Prasannapada · Chapter 71

tatra karmakleśāviddhaṃ tasmiṃstasminnupapattyāyatane nāmayatīti nāma, saṃjñāvaśena vā artheṣu nāmayatīti nāma |
catvāro 'rūpiṇaḥ skandhā nāmeti vyapadiśyate |
rūpyata iti rūpam | bādhyata ityarthaḥ | idaṃ ca rūpaṃ pūrvakaṃ ca nāma, ubhayametadabhisaṃkṣipya nāmarūpamiti vyavasthāpyate | tatra bimbapratibimbanyāyena svādhyāyadīpamudrāpratimudrādinyāyena vā māraṇāntikeṣu skandheṣu nirudhyamāneṣu ekasminneva kṣaṇe tulādaṇḍanāmonnāmanyāyenaiva aupapattyāṃśikāḥ ( Pp_239 ) skandhā yathākarmākṣepata upajāyante | evaṃ ca bimbapratibimbamudrāpratimudrānyāyena pratītyasamutpādaḥ sidhyati | tulādaṇḍanāmonnāmanyāyena tu yadvijñānaṃ saṃniviśate ityuktam, tad bālalokabodhānurodhena, samānakāla eva bhavapratisaṃdhiriti |
tathā samānena samānakālaṃ lokasya duḥkhaṃ ca sukhodayaṃ ca |
hartuṃ ca kartuṃ ca sadāstu śaktistamaḥ prakāśaṃ ca yathaiva bhānoḥ || iti |
na tu punaḥ pratītyasamutpādasvarūpavicakṣaṇānāmevaṃ vaktuṃ yujyate sāhacaryāditvamekakṣaṇe tulādaṇḍanāmonnāmadṛṣṭānteneti |
janmonmukhaṃ na sadidaṃ yadi jāyamānaṃnāśonmukhaṃ sadapi nāma nirudhyamānam |
iṣṭaṃ tadā kathamidaṃ tulayā samānaṃ kartrā vinā janiriyaṃ na ca yuktarūpā ||
ityādivacanāt | yathā bimbapratibimbamudrāpratimudrādinyāyena kṣaṇikatvaṃ neṣyate bhavadbhiḥ, tathā anyasyāpi bhāvasya utpādasamanantaradhvaṃsinaḥ kṣaṇikatvaṃ na yuktam | yataḥ jātijarāsthityanityatākhyāni catvāri saṃskṛtalakṣaṇāni utpadyamānasya bhāvasya bāhyasya ādhyātmikasya vā ekasminneva kṣaṇe bhavantītyabhidharmapāṭhaḥ | tatra jātijarayoḥ parasparavirodhāt sthityanityatayośca ekasminneva bhāve na yugapatsaṃbhava iṣyate sadbhiḥ |
kṣaṇike sarvathābhāvātkutaḥ kācitpurāṇatā |
sthairyādakṣaṇike cāpi kutaḥ kācitpurāṇatā ||
yathānto 'sti kṣaṇasyaivamādimadhyaṃ ca kalpyatām |
antakatvātkṣaṇasyaivaṃ na lokasya kṣaṇasthitiḥ ||
ādimadhyāvasānāni cintyāni kṣaṇavatpunaḥ |
ādimadhyāvasānatvaṃ na svataḥ parato 'pi vā ||
iti madhyamakasiddhāntapāṭhāt kṣaṇikapadārthāsiddherasiddhiravaseyā | na ca jātimaraṇayoḥ parasparabhinnalakṣaṇayoḥ ekasmin kṣaṇe saṃbhavo bhavet, saṃśayaniścayajñānayorālokāndhakārayorjñānājñānayorbījāṅkurayormaraṇabhavopapattibhavayorbhinnalakṣaṇayorityādivat | parasparanirapekṣayoreva svahetupratyayasiddhayoḥ sahabhāvo yujyate savyetaragoviṣāṇayoryuvatistanayornarakarṇayorityādivat, na tu punaḥ kadācidapi parasparaviruddhayorvināśotpādayoḥ | yathoktaṃ rāgaraktaparīkṣāyām-
sahaiva punarudbhūtirna yuktā rāgaraktayoḥ |
bhavetāṃ rāgaraktau hi nirapekṣau parasparam ||
naikatve sahabhāvo 'sti na tenaiva hi tatsaha |
pṛthaktve sahabhāvo 'tha kuta eva bhaviṣyati ||
evaṃ raktena rāgasya siddhirna saha nāsaha |
rāgavatsarvadharmāṇāṃ siddhirna saha nāsaha ||
iti pratiṣedhāt kutaḥ samānakālatā bhāvānāṃ maraṇabhavopapattibhavayoriti? ataḥ sahabhāvo vineyajanabodhānurodhapravṛtta eveti lakṣyate | tena naikasminneva kṣaṇe nāmonnāmau tulāyāḥ saṃbhavataḥ nāmonnāmayoḥ kālabhedāt | balavatpuruṣācchaṭāmātreṇa pañcaṣaṣṭiḥ kṣaṇā atikrāmantīti pāṭhāt, utpalapatraśatasahasravedhavat sūcyagreṇeti | tathāpi atra utpalapatraśatasahasravedhaḥ sūcyagreṇa kramaśo vedho 'vaseyaḥ kṣaṇānāmatisūkṣmatvāt | ekakṣaṇena ślokākṣarapadodāharaṇavat ||
kiṃ ca-
anirodhamanutpādamanucchedamaśāśvatam |
anekārthamanānārthamanāgamamanirgamam ||
yaḥ pratītyasamutpādaṃ prapañcopaśamaṃ śivam |
iti pāṭhādutpādanirodhayorasaṃbhava eva pratipāditaḥ śāstre madhyamake | āgamasūtreṣu-
avināśamanutpannaṃ dharmadhātusamaṃ jagat |
sattvadhātuṃ ca deśeti eṣā lokānuvartanā ||
trīṣu adhvasu sattvānāṃ prakṛtiṃ nopalambhati |
sattvadhātuṃ ca deśeti eṣā lokānuvartanā || ityādi |
tathā-
phenapiṇḍopamaṃ rūpaṃ vedanā budbudopamā |
marīcisadṛśī saṃjñā saṃskārāḥ kadalīnibhāḥ |
māyopamaṃ ca vijñānamuktamādityabandhunā ||
evaṃ dharmān vīkṣamāṇo bhikṣurārabdhavīryavān |
divā vā yadi vā rātrau saṃprajānan pratismṛtaḥ |
pratividhyetpadaṃ śāntaṃ saṃskāropaśamaṃ śivam || iti |
etāśca gāthāḥ sarvanikāyaśāstrasūtreṣu paṭhayante | ataḥ phenapiṇḍādīnāṃ hetupratyayasāmagrīṃ prāpya pratītya samutpannānāṃ sāravastuvigatānāṃ kutaḥ kṣaṇikākṣaṇikacinteti? mahāyānasūtreṣu ca-
supinopamā bhavagatī sakalā na hi kaści jāyati na co mriyate |
na ca karma naśyati kadāci kṛtaṃ phalu deti kṛṣṇaśubha saṃsarato ||
na ca śāśvataṃ na ca uccheda puno na ca karmasaṃcayu na cāpi sthitiḥ |
na ca so 'pi kṛtva punarāspṛśatī na ca anyu kṛtva puna vedayate ||
yathā kumārī supināntarasmiṃ svaputra jātaṃ ca mṛtaṃca paśyati |
jāte 'tituṣṭā mṛti daurmanasyitā tathopamān jānatha sarvadharmān ||
yathaiva grāmāntari lekhadarśanāt kriyāḥ pravartanti pṛthak śubhāśubhāḥ |
na lekhasaṃkrānti girāya vidyate tathopamān jānatha sarvadharmān ||
mudrātpratimudra dṛśyate mudrasaṃkrānti na copalabhyate |
na ca tatra na caiva sānyato evaṃ saṃskāra 'nucchedaśāśvatāḥ ||
bījasya sato yathāṅkuro na ca yo bīju sa caiva aṅkuro |
na ca anyu tato na caiva tat evamanuccheda aśāśvata dharmatā ||
yatha muñja pratītya balbajaṃ rajju vyāyāmabalena vartitā |
ghaṭiyantra sacakra vartate teṣu ekaikasu nāsti vartanā ||
tatha sarvabhavāṅgavartinī anyamanyopacayena niśritā |
ekaikeṣu teṣu vartanī pūrvamaparāntatu nopalabhyate ||
ata evoktamācāryanāgārjunapādaiḥ-
svādhyāyadīpamudrādarpaṇaghoṣārkakāntabījāmlaiḥ |
skandhapratisaṃdhirasaṃkramaśca vidvadbhirupadhāryau || iti |
śatakaśāstre ca āryadevapādairmahābodhicaryāsthiraprasthānasthitaiḥ-
alātacakranirmāṇasvapnamāyāmbucandrakaiḥ |
dhūmikāntaḥ pratiśrutkāmarīcyabhraiḥ samo bhavaḥ || iti ||
tadevaṃ bimbapratibimbādinyāyena mātuḥ kukṣau vijñāne saṃmūrcchite vijñānapratyayaṃ nāmarūpaṃ niṣicyate, kṣarati prādurbhavatītyarthaḥ | yadi iha gatau vijñānaṃ na saṃmūrchitaṃ syāt, tadā nāmarūpaprādurbhāvo na syāt |
sacedānanda vijñānaṃ mātuḥ kukṣiṃ nāvakrāmeta, na tat kalalaṃ kalalatvāya saṃvarteta | iti vacanāt

tadevam-
niṣikte nāmarūpe tu ṣaḍāyatanasaṃbhavaḥ |
duḥkhotpattyā āyadvārabhāvena darśanaśravaṇaghrāṇarasasparśamanaākhyaṃ ṣaḍāyatanaṃ nāmarūpahetukamupajāyate | sa cakṣuṣā rūpāṇi dṛṣṭvā saumanasyasthānīyānyabhiniviśate, abhiniviṣṭaḥ san rāgajaṃ dvevajaṃ mohajaṃ karma karotītyādinā duḥkhotpattāvāyadvāratvaṃ ṣaṇṇāmāyatanānām | tadevaṃ saṃbhūte ṣaḍāyatane uttarakālam-
ṣaḍāyatanamāgamya saṃsparśaḥ saṃpravartate

kaḥ punarayaṃ saṃsparśaḥ, kathaṃ vā saṃpravartate iti pratipādayannāha-
cakṣuḥ pratītya rūpaṃ ca samanvāhārameva ca |
nāmarūpaṃ pratītyaivaṃ vijñānaṃ saṃpravartate

saṃnipātasrayāṇāṃ yo rūpavijñānacakṣuṣām |
sparśaḥ saḥ
cakṣurindriyaṃ pratītya rūpāṇi ca samanvāhāraṃ ca pratītya manaskāraṃ viṣayādivilakṣaṇaṃ samanantarapratyayaṃ vijñānabījabhūtaṃ cakṣurvijñānamutpadyate | tatra cakṣuśca rūpāyatanaṃ ca rūpam | samanvāhāraścatuḥskandhalakṣaṇaṃ nāma | tadetattrayaṃ pratītyotpadyamānaṃ cakṣurvijñānaṃ nāmarūpaṃ pratītyotpadyate | tadevameṣāmindriyaviṣayavijñānānāṃ trayāṇāṃ yaḥ saṃnipātaḥ sahotpādaḥ anyonyopakāreṇa tulyaṃ yā pravṛttiḥ, sa spṛṣṭilakṣaṇaḥ sparśaḥ | tata uttarakālam-
tasmātsparśācca vedanā saṃpravartate

iṣṭāniṣṭobhayaviparītaviṣayānubhūtirviṣayānubhavo vedanaṃ vittirvedanetyucyate | duḥkhā sukhā aduḥkhāsukhā ca trividhā | yathā caiṣāṃ rūpavijñānacakṣuṣāṃ trayāṇāṃ saṃnipātalakṣaṇaṃ sparśamāgamya ( Pp_243 ) vedanā uktā, evaṃ śeṣendriyaviṣayavijñānatrayasaṃnipātalakṣaṇasparśahetukā vedanā vyākhyeyā

tata uttarakālam-
vedanāpratyayā tṛṣṇā
saṃpravartate iti vartate | vedanā pratyayo yasyāstṛṣṇāyāḥ sā vedanāpratyayā | kiṃviṣayā punaḥ sā tṛṣṇā? vedanāviṣayaiva | kiṃ kāraṇam? yasmādasau tṛṣṇāluḥ
vedanārthaṃ hi tṛṣyate |
vedanānimittameva abhilāṣaṃ karotītyarthaḥ | kathaṃ kṛtvā? yadi tāvat sukhā vedanā asyopajāyate, sa tasyāḥ punaḥ punaḥ saṃyogārthaṃ paritṛṣyate | atha duḥkhā, tadā tasyā visaṃyogārthaṃ paritṛṣyate | atha aduḥkhāsukhā, tasyā api nityamaparibhraṃśārthaṃ paritṛṣyate | sa evam-
tṛṣyamāṇa upādānamupādatte caturvidham

sa evaṃ vedanāsvabhiniviṣṭaḥ saktaḥ tṛṣṇāpratyayaṃ kāmadṛṣṭiśīlavratātmavādopādānākhyaṃ caturvidhaṃ karmākṣepakāraṇaṃ parigṛhṇāti | tadevamasya tṛṣṇāpratyayamupādānaṃ bhavati

tata uttarakālam-
upādāne sati bhava upādātuḥ pravartate |
syāddhi yadyanupādāno mucyeta na bhavedbhavaḥ

pañca skandhāḥ sa ca bhavaḥ
caturvidhasya yathoktasya upādānasya upādātā grahītā utpādayitā | tasya upādātuḥ upādānapratyayo bhavaḥ upajāyate | kiṃ kāraṇam? yasmāt, yo hi anutpāditavedanātṛṣṇaḥ pratisaṃkhyānabalena tṛṣṇāmasvīkurvan, caturvidhamupādānaṃ pravihāya upādātā amalādvayajñānasaṃmukhībhāvāt syāddhi yadyanupādāno mucyeta saḥ | tadānīṃ tasya na bhavedbhavaḥ ||
kaḥ punarayaṃ bhavaḥ? pañca skandhāḥ sa ca bhavaḥ | yaḥ upādānāt pravartate, sa pañcaskandha svabhāvo veditavyaḥ | trividhamapi kāyikaṃ vācikaṃ mānasikaṃ ca karma bhavatyasmādanāgataṃ skandha pañcakaṃ bhavaḥ iti vyapadiśyate | tatra kāyikaṃ vācikaṃ karma rūpaskandhasvabhāvaṃ karmavijñaptitvāt | mānasaṃ tu catuḥskandhasvabhāvamiti | evaṃ sa bhavaḥ pañca skandhā iti vijñeyam | tasmāt-
bhavājjātiḥ pravartate |
anāgataskandhotpādo jātiḥ | sā ca bhavāt pravartate | tata uttarakālam-
jarāmaraṇaduḥkhādi śokāḥ saparidevanāḥ

daurmanasyamupāyāsā jāteretatpravartate |
jātihetukā ete jarāmaraṇādayaḥ pravartante | eṣāṃ ca yathāsūtrameva vyākhyānaṃ veditavyam | tatra skandhaparipāko jarā | jīrṇasya skandhabhedo maraṇam | mriyamāṇasya vigacchataḥ saṃmūḍhasya sāmiṣaṅgo hṛdayasaṃtāpaḥ śokaḥ | śokasamutthito vākpralāpaḥ paridevaḥ | pañcendriyāsātanipāto ( Pp_244 ) duḥkham | manoniṣṭanipāto daurmanasyam | duḥkhadaurmanasyabahutvasaṃbhūtā upāyāsāḥ | iti | tadevaṃ yathopavarṇitena nyāyena
kevalasyaivametasya duḥkhaskandhasya saṃbhavaḥ

kevalasyeti ātmātmīyasvabhāvavigatasya bālapṛthagjanaparikalpitamātrasya | duḥkhātmakasya sukhāvyāmiśrasyaivetyarthaḥ | evamiti hetupratyayamātrabalenaivetyarthaḥ | duḥkhaskandhasyeti duḥkhasamudāyasya duḥkhasamūhasya duḥkharāśerityarthaḥ

yataścaivaṃ yathopavarṇitādavidyādikādeva bhavāṅgānāṃ pravṛttiḥ, ataḥ-
saṃsāramūlānsaṃskārānavidvān saṃskarotyataḥ |
avidvān kārakastasmānna vidvāṃstattvadarśanāt

tatra saṃsārasya vijñānādipravṛttilakṣaṇasya mūlaṃ pradhānaṃ kāraṇaṃ saṃskārāḥ | tataśca saṃsāramūlān saṃskārānavidvān saṃskaroti ||
avidyānugato yaḥ pudgalo bhikṣavaḥ puṇyānapi saṃskārānabhisaṃskaroti, apuṇyānapi saṃskārānabhisaṃskaroti, āneñjyānapi saṃskārānabhisaṃskaroti ||
iti bhagavadvacanāt | yataścaivamavidvān kārakaḥ, tasmādavidvāneva pudgalaḥ kārako bhavati saṃskārāṇām, na vidvāṃstattvadarśī prahīṇāvidyaḥ | kiṃ kāraṇam? tattvadarśanāt tattvadarśane hi sarvapadārthanāmevānupalambhāt nāsti kiṃcid yadālambya karma kuryāditi

yataścaivamavidyāyāmeva satyāṃ saṃskārāḥ pravartante, asatyāṃ na pravartante, ataḥ-
avidyāyāṃ niruddhāyāṃ saṃskārāṇāmasaṃbhavaḥ |
hetuvaiyarthyāt | tasyāḥ punaravidyāyāḥ kuto nirodhaḥ ityāha-
avidyāyā nirodhastu jñānenāsyaiva bhāvanāt

asyaiva pratītyasamutpādasya yathāvadaviparītabhāvanātaḥ avidyā prahīyate | yo hi pratītyasamutpādaṃ samyak paśyati, sa sūkṣmasyāpi bhāvasya na svarūpamupalabhate | pratibimbasvaprālātacakramudgādivattu svabhāvaśūnyatāṃ sarveṣāṃ bhāvānāmavatarati | sa eva svabhāvaśūnyatāṃ sarveṣāṃ bhāvānāmavatīrṇo na kiṃcidvastu upalabhate bāhyamādhyātmikaṃ vā | so 'nupalabhamāno na kvaciddharme muhyati, amūḍhaśca karma na karotīti | evaṃ pratītyasamutpādabhāvanayā tattvamavatarati |tattvadarśinoyogino niyatameva avidyā prahīyate | prahīṇāvidyasya saṃskārā nirudhyante

yathā caivamavidyānirodhāt saṃskārā nirudhyante, evam-
tasya tasya nirodhena tattannābhipravartate |
duḥkhaskandhaḥ kevalo 'yamevaṃ samyaṅ nirudhyate