Prasannapada · Chapter 72

pūrvasya pūrvasya aṅgasya nirodhena utarasyottarasya aṅgasya nirodho bhavatīti vijñeyam | anayā cānupūrvyā ayaṃ yogī ātmātmīyādyadarśanāyāsanirastaḥ kārakavedakavirahitaṃ bhāvasvabhāvaśūnyaṃ duḥkharāśiṃ punaranutpattyā samyaṅnirodhayati | yathoktamāryaśālistambasūtre-
evamādhyātmiko 'pi pratītyasamutpādo dvābhyāmeva kāraṇābhyāmutpadyate | katamābhyāṃ dvābhyām? hetūpanibandhataḥ pratyayopanibandhataśca | tatrādhyātmikasya pratītyasamutpādasya hetūpanibandhaḥ katamaḥ? yadidamavidyāpratyayāḥ saṃskārāḥ, saṃskārapratyayaṃ vijñānam, vijñānapratyayaṃ nāmarūpam, nāmarūpapratyayaṃ ṣaḍāyatanam, ṣaḍāyatanapratyayaḥ sparśaḥ, sparśapratyayā vedanā, vedanāpratyayā tṛṣṇā, tṛṣṇāpratyayamupādānam, upādānapratyayo bhavaḥ, bhavapratyayā jātiḥ, jātipratyayā jarāmaraṇaśokaparidevaduḥkhadaurmanasyopāyāsāḥ saṃbhavanti | evamasya kevalasya mahato duḥkhaskandhasya samudayo bhavati | avidyā cennābhaviṣyannaiva saṃskārāḥ prajñāsyante | evaṃ yāvajjātiścennābhaviṣyajjarāmaraṇaṃ na prajñāsyate | athavā, satyāmavidyāyāṃ saṃskārāṇāmabhinirvṛttirbhavati | evaṃ yāvajjātyāṃ satyāṃ jarāmaraṇasyābhinirvṛttirbhavati | atrāvidyāyā naivaṃ bhavati ahaṃ saṃskārānabhinirvartayāmīti | saṃskārāṇāmapi naivaṃ bhavati vayamavidyayābhinirvartitā iti | evaṃ yāvajjāterapi naivaṃ bhavati ahaṃ jarāmaraṇamabhinirvartayāmīti | jarāmaraṇasyāpi naivaṃ bhavatyahaṃ jātyābhinirvartitamiti | atha ca satyāmavidyāyāṃ saṃskārāṇābhinirvṛtti rbhavati prādurbhāvaḥ | evaṃ yāvajjātyāṃ satyāṃ jarāmaraṇasyābhinirvṛttirbhavati prādurbhāvaḥ | evamādhyātmikasya pratītyasamutpādasya hetūpanibandho draṣṭavyaḥ ||
kathamādhyātmikasya pratītyasamutpādasya pratyayopanibandho draṣṭavya iti? ṣaṇṇāṃ dhātūnāṃ samavāyāt | katameṣāṃ ṣaṇṇāṃ dhātūnāṃ samavāyāt? yadidaṃ pṛthivyaptejovāyvākāśavijñānadhātūnāṃ samavāyādādhyātmikasya pratītyasamutpādasya pratyayopanibandho draṣṭavyaḥ | tatrādhyātmikasya pratītyasamutpādasya pṛthivīdhātuḥ katamaḥ? yaḥ kāyasya saṃśleṣātkaṭhinabhāvamabhinirvartayati, ayamucyate pṛthivīdhātuḥ | yaḥ kāyasyānuparigrahakṛtyaṃ karoti, ayamucyate 'bdhātuḥ | yaḥ kāyasyāśitabhakṣitaṃ paripācayati, ayamucyate tejodhātuḥ | yaḥ kāyasya āśvāsapraśvāsakṛtyaṃ karoti, ayamucyate vāyudhātuḥ | yaḥ kāyasyāntaḥ śauṣīryamabhinirvartayati, ayamucyate ākāśadhātuḥ | yo nāmarūpamabhinirvartayati naḍakalāpayogena pañcavijñānakāyasaṃyuktaṃ sāsravaṃ ca manovijñānam, ayamucyate bhikṣavo vijñānadhātuḥ | tatra asatāmeṣāṃ pratyayānāṃ kāyasyotpattirna bhavati | yadā tvādhyātmikaḥ pṛthivīdhāturavikalo bhavati, evamaptejovāyvākāśavijñānadhātavaścāvikalā bhavanti, tataḥ sarveṣāṃ samavāyātkāyasyotpattirbhavati | tatra pṛthivīdhātornaivaṃ bhavati- ahaṃ kāyasya kaṭhinabhāvamabhinirvartayāmīti | abdhātornaivaṃ bhavati- ahaṃ kāyasyānuparigrahakṛtyaṃ karomīti | tejodhātornaivaṃ bhavati- ahaṃ kāyasyāśitapītakhāditaṃ paripācayāmīti | vāyudhātornaivaṃ bhavati- ahaṃ kāyasyāśvāsapraśvāsakṛtyaṃ karomīti | ākāśadhātornaivaṃ bhavati- ahaṃ kāyasyāntaḥśauṣīryamabhinirvartayāmīti | vijñānadhātornaivaṃ bhavati- ahaṃ kāyasya nāmarūpamabhinirvartayāmīti | kāyasyāpi naivaṃ bhavati ahamemiḥ pratyayairjanita iti | atha ca punaḥ satāmeṣāṃ pratyayānāṃ samavāyātkāyasyotpatti rbhavati | tatra pṛthivīdhāturnātmā na sattvo na jīvo na janturna manujo na mānavo na strī na pumān na napuṃsakaṃ na cāhaṃ na mama na cānyasya kasyacit | evamabdhātustejodhāturvāyudhāturākāśadhāturvijñānadhāturnātmā ( Pp_246 ) na sattvo na jīvo na janturna manujo na mānavo na strī na pumān na napuṃsakaṃ na cāhaṃ na mama na cānyasya kasyacit ||
tatra avidyā katamā? yā eṣāmevaṃ ṣaṇṇāṃ dhātūnāyamaiksaṃjñā piṇḍasaṃjñā nityasaṃjñā dhruvasaṃjñā śāśvatasaṃjñā sukhasaṃjñā ātmasaṃjñā sattvasaṃjñā jīvapudgalamanujamānavasaṃjñā ahaṃkārasaṃjñā mamakārasaṃjñā evamādi vividhamajñānam | iyamucyate 'vidyeti | evamavidyāyāṃ satyāṃ viṣayeṣu rāgadveṣamohāḥ pravartante | tatra ye rāgadveṣamohā viṣayeṣu, amī saṃskārā ityucyante | vastuprativijñaptirvijñānam | vijñānasahabhuvaścatvāraḥ skandhā arūpiṇaḥ upādānākhyāḥ, tannāmarūpaṃ catvāri mahābhūtāni, tāni copādāya rūpam | tacca nāma rūpam | aikadhyamabhisaṃkṣipya tannāmarūpam | nāmarūpasaṃniśritānīndriyāṇi ṣaḍāyatanam | trayāṇāṃ dharmāṇāṃ saṃnipātaḥ sparśaḥ | sparśānubhavo vedanā | vedanādhyavasānaṃ tṛṣṇā | tṛṣṇāvaipulyamuipādānam | upādānanirjātaṃ punarbhavajanakaṃ karma bhavaḥ | bhavahetukaḥ skandhaprādurbhāvo jātiḥ | jātasya skandhasya paripāko jarā | jīrṇasya skandhasya vināśo maraṇam | mriyamāṇasya saṃmūḍhasya sābhiṣvaṅgasyāntardāhaḥ śokaḥ | śokotthamālapanaṃ paridevaḥ | pañcavijñānakāyasaṃyuktamasātamanubhavanaṃ duḥkham | manasā saṃyuktaṃ mānasaṃ duḥkhaṃ dārmanasyam | ye cāpyanye evamādaya upakleśāste upāyāsā iti ||
tatra mohāndhakārārthenāvidyā | abhisaṃskārārthena saṃskārāḥ | vijñāpanārthena vijñānam | anyonyopastambhanārthena nāmarūpam | āyadvārārthena ṣaḍāyatanam | sparśanārthena sparśaḥ | anubhavanārthena vedanā | paritarṣaṇārthena tṛṣṇā | upādānārthenopādānam | punarbhavārthena bhavaḥ | janmārthena jātiḥ | paripākārthena jarā | vināśārthena maraṇam | śocanārthena śokaḥ | paridevanārthena paridevaḥ kāyaparipīḍanārthena duḥkham | cittasaṃpīḍanārthena daurmanasyam | upakleśārthenopāyāsāḥ ||

athavā tattve 'pratipattirmithyāpratipattirajñānamavidyā | evamavidyāyāṃ satyāṃ trividhāḥ saṃskārā abhinirvartante puṇyopagā apuṇyopagā āneñjyopagāḥ | tatra puṇyopagānāṃ saṃskārāṇāṃ puṇyopagameva vijñānaṃ bhavati | apuṇyopagānāṃ saṃskārāṇāmapuṇyopagameva vijñānaṃ bhavati | āneñjyopagānāṃ saṃskārāṇāmāneñjyopagameva vijñānaṃ bhavati | idamucyate vijñānam | vijñānapratyayaṃ nāmarūpamiti vedanādayo 'rūpiṇaścatvāraḥ skandhāstatra tatra bhave nāmayantīti nāma | saharūpaskandhena ca nāma rūpaṃ ceti nāmarūpamucyate | nāmarūpavivṛddhayā ṣaḍbhirāyatanadvāraiḥ kṛtyakriyāḥ pravartante prajñāyante, tannāmarūpapratyayaṃ ṣaḍāyatanamityucyate | ṣaḍbhyaścāyataṃebhyaḥ ṣaṭ sparśakāyāḥ pravartante, ayaṃ ṣaḍāyatanapratyayaḥ sparśa ityucyate | yajjātīyaḥ sparśo bhavati tajjātīyā vedanā pravartate | iyamucyate bhikṣavaḥ sparśapratyayā vedaneti | yastāṃ vedanāṃ viśeṣeṇāsvādayati abhinandati adhyavasyati adhyavasāya tiṣṭhati, sā vedanāpratyayā tṛṣṇetyucyate | āsvādanābhinandanādhyavasānasthānādātmapriyarūpasātarūpairviyogo mā bhūnnityamaparityāgo bhavediti yaivaṃ prārthanā idamucyate bhikṣavastṛṣṇāpratyayamupādānam | yatra vastuni satṛṣṇastasya vastuno 'rjanāya viṭhapanāyopādānamupādatte, tatra tatra prārthayate, evaṃ prārthayamānaḥ punarbhavajanakaṃ karma samutthāpayati kāyena vācā manasā ca, sa upādānapratyayo bhava ityucyate | ( Pp_247 ) tatkarmanirjātānāṃ skandhānāmabhinirvṛtiryā sā bhavapratyayā jātirityucyate | jātyābhinirvṛttānāṃ skandhānāmupacayanaparipākādvināśo bhavati | tadidaṃ jātipratyayaṃ jarāmaraṇamityucyate ||
evamayaṃ dvādaśāṅgaḥ pratītyasamutpādo 'nyonyahetuko 'nyonyapratyayo naivānityo naiva nityo na saṃskṛto nāsaṃskṛto nāhetuko nāpratyayo na vedayitā nāvedayitā na pratītyasamutpanno nāpratītyasamutpanno na kṣayadharmo nākṣayadharmo na vināśadharmo nāvināśadharmo na nirodhadharmo nānirodhadharmo 'nādikālapravṛtto 'nucchinno 'nupravartate nadīsrotavat ||
yadyapyayaṃ dvādaśāṅgaḥ pratītyasamutpādo 'nucchinno 'nupravartate nadīsrotavat, atha cemānyasya dvādaśāṅgasya pratītyasamutpādasya catvāryaṅgāni saṃghātakriyāyai hetutvena pravartante | katamāni catvāri? yaduta avidyā tṛṣṇā karma vijñānaṃ ca | tatra vijñānaṃ bījasvabhāvatvena hetuḥ | karma kṣetrasvabhāvatvena hetuḥ | avidyā tṛṣṇā ca kleśasvabhāvatvena hetuḥ | karmakleśā vijñānabījaṃ janayanti | tatra karma vijñānabījasya kṣetrakāryaṃ karoti | tṛṣṇā vijñānabījaṃ snehayati | avidyā vijñānabījamavakirati | asatāṃ teṣāṃ pratyayānāṃ vijñānabījasyabhinirvṛttirna bhavati | tatra karmaṇo naivaṃ bhavati- ahaṃ vijñānabījasya kṣetrakāryaṃ karomīti | tṛṣṇāyā api naivaṃ bhavati- ahaṃ vijñānasya snehakāryaṃ karomiti | avidyāyā api naivaṃ bhavati- ahaṃ vijñānabījamavakirāmīti | vijñānabījasyāpi naivaṃ bhavati- ahamebhiḥ pratyayairjanitamiti ||
atha ca vijñānabījaṃ karmakṣetrapratiṣṭhitaṃ tṛṣṇāsnehābhiṣyanditamavidyayā svavakīrṇaṃ vibhajyamānaṃ virohati | tatratatropapattyāṃyatanapratisaṃdhau mātuḥ kukṣau nāmarūpāṅkuramabhinirvartayati | sa ca nāmarūpāṅkuro na svayaṃ kṛtoa na parakṛto nobhayakṛto neśvarakṛto na kālapariṇāmito na prakṛtisaṃbhūto na caikakāraṇādhīno nāpyahetusamutpannaḥ | atha ca mātāpitṛsaṃyogād, ṛtusamavāyād, anyeṣāṃ pratyayānāṃ samavāyād āsvādānuviddhaṃ vijñānabījaṃ mātuḥ kukṣau nāmarūpāṅkuramabhinirvartayati asvāmikeṣu dharmeṣvaparigraheṣvamameṣvākāśasameṣu māyālakṣaṇasvabhāveṣu hetupratyayānāmavaikalyāt ||
tadyathā pañcabhiḥ kāraṇaiścakṣurvijñānamutpadyate | katamaiḥ pañcabhiḥ? yaduta cakṣuḥ pratītya rūpaṃ cālokaṃ cākāśaṃ ca tajjamanasikāraṃ ca pratītyotpadyate cakṣurvijñānam | tatra cakṣurvijñānasya cakṣurāśrayakṛtyaṃ karoti | rūpamālambanakṛtyaṃ karoti | āloko 'vabhāsakṛtyaṃ karoti | ākāśamanāvaraṇakṛtyaṃ karoti | tajjamanasikāraḥ samanvāharaṇakṛtyaṃ karoti | asatāmeṣāṃ pratyayānāṃ cakṣurvijñānaṃ notpadyate | yadā tu cakṣurādhyātmikamāyatanamavikalaṃ bhavati, evaṃ rūpālokākāśatajjamanasikārāścāvikalā bhavanti, tataḥ sarveṣāṃ samavāyāccakṣurvijñānamutpadyate | tatra cakṣuṣo naivaṃ bhavati- ahaṃ cakṣurvijñānasyāśrayakṛtyaṃ karomīti | ālokasyāpi naivaṃ bhavati- ahaṃ cakṣurvijñānasyāvabhāsakṛtyaṃ karomīti | ākāśasyāpi naivaṃ bhavati- ahaṃ cakṣurvijñānasyānāvaraṇakṛtyaṃ karomiti | tajjamanasikārasyāpi naivaṃ bhavati- ahaṃ cakṣurvijñānasya samanvāharaṇakṛtyaṃ karomīti | cakṣurvijñānasyāpi naivaṃ bhavati- ahamebhiḥ pratyayairjanitamiti | atha ca satāmeṣāṃ pratyayānāṃ samavāyāccakṣurvijñānasyotpattirbhavati | evaṃ śeṣāṇāmindriyāṇāṃ yathāyogaṃ karaṇīyam ||
tatra na kaściddharmo 'smāllokātparalokaṃ saṃkrāmati | asti ca karmaphalaprativijñaptirhetupratyayānāmavaikalyāt | tadyathā bhikṣavaḥ supariśuddhe ādarśamaṇḍale mukhapratibimbakaṃ dṛśyate, na ca tatrādarśamaṇḍale mukhaṃ saṃkrāmati, asti ca mukhaprativijñaptirhetupratyayānāmavaikalyāt, evamasmāllokānna kaściccyuto nāpyanyatropapannaḥ, asti ca karmaphalaprativijñaptirhetupratyayānāmavaikalyāt | tadyathā bhikṣavaścandramaṇḍalaṃ catvāriṃśadyojanaśatamūrdhvaṃ vrajati, atha ca punaḥ parītte 'pyudakabhājane candrasya pratibimbaṃ dṛśyate, na ca tasmātsthānādūrdhvaṃ nabhasaścyutaṃ parītte udakasya bhājane saṃkrāntaṃ bhavati asti ca candramaṇḍalaprativijñaptirhetupratyayānāmavaikalyāt | evamasmāllokānna kaściccyuto nānyatropapannaḥ, asti ca karmaphalaprativijñaptirhetupratyayānāmavaikalyāt ||
tadyathā- agnirupādānapratyaye sati jvalati, upādānavaikalyānna jvalati, evameva bhikṣavaḥ karmakleśajanitaṃ vijñānabījaṃ tatratatropapattyāyatanapratisaṃdhau mātuḥ kukṣau nāmarūpāṅkuramabhinirvartayati asvāmikeṣu dharmeṣvaparigraheṣu māyālakṣaṇasvabhāveṣu amameṣu kṛtrimeṣu hetupratyayānāmavaikalyāt ||

tatrādhyātmikaḥ pratītyasamutpādaḥ pañcabhiḥ kāraṇairdraṣṭavyaḥ | katamaiḥ pañcabhiḥ? na śāśvatato nocchedato na saṃkrāntitaḥ parīttahetuvipulaphalābhinirvṛttitastatsadṛśānuprabandhataśceti | kathaṃ na śāśvatataḥ? yasmādanye māraṇāntikāḥ skandhāḥ, anye aupapattyaṃśikāḥ skandhāḥ | na tu ya eva māraṇāntikāḥ skandhāsta evaupapattyaṃśikāḥ | api tu māraṇāntikāḥ skandhā nirudhyante, tasminneva ca samaye aupapattyaṃśikāḥ skandhāḥ prādurbhavanti | ato na śāśvatataḥ | kathaṃ nocchedataḥ? na ca pūrvaniruddheṣu māraṇāntikeṣu skandheṣu aupapattyaṃśikāḥ skandhāḥ prādurbhavanti nāpyaniruddheṣu | api tu māraṇāntikāḥ skandhā nirudhyante, tasminneva ca samaye aupapattyaṃśikāḥ skandhāḥ prādurbhavanti tulādaṇḍonnābhāvanāmavat candrabimbapratibimbavat | ato nocchedataḥ | kathaṃ na saṃkrāntitaḥ? visadṛśāḥ sattvanikāyāḥ sabhāgāyāṃ jātyāṃ jātimabhinirvartayanti | ato na saṃkrāntitaḥ | kathaṃ parīttahetuto vipulaphalābhinirvṛttitaḥ | parīttaṃ karma kriyate, vipulaḥ phalavipāko 'nubhūyate | ataḥ parīttahetuto vipulaphalābhinirvṛttitaḥ | kathaṃ tatsadṛśānuprabandhataḥ? yathāvedanīyaṃ karma kriyate, tathāvedanīyo vipāko 'nubhūyate | atastatsadṛśānuprabandhataśca | iti vistaraḥ ||
ityācāryacandrakīrtipādoparacitāyāṃ prasannapadāyāṃ madhyamakavṛttau dvādaśāṅgaparīkṣā nāma ṣaḍviṃśatitamaṃ prakaraṇam ||
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dṛṣṭiparīkṣā saptaviṃśatitamaṃ prakaraṇam |
yaścaivaṃ pratītyasamutpādaṃ yathābhūtaṃ samyak paśyati, sa na pūrvāntaṃ pratisarati, nāparāntaṃ pratisarati,- ityādi sūtre paṭhayate, tatra katamaḥ pūrvāntaḥ, katamo 'parāntaḥ, kathaṃ na pratisaratīti? tadvayutpatyarthamidamārabhyate | tatra vartamānamātmabhāvamapekṣya atītā ātmabhāvāḥ pūrvānta ityucyate | pūrvo hi janmaparaṃparāṃśaḥ pūrvāntaḥ | taṃ na pratisarati, dṛṣṭiprakārairnālambate | pratītyasamutpādasya yathāvadavasthitatattvadarśanāt nānyathāvasthitaṃ vastu anyathā abhiniviśate | tatra aṣṭau dṛṣṭayaḥ pūrvāntamālambya anyathā pravṛttāḥ | tadyathā-
abhūmatītamadhvānaṃ nābhūmiti ca dṛṣṭayaḥ |
yāstāḥ śāśvatalokādyāḥ pūrvāntaṃ samupāśritāḥ