Sāṃkhyakārikā with Māṭhara's commentary Māṭharavṛtti (with commentary) · Verses 41-50

atrāha --- sūkṣmaśarīreṇa nāsti prayojanam | tarhi trayodaśavidhaṃ karaṇam eva kathaṃ saṃsaratīti? atrocyate ---
citraṃ yathāśrayamṛte sthāṇvādibhyo vinā yathā chāyā /
tadvad vināviśeṣais tiṣṭhati na nirāśrayaṃ liṅgam

ihāśrayāśrayiṇoḥ sambandho dṛṣṭaḥ | na hy āśrayaṃ vināśrayī tiṣṭhati | kuḍyāpaṭāśrayaṃ kṛtvā citram avatiṣṭhate | tad idaṃ sūkṣmaśarīraṃ kuḍyapaṭasthānīyaṃ citrasaṃsthānīyaṃ trayodaśavidhaṃ karaṇam | tad evaṃ sati yad uktaṃ bhavatā trayodaśavidhaṃ karaṇam eva saṃsaratīti tan mithyā | kiṃ cānyat --- sthāṇvādibhyo vinā yathā chāyā iti | sthāṇupuruṣādibhir vinā yathā chāyā na bhavati | chāyāṃ vinā te ca na bhavanti | yathāgninā vinā prakāśo na bhavati | tadvad vināviśeṣais tiṣṭhati na nirāśrayaṃ liṅgam iti | aviśeṣā iti tanmātrāṇi svābhāvikakṣīrajalavac śāntaghoramūḍhatvarahitatvāt | tair ārabdhaṃ sūkṣmaśarīram | tena sūkṣmaśarīreṇa sargādiprārabdhena vinā nirāśrayaṃ trayodaśakaraṇākhyaṃ liṅgaṃ na tiṣṭhati | ato yad uktaṃ bhavatā "kim aviśeṣair ārabdhasūkṣmaśarīrakalpanayā prayojanaṃ trayodaśavidhaṃ karaṇam ea saṃsarati" iti, tan mithyā

atrāha --- sūkṣmaśarīraṃ trayodaśavidhakaraṇasampannaṃ kena hetunā saṃsaratīti? atrocyate ---
puruṣārthahetukam idaṃ nimittanaimittikaprasaṅgena /
prakṛter vibhutvayogān naṭavad vyavatiṣṭhate liṅgam

puruṣārthaḥ kartavya iti pradhānasya tāvat pravṛttiḥ | sa cārtho dvividhaḥ | śabdādyupalabdhilakṣaṇo guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhilakṣaṇaś ca | śabdādyupalabdhir brahmalokādiṣu bhogāvāptir guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhir mokṣa iti | tasmād uktam --- puruṣārthahetukam idaṃ sūkṣmaśarīram iti | kiṃ cānyat --- nimittanaimittikaprasaṅgena(p.43) | tatra nimittaṃ dharmādyaṣṭavidham | tat purastāt vakṣyāmaḥ "dharmeṇa gamanam ūrdhvam" ityādi | prakṛtiḥ pradhānam | vibhutvaṃ prabhutvaṃ tasya yogāt(tadvibhutvayogāt) | yathā kaścid rājā prabhutvayogena svarāṣṭre yad yad icchati tat tat karoti | evaṃ pradhānam api prabhutvayogena mānuṣyaṃ vā daivaṃ vā tairyagyonyaṃ vā kurute | evaṃ sūkṣmaśarīraṃ trayodaśavidhena karaṇena saṃyuktaṃ hastinyā udara praviśya hastī bhavati | strīśarīraṃ praviśya manuṣyo bhavati | paśur bhavati | tasmāt naṭavad vyavatiṣṭhate liṅgam

atrāha --- ukta purā bhāvair adhivāsitaṃ liṅgaṃ sūkṣmaśarīraṃ saṃsarati | tat ke bhāvā iti? atrocyate ---
sāṃsiddhikāś ca bhāvāḥ prākṛtikā vaikṛtāś ca dharmādyāḥ /
dṛṣṭāḥ karaṇāśrayiṇaḥ kāryāśrayiṇaś ca kalalādyāḥ

trividhā bhāvāś cintyante | tatra kecit sāṃsiddhikāḥ, kecit prākṛtikāḥ, kecid vaikṛtāḥ | tatra sāṃsiddhikās tāvat --- yathā kapilasya bhagavataḥ paramarṣer ādisarge utpannasyeme catvāro bhāvāḥ sahotpannā dharmo jñānaṃ vairāgyam aiśvaryam iti | ete sāṃsiddhikā ucyante | prākṛtikā nāma brahmaṇaḥ putrāḥ kila sanakādayo babhūvuḥ | teṣām utpannakāryakāraṇānāṃ śarīravatāṃ ṣoḍaśavarṣāṇām evaite catvāro bhāvā akasmād evotpannā nidhidarśanavat | ete ca prākṛtikā bhāvā ucyante | vaikṛtikā yathā --- ācāryādimūrtim adhikṛtya utpannā vaikṛtikā ity ucyante | ācāryaṃ nimittaṃ kṛtvā jñānam utpadyate | jñānād vairāgyaṃ, vairāgyād dharmo, dharmād aiśvaryam | evam ete catvāro bhāvā asmadādiṣv api vartante | tad eva vaikṛtā ity ucyante | evam ete tridhā bhāvā vyākhyātā yair adhivāsitaṃ mahadādi liṅgaṃ saṃsarati | atrāha --- dharmo, jñānam, vairāgyam aiśvaryam, adharmo 'jñānam avairāgyam anaiśvaryam | evam ete 'ṣṭau bhāvāḥ kva vartante? pūrvarṣibhiḥ dṛṣṭāḥ karaṇāśrayiṇaḥ | karaṇāny(p.44) ucyante buddhikarmāntaḥkaraṇabhedāt trayodaśa | tāny āśrityāṣṭau bhāvāḥ pravartante | uktaṃ hi "adhyavasāyo buddhir dharmo jñānaṃ virāga aiśvaryam" ity evamādi | kiṃ cānyat --- kāryāśrayiṇaś ca kalalādyāḥ | yathā sūkṣmaśarīram utpattikāle mātur udaraṃ praviśati | mātuḥ rudhiraṃ pituḥ śukraṃ tasya sūkṣmaśarīrasyopacaya kurute | kalalabudbudaghanamāṃsapeśīgarbhakumārayauvanasthāvirādayo 'nnapānarasanimittā utpadyante | tatra ucyate --- "kāryāśrayiṇaś ca kalalādyā" iti | kalalagrahaṇaṃ virāganimittam

uktaṃ pūrvasyām āryāyāṃ "nimittanaimittikaprasaṅgena" "naṭavad vyavatiṣṭhate liṅgam" iti | tatra kiṃ nimittaṃ kiṃ ca naimittikam iti? atrocyate ---
dharmeṇa gamanam ūrdhvaṃ gamanam adhastād bhavaty adharmeṇa /
jñānena cāpavargo viparyayād iṣyate bandhaḥ

tatra dharmo nimittam | iha loke dharmaṃ yaḥ kurute tan nimittaṃ kṛtvā sūkṣmaśarīram ūrdhvaṃ gacchati | ūrdhvam ity aṣṭānāṃ devayonīnāṃ grahaṇam | tatra ādyaṃ brāhmam | prājāpatyam, aindraṃ, pitryaṃ, gāndharvaṃ, yākṣaṃ, rākṣasaṃ, paiśācam ity etāny aṣṭau sthānāni sūkṣmaśarīraṃ gacchati | tatra dharmo nimittam, ūrdhvagamanaṃ naimittikam | kiṃ cānyat --- gamanam adhastād bhavaty adharmeṇa | iha loke yamaniyamalakṣaṇo dharmas tadviparīto hy adharmaḥ, tenādharmeṇa sūkṣmaśarīram adhastād gacchati paśvādi | paśumṛgapakṣisarīsṛpasthāvaram iti pañcadhā tiryak sthāvarāntam | atrādharmo nimittam, adhogamanaṃ naimittikam | kiṃ cānyat --- jñānena cāpavargaḥ | yat pañcaviṃśatitattvajñānaṃ tena jñānena tatsūkṣmaśarīraṃ nivartate | paramātmāpavargaṃ prāpnoti mokṣaṃ gacchatīty arthaḥ | ato jñānaṃ nimittam apavargo naimittikaḥ | anyac ca viparyayād iṣyate bandhaḥ | kasya viparyayāt | jñānasya viparyayo 'jñānaṃ, tenājñānenāhaṃ darśanīyaḥ subhago 'haṃ bhoktāham iti manyate | tenājñānena manuṣyatiryagdeveṣv ātmānaṃ nibadhnāti | na mokṣaṃ gacchatīty arthaḥ | ato 'jñānaṃ nimittaṃ bandho naimittikāḥ | sa ca bandhas trividhaḥ | prakṛtibandho vaikārikabandho dakṣiṇābandhaś ceti | tatra prakṛtibandho nāmāṣṭāsu prakṛtiṣu paratvenābhimānaḥ | vaikārikabandho nāma brahmādisthāneṣu śreyobuddhiḥ | dakṣiṇābandho nāma gavādidānejyānimittaḥ | evaṃ caturvidhaṃ nimittanaimittikaṃ vyākhyātam

(p.45)
anyad apy evaṃvidham ucyate caturdhā ---
vairāgyāt prakṛtilayaḥ saṃsāro rājasād bhavati rāgāt /
aiśvaryād avighāto viparyayāt tadviparyāsaḥ

yathā kasyacid vairāgyam asti | (jitendriyo viṣayebhyo virakto na yamaniyamaparaḥ kevalam) na tu jñānam asti guṇapuruṣāntarākhyam | tenājñānena vairāgyapūrveṇa nāsti mokṣaḥ | kevalam aṣṭāsu prakṛtiṣu layo bhavati pradhānabuddhyahaṅkāratanmātreṣu | tatra līnam ātmānaṃ muktam ity avagacchati bhūyaḥ saṃsaraṇakāle saṃsarati triṣu lokeṣu śarīrotpattir bhavati | tatra vairāgyaṃ nimittaṃ prakṛtilayo naimittikaḥ | kiṃ cānyat --- saṃsāro rājasād bhavati rāgāt | yo 'yaṃ rājaso rāgo 'vairāgyaṃ yajñaṃ karoti, dānaṃ dadāti, amunāmuṣmin loke sukhaṃ me bhāvīti | tena rāgeṇa saṃsāro bhavati | brahmādisthāneṣu janma bhavati | tatra rāgo nimittaṃ saṃsāro naimittikaḥ | kiṃ cānyat --- aiśvaryād avighātaḥ yat pūrvam aiśvaryam aṇimādikam aṣṭavidhaṃ nirdiṣṭaṃ tasmād aiśvaryāt prārthitānām avighāto bhavati na muktiḥ | avighāto 'skhalanam | viparyayāt tadviparyāsaḥ | viparyayād anaiśvaryāt tadviparyāsaḥ prārthitānām aprāptir ity arthaḥ | tatrānaiśvaryaṃ nimittam | prārthitasyāprāptilakṣaṇo viparyāso naimittikaḥ | evaṃ ṣoḍaśako nityanaimittikaprasaṅgo vyākhyātaḥ | prakṛtilayaḥ prakṛtibandha ity ucyate | yajñādibhir dakṣiṇābandha ity ucyate | aiśvaryādinimitto bhogo vaikārika ity ucyate

nanu nimittanaimittikaprasaṅgaḥ kimātmaka iti? atrocyate ---
eṣa pratyayasargo viparyayāśaktituṣṭisiddhyākhyaḥ /
guṇavaiṣamyavimardena tasya bhedās tu pañcāśat

eṣa iti | āryādvayena ṣoḍaśavidho naimittikaḥ sarga uktaḥ | pratyayasarga ucyate | pratyayād buddher utpanno yasmāt tasmāt pratyayasarga ity ucyate | uktaṃ hi purastāt "adhyavasāyo buddhiḥ" ityādi | so 'yaṃ pratyayasargo bhūyaś caturdhā bhidyate | yasmād āha --- viparyayāśaktituṣṭisiddhyākhyaḥ | saṃśayabuddhir viparyayaḥ sthāṇur ayaṃ puruṣo veti | bhūyo 'pi sthāṇuṃ prasamīkṣya na śaknoty antaraṃ gantum evam asyāśaktir utpannā | tatas tṛtīyaḥ tam eva sthāṇuṃ(p.46) jñātuṃ saṃśayituṃ vā necchati kim anenāsmākam ity eṣā tuṣṭiḥ | bhūyaś caturtho (dṛṣṭe yas tasmin) sthāṇvādirūḍhāṃ vallīṃ paśyati śakuniṃ vā | tato 'sya niścaya utpadyate sthāṇur ayam ity eṣā siddhiḥ | evam eṣa pratyayasargo bhinnaś caturdhā viparyayāśaktituṣṭisiddhyākhyaḥ | tasya caturvidhapratyayasargasya guṇavaiṣamyavimardena pañcāśat bhedā bhavanti | sattvarajastamāṃsi trayo guṇās teṣāṃ vaiṣamyaṃ tadvimardena | yadā sattvam udriktaṃ tadā rajastamasī gauṇe | yathādityodayān nakṣatratejaso gauṇatvam | evaṃ yadā rajasā sattvatamasī, tamasā sattvarajasī gauṇe tadā tadvimardo bhavati | tena vimardena tasya caturvidhasya pratyayasargasya pañcāśad bhedā bhavanti

tān āha ---
pañca viparyayabhedā bhavanty aśakteś ca karaṇavaikalyāt /
aṣṭāviṃśatibhedā tuṣṭir navadhāṣṭadhā siddhiḥ

sugamam

viparyayasya ca tamo moho mahāmohas tāmisro 'ndhatāmisra iti pañca bhedāḥ | teṣāṃ bhedāntarāṇy āha ---
bhedas tamaso 'ṣṭavidho mohasya ca daśavidho mahāmohaḥ /
tāmisro 'ṣṭādaśadhā tathā bhavaty andhatāmisraḥ

tamasas taqavad aṣṭavidhā prakṛtiḥ | tadvastu malayatīti tamaḥ | tasya param aṣṭāsu prakṛtiṣu layo bhavati | tad yathā pradhānaṃ buddhir ahaṅkāraḥ pañcatanmātrāṇīty eteṣu | tatra līnam ātmānaṃ mukto 'ham iti manyate | sa ca tasya viparyayaḥ | evaṃ tamaso 'ṣṭadhā bhedaḥ | mohasya ca aṣṭavidha evety arthaḥ | yattadaṇimādyaṣṭavidham aiśvaryam uktaṃ tasmin saktā brahmādayo devatā na mokṣapadam icchanti | tasyaiśvaryasya śubhakarmaṇopāttasya kṣaye punaḥ saṃsaranti | ayam aṣṭavidho mohasyāpi bhedaḥ | mahāmohasya daśavidho bhedaḥ | devānāṃ śabdādayaḥ pañcatanmātrākhyā viṣayā aviśeṣāḥ kevalānandarūpā nirupādhidugdhavac chāntādisañjātasukhādivirahitā ye bhavanti svargaprāptau | evaṃ manuṣyāṇāṃ bhautikaśarīratayā sukhaduḥkhamohasampannāḥ śāntaghoramūḍhā bhavantīty eṣa daśavidho mahāmohaḥ | tad eteṣu daśasu brahmendrādayo devā manuṣyāś(p.47) ca tiryagyonyāsaktāś ca dṛśyante | tena hi viṣayebhyaḥ param astīti mūḍhavijñānās tadāsaktyā guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhirūpaṃ nityaniratiśayasukhābhivyaktaye jñānāvabodhaṃ na kurvantīty eṣa mahāmohaḥ | tenāmī te muktiṃ na bhajante | tāmisro 'ṣṭādaśadheti | devamanuṣyāṇāṃ daśa viṣayāḥ prāg abhihitā aviśeṣasaviśeṣatayā | aṇimādyaiśvaryaṃ cāṣṭaguṇam evam aṣṭādaśadhā bhavati | tebhyaḥ kenacid vaiguṇyenāprāptyābhihitasya yaḥ krodhaḥ sa tāmisra ity ucyate | tathā aṣṭādaśadhā cety arthaḥ | andhatāmisro 'pi bhavati tatsaṅkhya eva | tathā evam aṣṭādaśadhātrāpi | teṣu ca maraṇatrāsād duḥkham utpadyate | aiśvarye vidyamāna aiśvaryaṃ parityajya mṛtyunā hriyamāṇasya gacchāmīti saṅkalpayato yas trāsaḥ so 'ndhatāmisra ity ucyate daśa viṣayānaiśvaryaṃ prāpyāpi bhoktuṃ na labhate 'ntarāle 'pi mriyata iti yāvat | evam amī viparyayasya tamaḥprabhṛtayaḥ pañca bhedā vibhidyamānā dviṣaṣṭibhedāḥ sañjātāḥ | ata ūrdhvam aśakter aṣṭāviṃśatibhedān vakṣyāmaḥ

ekādaśendriyavadhāḥ saha buddhivadhair aśaktir uddiṣṭā /
saptadaśa vadhā buddher viparyayāt tuṣṭisiddhīnām

ekādaśendriyavadhāḥ āndhyabādhiryaghrānapākajaḍatvakuṣṭhatvamūkatvakuṇitvapaṅgutvagudāvartaklaibyonmādā ity ekādaśendriyavadhāḥ | indriyāṇāṃ svaviṣayagrahaṇāsāmarthyaṃ vadha iva vadhaḥ | yatheha loke kaścid devadatto yajñadattam āhūya abravīt --- bho duḥkhito 'smi kiṃ karavāṇīti | sa tenoktaḥ sāṅkhyajñānādhigamaṃ kuruṣva duḥkhāntamokṣaṃ prāpsyasīti | evam ukto 'sāv āha --- nāham etad abhyāsaṃ kartum alam | bādhiryāt guruvacanaṃ na śṛṇomi, śuśrūṣāyām asamartho 'smi | āndhyakuṇitvapaṅgutvādidoṣāśrayatvāt kuto mama jñānādhigama iti | evam evāndhyamūkatvonmādāda indriyopaghātā vidyāgrahaṇe asamarthā boddhavyāḥ | evam ete ekādaśendriyavadhā aśaktir ucyante | kiñ ca --- saha buddhivadhair iti | buddher vadhā buddhivadhās taiḥ saha | ke te buddhivadhāḥ? saptadaśasaṅkhyāḥ | te ca saptadaśāpi --- nava tuṣṭibhedā aṣṭau siddhayaḥ | tannirūpaṇaprastāve vyākhyāsyāmaḥ

(p.48)
tatra navadhā tuṣṭim āha ---
ādhyātmikyaś catasraḥ prakṛtyupādānakālabhāgyākhyāḥ /
bāhyā viṣayoparamāt pañca nava ca tuṣṭayo 'bhihitāḥ

ātmany adhikṛtya pravartante tāś catasras tuṣṭayaḥ | prakṛtituṣṭir upādānatuṣṭiḥ kālatuṣṭiḥ bhāgyatuṣṭiś ceti | yathā kaścit prakṛtimātraṃ vetti, na tu jānīte saguṇāguṇatvanityānityatvacetanācetanatvasarvagatatvadharmān asyāḥ kevalaṃ prakṛtyastitvamātrajñānenāhaṃ jānāmīti tuṣṭaḥ pravrajitas tasya nāsti mokṣaḥ | eṣā prakṛtituṣṭiḥ | kaścit tridaṇḍakuṇḍikākṣamālākṛṣṇājinopādānamātreṇaivāhaṃ mukta ity abhimānī brūte | tena mama mokṣo bhāvīti | etāvanmātreṇa tuṣṭo jñānādhigame na pravartate | tasyāpi na mokṣa ity eṣā upādānatuṣṭiḥ | kaścid evaṃ brūte kālena svayaṃ mokṣo bhāvī kiṃ tattvavijñāneneti | jñāne pravṛttyaiva tuṣṭaḥ | tasyāpi na mokṣa iti kālatuṣṭiḥ | kaścid eva mahābhāgyenaiva mukto bhavati | tasmāj jñānam asādhakaṃ mukteḥ syād iti tāvatā tuṣṭaḥ tasya na mokṣa eṣā bhāgyatuṣṭiḥ | evam etā ātmany adhikṛtya jāyante ity ādhyātmikyaś catasras tuṣṭayaḥ | bāhyās tu pañca tuṣṭayaḥ | pañcānāṃ viṣayāṇām uparamād bhavanti, arjanarakṣaṇakṣayātṛptihiṃsādoṣān bhāvayataḥ pañca | evam ubhayatra nava tuṣṭayaḥ | tatrārjanaṃ nāma viṣayāṇāṃ tadarthaṃ kṛṣipāśupālyādivyavasāyaduḥkham avadhārya tebhya evoparatas tuṣṭiṃ labhate | eṣā pañcamī tuṣṭiḥ | arjitānām api rājacaurādibhyo duḥkhaṃ viṣayāṇāṃ rakṣaṇaṃ kartuṃ tasmān na viṣayaiḥ kāryam ity uparatas tuṣṭiṃ labhate, sā ṣaṣṭhī tuṣṭiḥ | rakṣaṇe 'pi kṛta upabhujyamānās te kṣīyanta iti na taiḥ kāryam ity uparatas tuṣṭiṃ labhate, eṣā saptamī | tathārjanakṣayādipratīkārair api kṛtair nāstītīndriyāṇāṃ vaitṛṣṇyam, tasmān na taiḥ kāryam ity uparatasyāṣṭamī tuṣṭiḥ | proktānāṃ pratīkāre kṛte 'py arjanādipravṛttena hiṃsām antareṇa bhūtoparodhaṃ vināmī na prāpyante tasmān na taiḥ kāryam ity uparataḥ tuṣṭiṃ labhate | eṣā navāmī tuṣṭiḥ | evam etāḥ pañca bāhyās tuṣṭayaḥ | ubhayaṃ nava bhavanti | (evam etābhis tuṣṭibhir jñānaṃ vinā mokṣo 'stīti kevalena vairāgyeṇa tuṣṭaḥ |) āsāṃ navānām api tuṣṭīnāṃ granthāntare saṃjñāntarāṇi | tad yathā --- (p.49) ambhaḥ salilam ogho vṛṣṭiḥ tāraṃ sutāraṃ sunetraṃ sumarīcam uttamāmbhasikam iti | āsāṃ viparītā atuṣṭayo 'nambha ityādyāḥ | evaṃ tuṣṭyatuṣṭayo vyākhyātāḥ