Sāṃkhyakārikā with Māṭhara's commentary Māṭharavṛtti (with commentary) · Verses 11-20

evam anayāryayā vyaktāvyaktayor vaidharmyam abhihitam | sādharmyam ucyate ---
triguṇam aviveki viṣayaḥ sāmānyam acetana prasavadharmi /
vyaktaṃ tathā pradhānaṃ tadviparītas tathā ca pumān

triguṇaṃ vyaktaṃ mahadādi | pradhānam api triguṇam | kāraṇānugatatvāt kāryasya | yathā kṛṣṇatantuḥ kāraṇaṃ paṭaḥ kāryam api kṛṣṇam eva bhavati | triguṇena kāryeṇāsya kāraṇam api triguṇaṃ bhavatīti pradhānaṃ sādhyate | kiṃ cānyat --- aviveki vyaktam | amī guṇā idaṃ vyaktam iti vivektuṃ na pāryate, tathā pradhānam api idaṃ pradhānaṃ amī guṇā iti na śakyate pṛthak kartum | kiṃ ca --- viṣayo vyaktaṃ mahadādi | sukhaduḥkhamohatayā bhogyaṃ tat puruṣasya | sa hi tasya bhoktā | tathā pradhānam api sarvapuruṣāṇāṃ kṣetrajñānāṃ bhogyam | sāmānyaṃ vyaktam | gaṇikāvat sarvapuruṣāṇām | tathā pradhānam(p.14) api | acetanaṃ vyaktam | sukhaduḥkhamohān na cetayati | tathā pradhānam api | prasavadharmi vyaktam | buddher ahaṅkāras tata indriyāṇi tanmātrāṇi ca tebhyo bhūtāni jāyante | evaṃ pradhānam api buddhiṃ prasūyate | uktam idaṃ vyaktāvyaktayoḥ sādharmyam | idānīṃ "tadviparītas tathā ca pumān" ity uktaṃ, tat pratipādayati | tābhyāṃ vyaktāvyaktābhyāṃ viparītaḥ | tayor yat sādharmyaṃ "triguṇam aviveki viṣayaḥ sāmānyam acetanaṃ prasavadharmi" ity uktam | tato 'sau viparīto vidharmī | aguṇo vivekī, aviṣayo 'sāmānyaḥ, cetano 'prasavadharmī ceti | vaidharmyam abhidhāya sādharmyam āha --- tathā ca pumān iti |
"hetumad anityam avyāpi sakriyam anekam āśritaṃ liṅgam /
sāvayavaṃ paratantraṃ vyaktaṃ viparītam avyaktam" //
(sāṅkhyakārikā 10) ity uktam |
tad yathā vyaktād visadṛśaṃ pradhānaṃ tathā pradhānasadharmā puruṣaḥ | tathā hi ahetumān nityo vyāpī niṣkriya eko 'nāśrito 'liṅgo niravayavaḥ svatantra iti

tatra triguṇa vyaktam avyaktaṃ ca nirguṇaḥ puruṣa ity uktam | kimātmakā guṇā ity atrocyate ---
prītyaprītiviṣādātmakāḥ prakāśapravṛttiniyamārthāḥ /
anyo 'nyābhibhavāśrayajananamithunavṛttayaś ca guṇāḥ

tatrāyaṃ samāsaḥ | prītiś cāprītiś ca viṣādaś ca te ātmā svarūpaṃ yeṣāṃ guṇānāṃ te bhavanti prītyaprītiviṣādātmakāḥ | teṣāṃ lakṣaṇam ucyate | tatra prītyātmakaṃ sattvam | ātmaśabdaḥ svabhāve vartate | kasmāt? sukhalakṣaṇatvāt | yo hi kaścit kvacit prītiṃ labhate tatra ārjavamārdavasatyaśaucahrībuddhikṣamānukampājñānādi ca tat sattvaṃ pratyetavyam | aprītyātmakaṃ rajaḥ | kasmāt? duḥkhalakṣaṇatvāt | yo hi kaścit kadācit kvacid aprītim upalabhate tatra dveṣadrohamatsaranindāstambhotkaṇṭhānikṛtivañcanābandhavadhacchedanāni ca tad rajaḥ pratyetavyam | viṣādātmakaṃ tamaḥ | kasmāt? mohalakṣaṇatvāt | yo hi kaścit kadācit kvacin moham upalabhate, tatrājñānamadālasyabhayadainyākarmaṇyatānāstikyaviṣādasvapnādi ca tat tamaḥ pratyetavyam |(p.15) kiṃ cānyat --- prakāśapravṛttiniyamārthāḥ | prakāśaś ca pravṛttiś ca niyamaś ca te arthā yeṣāṃ tathoktāḥ | tatra prakāśayitavyam iti sattvasya, pravartitavyam iti rajasaḥ, niyantavyaṃ saṃhartavyam iti tamasaḥ | kiṃ cānyat --- anyonyābhibhavāśrayajananamithunavṛttayaś ca guṇāḥ | tatrāpi samāsaḥ | anyonyābhibhavāś ca anyonyāśrayāś ca anyonyajananāś ca anyonyamithunāś ca yeṣāṃ guṇānām anyonyavṛttayaś ca vidyante tathoktāḥ | caśabdaḥ samuccaye draṣṭavyaḥ | prītyādayaś ca tāvat prāgabhihitāḥ | anyonyābhibhavāś ceti rajastamasor abhibhavāt śāntā vṛttir utpadyate sattvasya dharmādyā | sattvatamasor abhibhavād rajaso ghorā vṛttir utpadyate adharmādyā | sattvarajasor abhibhavāt tamaso mūḍhā vṛttir utpadyate ajñānādyā | kiṃ cānyat --- anyonyāśrayāś ca guṇāḥ | sattvaṃ hi pravṛttiniyamāv āśritya prakāśayati | rajaḥ prakāśaniyamāv āśritya pravartayati | tamaḥ prakāśapravṛttī āśritya niyamayati | tridaṇḍaviṣṭambhavad amī veditavyā iti | kiṃ cānyat --- anyonyajananāś ca guṇāḥ | anyonyaṃ janayanti | kadācit sattvaṃ rajastamasī janayati | kadācit tamaḥ sattvarajasī janayati | yathā saparikarakumbhakārādhiṣṭhito mṛtpiṇḍo ghaṭaṃ janayati tadvaj janayanti | anyonyaṃ bodhayantīty etat pratigṛhyate | yathā devadattayajñadattau parasparaṃ bodhayata | evaṃ buddhisthā guṇāḥ sattvarajastamāṃsi parasparaṃ bodhayanti | evam anyonyajanakā guṇāḥ | kiṃ cānyat --- anyonyamithunāś ca guṇāḥ | aviyogakadharmatvāt | evaṃ hy āhuḥ ---
"rajaso mithuna sattvaṃ sattvasya mithunaṃ rajaḥ /
ubhayoḥ sattvarajasor mithunaṃ tama ucyate" //
(devībhāgavatapurāṇa 3 |50)
kiṃ cānyat --- anyonyavṛttayaś ca guṇāḥ | anyonyasya vṛttiṃ janayanti | yathā kācit strī nayavinayavilāsalīlāvatī bhartur ātmano bandhuvargasya ca prītiṃ janayati | saiva sapatnīṣu duḥkhamohau janayati | evaṃ sattvena strībhūtena rajasas tamasaś ca vṛttir janitā | evam anyeṣv api yojyam

(p.16)
atrāha --- na khalu sattvarajastamāṃsi jātyantarāṇi | kutaḥ | svabhāveṣv avasthānāt | iha khalu rūpayauvanadākṣiṇyamatisādhutvasmṛtyugrabhāvābhāvalīlāvilāsasampannā strī sattvasya rūpam upadiśyate | sā ca bhartuḥ sukhāvahā bhavati, sapatnīnāṃ duḥkhāya rāgiṇāṃ mohāya ca | tathā kṣatriyā duḥkhapraharaṇakṛtāparādhāṃ dasyusenām abhinighnatī rajaso rūpam ity upadiśyate | tena ca dasyubhir upadrutānāṃ dāryamāṇānāṃ sukhāvahā bhavati | dasyūnāṃ duḥkhāya mohāya ca | tathā ghanāghano mahākṛṣṇo meghas toyādhmāto 'valambī grasamāna iva nabho bhūmiṃ cābhivardhamānaḥ sabalākaḥ savidyudgambhīrastanitas tamaso rūpam ity upadiśyate | sa ca karṣakāṇāṃ sajjīkṛtabījopakaraṇānāṃ sukho bhavati | sa evānācchāditaśaraṇānām anupārjitabhaktasnehalavaṇānām apraguṇitatṛṇakāṣṭhānāṃ proṣitavadhūnāṃ ca duḥkho mūḍhaś ca | tad evam avasthitasvabhāvatvād ekaṃ sattvarajastamāṃsi |
atrocyate jātyantarāṇy amūni trīṇi | lakṣaṇapṛthaktvavyavasthānāt | katham iti cet tad ucyate ---
sattvaṃ laghu prakāśakam iṣṭam upaṣṭambhakaṃ calaṃ ca rajaḥ /
guru varaṇakam eva tamaḥ pradīpavac cārthato vṛttiḥ

atra yat pūrvasyām āryāyām abhihitaṃ sattvalakṣaṇaṃ tal laghutvaprakāśakalakṣaṇaṃ ca | yadā sattvam utkaṭaṃ bhavati devadatte tadā laghūny aṅgāni, viśuddhānīndriyāṇi svaviṣayagrahaṇasamarthāni bhavanti | tadā mantavyam adya me sattvam utkaṭatvena vartate | iṣṭaṃ ca svarūpasādhanahetutvāt | upaṣṭambhakaṃ calaṃ ca rajaḥ | upaṣṭambhakaṃ prerakamunnāḍir ity arthaḥ | yathā mattavṛṣo vṛṣaṃ dṛṣṭvā uddhato bhavati tadvat | athavā garvaś calā kriyety arthaḥ | evaṃ yasmin devadatte yajñadatte vā raja utkaṭaṃ bhavati sa kalahaṃ mṛgayate | kiṃ cānyat calacittaś ca bhavati grāmaṃ gacchāmi striyaṃ kāmaye tapaḥ karomi ityādi | evaṃ nityam utsukamanā bhavati | etad rajolakṣaṇam | tama āha --- guru varaṇakam eva tamaḥ | yad gurutvam āvaraṇatvaṃ cāsti tat tamaḥ | yadā gurūṇy aṅgāni bhavanti | indriyāṇy alasāni svaviṣayagrahaṇāsamarthāni bhavanti | tadānīṃ mantavyam etat tama utkaṭatvena vartata iti | tasmāj jātyantarāṇy eva sattvarajastamāṃsi | yat punar abhyadhāyi --- strī kṣatriyā meghaś ceti | atra traye 'pi brūmaḥ | sattvaṃ rajastamasī āśritya svena rūpeṇāṅgāṅgibhāvaṃ gacchati | tasyāpakārād duḥkham utpadyate | evaṃ rajastamasī yojye | parasparaviruddhānāṃ guṇānāṃ katham ekā vṛttir bhavatīty atrāha --- parasparaviruddhāḥ(p.17) śatravo na hy ekam arthaṃ kurvanti | ime ca guṇāḥ parasparaviruddhā api puruṣārthaṃ kurvanti | kutaḥ | pradīpavac cārthato vṛttiḥ | pradīpena tulyaṃ pradīpavat | arthataḥ kāryavaśāt | parasparaviruddhānām apy amīṣāṃ vṛttir dṛṣṭā | yathā tailāgnivarttikāsaṃyogāt parasparaviruddhā api padārthāḥ saṃhatya ekam arthaṃ prakāśarūpaṃ niṣpādayanty evaṃ guṇā api parasparaviruddhāḥ saṃhatya puruṣārthaṃ kurvanti

atrāha --- ayam antaraḥ praśno hi | yad uktaṃ pūrvasyām āryāyāṃ "triguṇam aviveki viṣayaḥ sāmānyam acetanaṃ prasavadharmi | vyaktam --- "tat katham evaṃ jñāyate 'vyaktam api triguṇatvādiyuktam | atrocyate ---
avivekyādiḥ siddhas traiguṇyāt tadviparyayābhāvāt /
kāraṇaguṇātmakatvāt kāryasyāvyaktam api siddham

yo 'py ayam avivekyādir gaṇaḥ prasavadharmyantaḥ sa vyakte 'pi siddho 'vyakte 'pi siddhaḥ | kathaṃ gamyate | traiguṇyāt | yat triguṇaṃ tad aviviktam, yad aviviktaṃ tad viṣayaṃ, yad viṣayaṃ tat sāmānyaṃ, yat sāmānyaṃ tad acetanam, yad acetanaṃ tat prasavadharmi | tasmād avivekyādir guṇas traiguṇyād eva siddhaḥ | tadviparyayābhāvāt | iha hi yatra tantavas tatraiva paṭaḥ yatra paṭas tatraiva tantavaḥ, yas tantūn paśyati sa paṭaṃ paśyati, yo vā paṭaṃ paśyati sa tantūn paśyati | evam eva tantupaṭayor iva vyaktāvyaktayoḥ sambandhaḥ | dūre hi pradhānaṃ sannikṛṣṭe vyaktam | yo hi vyaktaṃ paśyati sa cāvyaktam api paśyati | yo vā yogī pradhānaṃ paśyati sa vyaktam api paśyati | tasmād viparyayābhāvād avivekyādigaṇena siddham avyaktam | itaś ca siddham | kāraṇaguṇātmakatvāt kāryasyāvyaktam api siddham | kāraṇasya guṇāḥ kāraṇaguṇās te ātmā svabhāvo yasya tadbhāvaḥ kāraṇaguṇātmakatvam | ātmaśabdaḥ svabhāve vartate | kāraṇaguṇasvabhāvatvāt kāryasya | iha loke yadātmakaṃ karaṇaṃ tadātmakam eva kāryam api bhavati | kāraṇānugatatvāt kāryasya | yathā kaṭunimbavṛkṣāt kaṭur eva raso bhavati madhurāc ca madhuro drākṣādirasaḥ | tasmād avivekyādigaṇena siddham avyaktam | tatra yad uktaṃ bhavatā tat(p.18) katham evaṃ jñāyate avyaktam avivekyādigaṇena yuktam iti tad evam eva tribhir hetubhiḥ pratipāditam | atrāha --- iha loke yan na vidyate tan nāsti | yathā dvitīyam anīśvaraśiraḥ, tṛtīyaḥ pāṇiḥ, śaśaviṣāṇaṃ, vandhyāputrikābhrūvilāsādayo vā | naiva tāvat pradhānapuruṣāv upalabhyete, tau kathaṃ hi sta iti gamyate | himavata upalagaṇaparimāṇaṃ nopalabhyate | kiṃ tan nāsti? evaṃ pradhānapuruṣāv anupalabhyamānāv apy upalabhyete hetubhiḥ | tāṃś ca hetūn upariṣṭād vakṣyāmaḥ

ta ucyante ---
bhedānāṃ parimāṇāt samanvayāc chaktitaḥ pravṛtteś ca /
kāraṇakāryavibhāgād avibhāgād vaiśvarūpyasya

asti pradhānam | kutaḥ? bhedānāṃ parimāṇāt | loke yatra kartāsti tasya parimāṇaṃ dṛṣṭam | yathā kulālaḥ parimitāt mṛtpiṇḍāt parimitam eva ghaṭaṃ kurute prasthagrāhakam āḍhakagrāhakaṃ vā | evaṃ vyaktaṃ parimitam | ekā buddhir eko 'haṅkāraḥ pañca tanmātrāṇi ekādaśendriyāṇi pañca mahābhūtāni iti trayoviṃśatikam | evam etat parimitaṃ vyaktaṃ dṛṣṭvānumānena sādhayāmo 'sty asya kāraṇaṃ pradhānaṃ yad vyaktaṃ parimitam utpādayati | yadi ca pradhānaṃ kāraṇaṃ na syān niṣparimāṇam idaṃ vyaktaṃ syāt | asti cāsya parimāṇaṃ tasmād asti pradhānam | itaś cāsti samanvayadarśanāt | kasya samanvayāt? bhedānām eva | asmād eva kāraṇāc śakalakapālamātrasamastasamanvayaḥ | bhūṣaṇādīn dṛṣṭvā tattvena darśayati | sāmānyaprakaraṇāl lokabhedānām ekaikajātisamanvayo dṛṣṭaḥ | teṣāṃ dharmo 'nvayaḥ, tasmāt samanvayadarśanāt paśyāmo 'sti pradhānaṃ kāraṇam iti | itaś cāsti --- śaktitaḥ pravṛtteś ca | iha yo yasminn arthe śaktaḥ sa tasminn eva pravartate | tad yathā kumbhakāro ghaṭaghaṭikāśarāvodañcavādikaraṇe śaktaḥ | ataḥ sādhayāmaḥ pradhānasyāpy asti śaktir yayā śaktyā vyaktam utpādayati | sā ca śaktir nirāśrayā na bhavati | tasmād asti pradhānaṃ yatra śaktir avatiṣṭhate | itaś cāsti --- kāraṇakāryavibhāgāt | karotīti kāraṇam, kriyata iti kāryaṃ, tayor vibhāgas tasmāt | tad yathā mṛtpiṇḍaḥ kāraṇaṃ ghaṭaḥ kāryam | sa eva(p.19) hi madhūdakapayaḥprabhṛtīnāṃ dhāraṇe samartho na tu mṛtpiṇḍaḥ | evaṃ vyaktāvyaktayor vibhāgaḥ | anyad vyaktaṃ mahadahaṅkāratanmātrendriyamahābhūtaparyantaṃ, tac ca kāryam | anyac ca avyaktaṃ pradhānaṃ viparītaṃ kāraṇam iti | tasmād asti pradhānam | itaś cāsti --- avibhāgād vaiśvarūpyasya | na vibhāgo 'vibhāgaḥ | viśvarūpasya bhāvo vaiśvarūpyam | bahurūpam ity arthaḥ | tasya | trailokyaṃ pañcasu mahābhūteṣv avibhāgaṃ gacchati | pañcamahābhūtāni tanmātreṣv avibhāgaṃ gacchanti | pañcatanmātrāṇy ekādaśendriyāṇi cāhaṅkāre | ahaṅkāro buddhau | sā ca pradhāne | itthaṃ trayo lokāḥ pralayakāle pradhāne 'vibhaktāḥ | prakarṣeṇa dhīyate sthāpyate atrākhilam iti pradhānam | tato hi sṛṣṭau sad evāvirbhavati | na hy asata utpattir na ca sato 'bhāvaḥ |
"nāsato vidyate bhāvo nābhāvo vidyate sataḥ" /
iti gītāsu(2 |16) | "sad eva somyedam agra āsīt"[chāndogyopaniṣad 6 |2 |1] iti śruteś ca | tad yathā --- dadhyādayaḥ prāk prasūteḥ kṣīre 'vibhaktāḥ santy eva | yady asata utpattis tadā kāṣṭhakhaṇḍād api ghaṭādyutpattiḥ syāt | yato na bhavati | tasmān mṛtpiṇḍe kāraṇe ghaṭādeḥ sata evotpattir iti samīcīnam | yathā jalabhūmyor etadrasagandhādivaiśvarūpyam avibhaktam asty eva sthāvarāṇāṃ jaṅgameṣu jaṅgamānāṃ sthāvareṣu | evaṃ jātyanucchedena sarvaṃ sarvātmakam iti

asti pradhānaṃ yatra mahadādiliṅgam avibhāgaṃ gacchati | ity evam avaśyambhāvī avibhāgaḥ paścād vibhāgaś cāvirbhavati tat pradhānam | atrocyate ---
kāraṇam asty avyaktaṃ pravartate triguṇataḥ samudayāc ca /
pariṇāmataḥ salilavat pratipratiguṇāśrayaviśeṣāt

kāraṇam asty avyaktam iti | tad evaṃ pañcabhir ebhir hetubhir jñāyate 'sti tatkāraṇam ekam asya jagato 'vyaktaṃ mūlam iti | atrāha yady ekaṃ pradhānaṃ kathaṃ tarhi anekaṃ kāryam utpādayati | tathā hi naikas tantuḥ paṭākhyaṃ kāryaṃ janayati | itthaṃ pradhānam ekam anekaṃ kāryaṃ janayatīti na jāghaṭīti | ataḥ samādhīyate --- pravartate triguṇataḥ | pradhāne hi sattvarajastamasām avasthānād bahutvasambhavaḥ | tasmāt triguṇataḥ pravartate tridhā vyavahāraḥ | samudayāc ca | yathā gaṅgāyāṃ srotāṃsi samuditāni gaṅgām ārabhante, yathā vā tantavaḥ samuditāḥ paṭaṃ kurvanti evaṃ sattvarajastamāṃsi trayo guṇāḥ samuditāḥ pradhānasthā vyaktaṃ kurvanti | atrāha --- iha loke dvividhaṃ kāraṇaṃ pariṇāmakatvād(p.20) apariṇāmakatvāc ca | tatrāpariṇāmakatvān mṛtpiṇḍadaṇḍasūtrodakavidalān paśyāmaḥ | pariṇāmataś ca kṣīraṃ dadhīti | tatra pradhānaṃ kathaṃ kāraṇam ity atrocyate --- pariṇāmataḥ | yathā kṣīraṃ dadhibhāvena pariṇamati, yad eva kṣīraṃ tad eva dadhi, evaṃ pradhānaṃ vyaktabhāvena pariṇamati | dadhivad vyaktaṃ kṣīravat pradhānam ity arthaḥ | yad evāvyaktaṃ tad eva vyaktam iti | tasmād ucyate pariṇāmataḥ pradhānaṃ kāraṇam iti | atrāha ko dṛṣṭāntaḥ? tad ucyate --- salilavat | yathā salilam ekaṃ himavad himabhāvena pariṇamati, yathā cekṣuraso rasikāṣaṇḍamatsarikāśarkarāphāṇitaguḍabhāvena pariṇamati | yathā vā kṣīraṃ drapsyadadhimastunavanītaghṛtāriṣṭakilāṭakūrcikādibhāvena pariṇamati | evam evāvyaktam ādhyātmikena buddhyahaṅkāratanmātrendriyabhūtabhāvena pariṇamati, ādhidaivikena śītoṣṇavātavarṣādibhāvena pariṇamati | atrāha --- ekasmāt pradhānād utpannās trayo lokāḥ kathaṃ viṣamāḥ? iha ye devās te sukhino manuṣyās te duḥkhinas tiryañco mūḍhāḥ | ekasmāt pradhānād utpannānāṃ trayāṇāṃ lokānāṃ kathaṃ vaiṣamyaṃ mūḍhatvādinety atrocyate --- pratipratiguṇāśrayaviśeṣāt | tad yathā --- ekarasam antarikṣād jalaṃ patitam | tac ca medinīṃ prāpya nānārasatāṃ yāti | pṛthagbhājanaviśeṣāt | evam ime trayo lokā ekasmād api pradhānād utpannā guṇavaiṣamyāt pṛthagbhāvaṃ gatāḥ | yathā deveṣu sattvam utkaṭaṃ tatas te sukhinaḥ, tatrāpi rajastamasī gauṇatayā staḥ | manuṣyeṣu raja utkaṭaṃ tatas te duḥkhitāḥ, teṣv api sattvatamasī staḥ | tiryagyonigateṣu tama utkaṭaṃ tatas te mūḍhāḥ | teṣv api sattvarajasī staḥ | evam ekasmād utpannānāṃ trayāṇāṃ lokānāṃ vaiṣamyaṃ bhavati

evaṃ dvābhyām āryābhyāṃ pradhānasyādhigamaḥ kṛtaḥ | ata ūrdhvaṃ puruṣasyādhigamaṃ kariṣyāmaḥ | atrāha --- kecid ācāryā iti manyante śarīrendriyabuddhyādivyatirikto nāsti paramātmā | api ca ---
etāvān eva puruṣo yāvad indriyagocaraḥ /
iti |
atrocyate --- śarīrendriyabuddhyādivyatirikta ātmā astīti | ko dṛṣṭāntaḥ? yathā asikośavat | muñjeṣīkāvat | uktaṃ ca ---
maśakodumbareṣīkāmuñjamatsyāmbhasāṃ yathā /
ekatve 'pi pṛthagbhāvas tathā kṣetrātmanor nṛpa //
(p.21)
evaṃ śarīrendriyabuddhyādibhiḥ kṣīranīravad ekībhūto 'pi tadvyatirikto 'sti paramātmā puruṣo 'pi | pradhānavat sūkṣmatvān nopalabhyate iti tadadhigamāya hetur abhidhīyate ---
saṅghātaparārthatvāt triguṇādiviparyayād adhiṣṭhānāt /
puruṣo 'sti bhoktṛbhāvāt kaivalyārthapravṛtteś ca

asti puruṣaḥ | saṅghātaparārthatvāt | yataḥ saṅghātaś ca parārthaḥ | tasmād hetoḥ | iha loke ye saṅghātās te parārthā dṛṣṭāḥ paryaṅkarathaśaraṇādayaḥ | evaṃ gātrāṇāṃ mahadādīnāṃ saṅghātaḥ samudāyaḥ parārtha eva | (tasmād asti nūnam anyonyādhiṣṭhito yadartho 'yaṃ saṅghāta iti saṅgatiḥ |) paryaṅkarathādayaḥ kāṣṭhasaṅghātāḥ | gṛhādayaḥ kāṣṭheṣṭakādisaṅghātāḥ | na hi te rathagṛhaparyaṅkādayaḥ kim api svārthaṃ sādhayanti | na vā parasparārthāḥ | kiṃ tv asty asau devadattādir yo 'smin paryaṅke śete rathena gacchati gṛhe nivasatīti | (cetasaḥ pratītyā) | evam amī mahadādayaś cakṣurādayo na svārthā na ca parasparārthāḥ, kiṃ tu parārthāḥ | yaś cāsau paraḥ sa cātmā | tasmād anumīmahe asti puruṣaḥ, yasyārthe cakṣurādisaṅghātaḥ śarīram utpannam iti | itaś cāsti --- triguṇādiviparyayāt | trayo guṇā yasya gaṇasyādau sambhavanti sa triguṇādiḥ | triguṇāder viparyayaḥ | tasmāt paśyāmo 'sti puruṣa iti | uktaṃ pūrvasyām āryāyāṃ triguṇam avivekītyādi vyaktapradhānasādharmyam | "tadviparītas tathā ca pumān" iti | aguṇavivekyaviṣayāsāmānyacetanāprasavadharmādiviparyayād ātmano 'stitvaṃ pṛthaktvaṃ ca siddham | ataś cāsti | adhiṣṭhānāt | na hy antareṇādhiṣṭhātāraṃ bhavati vastujātam | tad yatheha loke laṅghanaplavanadhāvanasamarthair aśvair yukto rathaḥ sārathinādhiṣṭhitaḥ pravartate | atha sārathinānadhiṣṭhitaḥ pravartate tataḥ śarīranāśaḥ syāt | na cātmavināśāya pravartate | api coktaṃ ṣaṣṭitantre --- "puruṣādhiṣṭhitaṃ pradhānaṃ pravartate" iti | tataḥ paśyāmo 'sau paramātmā asti puruṣo yenādhiṣṭhitaṃ pradhānaṃ mahadahaṅkāratanmātrendriyabhūtāny utpādayati | tasmād asti puruṣa iti | itaś cāsti --- bhoktṛbhāvāt | iha madhurāmlatiktalavaṇakaṭukaṣāyāḥ ṣaḍ rasāḥ | etaiḥ ṣaḍbhī rasair yuktaṃ bhojanaṃ dṛṣṭvā bhoktā sādhyate | asti bhoktā yasyedaṃ bhojanam | evam idaṃ vyaktāvyaktaṃ dṛṣṭvā sādhayāmo 'sty asau paramātmā puruṣo yasyedaṃ bhoktur vyaktāvyaktaṃ bhogyam iti | itaś cāsti --- kaivalyārthapravṛtteś ca | kevalabhāvaḥ kaivalyaṃ mokṣa ity arthaḥ | yā tasya pradhānasya pravṛttiḥ sā kaivalyārthā pravṛttiḥ pradhānasyeti

(p.22)
atrāha --- gṛhṇīmas tāvad ebhiḥ pañcabhir adhītair hetubhiḥ śarīravyatirikto 'sau puruṣo 'stīti | sa kiṃ sarvaśarīreṣv ekaḥ puruṣa āhosvit pratiśarīraṃ bhinnaḥ puruṣa iti | kutaḥ saṃśaya iti cec codaka ācāryavipratipatteḥ saṃśayaḥ | iha kecid ācāryā bhedavādina iti manyante --- eko 'yaṃ puruṣaḥ sarvaśarīreṣūpalabhyate maṇisūtravat | iha rasanāyāṃ yāvanto maṇayas teṣu sarveṣv ekam eva sūtraṃ pravartate | evaṃ maṇibhūteṣu śarīreṣu kim ekaḥ sūtrabhūtaḥ paramātmā | āhosvij jalacandravat puruṣa iti eka eva bahuṣu nadīkūpataḍāgādiṣv ivopalabhyate iti | ataḥ saṃśayaḥ kim ekaḥ puruṣo guṇasūtranyāyena āhosvid bahavaḥ puruṣāḥ | atrocyate --- bahavaḥ puruṣāḥ katham iti cet tad ucyate ---
janmamaraṇakaraṇānāṃ pratiniyamād ayugapatpravṛtteś ca /
puruṣabahutvaṃ siddhaṃ traiguṇyaviparyayāc caiva

janmamaraṇakaraṇānām iti | janmaniyamād iha kecin nīcajanmānaḥ, kecin madhyamajanmānaḥ, kecid utkṛṣṭajanmānaḥ | yadi punar ekaḥ puruṣaḥ syāt sa eva nīcakulotpannaḥ syāt sa eva utkṛṣṭakulotpannaḥ syāt | kasmāt? puruṣaikatvāt | asti cāyaṃ niyamaḥ, anye 'dhamā anya utkṛṣṭāḥ | tasmād bahavaḥ puruṣāḥ | ataś ca --- maraṇaniyamāt | maraṇe 'pi niyamo dṛṣṭo mama bhrātā mṛto mama pitā ca | tasmād bahavaḥ puruṣāḥ | apare punar itthaṅkāraṃ varṇayanti --- janmamaraṇaniyamāt | iha kaścit kadācin mriyate tadaiva paro jāyate | yady ekaḥ puruṣaḥ syāt tarhi ekasmin jāyamāne sarve 'pi jāyeran | na caivam | mriyamāṇe sarve mriyeran | na caivam | tasmād bahavaḥ puruṣāḥ | itaś ca paśyāmaḥ | karaṇaniyamāt | karaṇānīndriyāṇi śrotrādīni | iha loke kecid badhirāndhamūkādayaḥ | itare ca paṭutarakaraṇāḥ | ataḥ paśyāmo ya upahatendriyās te anye, ye cānupahatendriyās te cānye | tasmāt pratiniyatakaraṇatvād api paśyāmo 'neke puruṣā iti | itaś ca paśyāmaḥ | traiguṇyaviparyayāc caiva | caḥ samuccaye | pūrvoktair hetubhiḥ | asmāc ca hetor ity arthaḥ | ihaikasya brāhmaṇasya trayaḥ putrāḥ sabrahmacāriṇa ekenaiva ekasyāṃ bhāryāyāṃ jātāḥ | tatraikaḥ sāttviko medhāvī śuciḥ sukhī |(p.23) dvitīyo rājaso durmedhāvī duḥkhī | tṛtīyas tāmaso mūḍho nāstikaḥ | yady eke ātmā syād ekasmin sāttvike rājase tāmase vā sarve tathā syuḥ | na tathā bhavanti | ataḥ paśyāmo 'neke puruṣāḥ

atrāha --- ayaṃ saṃśayaḥ | kiṃ khalu kartā puruṣo 'sty āhosvid akarteti | kutaḥ saṃśaya iti cet, ācāryavipratipatteḥ | loke tāvat puruṣo gacchati dhāvati tiṣṭhati śocati, puruṣeṇedaṃ kṛtam iti vipratipattiḥ | evam ācāryā vedavādino bruvate | vaiśeṣikā api kartā iti mataṃ pratipannāḥ | ataḥ saṃśayaḥ | atrocyate --- akartā puruṣaḥ | katham iti cet tad ucyate ---
tasmāc ca viparyāsāt siddhaṃ sākṣitvam asya puruṣasya /
kaivalyaṃ mādhyasthyaṃ draṣṭṛtvam akartṛbhāvaś ca

tasmāc ca viparyāsād iti | kartṛkāraṇānāṃ ko viśeṣaḥ atrocyate | tad yathā kaścid yamaniyamarataḥ sāṅkhyayogācāryarato bhikṣur nagare prativasati | sa ca janādiṣu prativarṇāśramavihitāsu kriyāsu pravartamānānāṃ tannagaravāsināṃ sākṣimātro bhavati | ṛtuvaśāt śītoṣṇādīn āyātān anubhavati | tadvad ayaṃ nānāvasthe guṇavimarde vartamāno vaidharmyāt kṣetrajñaḥ sākṣimātraḥ syāt | evaṃ sākṣitvaṃ siddham asya puruṣasya | kevalabhāvaḥ kaivalyaṃ nāma tribhyo guṇebhyo 'nyatvam | yathāsau bhikṣuḥ kadācin nāgarāṇāṃ vivadatāṃ vaktā bhavati tvayā sādhukṛtam iti tvayāsādhv iti | kim evaṃ puruṣo bhavati | atrocyate --- mādhyasthyam | nāsya kenacit kṛtyam asti | udāsīno hy ayam | atrāha --- yady akartā tat kiṃ parakṛtānāṃ prayoktā | atrocyate --- kartṛbhāvaś ca dvividho hi, prayoktā kartā ca | atrodāsīnasya puruṣasya kartṛtvaṃ pratiṣiddhaṃ guṇalakṣaṇena

atrāha --- yady akartā puruṣaḥ adhyavasāyaṃ tarhi kiṃ karoti dharmaṃ kariṣyāmy adharmaṃ ceti | yadi guṇā adhyavasāyaṃ kurvanti tarhi teṣāṃ sacetanatvaṃ(p.24) syāt | amīṣāṃ cācetanatvam eva prāg upanyastam | atha puruṣo 'dhyavasāyaṃ kurute tadā tasya kartṛtvaprasaṅgaḥ | tasmād ubhayathāpi doṣa iti | atra samādhīyate nāyaṃ doṣaḥ | katham iti cet, tad ucyate ---
tasmāt tatsaṃyogād acetanaṃ cetanāvad iva liṅgam /
guṇakartṛtve 'pi tathā karteva bhavaty udāsīnaḥ

yasmāc cetanasvabhāvaḥ puruṣaḥ, tasmāt tatsaṃyogād acetanaṃ mahadādi liṅgam adhyavasāyābhimānasaṅkalpālocanādiṣu vṛttiṣu cetanāvat pravartate | ko dṛṣṭāntaḥ --- tad yathā anuṣṇāśīto ghaṭaḥ śītābhir adbhiḥ saṃspṛṣṭaḥ śīto bhavati | agninā saṃyukta uṣṇo bhavati | evaṃ mahadādi liṅgam acetanam api bhūtvā cetanāvad bhavati | tasmād adhyavasāyaṃ kurvanti guṇāḥ kāryādiṣu | yad apy uktam --- lokopacārāt kartā puruṣa iti | atra brūmaḥ --- guṇakartṛtve 'pi tathā karteva bhavaty udāsīnaḥ | atra dṛṣṭāntaś ca | kecit kila caurā grāmaṃ hṛtvā dravyaṃ gṛhītvā grāmāntaraṃ gacchanti kṛtakāryāḥ | taiḥ saha sārthena śrotriyo brāhmaṇaḥ panthānaṃ gacchati | tatpadānusāribhir ārakṣibhis te gṛhītāḥ | kṛtāparādhais taiḥ saha so 'pi brāhmaṇo gṛhītas tvam api caura iti | tad yathāsāv acauras tatsaṃsargadoṣeṇa cauratayā pratītas taiḥ | tathā sattvādayo guṇāḥ kartāras taiḥ saṃyuktaḥ puruṣo 'pi akartāpi kartā bhavati | kartṛsaṃsargāt karteva | paraṃ paramārthatayā akartā puruṣaḥ