumān punaḥ pradhānasya kim api na pratyupakaroti | tat pradhānapuṃsoḥ śikhipicchavadekapakṣacitranyāyaḥ