Sāṃkhyakārikā with Māṭhara's commentary Māṭharavṛtti (with commentary) · Verses 1-10

|| śrīḥ ||
sāṅkhyakārikā
māṭharavṛttisahitā
sarvavidyāvidhātāram ādityasthaṃ sanātanam /
nato 'smi parayā bhaktyā kāpilaṃ jyotir īśvaram // 1 //
kapilāya namas tasmai yenāvidyodadhau jagati magne /
kāruṇyāt sāṅkhyamayī naur iha vihitā prataraṇāya // 2 //
namaskṛtya tu taṃ tasya vakṣye jñānasya kāraṇam /
hitāya sarvaśiṣyāṇām alpagranthasamuccayam // 3 //
duḥkhatrayābhighātāj jijñāsā tadabhighātake hetau /
dṛṣṭe sāpārthā cen naikāntātyantato 'bhāvāt

asyā āryāyā upodghātaḥ kriyate ---
sthānaṃ nimittaṃ vaktā ca śrotā śrotṛprayojanam /
sambandhādyabhidhānaṃ ca upodghātaḥ sa ucyate //
iha hi bhagavān maharṣiḥ sāṃsiddhikadharmajñānavairāgyaiśvaryasampanno bhagavataḥ purāṇapuruṣasyāvatāro jagadanujighṛkṣayā prajāpateḥ kardamasya putraḥ svāyambhuvasya manor duhitari devahūtyāṃ kapilo nāma babhūva | sa tena guṇapuruṣāntaropalabdhirūpeṇa jñānenāpārapāraṃ didarśiṣayā hastāvalambeneva, kālāhidandaśyamānajagataḥ sudhāmaṇineva, duścikitsyasya bhavavyādher apanayanāya samyagauṣadheneva, avidyāndhakārapradhvaṃsanapradīpeneva, muktimārgavirodhimohavṛkṣavivraścanakuṭhāreṇevāmunāvabodhena sampanno 'ndhe tamasi majjaj jagad idam adrākṣīt | tad avalokyāsya kāruṇyam udapādi | aho khalv idaṃ jagad anādikālasambaddhaṃ nisargād eva andhe tamasi vartata iti |
athāsau mahāyogī katham asya varākasya andhe tamasi vartamānasya viśvasyānugrahaḥ kārya iti samutpannakāruṇyo manasi cintām āpede | sa(p.1) evaṃ vicintayan āsurisagotraṃ brāhmaṇaviśeṣaṃ varṣasahasrayājinam adhikāriṇam avagatya brahmopadeśavidyayā atandrito bhūtvā vācam ity uvāca --- "bho bho āsure3 ramase gṛhasthadharmeṇa" iti | sa tam uvāca --- "rame bho" iti | sa evam ukto munir īṣadaniṣpannavivekavairāgyo 'yam iti vyavasya nirgamya bhūyo 'pi dvitīye varṣasahasre pūrṇe pratyāgatya tathaivābhyuvāca --- "bho bho āsure3 ramase gṛhasthadharmeṇa" iti | sa tam uvāca --- "rame bho" iti | athāsau mahāyogīndras tathaiva nirgamya tṛtīye varṣasahasre sampūrṇe abhyetyovāca --- "bho bho āsure3 ramase gṛhasthadharmeṇa" iti | sa tam uvāca --- "na rame bho" iti | atha sa bhagavatā uktaḥ --- katham iti | punar āha āsuriḥ --- "duḥkhatrayābhighātāt" iti | athāha kapilaḥ --- tāta utsahase brahmacaryavāsaṃ vastuṃ yadi tadāmīṣāṃ duḥkhatrayāṇāṃ pratīkāraṃ vayam upadekṣyāmaḥ | so 'bravīt --- "bhagavan bāḍhaṃ śakto 'haṃ bhagavatām ādeśam anugantum" iti | sa evaṃ gṛhasthadharmam apahāya putradārādikaṃ ca, pravrajito bhagavataḥ kila kapilācāryasya yoginaḥ prāṇāḥ(?) śiṣyo babhūva |
tatra yadi kaścid evaṃ brūyāt --- kuto 'sya jijñāsā samutpannā yayāsau gurukulam abhigata iti | tatrāyaṃ prativādaḥ | duḥkhatrayābhighātāj jijñāsā samutpannā | kam iha paraṃ, kiṃ yāthātmyaṃ, kiṃ niḥśreyasaṃ, kiṃ kṛtvā kṛtārthaḥ syām iti matvāsau gurukulam abhigata iti | tathā hi ---
"tat tapaḥ sa japaḥ sā dhīs taj jñānaṃ sā ca vaiduṣī /
yato naiva nipātaḥ syād antaḥsaṃsārasāgaram" //
iti śravaṇāt |
kiñ ca ---
ihopapattir mama kena karmaṇā kva ca prayātavyam ito bhavād iti /
vicāraṇā yasya na jāyate kṣitau kathaṃ sa dharmapravaṇo bhaviṣyati //
tasmāt samīcīnam idaṃ yad asyetijijñāsā samudapādi |
kiṃ punas tad duḥkhatrayaṃ, tad āha --- ādhyātmikam, ādhibhautikam, ādhidaivikam | tatra prathamaṃ dvividhaṃ, śārīraṃ mānasaṃ ca | tatra śārīraṃ vātapittaśleṣmaṇāṃ dehadhātūnāṃ vaiṣamyād yad duḥkham ātmānaṃ deham adhikṛtya jvarātīsārādi pravartate | mānasaṃ priyaviyogād apriyasaṃyogāc ca dvividham | etad ādhyātmikaṃ duḥkham abhihitam | ādhibhautikaṃ tu bhūtāny adhikṛtya yat pravartate mānuṣapaśupakṣisarīsṛpasthāvaranimittam | ādhidaivikaṃ tu divam adhikṛtya yat pravartate śītoṣṇavātavarṣādikam | evam etais tribhir duḥkhair abhihatasyāsurisagotrasya brāhmaṇasya jijñāsā samutpannā | kva viṣaye?(p.2) tadabhighātake hetau | teṣāṃ trayāṇāṃ duḥkhānām abhighātako vināśako yo 'sau hetus tatra | tāṃ jijñāsām āha | kim amūni duḥkhāni vapuṣaḥ, āhosvit tadvyatirikto 'sti kaścid anyaḥ puruṣo yasyemāni trīṇi duḥkhāni jāyante, utāmīṣāṃ pratīkāropāyo 'py asti na vā | yady asti tadānīṃ tam evāsthāsyāmaḥ | no cet prathamaprāvṛḍāsāraṃ ṣaṇḍha[?] ivāmūni nimīlitanetrā vayaṃ soḍhāraḥ | vṛścikādidaṣṭa eva viṣapratīkārāya jāṅgulikaṃ gaveṣayati no vā viṣabhavapīḍāsahaḥ | evam asahyaduḥkhābhibhūtasyāsures tadabhighātake hetau jijñāsā samutpannā | sa ca samutpannaduḥkhābhāvaṃ jijñāsus tatpratīkārakuśalaṃ bhagavantaṃ kapilācāryaṃ śaraṇam abhyupagataḥ, ayaṃ madabhilaṣitaduḥkhapratīkāropāyaṃ vakṣyatīti |
nanu duḥkhebhya eva jijñāsā samutpannā kathaṃ teṣām evābhāvāya kāraṇatvam upayāti | na hi janayitrīsakāśād utpannas tanayas tasyā eva vyāpādanaṃ kurute | satyam | iha loke yady asmād utpadyate tat tasyāpi vipattikāraṇaṃ dṛśyate | yathā karkaṭako 'śvataro vā janayitryāḥ samutpannas tām eva vyāpādayati | yad vā yathā kaścid āśīviṣaḥ śuṣkatṛṇabahulapradeśe sthitaḥ pratisarpaṃ dṛṣṭvā kruddhas tasya mukhaniḥśvāsanirgato vahnis tṛṇāni taṃ vāpi sarpaṃ dadāha | amunā nyāyena duḥkhebhya eva jijñāsā niṣpannā duḥkhānām evābhāvaṃ kariṣyatīty arthasaṅgatiḥ |
atrocyate | dṛṣṭe sāpārthā cet | ced ity ayaṃ nipātaḥ śaṅkāyāṃ vartate | iha loke sakalasamutpannaduḥkhānāṃ pratīkāro 'sty eva, kiṃ tadarthaṃ kapilopasarpaṇeneti bhāvaḥ | tam eva hetuṃ dṛṣṭaṃ darśayati | śārīrādhyātmikānāṃ jvarātīsārādisakalavyādhīnāṃ santy evāgadaṅkārā aṣṭāṅgāyurvedavido bhiṣajaḥ kāyaśalyaśalākāviṣonmādaklībajarākumāracikitsānipuṇāḥ | mānasasyādhyātmikatāpasya pratīkāraḥ priyavastusaṃyogād apriyasya dūrataḥ pariharaṇāc ca | ādhibhautikasya tu grāmanagarādikalpanayā prahāṇopapattiḥ | ādhidaivikasyābhivātayātaprāvaraṇāvaraṇādibhiḥ | atas tadabhighātakāraṇāt kiṃ kapilopasarpaṇeneti bhāvaḥ | tathā ca laukikānām ābhāṇakaḥ ---
arke cen madhu vindeta kimarthaṃ parvataṃ vrajet /
iṣṭasya līlayā siddhau ko vidvān yatnam āśrayet //
atrocyate --- na | na ity ayaṃ pūrvapakṣavākyaniṣedhe | naivaṃ vācyam ity arthaḥ | ekāntātyantato 'bhāvāt | ekāntato 'vaśyaṃ tvaduktahetubhir na pratīkāraḥ | yataś cikitsakānāṃ suprayuktāgadānāṃ yathāśakti yatatām api kadācij jantur(p.3) vipadyate kadācij jīvati | vaidyagṛhe 'pi vadhūputrakalatrabhrātṛpitṛpabhṛtīnām aparihāryamaraṇadarśanān nāyam aikāntikapratīkāra ādhyātmikasya | aparam, atyantato 'pi nāsau pratīkāraḥ | agadena nīrujīkṛtānām api jvarādīnāṃ punaḥ katipayadivasair utpattidarśanāt | ataḥ sarvathā ātyantiko 'pi na dṛṣṭaḥ pratīkāra ādhyātmikaduḥkhāpanayane samarthaḥ | vasantādīnām apagatānām api punar āgamanavat | bhavanti cātra ślokāḥ ---
punar dāhaḥ samutpannaḥ punar jātaś ca vepathuḥ /
bādhate ca punar hikkā jvaraś ca punar āgataḥ //
anyac ca ---
puṣpitākṣaḥ śalākī ca kuṣṭhī kāyacikitsakaḥ /

pṛcchanti bālabhiṣajaṃ kathaṃ te dārakā mṛtāḥ //
kiñ ca nāsti samyagdhātuparijñānanipuṇatayā bhaiṣajyam | tathā hi ---
yāni kāni ca mūlāni yena kena ca peṣayet /
yasmai kasmai ca dātavyaṃ yad vā tad vā bhaviṣyati //
anyac ca --- kāryārthijanadravyabhakṣaṇāya, svaśaktikhyāpanāya ca svalpam api rogaṃ purastād vardhayanti bhiṣajaḥ | tataś ca kadācid asau teṣām evāsādhyatām āyāti | tathā ca ---
vaidya vaidya namas tubhyaṃ kṣapitāśeṣamānava /
tvayi vinyastabhāro 'yaṃ kṛtāntaḥ sukham edhate //
evam asau dṛṣṭenāgadādihetunā, ekātanto 'vaśyam, atyantataḥ sarvathā, śārīrasyādhyātmikaduḥkhasya na pratīkāraḥ | evaṃ mānasasyāpi śabdādipriyasaṃyogād api kadācin na nivṛttiḥ | evam ādhibhautikam apy upāyaiḥ kadācid vyapaiti, kadācic ca neti | evam ādhidaivikam api kadācid vyapaiti kadācic ca na | kiñ ca vyapagatir api duḥkhasya punarutpādād anarthiketi | asya tu śiṣyasyaikāntika ātyantikaś ca duḥkhavyapagame hetur iṣṭaḥ | tasmād yuktaṃ tadarthaṃ gurūpasarpaṇam iti

yady evaṃ tadā dṛṣṭavyatirekeṇāpy ānuśravikaḥ śrutipraṇītaḥ svargādisādhanarūpo yajñādir hetur astu | nākapṛṣṭhe 'pi tāpatrayāsambhavāt | tatraikāntikam ātyantikaṃ vānuśrave vede śrūyate | guruṇoktaṃ paścād vedaṃ śṛṇvanti śiṣyā ity anuśravo vedaḥ | tatra bhava ānuśravikaḥ | śrauto yajñādirūpo 'yaṃ duḥkhatrayapratīkārahetur ucito 'sti | evaṃ hy āha --- "tarati mṛtyuṃ, tarati śokaṃ, tarati pāpmānaṃ, tarati brahmahatyāṃ yo 'śvamedhena yajate" [śatapathabrāhmaṇa 13 |3 |1 |1] iti | yac cainaṃ devāḥ punar apy āhuḥ ---(p.4)
"apāma somam amṛtā abhūmāganma jyotir avidāma devān /
kiṃ nūnam asmān kṛṇavad arātiḥ kim u dhūrtir amṛta martyasya" //
[ṛgvedasaṃhitā 8 |48 |3] iti |
iha --- śrutāv aikāntikam ātyantikaṃ ca phalaṃ śrūyate | atrāsya vyākhyā ---
kadācit kilendro devān upasthitān niśamya ity avocat --- bho bho devatvād anyad api kim apy asti sukham | tatas te devā ūcuḥ --- nāsty anyat sukham | ata evāsmannivāsasya nāka ity abhidhānam | kam iti sukhanāma, tasya niṣedhaḥ akam asukhaṃ tan na iti nākam | kevalaṃ sukham eva | dvau nañau prakṛtam arthaṃ gamayataḥ | tataḥ prāhendraḥ --- katham iti | tatas te ūcuḥ --- anena hetunā apāma pītavantaḥ | somaṃ yajñe somarasaṃ, tena tatpānena amṛtā amarā abhūma sampannāḥ | kiṃ ca aganma prāptavantaḥ jyotiḥ svargam | anyac ca avidāma jānīmo devān | asmin svarge iyanto devā iti vidmaḥ | kim ity ākṣepe | nūnaṃ niścitam | asmān asmākaṃ vibhaktivipariṇāmaḥ | kṛṇavat kartā | arātiḥ śatrur mṛtyuḥ | kiṃ vā dhṛtir jarā asmākaṃ kariṣyati | amṛtamartyasya amṛtapāyināṃ martyānām iti | "bahulaṃ chandasi"[ ] iti vacanavipariṇāmaḥ | evam anyo 'pi yaḥ somaṃ pāsyati tasyaikāntiko 'vaśyam ātyantikaḥ sarvathā duḥkhatrayābhighāto bhaviṣyati | ato brūmaḥ kiṃ pravrajyayā sāṅkhyajñānena vā kāryaṃ vedoktaṃ kariṣyāmaḥ | duḥkhapratīkāraś ca svargo bhāvīti vedavādināṃ vacanam upaśrutya sāṅkhyācāryas tannivāraṇāya svamatapratiṣṭhāyai ca dvitīyām āryām āha ---
dṛṣṭavad ānuśravikaḥ sa hy aviśuddhaḥ kṣayātiśayayuktaḥ /
tadviparītaḥ śreyān vyaktāvyaktajñavijñānāt

ya eṣa ānuśravikaḥ śrauto 'gnihotrādikaḥ svargasādhanatayā tāpatrayapratīkārahetur uktaḥ, so 'pi dṛṣṭavad anaikāntikaḥ pratīkāraḥ | tathā hi --- "madhyamapiṇḍaṃ putrakāmā patnī prāśnīyāt "ādhatta pitaro garbham"(vājasaneyisaṃhitā 2 |33) iti mantreṇa"[āpastambaśrautasūtra 2 |7 |14] | tad evaṃ vedavacasā bahūn piṇḍān paraḥśatān aśnāti yāvad eko 'pi putro na jāyate | tathā "paśyema śaradaḥ śataṃ jīvema śaradaḥ śatam"[ṛgvedasaṃhitā 7 |66 |16] iti śrutāv āste | paraṃ garbhastho jātamātro bālo yuvāpi kumāro mriyate | kiṃ cānyat --- sa śrauto hetuḥ aviśuddhaḥ paśuhiṃsātmakatvāt | kṣayayuktaḥ punaḥ pātāt | atiśayayuktaḥ tatrāpi svāmibhṛtyabhāvaśravaṇāt | uktaṃ ca ---(p.5)
"ṣaṭśatāni niyujyante paśūnāṃ madhyame 'hani /
aśvamedhasya vacanād ūnāni paśubhis tribhiḥ" //
paśuvadho 'gniṣṭome mānuṣavadhaḥ gosavavyavasthā sautrāmaṇyāṃ surāpānaṃ raṇḍayā saha svecchālāpaś ca ṛtvijām | kalpasūtre 'nyad apy akṛtyaṃ bhūri kartavyatayopadiśyate | "brahmaṇe brāhmaṇam ālabheta kṣatrāya rājanyaṃ marudbhyo vaiśyaṃ tapase taskaraṃ nārakāya vīrahaṇam"[taittirīyabrāhmaṇa 3 |4 |11, āpastambaśrautasūtra 20 |24 |8] ityādiśravaṇāt |
kiñ ca ---
"yathā paṅkena paṅkāmbhaḥ surayā vā surākṛtam /
bhūtahatyāṃ tathaivemāṃ na yajñair mārṣṭum arhati" //
[bhāgavatapurāṇa, 1 |8 |52]
"na hi hastāv asṛgdigdhau rudhireṇaiva śuddhyataḥ" /
"tad yathāsmin loke manuṣyāḥ paśūn aśnanti tathābhibhuñjata evam amuṣmin loke paśavo manuṣyān aśnanti" [śāṅkhāyanabrāhmaṇa 11 |2] iti śrutiśravaṇāt | anyac ca ---
"vṛkṣān chitvā paśūn hatvā kṛtvā rudhirakardamam /
yajñaiś ced gamyate svargo narakaḥ kena gamyate" //
ity aviśuddhiyuktaḥ sarvathā śrauto duḥkhatrayapratīkārahetuḥ | atha "apāma somam amṛtā abhūma" iti prāg uktam | tatredaṃ pratyuttaram | somapāyinām api nṛganahuṣendrayayātīnāṃ bedhabandhaparikleśā bahuvidhāḥ | karmaṇa upabhogād itareṣāṃ patanaṃ ca | ekāhādīnāṃ satrāṇāṃ dinaparimāṇavatāṃ kāraṇānāṃ parimāṇavad eva svargādi kāryaṃ dṛṣṭam | kāraṇānugamatvāt kāryasya | parimāṇavanmṛtpiṇḍāt parimāṇavān eva ghaṭaḥ syāt | evam ānuśravikāṇāṃ phalaparimāṇatvāt punaḥ kṣayaḥ | atiśayayuktaś ca | yathā āḍhyam avalokya daridrasya duḥkhaṃ syāt, surūpaṃ ca vīkṣya kurūpasya, prājñaṃ dṛṣṭvā mūrkhasya, tathā śatāpsarasaṃ svargiṇaṃ dṛṣṭvā pañcāpsarasas taṃ dṛṣṭvaikāpsaraso duḥkham utpadyate | evam ayaṃ dṛṣṭavat | tad evam anyonyātiśayāt svarge 'pi duḥkham avyāvṛttam | tasmāt | tadviparītaḥ śreyān | tābhyāṃ dṛṣṭānuśravikābhyāṃ hetubhyāṃ viparīto visadṛśa aikāntika ātyantiko viśuddho 'kṣayo 'nantaphalaḥ kaivalyān niratiśayo hetuḥ sa śreyān praśasyaḥ | kathaṃ punar asau bhavatīty āha --- vyaktāvyaktajñavijñānāt | vyaktaṃ cāvyaktaṃ ca jñaś ca teṣāṃ(p.6) trayāṇāṃ vijñānād anubhavāt | bhavati hy asau avaśyaṃ phaladānād aikāntikaḥ, prakṛtijñānād ātyantikaḥ, yamaniyamādimattvāc chuddhaḥ, śarīrabhede punar anāveśyatvād akṣayaphalaḥ | kaivalyād anuttaratvāc ca niratiśayaphalam iti vākyaśeṣaḥ | tatra vyaktaṃ buddhyahaṅkārendriyatanmātrabhūtabhedāt trayoviṃśatikam | avyaktaṃ pradhānam | vyaktotpattikāraṇam | na hy akāraṇaṃ kāryam ity asya siddhiḥ | jñaḥ puruṣaḥ | sannidhisattāmātreṇa cumbaka iva lohasya pravṛttikāraṇam | ataḥ pradhānasya jaḍasya pravṛttihetur ayam astīti siddhiḥ | etāni pañcaviṃśatitattvāni vyaktāvyaktajñasaṃjñāni | yadvijñānād avaśyaṃ sarvathā tāpatrayeṇa vimucyate

nanv amīṣāṃ katidhā pravibhāga ity atrocyate caturdhā | katham iti cet tad ucyate ---
mūlaprakṛtir avikṛtir mahadādyāḥ prakṛtivikṛtayaḥ sapta /
ṣoḍaśakas tu vikāro na prakṛtir na vikṛtiḥ puruṣaḥ

mūlaprakṛtiḥ pradhānaṃ mūlabhūtatvāt | mūlaṃ saptānāṃ prakṛtivikṛtīnām ādir ity arthaḥ | prakaraṇāt prakṛtiḥ | prasavadharmakatvāt sā prakṛtiḥ | na vikṛtir avikṛtir anyasmād anutpatteḥ | kāraṇam eva sā na kāryam ity arthaḥ | anutpannatvād utpādakatvāc ca | mahadādyās tu sapta prakṛtayo vikṛtayaś ca | mahān ahaṅkāraḥ pañcatanmātrāṇi ceti sapta prakṛtayo 'nyeṣāṃ kāraṇatayā, vikṛtayaś ca kāryatayā svayam | tatra vyaktim āha --- pradhānād buddhir iti vikṛtiḥ, sā ca ahaṅkāraṃ janayatīti prakṛtiḥ | ahaṅkāro mahata utpanna iti vikṛtiḥ, tanmātrāṇi janayatīti prakṛtiḥ | tanmātrāṇy ahaṅkārād utpannānīti vikṛtayaḥ pañcāpi, tataḥ pañcamahābhūtāni jāyanta iti prakṛtayaḥ | utpannatvād utpādakatvāc ca saptamāḥ prakṛtayo vikṛtayaś ca | tanmātrāṇi śabdasparśarūparasagandhākhyāni | ṣoḍaśakas tu punar vikāra eva kāryatvāt | na tu tasya prakṛtitvam akāraṇatvāt | tadvyaktim āha --- vaikṛtikād ahaṅkārād utpannāny ekādaśendriyāṇi tanmātrebhyaḥ pañcamahābhūtānīti ṣoḍaśako 'yaṃ gaṇo vikāro 'nyasmād utpanno na hi tato 'nyad utpadyata ity arthaḥ | utpannatvād anutpādakatvāc ca | puruṣas tu punar na prakṛtir anutpādakatvāt na ca vikṛtir anutpannatvāt | naivāsau kāraṇaṃ na ca kāryam ity arthaḥ | evam eṣa prakṛtiḥ, prakṛtivikṛtiḥ, vikṛtiḥ, na prakṛtir na ca vikṛtir itibhedāc caturdhā prakṛtivikṛtivibhāgo 'bhihitaḥ

(p.7)
eṣāṃ vyaktāvyaktajñānāṃ prameyāṇāṃ sādhanāya pramāṇāny āha | pramāṇaprameyapramātṛpramitikrameṇa hi sakalasya siddhir dṛṣṭā |
dṛṣṭam anumānam āptavacanaṃ ca sarvapramāṇasiddhatvāt /
trividhaṃ pramāṇam iṣṭaṃ prameyasiddhiḥ pramāṇād dhi

dṛṣṭam iti pratyakṣaparyāyaḥ | akṣam indriyaṃ pratītya yad utpadyate jñānaṃ tat pratyakṣaṃ dṛṣṭam ucyate | yathā śrotrādīnāṃ śabdādayaḥ pañcendriyārthāḥ pañcānāṃ dṛṣṭaṃ pramāṇam | prathamam idaṃ mukhyaṃ sakalapramāṇānām | yo 'rtho 'munā dṛṣṭena sādhayituṃ na pāryate tatrānumānasyāvakāśaḥ | tac ca trisādhanaṃ pañcasādhanaṃ vā | tryavayavaṃ pañcāvayavam ity apare | tac ca trayastriṃśadābhāsarahitaṃ pratyakṣābhāve pratanyate 'numānam | kam api hetum anvīkṣya tasya hetoḥ paścān mīyata ity anumānam | yathā dhūmaṃ hetum anvīkṣya mahānasa iva pūrvaṃ vahnidarśanād agner astitvaṃ sādhyata ity anumānam | pratyakṣānumānābhyāṃ yo 'rthaḥ sādhayituṃ na śakyas tatrāptavacanam | yathā svarge 'psarasaḥ santi, nandanaṃ vanaṃ, tatra viśeṣāḥ śabdādayo viṣayāḥ, vimāne 'dhivāsa iti | āptā rāgadveṣādirahitā brahmasanatkumārādayaḥ, śrutir vedaḥ, tābhyāṃ upadiṣṭaṃ tathetiśraddheyam āptavacanam |
nanv arthāpattiḥ sambhavo 'bhāvaḥ pratibhā aitihyam upamānaṃ cetiprabhṛtīni santi bahūni pramāṇāntarāṇi katham atra trividhaṃ pramāṇam iti saṅgatiḥ | atrocyate --- sarvapramāṇasiddhatvāt | sarvāṇi hi pramāṇāni pramāṇatraye 'viruddhāni | tatra pīno devadatto divā na bhuṅkta ity ukte rātrau bhuṅkta ity arthaḥ | sārthāpattir anumānam eva | prastha ity ukte catvāraḥ kuḍavā iti bodhaḥ sambhavaḥ | so 'py anumānam eva | abhāvaś ca prāgitaretarapradhvaṃsātyantābhāvabhedāc caturdhā | yathā vrīhiśoṣaṇadarśanān na vṛṣṭo deva iti vṛṣṭer abhāvaṃ sādhayati | so 'py anumānabhedaḥ | pratibhā yathā ---
dakṣiṇena tu vindhyasya sahyasya tu yad uttaram /
pṛthivyām ā samudrāyāṃ sa pradeśo manoramaḥ //
ity ukte tatra śobhanā guṇāḥ santīti pratibhotpadyate | pratibhā jānatāṃ jñānam | sāpy anumānam eva | aitihyaṃ yathā --- asmin vaṭe yakṣiṇī prativasati iti janā vadanti ity ukte, sā vighnaṃ karoti, dhanādi yacchatīti jñānaṃ, tad apy anumānam eva | upamānam --- yathā gaus tathā gavaya ity(p.8) apy anumānam eva | kiṃ ca tṛṣitasyāñjalinā, kṣudhitasya pañcāṅguliyāgāt, pṛthulākṣiprabhṛtidarśanāt durbalasya, tarjanīpaṅkadarśanāt? jñānam ityādyanumānam eva | tasmāt triṣv evānyad antarbhavatīti yuktam abhihitaṃ trividhaṃ pramāṇam | iṣṭam iti abhipretam ity arthaḥ | tena pramāṇena kiṃ sādhyam ity āha --- prameyasiddhiḥ pramāṇād dhi | yasmāt prameyaṃ sakalaṃ pramāṇena pramīyate yathā tulayā candanādi, karṣādinā ghṛtādi, prasthādinā vā vrīhyādītyādivat | pratyakṣānumānāgamāḥ pramāṇāni | prameyā vyaktāvyaktajñāḥ | pramātā ātmā | tatra trayoviṃśatikaṃ vyaktam | avyaktaṃ pradhānam | jñaḥ kṣetrajñaḥ | tad amīṣāṃ madhye kiñcit pratyakṣeṇānyad anumānenetarad āptānumānābhyāṃ pramīyate | tasmād ācāryeṇa bhagavatā yuktam abhihitam --- "prameyasiddhiḥ pramāṇād dhi" iti

tatra trividhasya pramāṇasya pṛthak lakṣaṇam upanyasyate |
prativiṣayādhyavasāyo dṛṣṭaṃ trividham anumānam ākhyātam /
tal liṅgaliṅgipūrvakam āptaśrutir āptavacanaṃ tu

viṣayaṃ viṣayaṃ prati yo 'dhyavasāyo netrādīnām indriyāṇāṃ pañcānāṃ rūpādiṣu pañcasu, tat pratyakṣaṃ pratipattirūpaṃ dṛṣṭākhyam | anumānaṃ trividham | trisādhanaṃ tryavayavaṃ pañcāvayavam ity apare | tad ākhyātaṃ kathitam | pakṣahetudṛṣṭāntā iti tryavayavam | pakṣaḥ pratijñāpadam | yathā --- vahnimān ayaṃ pradeśaḥ | sādhyavastūpanyāsaḥ pakṣaḥ | itare pakṣābhāsāḥ pratyakṣaviruddhādayo nava | trirūpo hetuḥ | trairūpyaṃ punaḥ pakṣadharmatvaṃ sapakṣe sattvaṃ vipakṣe cāsattvam iti | atrodāharaṇaṃ yathā --- dhūmavattvād iti | anye hetvābhāsāḥ caturdaśa | asiddhānaikāntikaviruddhādayaḥ | sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāṃ dvividhaṃ nidarśanam | yathā mahānasam | itare nidarśanābhāsā daśa | evaṃ trayastriṃśadābhāsarahitaṃ tryavayavam anumānam | pañcāvayavam ity apare | tad āha --- avayavāḥ punaḥ pratijñāpadeśanidarśanānusandhānapratyāmnāyāḥ | evaṃ pañcāvayavena vākyena svaniścitārthapratipādanaṃ parārthapratipādanaṃ parārtham anumānam | tac ca trividham | pūrvavaccheṣavat sāmānyatodṛṣṭaṃ ca | tatra viśiṣṭameghonnatidarśanāt bhavitrīṃ vṛṣṭiṃ sambhāvayati | pūrvam iyaṃ dṛṣṭeti pūrvavat | nadīpūradarśanād upari vṛṣṭo deva iti vā pratītiḥ | śeṣavad yathā --- samudrodakabinduṃ prāśya, śeṣasya lavaṇabhāvo 'numīyate iti śeṣavat |(p.9) sāmānyatodṛṣṭam --- puṣpitāmradarśanāt | anyatra puṣpitā āmrā iti | punar yathā --- bahir udyota iti kenāpy uktaṃ, tatrāpareṇāpy uktam | candra udito bhaviṣyatīty arthasaṅgatiḥ | tal liṅgaliṅgipūrvakam iti | liṅgena tridaṇḍādidarśanenādṛṣṭo 'pi liṅgī sādhyate nūnam asau parivrāḍ asti yasyedaṃ tridaṇḍam iti | āptaśrutir āptavacanaṃ tu | tṛtīyaṃ pramāṇam | āptā brahmādaya ācāryāḥ, śrutir vedas tad etad ubhayam āptavacanam | āptiḥ sākṣādarthaprāptir yathārthopalambhaḥ tayā vartata ity āptaḥ sākṣātkṛtadharmā yathārthāptyā śrutārthagrāhī tad uktam āptavacanam | tatrāpi prasiddhilakṣaṇāguṇayogāt tisraḥ śabdavṛttayaḥ | tatra lakṣaṇātraividhyam | jahallakṣaṇājahallakṣaṇā jahadajahallakṣaṇā cetyādi pramāṇaśāstreṣu bahutaraḥ prapañca āste | tatra prakrāntam eva tāvad abhidhīyate bhagavataḥ kapilasya matam |
āgamo hy āptavacanam āptaṃ doṣakṣayād viduḥ /
kṣīṇadoṣo 'nṛtaṃ vākyaṃ na brūyād dhetvasambhavāt //
svakarmaṇy abhiyukto yo rāgadveṣavivarjitaḥ /
pūjitas tadvidhair nityam āpto jñeyaḥ sa tādṛśaḥ //
tad evam etat trividhaṃ pramāṇam

tad evaṃ vyaktāvyaktajñākhyasya pratyakṣāditrividhapramāṇeṣu kena kasya siddhiḥ syāt iti | atrocyate ---
sāmānyatas tu dṛṣṭād atīndriyāṇāṃ pratītir anumānāt /
tasmād api cāsiddhaṃ parokṣam āptāgamāt sādhyam

atra pradhānapuruṣāv atīndriyau tayoḥ sāmānyatodṛṣṭād anumānāt siddhiḥ | yasmān mahadādi liṅgaṃ triguṇaṃ dṛṣṭvā kāryaṃ tatkāraṇam adṛṣṭam apy asti triguṇaṃ ceti sādhyate pradhānam | na hy asataḥ sadutpattiḥ syād iti | na ca kāraṇāsadṛśaṃ kāryaṃ syād iti | vyaktaṃ tu pratyakṣeṇaiva sādhitam iti tadarthe na prayatnaḥ | yasmāj jaḍam api pradhānaṃ prasūtikriyāyāṃ pravartate tasmād asti lohasya calanakriyāśaktihetucumbakavad avaśyaṃ puruṣa iti jñasiddhiḥ

nanu pratyakṣeṇa yo 'rtho nopalabhyate sa sarvathā nāstīti mataṃ saṅgacchate | yathā dvitīyam anīśvaraśiraḥ, tṛtīyo bāhuḥ, śaśaviṣāṇādayo(p.10) vā | evaṃ pradhānapuruṣau nopalabhyete tasmāt tāv api na sta ity āśaṅkānirāsāyāha ---
atidūrāt sāmīpyād indriyaghātān mano'navasthānāt /
saukṣmyād vyavadhānād abhibhavāt samānābhihārāc ca

iha loke satām apy arthānām aṣṭadhā nopalabdhiḥ | tathā hi darśayati --- yathā satām api devadattaviṣṇumitrayajñadattānāṃ deśāntaragatānām atidūrān nopalabdhiḥ | tat kiṃ te na santi | yathā vā cakṣur atisāmīpyāt kajjalaṃ nopalabhate | tat kim idaṃ nāsti | yathā badhirāndhau śabdarūpe nopalabhete | tat kiṃ te na staḥ | anavasthitacittau rājānam api yāntaṃ na paśyati | tat kim asau na gataḥ | dhūmoṣmatruṭinīhāraparamāṇavo nopalabhyante | tat kim amīṣām abhāvaḥ | kuḍyena vyavahitaṃ nopalabhyate | tat kiṃ nāsti | sūryāditejasābhibhūtānāṃ grahanakṣatratārakādīnām anupalambhāt teṣāṃ kim abhāvaḥ śakyate parikalpayitum | mudgarāśikuvalayāmalakamauktikakapotādinikurambe kṣiptaṃ samānaṃ yadi nopalabhyate tad avedam iti | tat kiṃ nāsti | evam aṣṭadhā satām apy anupalambho 'bhihitaḥ | idānīm asatāṃ caturdhā bhavati | tatrocyate --- prākpradhvaṃsetaretarātyantābhāvabhedāt | tatra mṛtpiṇḍe ghaṭaḥ prāg utpatter nopalabhyata iti prāgabhāvaḥ | pradhvaṃsābhāvo yathā mudgarābhighātāt pradhvasto ghaṭo nopalabhyate | itaretarābhāvo yathā aśve gotvam, gavi aśvatvam | atyantābhāvo yathā dvitīyam anīśvaraśiraḥ, tṛtīyo bāhuḥ, śaśaviṣāṇādayo vā | evam iyaṃ dvādaśadhā anupalabdhiḥ | satām aṣṭadhā hy asatāṃ caturdhā | evaṃ pradhānapuruṣāv api santau nopalabhyete

tad amīṣāṃ madhye kena hetunemau nopalabhyete | tad ucyate ---
saukṣmyāt tadanupalabdhir nābhāvāt kāryatas tadupalabdhiḥ /
mahadādi tac ca kāryaṃ prakṛtivirūpaṃ sarūpaṃ ca

tasya pradhānasyānupalabdhir anavagamaḥ saukṣmyāt hetor nābhāvāt | sūkṣmaṃ pradhānaṃ śabdādyalakṣaṇatvāt paramāṇvādivat | na punar evaṃ, yan nāsti pradhānam ato nopalabhyate | kiṃ tu asti pradhānaṃ nopalabhyate saukṣmyāt paramāṇvādivat | tarhi katham upalabhyata iti | atrāha --- kāryatas tadupalabdhiḥ |(p.11) kāryaṃ dṛṣṭvā kāraṇam anumeyaṃ vaṭadhānyavat | yathā vaṭadhānyaṃ kāraṇaṃ vaṭaṃ kāryam ālokyānumīyate | evaṃ sad eva pradhānaṃ kāraṇaṃ mahadādeḥ sataḥ kāryād anumīyate | na hy asataḥ sadutpattir bhavatīti | mahadādi mahāna haṅkāraḥ pañcatanmātrāṇi ekādaśendriyāṇi pañca mahābhūtāni ceti trayoviṃśatikam | etan mahadādi kāryaṃ triguṇaṃ dṛṣṭvānumīyate --- asti pradhānam api triguṇaṃ kāraṇaṃ yasyedaṃ triguṇaṃ kāryam iti | kiṃ cānyat | tac ca kāryaṃ prakṛtivirūpaṃ sarūpaṃ ca | pradhānād visadṛśaṃ sadṛśaṃ cety arthaḥ | santi te hetavo yair etat pradhānaṃ visadṛśaṃ sadṛśaṃ ca | yathā loke putraḥ pituḥ sadṛśo visadṛśaḥ syāt yadi rūpeṇa tadā na guṇaiḥ, yadā guṇais tadā na rūpeṇeti yāvat | tāṃś ca hetūn upariṣṭād vakṣyāmaḥ

tiṣṭhatu tāvad etat | anyat pṛcchāmaḥ --- kim etan mahadādi prāg utpatteḥ pradhāne sat jāyate, utāsat sambhavati | atrācāryāṇāṃ vipratipattir ataḥ saṃśayaḥ | atra vaiśeṣikā vipratipannā asataḥ sad bhavatīti manyante | mṛtpiṇḍe hi prāg utpatter ghaṭo nāstīti vyavasitāste | asti nāstīti varākā jīvakāḥ | naivāsti na ca nāsti | eṣa bauddhānāṃ pakṣaḥ | evam anyonyavirodhavādiṣu darśiṣu ko nāma niścayaḥ | tad ucyate | tatra tāvat sadasadvādino jīvakāḥ svavacanavirodhenaiva nirastāḥ | yadi sat tadāsan na bhavati | utāsat tadā sadbhāvo na | yataḥ sadasator ekatra virodhāt | atra dṛṣṭānto yathā devadatto mṛto jīvati cetivat | bauddhānāṃ tu nāsti na ca nāstīti pakṣaparigrahābhāvāt taiḥ saha sañjalpa eva na yujyate | vaiśeṣikāṇāṃ tu asataḥ sad bhavatīti matapratiṣedhāya ucyate ---
asadakaraṇād upādānagrahaṇāt sarvasambhavābhāvāt /
śaktasya śakyakaraṇāt kāraṇabhāvāc ca sat kāryam

iha loke sad eva sad bhavati | asataḥ karaṇaṃ nāsti | yadi syāt tadā sikatābhyas tailaṃ, kūrmaromabhyaḥ paṭaprāvaraṇam, vandhyāduhitṛbhrūvilāsaḥ, śaśaviṣāṇaṃ, khapuṣpaṃ ca syāt | na cāsti tasmād anumīyate pradhāne prāg utpatter mahadādikam asty eva | upādānagrahaṇāt | iha loke yo yenārthī sa tadupādānagrahaṇaṃ karoti | tannimittam upādatte | tad yathā dadhyarthī kṣīrasyopādānaṃ kurute | yadi cāsatkāryaṃ syāt tadā dadhyarthī udakasyāpy upādānaṃ kuryāt, na ca kurute, tasmāt pradhāne mahadādi kāryam astīti | kiṃ ca sarvasambhavābhāvāt | iha loke yad yasmin vidyate tasmād eva tad utpadyate | yathā tilebhyas tailaṃ, dadhno ghṛtam | yadi sāsatkāryaṃ syāt tadā sarvaṃ(p.12) sarvataḥ sambhavet tataś ca tṛṇapāṃsuvālukādibhyo rajatasuvarṇamaṇimuktāpravālādayo jāyeran | na ca jāyante | tasmāt paśyāmaḥ sarvasambhavābhāvād api mahadādi kāryaṃ pradhāne sad eva sad bhavatīti | ataś cāsti --- śaktasya śakyakaraṇāt | iha loke śaktaḥ śilpī karaṇādikāraṇopādānakālopāyasampannaḥ śakyād eva śakyaṃ karma ārabhate nāśakyam aśakyāt | tad yathā --- śaktaḥ kumbhakāraḥ śakyād eva mṛtpiṇḍāt śakyadaṇḍacakrasūtrodakavidalatalādibhiḥ sampanno ghaṭaśarāvodañcanādīny ārabhamāṇo dṛṣṭaḥ | na ca maṇikādi, aśakyatvāt tāvatā piṇḍena tasya | yadi punaḥ karaṇaniyamo na syād aśakyād apy aśakyam ārabhyeta | tasmāt sat kāryaṃ syān nāsat | kiṃ ca --- kāraṇabhāvāc ca | kāryaṃ sad eva syāt | iha loke yallakṣaṇaṃ kāraṇaṃ tallakṣaṇaṃ kāryaṃ syāt | yathā kodravebhyaḥ kodravāḥ, vrīhibhyo vrīhayaḥ syuḥ | yadi cāsatkāryaṃ syāt tadā kodravebhyaḥ śālīnām api niṣpattiḥ syāt | na ca bhavati | tasmāt kāraṇabhāvād api paśyāmaḥ pradhāne mahadādi kāryam astīti | sādhitam evam etaiḥ pañcabhir hetubhiḥ sat kāryam | "sad eva somyedam agra āsīd ekam evādvitīyaṃ taddhaika āhur asad evedam agra āsīt" ity ārabhya "sattveva somyedam agra āsīt" [chāndogyopaniṣad 6 |2 |1-2] iti śruteḥ

tatra yad uktaṃ pūrvasyām āryāyāṃ "prakṛtivirūpaṃ sarūpaṃ ca" iti | tatsādharmyavaidharmyapratipādanāya idam ārabhyate ---
hetumad anityam avyāpi sakriyam anekam āśritaṃ liṅgam /
sāvayavaṃ paratantraṃ vyaktaṃ viparītam avyaktam

hetumad iti | yasyotpattikāraṇam asti tad dhetumat | hetur apadeśo nimittaṃ prakṛtiḥ kāraṇam ity anarthāntaram | pradhānasyaite paryāyaśabdāḥ | tasmāt pradhānena hetunā sakāraṇam idaṃ mahadādibhūtaparyantaṃ trayoviṃśatikaṃ liṅgam | tathā hi --- mahad buddhitattvaṃ tatpradhānena hetumat | tenāhaṅkāro 'munaikādaśendriyāṇi tanmātrāṇi ca | taiś ca bhūtānīti sarvam evedaṃ parasparahetumat | atha ca dvividho hetuḥ kārako jñāpakaś ca | tatra pradhānabuddhyahaṅkāratanmātralakṣaṇaś caturvidhaḥ kārakaḥ | viparyayāśaktituṣṭisiddhyanugrahabhedāt pañcadhā jñāpakaḥ | tad dvividhenāpi hetunā yuktaṃ hetumad idaṃ siddham | kiṃ ca --- anityaṃ pralayaṃ gacchati | yasmād utpattimat tasmād anityam | akāraṇavan nityam iti nityasya lakṣaṇam | tadviparītam idam ato 'nityam | tad yathā --- mṛtpiṇḍād utpanno ghaṭaḥ sa cānityo dṛṣṭaḥ | evaṃ mahadādi pradhānād utpannaṃ(p.13) tasmād anityaṃ tasminn eva ca līyate | tathā hi --- pradhāne buddhis tasyām ahaṅkāras tasminn indriyāṇi tanmātrāṇi ca teṣu bhūtāni pralayakāle līyante | tasmād anityam | kiñ ca --- avyāpi asarvagatam | yathā pradhānapuruṣau sarvagatau na tathedam ity arthaḥ | idaṃ hi yasminn eva pradeśe 'vasthitaṃ tasminn eva vartate | kiṃ ca --- sakriyam | yasmāt saṃsaraṇakāle mahadādi kāryaṃ sūkṣmaśarīram āśritya saṃsarati tasmāt sakriyam | kiṃ ca --- anekam bahuvidhaṃ trayoviṃśatiprakārakam | itarac ca --- āśritam | yad yasmād utpadyate tat tadāśritam | buddhiḥ pradhānam āśritā, tāṃ cāhaṅkāraḥ, taṃ cendriyāṇi tanmātrāṇi ca, tāni mahābhūtāny āśritāni | evam āśritam | layaṃ gacchatīti liṅgam | sāvayavam iti | avayantīty avayavā yathā piṇḍasya hastapādādyāḥ | śabdasparśarasarūpagandhādyavayavasampannaṃ vyaktam | kiṃ ca --- paratantram parādhīnam | yathā pitari jīvati putro na svatantra evaṃ vyaktam | pradhānatantrā buddhiḥ, buddhitantro 'haṅkāraḥ, ahaṅkāratantrāṇi indriyāṇi tanmātrāṇi ca, tanmātratantrāṇi mahābhūtānīti | evaṃ paratantram | vyaktam uktam | etadviparītalakṣaṇam avyaktam | ahetumat anutpannatvāt | nityam akāraṇavattvāt | vyāpi sarvagatatvāt | ābrahmastambaparyantaṃ puruṣavad vyāpya pradhānam avasthitam | niṣkriyaṃ sarvavāpakatvāt | ekaṃ sarvakāraṇatvāt | anāśritaṃ prabhaviṣṇutvāt | aliṅgam anutpattikatvāt | niravayavam amūrtatvāt | svatantraṃ sarvotpattikāraṇatvāt