Nyāyasūtra with Vātsyāyana's Nyāyabhāṣya (with commentary) · Chapter 5

// iti vātsyāyanīye nyāyabhāṣye dvitīyādhyāyasya prathamamāhnikam //
atha nyāyabhāṣyadvitīyādhyāyasya dvitīyamānhikam //
********************** NySBh_2,2.1 **********************
ayathārthaḥ pramāṇoddeśa iti matvāha---
NyS_2,2.1: na catuṣṭvam aitihyārthāpattisaṃbhavābhāvaprāmāṇyāt //
na catvāryeva pramāṇāni|
kiṃ tarhi ?. aitihyamarthāpattiḥ saṃbhavo 'bhāva ityetānyapi pramāṇāni tāni kasmānnoktāni ?|
'iti hocuḥ' ity anirdiṣṭapravaktṛkaṃ pravādapāramparyam aitihyam|
arthādā pattiḥ arthāpattiḥ. āpattiḥ |
prāptiḥ |
prasaṅgaḥ, yatrābhidhīyamāne 'rthe yo 'nyo 'rthaḥ prasajyate so 'rthāpattiḥ yathā-- 'megheṣv asatsu vṛṣṭirna bhavatīti, kimatra prasajyate ? 'tatsu bhavatīti|
saṃbhavo nāma avinābhāvino 'rthasya sattāgrahaṇādanyasya sattagrahaṇaṃ yathā-- droṇasya sattāgrahaṇā-- dāḍhakasya sattāgrahaṇam. āḍhakasya grahaṇāt prasthasyeti|
abhāvaḥ-- virodhī abhūtaṃ bhūtasya. avidyamānaṃ varṣakarma vidyamānasya vāyvabhrasaṃyogasya pratipādakam-- vidhārake hi vāyvabhrasaṃyoge gurutvādapāṃ patanakarma na bhavatīti

********************** NySBh_2,2.2 **********************
satyam etāni pramāṇāni na tu pramāṇāntarāṇi. pramāṇāntaraṃ ca manyamānena pratiṣedha ucyate so 'yam--
NyS_2,2.2: śabda aitihyānarthāntarabhāvād anumāne 'rthāpattisaṃbhavābhāvānarthāntarabhāvāccāpratiṣedhaḥ //
anupapannaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ|
katham?, 'āptopadeśaḥ śabdaḥ' iti. na ca śabdalakṣaṇam aitihyād vyāvartate. soyaṃ bhedaḥ sāmānyāt saṃgṛhyate iti|
pratyakṣeṇāpratyakṣasya saṃbaddhasya prapittiranumānaṃ tathā cārthāpattisaṃbhavābhāvāḥ, vākyārthasaṃpratyayenānabhihitasyārthasya pratyakanīkabhāvād grahaṇam arthāpattiranumānameva, avinābhāvavṛttyā ca saṃbaddhayoḥ samudāyasamudāyinoḥ samudāyenetarasya grahaṇaṃ saṃbhavaḥ tadapyanumānameva, 'asmin satīdaṃ nopapadyate' iti virodhitve prasiddhe kāryānutpattyā kāraṇasya pratibandhakamanumīyate|
soyaṃ yathārtha eva pramāṇoddeśa iti 'satyametāni pramāṇāni na tu pramāṇāntarāṇītyuktam

********************** NySBh_2,2.3 **********************
atrārthāpatteḥ pramāṇabhāvābhyanujñā nopapadyate tathā hīyam---
NyS_2,2.3: arthāpattirapramāṇam anaikāntikatvāt //
asatsu megheṣu vṛṣṭirna bhavatīti satsu bhavati ityetadārthādāpadyate. satsvapi caikadā na bhavati. seyamarthāpattirapramāṇamiti

********************** NySBh_2,2.4 **********************
nānaikāntikatvamarthāpatteḥ---
NyS_2,2.4: anarthāpattau arthāpattyabhimānāt //
'asati kāraṇe kāryaṃ notpadyate' itivākyāt pratyanīkabhūto 'rthaḥ-- 'sati kāraṇe kāryamutpadyate' ityarthādāpadyate. abhāvasya hi bhāvaḥ pratyanīka iti. soyaṃ kāryotpādaḥ sati kāraṇe 'rthādāpadyamāno na kāraṇasya sattāṃ vyabhicarati-- na khalv asati kāraṇe kāryamutpadyate tasmād nānaikāntikī|
yattu 'sati kāraṇe nimittapratibandhāt kāryaṃ notpadyate' iti ?. kāraṇadharmo 'sau na tvarthāpatteḥ prameyam|
kiṃ tarhyasyāḥ prameyam ?, sati kāraṇe kāryamupadyate iti |
yo 'sau kāryotpādaḥ kāraṇasattāṃ na vyabhicarati tadasyāḥ prameyam|
evaṃ tu sati anarthāpattau arthāpattyabhimānaṃ kṛtvā pratiṣedha ucyate iti, dṛṣṭaśca kāraṇadharmo na śakyaḥ pratyākhyātumiti // 4 1/
********************** NySBh_2,2.5 **********************
NyS_2,2.5: pratiṣedhāprāmāṇyaṃ cānaikāntikatvāt //
'arthāpattir na pramāṇam-- anaikāntikatvāt' iti vākyaṃ pratiṣedhaḥ tenānena arthāpatteḥ pramāṇatvaṃ pratiṣidhyate na sadbhāvaḥ, evamanaikāntiko bhavati. anaikāntikatvādapramāṇenānena na kaścidarthaḥ pratiṣidhyate iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.6 **********************
artha manyase niyataviṣayeṣvartheṣu svaviṣaye vyabhicāro bhavati. na ca pratiṣedhasya sadbhāvo viṣayaḥ ?, evaṃ tarhi---
NyS_2,2.6: tatprāmāṇye vā nārthāpattyaprāmāṇyam //
athāṅpatterapi kāryotpādane kāraṇasattāyā avyabhicāro viṣayaḥ na ca kāraṇadharmo nimittapratibandhāt kāyāṅnutpādakatvamiti

********************** NySBh_2,2.7 **********************
abhāvasya tarhi pramāṇabhāvābhyanujñā nopapadyate. kathamiti ?---
NyS_2,2.7: nābhāvaprāmāṇyam prameyāsiddheḥ //
abhāvasya bhūyasi prameye lokasiddhe vaiyātyāducyate--
"nābhāvaprāmāṇyam-- prameyāsiddheḥ"
iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.8 **********************
athāyamarthabahutvādarthaikadeśa udāhriyate---
NyS_2,2.8: lakṣiteṣvalakṣaṇalakṣitatvādalakṣitānāṃ tatprameyasiddhiḥ //
tasyābhāvasya sidhyati prameyam|
katham ?. lakṣiteṣu vāsaḥsu anupādeyeṣu, upādeyānāmalakṣitānām alakṣaṇalakṣitatvāt = lakṣaṇābhāvena lakṣitatvāditi, ubhayasaṃnidhau' alakṣitāni vāsāṃsyānaya' iti prayukto yeṣu vāsaḥsatu lakṣaṇāni na bhavanti tāni lakṣaṇābhāvena pratipadyate pratipadya cānayati pratipattihetuśca pramāṇamiti

********************** NySBh_2,2.9 **********************
NyS_2,2.9: asatyarthe nābhāva iti cen nānyalakṣaṇopapatteḥ //
yatra bhūtvā kiñcinna bhavati tatra tasyābhāva upapadyate. na cālakṣiteṣu vāsaḥsu lakṣaṇāni bhūtvā na bhavanti. tasmātteṣu lakṣaṇābhāvo 'nupapanna iti, na-- anyalakṣaṇopapatteḥ |
yathāyamanyeṣu vāsaḥsu lakṣaṇānāmupapattiṃ paśyati naivamalakṣiteṣu soyaṃ lakṣaṇābhāvaṃ paśyan abhāvenārthaṃ pratipadyate iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.10 **********************
NyS_2,2.10: tatsiddheralakṣiteṣvahetuḥ //
teṣu vāsaḥsu lakṣiteṣu siddhiḥ |
vidyamānatā yeṣāṃ bhavati na teṣāmabhāvo lakṣaṇānām |
yāni ca lakṣiteṣu vidyante lakṣaṇāni teṣāmalakṣiteṣvabhāva ity ahetuḥ-- yāni khalu bhavanti teṣāmabhāvo vyāhata iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.11 **********************
NyS_2,2.11: na lakṣaṇāvasthitāpekṣāsiddheḥ //
na brūmo yāni lakṣaṇāni bhavanti teṣāmabhāva iti kiṃ tu keṣu cillakṣaṇānyavasthitāni, anavasthitāni keṣucit. apekṣamāṇo yeṣu lakṣaṇānāṃ bhāvaṃ na paśyati tāni lakṣaṇābhāvena prapidyate iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.12 **********************
NyS_2,2.12: prāgutpatterabhāvopapatteśca //
abhāvadvaitaṃ khalu bhavati-- prāk cotpatteravidyamānatā. utpannasya cātmano hānādavidyamānatā. tatrālakṣiteṣu vāsaḥsu prāgutpatteravidyamānatālakṣaṇo lakṣaṇānāmabhāvo netara iti

"āptopadeśaḥ śabdaḥ 1-1-7"
iti pramāṇabhāve viśeṣaṇaṃ bruvatā 'nānāprakāraḥ śabdaḥ' iti jñāpyate. tasmin sāmānyena vicāraḥ-- kiṃ nityo 'thānityaḥ ? iti, vimarśahetvanuyoge ca vipratipatteḥ saṃśayaḥ, 'ākāśaguṇaḥ śabdo vibhurnityo 'bhivyaktidharmakaḥ' ityeke, gandhādisahavṛttirdravyeṣu saṃniviṣṭo gandhādivadavasthito 'bhivyaktidharmakaḥ' ityapare, 'ākāśaguṇaḥ śabda utpattinirodhadharmako buddhivat' ityapare, 'mahābhūtasaṃkṣobhajaḥ śabdo 'nāśrita utpattidharmako nirodhadharmakaḥ' ityanye. ataḥ saṃśayaḥ-- kimatra tattvam ? iti, 'anityaḥ śabdaḥ' ityuttaram |
********************** NySBh_2,2.13 **********************
katham ?---
NyS_2,2.13: ādimattvādaindriyakatvāt kṛtakavadupacārācca //
ādiḥuyoniḥukāraṇam-- ādīyate 'smāditi. kāraṇavad anityaṃ dṛṣṭam. saṃyogavibhāgajaśca śabdaḥ kāraṇavattvādanitya iti|
kā punariyam arthadeśānā-- 'kāraṇavattvāt' iti ?, utpattidharmakattvādanityaḥ śabda iti = bhūtvā na bhavati = vināśadharmaka iti|
sāṃśayikametat-- kimutpattikāraṇaṃ saṃyogavibhāgau śabdasya ? āhosvidabhivyaktikāraṇam?. ityata āha-- aindriyakatvāt (iti) indriyapratyāsattigrāhya aindriyakaḥ|
kimayaṃ vyañjakena samānadeśo 'bhivyajyate rūpādivat ? atha saṃyogajācchabdācchabdasaṃtāne sati śrotrapratyāsanno gṛhyate ? iti--- saṃyoganivṛttau śabdagrahaṇānna vyañjakena samānadeśasya grahaṇam1|
dāruvraścane dāruparaśusaṃyoganivṛttau dūrasthena śabdo gṛhyate. na ca vyañjakābhāve vyaṅgyagrahaṇaṃ bhavati tasmānna vyañjakaḥ saṃyogaḥ, utpādake tu saṃyoge saṃyogajācchabdācchabdasantāne sati śrotrapratyāsannasya grahaṇamiti yuktaṃ saṃyoganivṛttau śabdasya grahaṇamiti|
itaścaśabda utpadyate nābhivyajyate-- kṛtakavadupacārātu 'tīvraṃ mandam' iti kṛtakamupacaryate-- 'tīvraṃ sukhaṃ mandaṃ sukham. tīvraṃ duḥkhaṃ mandaṃ duḥkham' iti. upacaryate ca-- 'tīvraḥ śabdo mandaḥ śabdaḥ' iti|
vyañjakasya tathābhāvād grahaṇasya tīvramandatā rūpavaditi cet ? na-- abhibhavopapatteḥ|
saṃyogasya vyañjakasya tīvramandatayā śabdagrahaṇasya tīvramandatā bhavati na tu śabdo bhidyate yathā prakāśasya tīvramandatayā rūpagrahaṇasyeti, tacca naivam-- abhibhavopapatteḥu tīvro bherīśabdo mandaṃ tantrīśabdam abhibhavati na mandaḥ, na ca śabdagrahaṇamabhibhāvakaṃ śabdaśca na bhidyate (iti), śabde tu bhidyamāne yukto 'bhibhavaḥ tasmādutpadyate śabdo nābhivyajyate iti|
abhibhavānupapattiśyaca-- vyañjakasamānadeśasyābhivyaktau prāptyabhāvāt3|
'vyañjakena samānadeśo 'bhivyajyate śabdaḥ' ityetasmin pakṣe nopapadyate 'bhibhavaḥ-- na hi bherīśabdena tantrīsvanaḥ prāpta iti|
aprāpte 'bhibhava iticet ? śabdamātrābhibhavaprasaṅgaḥ4|
artha manyeta 'asatyāṃ prāptāvabhibhavo bhavatīti, evaṃ sati yathā bherīśabdaḥ kañcit tantrīsvanamabhibhavati evamantikasthopādānāniva davīyaḥsthopādānānapi tantrīsvanānabhibhavet-- aprāpteraviśeṣāt. tatra kvacideva bheryā praṇāditāyāṃ sarvalokeṣu samānakālāstantrīsvanā na śrūyeran iti|
nānābhūteṣu śabdasantāneṣu satsu śrotrapratyāsattibhāvena kasyacicchabdasyautīvreṇa mandasyābhibhavo yukta iti|
kaḥ punarayamabhibhavo nāma ?, grāhyasamānajātīyagrahaṇakṛtamagrahaṇam abhibhavaḥ yatholkāprakāśasya grahaṇārhasyādityaprakāśeneti

********************** NySBh_2,2.14 **********************
NyS_2,2.14: na ghaṭābhāvasāmānyanityatvād nityeṣvapyanityavadupacārācca //
na khalvādimattvādanityaḥ śabdaḥ|
kasmāt ?, vyabhicārāt = ādimataḥ khalu ghaṭābhāvasya dṛṣṭaṃ nityatvam|
kathamādimān ?, kāraṇavibhāgebhyo hi ghaṭo na bhavati|
kathamasya nityatvam ? yo 'sau kāraṇavibhāgebhyo na bhavati na tasyābhāvo bhāvena kadācid nirvartyate iti|
yadapi aindriyakatvāt. (iti) tadapi vyabhicarati = aindriyakaṃ ca sāmānyaṃ nityaṃ ceti|
yadapi kṛtakavadupacārāditi. etadapi vyabhicarati nityeṣvanityavadupacāro dṛṣṭo yathā hi bhavati-- 'vṛkṣasya pradeśaḥ kambalasya pradeśaḥ' evam-- 'ākāśasya pradeśa ātmanaḥ pradeśaḥ' iti bhavatīti

********************** NySBh_2,2.15 **********************
NyS_2,2.15: tattvabhāktayornānātvavibhāgādavyabhicāraḥ //
nityamityatra kiṃ tāvat tattvam ?, arthāntarasyānutpattidharmakasyātmahānānupapattirnityatvaṃ taccābhāve nopapadyate, bhāktaṃ tu bhavati-- yattatrātmānamahāsītuyad bhūtvā na bhavati na jātu tat punarbhavati. tatra nitya iva nityo ghaṭābhāva ityayaṃ padārtha iti|
tatra yathājātīyakaḥ śabdo na tathājātīyakaṃ kāryaṃ kiñcid nityaṃ dṛśyate ity avyabhicāraḥ

********************** NySBh_2,2.16 **********************
yadapi 'sāmānyanityatvāt' iti. indriyapratyāsattigrāhyam aindriyakam iti---
NyS_2,2.16: santānānumānaviśeṣaṇāt //
'nityeṣvavyabhicāraḥ' iti prakṛtam, nendriyagrahaṇasāmarthyāt śabdasyānityatvam|
kiṃ tarhi ?, indriyapratyāsattigrāhyatvāt saṃtānānumānaṃ tenānityatvamiti

********************** NySBh_2,2.17 **********************
yadapi-- 'nityeṣvapyanityavadupacārāt' iti. na---
NyS_2,2.17: kāraṇadravyasya pradeśaśabdenābhidhānād nityeṣvapyavyabhicāra iti //
'evamākāśapradeśaḥ ātmapradeśaḥ' iti. nātrākāśātmanoḥ kāraṇadravyamabhidhīyate yathā kṛtakasya|
kathaṃ hyavidyamānamabhidhīyate, avidyamānatā ca pramāṇato 'nupalabdheḥ|
kiṃ tarhi tatrābhidhīyate ?, saṃyogasyāvyāpyavṛttitvamuparicchinnena dravyeṇākāśasvaya saṃyogo nākāśaṃ vyāpnoti = avyāpya vartate iti. tadasya kṛtakena dravyeṇa sāmānyam, na hyāmalakayoḥ saṃyogāśrayaṃ vyāpnoti, sāmānyakṛtā ca bhaktiḥ-- 'ākāśasya pradeśaḥ' iti, anenātmapradeśo vyākhyātaḥ|
saṃyogavacca śabdabuddhyādīnāmavyāpyavṛttitvamiti|
parīkṣitā ca tīvramandatā śabdatattvaṃ na bhaktikṛteti|
kasmāt punaḥ sūtrakārasyāsminnarthe sūtraṃ na śrūyate iti ?, śīlamidaṃ bhagavataḥ sūtrakārasya bahuṣvadhikaraṇeṣu dvau pakṣau na vyavasthāpayati, tatra śāstrasiddhāntāt tattvāvadhāraṇaṃ pratipattumarhatīti manyate, śāstrasiddhāntastu nyāyasamākhyātamanumataṃ bahuśākhamanumānamiti

********************** NySBh_2,2.18 **********************
athāpi khalu 'idamasti idaṃ nāstīti kuta etat pratipattavyamiti ?, pramāṇata upalabdheranupalabdheśceti, avidyamānastarhi śabdaḥ---
NyS_2,2.18: prāguccāraṇādanupalabdherāvaraṇādyanupalabdheśca //
prāguccāraṇānnasti śabdaḥ|
kasmāt ? anupalabdheḥ, sato 'nupalabdhirāvaraṇādibhya etannopapadyate|
kasmāt ?. āvaraṇādīnāmanupalabdhikāraṇānāmagrahaṇāt = anenāvṛtaḥ śabdo nopalabhyate asaṃnikṛṣṭaścendriyavyavadhānād ityevamādi anupalabdhikāraṇaṃ na gṛhyate iti. so 'yamanuccārito nāstīti|
uccāraṇamasya vyañjakaṃ tadabhāvāt prāguccāraṇādanupalabdhiriti|
kimidamuccāraṇaṃ nāmeti ?, vivakṣājanitena prayatnena koṣṭhyasya vāyoḥ preritasya kaṇṭhatālvādipratighātād varṇābhivyaktiriti|
saṃyogaviśeṣo vai pratighātaḥ pratiṣiddhaṃ ca saṃyogasya vyañjakatvaṃ tasmānna vyañjakābhāvādagrahaṇam api tvabhāvādeveti. soyamuccāryamāṇaḥ śrūyate śrūyamāṇaścābhūtvā bhavati ityanumīyate. ūrdhvañcoccāraṇānna śrūyate sa bhūtvā na bhavati = abhāvānna śrūyate iti|
katham ?. "āvaraṇādyanupalabdheḥ"ityuktaṃ tasmādutpattitirobhāvadharmakaḥ śabda iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.19 **********************
evaṃ ca sati tattvaṃ pāṃśubhirivāvākirannidamāha---
NyS_2,2.19: tadanupalabdheranupalambhādāvaraṇopapattiḥ //
yadyanupalambhādāvaraṇaṃ nāsti ?. āvaraṇānupalabdhirapi tarhyanupalambhānnāstīti. tasyā abhāvādapratiṣiddhamāvaraṇamiti|
kathaṃ punarjānīte bhavān nāvaraṇānupalabdhirupalabhyate ? iti|
kimatra jñeyaṃ pratyātmavedanīyatvāt|
samānam = ayaṃ khalvāvaraṇamanupalabhamānaḥ pratyātmameva saṃvedayate-- 'nāvaraṇamupalabhe' iti, yathā kuḍyenāvṛtasyāvaraṇamupalabhamānaḥ pratyātmameva saṃvedayate, seyamāvaraṇopalabdhivad āvaraṇānupalabdhirapi saṃvedyaiveti, evaṃ ca satyapahṛtaviṣayamuttaravākyamastīti

********************** NySBh_2,2.20 **********************
abhyanujñāvādeva tūcyate jātivādinā---
NyS_2,2.20: anupalambhādapyanupalabdhisadbhāvavad nāvaraṇānupapattiranupalambhāt //
yathānupalabhyamānāpyāvaraṇānupalabdhirasti evamanupalabhyamānamapyāvaraṇamastīti|
yadyabhyanujānāti bhavān-- 'nānupalīyamānāvaraṇānupalabdhirastīti. abhyanujñāvaya ca vadati-- 'nāstyāvaraṇamanupalambhāt' ityetat. etasminnapyabhyanujñāvāde pratipattiniyamo nopapadyate iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.21 **********************
NyS_2,2.21: anupalambhātmakatvādanupalabdherahetuḥ //
yudapalabhyate tadasti. yannopalabhyate tannāstīti anupalambhātmakam asaditi vyavasthitam, upalabdhyabhāvaścānupalabdhiriti seyamabhāvatvānnopalabhyate sacaca khalvāvaraṇaṃ tasyopalabdhyā bhavitavyaṃ na nopalabhyate tasmānnāstīti|
tatra yaduktam-- "nāvaraṇānupapattiranupalambhāt" ity ayuktamiti

********************** NySBh_2,2.22 **********************
atha śabdasya nityatvaṃ pratijānānaḥ kasmād hetoḥ pratijānīte ?---
NyS_2,2.22: asparśatvāt //
asparśamākāśaṃ nityaṃ dṛṣṭamiti tathā ca śabda iti

so 'yamubhayataḥ savyabhicāraḥ-- sparśavāṃścāṇurnityaḥ. asparśaṃ ca karmānityaṃ dṛṣṭam|
"asparśatvāt" ityetasya sādhyasādharmyeṇodāharaṇam---
********************** NySBh_2,2.23 **********************
NyS_2,2.23: na karmānityatvāt //
sādhyavaidharmyeṇodāharaṇam---
********************** NySBh_2,2.24 **********************
NyS_2,2.24: nāṇunityatvāt //
ubhayasminnudāharaṇe vyabhicārānna hetuḥ

********************** NySBh_2,2.25 **********************
ayaṃ tarhi hetuḥ---
NyS_2,2.25: saṃpradānāt //
saṃpradīyamānamavasthitaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ saṃpradīyate ca śabda ācāryeṇāntevāsine tasmādavasthita iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.26 **********************
NyS_2,2.26: tadantarālānupalabdherahetuḥ //
yena saṃpradīyate yasmai ca tayorantarāle 'vasthānamasya kena liṅgenopalabhyate ?, sapradīyamāno hyavasthitaḥ saṃprādāturapaiti saṃpradānaṃ ca prāpnoti ityavarjanīyametat

********************** NySBh_2,2.27 **********************
NyS_2,2.27: adhyāpanādapratiṣedhaḥ //
adhyāpanaṃ liṅgam-- asati saṃpradāne 'dhyāpanaṃ na syāditi

********************** NySBh_2,2.28 **********************
NyS_2,2.28: ubhayoḥ pakṣayoranyatarasyādhyāpanādapratiṣedhaḥ //
samānamadhyāpanamubhayoḥ pakṣayoḥ-- saṃśayānivṛtteḥ-- kimācāryasthaḥ śabdo 'stevāsinamāpadyate tadadhyāpanam ? āho svit nṛtyopadeśavad gṛhītasyānukaraṇam adhyāpanam ? iti,
evamadhyāpanamaliṅgaṃ saṃpradānasyeti

********************** NySBh_2,2.29 **********************
ayaṃ tarhi hetuḥ---
NyS_2,2.29: abhyāsāt //
abhyasyamānamavasthitaṃ dṛṣṭam-- 'pañcakṛtvaḥ paśyatīti rūpamavasthitaṃ punaḥ punardṛśyate, bhavati ca śabde 'bhyāsaḥ-- 'daśakṛtvo 'dhīto 'nuvākaḥ viṃśatikṛtvo 'dhītaḥ' iti, tasmādavasthitasya punaḥ punaruccāraṇam abhyāsa iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.30 **********************
NyS_2,2.30: nānyatvepyabhyāsasyopacārāt //
anavasthānepyabhyāsasyābhidhānaṃ bhavati-- 'dvirnṛtyatu bhavān trirnṛtyatu bhavān' iti 'dviranṛtyat triranṛtyat' 'dviragnihotraṃ juhoti' 'dvirbhuṅkte' (iti)

********************** NySBh_2,2.31 **********************
evaṃ vyabhicārāt pratiṣiddhahetau anyaśabdasya prayogaḥ pratiṣidhyate---
NyS_2,2.31: anyadanyasmād ananyatvādananyadityanyatābhāvaḥ //
yadidam 'anyat' iti manyase tat svātmano 'nanyatvādanyanna bhavati evamanyatāyā abhāvaḥ, tatra yaduktam-- 'anyatvepyabhyāsopacārāt' iti etadayuktamiti

********************** NySBh_2,2.32 **********************
śabdaprayogaṃ pratiṣedhataḥ śabdāntaraprayogaḥ pratiṣidhyate---
NyS_2,2.32: tadabhāve nāstyananyatā tayoritaretarāpekṣasiddheḥ //
anyasmād anyatāmupapādayati bhavān upapādya ca anyat pratyācaṣṭe, 'ananyat' iti ca śabdamanujānāti. prayuṅkte ca 'ananyat' iti etat samāsapadam. anyaśabdoyaṃ pratiṣedhena saha samasyate. yadi cātrottaraṃ padaṃ nāsti kasyāyaṃ pratiṣedhenana saha samāsaḥ ?, tasmāt tayoranyānanyaśabdayoritaro 'nanyaśabda itaramanyaśabdamapekṣamāṇaḥ sidhyatīti tatra yaduktam-- 'anyatāyā abhāvaḥ' iti etadayuktamiti

********************** NySBh_2,2.33 **********************
astu tarhidānīṃ śabdasya nityatvam---
NyS_2,2.33: vināśakāraṇānupalabdheḥ //
yadanityaṃ tasya vināśaḥ kāraṇād bhavati yathā loṣṭasya kāraṇadravyavibhāgāt, śabdaścedanityastasya vināśo yasmātkāraṇād bhavati tadupalabhyeta na copalabhyate tasmānnitya iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.34 **********************
NyS_2,2.34: aśravaṇakāraṇānupalabdheḥ satataśravaṇaprasaṅgaḥ //
yathā vināśakāraṇānupalabdheravināśaprasaṅgaḥ evamaśravaṇakāraṇānupalabdheḥ satataṃ śravaṇaprasaṅgaḥ|
vyañjakābhāvādaśravaṇamiticet ?. pratiṣiddhaṃ vyañjakam|
atha vidyamānasya nirnimittam aśravaṇamiti ?. vidyamānasya nirnimitto vināśa iti|
samānaśca dṛṣṭavirodho nimittamantareṇa vināśe cāśrivaṇe ceti

********************** NySBh_2,2.35 **********************
NyS_2,2.35: upalabhyamāne cānupalabdherasattvād anapadeśaḥ //
anumānāccopalabhyamāne śabdasya vināśakaraṇe 'bavanāśakāraṇānupalabdheḥ = asattvāt' ityanapadeśaḥ yathā 'yasmādviṣāṇī tasmādaśvaḥ' iti|
kimanumānamiticet ?. saṃtānopapattiḥ, upapāditaḥ śabdasaṃtānaḥ-- saṃyogavibhāgajāt śabdācchabdāntaraṃ tatopyanyat tatopyanyaditi, tatra kāryaḥ śabdaḥ kāraṇaśabdaṃ viruṇaddhi. pratighātidravyasaṃyogastu antyasya śabdasya nirodhakaḥ, dṛṣṭaṃ hi tiraḥpratikuḍyamantikasthenāpyaśravaṇaṃ śabdasya śravaṇaṃ dūrasthenāpyasati vyavadhāne iti|
ghaṇṭāyāmabhihanyamānāyāṃ tārastārataro mando mandatara iti śrutibhedād nānāśabdasaṃtāno 'vicchedena śrūyate, tatra nitye śabde ghaṇṭāsthamanyagataṃ vāvasthitaṃ saṃtānavṛtti vā abhivyaktikāraṇaṃ vācyaṃ yena śrutisaṃtāno bhavatīti, śabdabhede cāsati śrutibheda upapādayitavya iti|
anitye tu śabde ghaṇṭāsthaṃ saṃtānavṛtti saṃyogasahakāri nimittāntaraṃ saṃskārabhūtaṃ paṭumandamanuvartate tasyānuvṛttyā śabdasaṃtānānuvṛttiḥ paṭumandabhāvācca tīvramandatā śabdasya. tatkṛtaśca śrutibheda iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.36 **********************
na vai nirnimittāntaraṃ saṃskāra upalabhyate anupalabdhernāstīti---
NyS_2,2.36: pāṇinimittapraśleṣācchabdābhāve nānupalabdhiḥ //
pāṇikarmaṇā pāṇighaṇṭāpraśleṣo bhavati tasmiṃśca sati śabdasaṃtāno nopalabhyate ataḥ śravaṇānupapattiḥ, tatra pratighātidravyasaṃyogaḥ śabdasya nimittāntaraṃ saṃskārabhūtaṃ niruṇaddhītyanumīyate. tasya ca nirodhāt śabdasaṃtāno notpadyate anutpanne ca śrutivicchedaḥ, yathā pratighātidravyasaṃyogādiṣoḥ kriyāhetau saṃskāre niruddhe gamanābhāva iti|
kampasaṃtānasya sparśanendriyagrāhyasya coparamaḥ kāṃsyapātrādiṣu pāṇisaṃśleṣo liṅgaṃ saṃskārasaṃtānasyeti, tasmānnimittāntarasya saṃskārabhūtasya nānupalabdhiriti

********************** NySBh_2,2.37 **********************
NyS_2,2.37: vināśakāraṇānupalabdheścāvasthāne tannityatvaprasaṅgaḥ //
yadi yasya vināśakāraṇaṃ nopalabhyate tadavatiṣṭhate avasthānācca tasya nityatvaṃ prasajyate ? evaṃ yāni khalpimāni śabdaśravaṇāni śabdābhivyaktaya iti mataṃ na teṣāṃ vināśakāraṇaṃ bhavatopapādyate anupapādanādavasthānam avasthānāt teṣāṃ nityatvaṃ prasajyate iti, atha naivam ?ḥ na tarhi vināśakāraṇānupalabdheḥ śabdasyāvasthānānnityatvamiti

********************** NySBh_2,2.38 **********************
kampasamānāśrayasya cānunādasya pāṇipraśleṣāt kāraṇoparamādabhāvaḥ, vaiyadhikaraṇye hi pratighātidravyāpraśleṣāt samānādhikaraṇasyaivoparamaḥ syāditi|
NyS_2,2.38: asparśatvādapratiṣedhaḥ //
yadidam 'nākāśaguṇaḥ śabdaḥ' iti pratiṣidhyate. ayamanupapannaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ-- asparśatvāt śabdāśrayasya, rūpādisamānadeśasyāgrahaṇe śabdasaṃtānopapatterasparśavyāpidravyāśrayaḥ śabdaḥ iti jñāyate na ca kampasamānāśraya iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.39 **********************
pratidravyaṃ rūpādibhiḥ saha saṃniviṣṭaḥ śabdaḥ samānadeśo vyajyate iti nopapadyate|
katham ?
NyS_2,2.39: vibhaktyantaropapatteśca samāse //
saṃtānopapatteśceti cārthaḥ, tad vyākhyātam|
yadi rūpādayaḥ śabdaśca pratidravyaṃ samastāḥusamuditāstasmin samāsasamudāye yo yathājātīyakaḥ saṃniviṣṭastasya tathājātīyasyaiva grahaṇena bhavitavyaṃ śabdasya rūpādivat, tatra yo 'yaṃ vibhāgaḥ eka dravye nānārūpā bhinnaśrutayo vidharmāṇaḥ śabdaḥ abhivyajyamānāḥ yacca vibhāgāntaraṃ sarūpāḥ samānaśrutayaḥ sadharmāṇaḥ śabdāḥ tīvramandadharmatayā bhinnāḥ śrūyante. tadubhayaṃ nopapadyate-- nānābhūtānāmutpadyamānānāmayaṃ dharmo naikasya vyajyamānasyeti|
asti cāyaṃ vibhāgo vibhāgāntaraṃ ca tena vibhāgopapattermanyāmahe-- na pratidravyaṃ rūpādibhiḥ saha śabdaḥ saṃniviṣṭo vyajyate iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.40 **********************
dvividhaścāyaṃ śabdaḥ-- varṇātmako dhvanimātraśca tatra varṇātmani tāvat---
NyS_2,2.40: vikārādeśopadeśāt saṃśayaḥ //
'dadhyatra' iti kecid ikāraḥ itvaṃ hitvā yatvamāpadyate iti vikāraṃ manyante, kecid ikārasya prayoge viṣayakṛte yad ikāraḥ sthānaṃ jahāti tatra yakārasya prayogaṃ bruvate, saṃhitāyāṃ viṣaye ikāro na prayujyate tasya sthāne yakāraḥ prayujyate sa ādeśa iti, ubhayamidamupadiśyate tatra na jñāyate kiṃ tattvamiti //
ādeśopadeśastattvam--- vikāropadeśe hyanvayasyāgrahaṇād vikārānanumānamiti5|
satyanvaye kiñcid nivartate kiñcidupajāyate iti śakyeta vikāro 'numātuṃ na cānvayo gṛhyate tasmād vikāro nāstīti//
bhinnakaraṇayośca varṇayoraprayoge prayogopapattiḥ|
vivṛtakaraṇa ikāraḥ īṣatspṛṣṭakaraṇo yakāraḥ tāvimau pṛthak karaṇākhyena prayatnenoccāraṇīyau tayorekasyāprayoge 'nyasya prayoga upapanna iti//
avikāre cāviśeṣaḥ7|
yatremau ikārayakārau na vikārabhūtau-- 'yatate. cachati. prāyaṃmta' iti. 'ikāraḥ idam' iti ca, yatra ca vikārabhūtau-- 'dṛṣṭyā' 'dadhyāhara' iti ubhayatra prayokturaviśeṣo yatnaḥ śrotuśca śrutiratyādeśopipattiḥ //
prayujyamānāgrahaṇācca8|
na khalu ikāraḥ prayujyamāno yakāratāmāpadyamāno gṛhyate, kiṃ tarhi ?. ikārasya prayoge yakāraḥ prayujyate. tasmādavikāra iti //
avikāre ca na śabdānvākhyānalopa9ḥ|
na vikriyante vaṇā iti|
na caitasmin pakṣe śabdānvākhyānasyāsaṃbhavo yena varṇavikāraṃ pratipadyemahīti|
na khalu varṇasya varṇāntaraṃ kāryam-- na hi ikārād yakāra utpadyate yakārādvā ikāraḥ, pṛthaksthānaprayatnotpādyā hīme varṇāsteṣāmanyo 'nyasya sthāne prayujyate iti yuktam|
etāvaccaitat paraṇāmo vikāraḥ syāt kāryakāraṇabhāvo vā, ubhayaṃ ca nāsti tasmānna santi varṇavikāraḥ //
varṇasamudāyavikārānupapattivacca varṇavikārānupapa10ttiḥ/
"asterbhūḥ" "bruvo vaciḥ"iti yathā varṇasamudāyasya dhātulakṣaṇasya kvacidviṣaye varṇāntarasamudāyo na paraṇāmo ni kāryaṃ śabdāntarasya sthāne śabdāntaraṃ prayujyate tathā varṇasya varṇāntaramiti

********************** NySBh_2,2.41 **********************
itaśca na santi vikārāḥ---
NyS_2,2.41: prakṛtivivṛdvau vikāravṛddheḥ //
prakṛtyanuvidhānaṃ vikāreṣu dṛṣṭaṃ yakāre hasvadīrghānuvidhānaṃ nāsti yena vikāratvamanumīyata iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.42 **********************
NyS_2,2.42: nyūnasamādhikopalabdhervikārāṇāmahetuḥ //
davyavikārā nyūnāḥ samā adhikāśca gṛhyante. tadvadayaṃ vikāro nyūnaḥ syāditi|
dvividhasyāpi hetor abhāvād asādhanaṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ-- atra nodāharaṇasādharmyād heturasti na vaidharmyāt. anupasaṃhṛtaśca hetunā dṛṣṭānto na sādhaka iti //
pratidṛṣṭānte cāniyamaḥ prasajyeta10|
yathānaḍuhaḥ sthāne 'śvo voḍuṃ niyukto na tadvikāro bhavati. evamivarṇasya sthāne yakāraḥ prayukto na vikāra iti|
na cātra niyamaheturasti-- dṛṣṭāntaḥ sādhako na pratidṛṣṭānta iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.43 **********************
dravyavikārodāharaṇaṃ ca---
NyS_2,2.43: nātulyaprakṛtīnāṃ vikāravikalpāt //
atulyānāṃ dravyāṇāṃ prakṛtibhāvo vikalpane vikāraśca prakṛtīranuvidhīyate, na tvivarṇamanuvidhīyate yakāraḥ tasmādanudāharaṇam-- 'dravyavikāraḥ' iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.44 **********************
NyS_2,2.44: dravyavikāre vaiṣamyavad varṇavikāravikalpaḥ //
yathā dravyabhāvena tulyāyāḥ prakṛtervikāravaiṣamyam evaṃ varṇabhāvena tulyāyāḥ prakṛtervikāravikalpa iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.45 **********************
NyS_2,2.45: na vikāradharmānupapatteḥ //
ayaṃ vikāradharmaḥ-- dravyasāmānye yadātmakaṃ dravyaṃ mṛdvā suvarṇaṃ vā tasyātmano 'nvaye pūrvo vyūho nivartate vyūhāntaraṃ copajāyate taṃ vikāramācakṣate, na varṇasāmānye kaścid śabdātmānvayī ya itvaṃ jahāti yatvaṃ cāpadyate, tatra yathā sati dravyabhāve vikāravaiṣamye nānaḍuho 'śvo vikāraḥ-- vikāradharmānupapatteḥ, evamivarṇasya na yakāro vikāraḥ-- vikāradharmānupapatteriti

********************** NySBh_2,2.46 **********************
itaśca na santi varṇavikārāḥ---
NyS_2,2.46: vikāraprāptānāmapunarāpatteḥ //
anupapannā punarāpattiḥ|
katham ?. punarāpatterananumānāditi|
ikāro yakāratvamāpannaḥ punarikāro bhavati|
na punarikāsya sthāne yakārasya prayoga ityatrānumānaṃ nāsti ?

********************** NySBh_2,2.47 **********************
NyS_2,2.47: suvarṇādīnāṃ punarāpatterahetuḥ //
ananumānāditi na-- idaṃ hyanumānam-- suvarṇaṃ kuṇḍalatvaṃ hitvā rucakatvamāpadyate rucakatvaṃ hitvā punaḥ kuṇḍalatvamāpadyate, evamikāro yaṇi yakāratvamāpannaḥ punarikāro bhavatīti

vyabhicārādananumānam-- yathā payo dadhibhāvamāpannaṃ punaḥ payo na bhavati-- kimevaṃ varṇānāṃ na punarāpattiḥ ?. atha suvarṇavat punarāpattiriti ?
********************** NySBh_2,2.48 **********************
sūvarṇodāharaṇopapattiśca---
NyS_2,2.48: na tadvikārāṇāṃ suvarṇabhāvāvyatirekāt //
avasthitaṃ suvarṇaṃ hīyamānenopajāyamānena ca dharmeṇa dharmi bhavati naivaṃ kaścit śabdātmā hīyamānena itvena upajāyamānena yatvena ca dharmī gṛhyate tasmāt suvarṇodāharaṇaṃ nopapadyate iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.49 **********************
NyS_2,2.49: varṇatvāvyatirekād varṇavikārāṇāmapratiṣedhaḥ //
varṇavikārā api varṇatvaṃ na vyabhicaranti yathā suvarṇavikāraḥ suvarṇatvamiti

********************** NySBh_2,2.50 **********************
NyS_2,2.50: sāmānyavato dharmayogo na sāmānyasya //
kuṇḍalarucakau suvarṇasya dharmauṃ na suvarṇatvasya. evamikārayakārau kasya varṇātmano dharmauṃ ? varṇatvaṃ sāmānyaṃ na tasyemau dharmauṃ bhavitumarhataḥ, na ca nivartamāno dharma upajāyamānasya prakṛtiḥutatra nivartamāna ikāro na yakārasyopajāyamānasya prakṛtiriti

********************** NySBh_2,2.51 **********************
itaśca varṇavikārānupapattiḥ---
NyS_2,2.51: nityatve 'vikārādanityatve cānavasthānāt //
'nityā varṇāḥ' ityetasminṛ pakṣe ikārayakārau varṇauṃ ityubhayornityatvād vikārānupapattiḥ, nityatve 'vināśitvāt kaḥ kasya vikāra iti ?|
atha 'anityā varṇāḥ' itipakṣaḥ ? evamapyanavasthānaṃ varṇānām|
kimidamanavasthānaṃ varṇānām ?, utpadya nirodhaḥ, utpadya niruddhe ikāre yakāra utpadyate. yakāre cotpadya niruddhe ikāra utpadyate, kaḥ kasya vikāraḥ ?|
tadetad avagṛhya saṃdhāne. saṃdhāya cāvagrahe veditavyamiti

********************** NySBh_2,2.52 **********************
nityapakṣe tu tāvatsamādhiḥ---
NyS_2,2.52: nityānāmatīndriyatvāttaddharmavikalpācca varṇavikārāṇāmapratiṣedhaḥ //
'nityā varṇā na vikriyante' iti vipratiṣedhaḥ, yathā nityatve sati kiñcidatīndriyaṃ kiñcidinrdiyagrāhyam indriyagrāhyāśca varṇāḥ. evaṃ nityatve sati kiñcinana vikriyate varṇāstu vikriyante iti //
virodhādahetuḥ-- taddharmavikalpaḥ, nityaṃ nopajāyate nāpaiti |
anupajanāpāyadharmakaṃ nityam. anityaṃ punarupajanāpāyayuktam.
na cāntareṇopajanāpāyau vikāraḥ saṃbhavati.
tad yadi varṇā vikriyante ? nityatvameṣāṃ
nivartate, atha nityāḥ ? vikāradharmatvameṣāṃ
nivartate, soyaṃ viruddho hetvābhāso
dharmavikalpa iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.53 **********************
anityapakṣe samādhiḥ---
NyS_2,2.53: anavasthāyitve ca varṇopalabdhivat tadvikāropalabdhiḥ //
yathānavasthāyināṃ
varṇānāṃ śravaṇaṃ bhavatyevameṣāṃ vikāro
bhavatīti //
asaṃbandhādasamarthā|
arthapratipādikā varṇopalabdhirna vikāreṇa saṃbandhādasamarthā
yā gṛhyamāṇā varṇavikāramanumāpayediti,
tatra yādṛgidam-- yathā gandhaguṇā pṛthivī evaṃ
śabdasukhādiguṇāpīti. tādṛgetad bhavatīti/
naca varṇopalabdhirvarṇanivṛttau varṇāntaraprayogasya
nirvartikā, yo 'yamivarṇanivṛttau yakārasya
prayogaḥ yadyayamivarṇopalabdhyā nirvartate
tadā tatropalabhyamāna ivarṇo yatvamāpadyate
iti gṛhyeta ?, tasmādvarṇopalabdhiraheturvarṇavikārasyeti

********************** NySBh_2,2.54 **********************
NyS_2,2.54: vikāradharmitve nityatvābhāvāt kālāntare 'vikāropapatteścāpratiṣedhaḥ //
"taddharmavikalpāt"
iti na yuktaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ-- na khalu vikāradharmakaṃ
kiñcid nityamupalabhyate iti/
"varṇopalabdhivat"
iti ( ca ) na yuktaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ-- avagrahe hi 'dadhi atra'
iti prayujya ciraṃ sthitvā tataḥ saṃhitāyāṃ
prayuṅkte-- 'dadhyatra' iti. ciranivṛtte cāyamivarṇe
yakāraḥ prayujyamānaḥ kasya vikāra iti pratīyate ? |
kāraṇābhāvāt kāryābhāva ityunayogaḥ
prasajyate iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.55 **********************
itaśca varṇavikārānupapattiḥ---
NyS_2,2.55: prakṛtyaniyamād varṇavikārāṇām //
ikārasthāne yakāraḥ
śrūyate. yakārasthāne khalvikāro vidhīyate--
vidhyati ( iti ), tad yadi syāt prakṛtivikārabhāvo
varṇānām ? tasya prakṛtiniyamaḥ syāt-- dṛṣṭo
vikāradharmitve prakṛtiniyama iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.56 **********************
NyS_2,2.56: aniyame niyamād nāniyamaḥ //
yoyaṃ prakṛteraniyama uktaḥ sa niyataḥ |
yathāviṣayaṃ vyavasthitaḥ-- niyatatvānniyama
iti bhavati, evaṃ satyaniyamo nāsti. tatra
yaduktam--
"prakṛtyaniyamāt"
iti etadayuktamiti

********************** NySBh_2,2.57 **********************
NyS_2,2.57: niyamāniyamavirodhādaniyame niyamāccāpratiṣedhaḥ //
niyama ityatrārthābhyanujñā. aniyama iti tasya pratiṣedhaḥ. anujñātatiṣiddhayośca vyāghātādanarthāntaratvaṃ na bhavati.
aniyamaśca niyatatvād niyamo na bhavatīti|
nātrārthasya tathābhāvaḥ pratiṣidhyate, kiṃ tarhi ?. tathābhūtasyārthasya
niyamaśabdenābhidhīyamānasya niyatatvād
niyamaśabda evopapadyate, soyaṃ niyamādaniyame
pratiṣedho na bhavatīti

********************** NySBh_2,2.58 **********************
na ceyaṃ varṇavikāropapattiḥ pariṇāmāt
kāryakāraṇabhāvādvā, kiṃ tarhi ?---
NyS_2,2.58: guṇāntarāpattyupamardahrātavṛddhileśaśleṣebhyastu vikāropapattervarṇavikārāḥ //
sthānyādeśabhāvādaprayoge
prayogo vikāraśabdārthaḥ sa bhidyate-- guṇānatarāpattiḥ = udāttasyānudatta ityevamādiḥ, upamarde
nāma ekarūpanivṛttau rūpāntaropajanaḥ, hrāsaḥ |
dīrghasya hrāsvaḥ, vṛddhiḥ |
hrasvasya dīrghaḥ tayorvāplutaḥ, leśaḥ |
lāghavam 'staḥ' ityastervikāraḥ, śleṣaḥ |
āgamaḥ prakṛteḥ pratyayasya vā, ete eva viśeṣāḥ
vikārā iti ete evādeśāḥ. ete cedvikārā
upapadyante tarhi varṇavikārā iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.59 **********************
NyS_2,2.59: te vibhaktyantāḥ padam //
yathādarśanaṃ vikṛtā varṇā vibhaktyantāḥ padasaṃjñā bhavanti/
vibhaktirdvayī-- nāmikī ākhyātikī ca 'brāhmaṇaḥ'
'pacatītyudāharaṇam|
upasarganipātāstarhi
na padasaṃjñāḥ lakṣaṇāntaraṃ vācyamiti,
śiṣyate ca khalu nāmikyā vibhakteravyayāllopastayoḥ
padasaṃjñārthamiti|
padenārthasaṃpratyaya iti
prayojanam

********************** NySBh_2,2.60 **********************
nāmapadaṃ cādhikṛtya parīkṣā-- gauriti ( nāma ) padaṃ khalu. idamudāharaṇam---
tadarthe
NyS_2,2.60: vyaktyākṛtijātisaṃnidhāvupacārāt saṃśayaḥ //
avinābhāvavṛttiḥ saṃnidhiḥ, avinābhāvena
vartamānāsu vyaktyākṛtijātiṣu gauriti
prayujyate tatra na jñāyate-- kimanyatamaḥ padārthaḥ ? uta sarvaḥ ? iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.61 **********************
śabdasya prayogasāmarthyāt padārthāvadhāraṇaṃ
tasmāt---
NyS_2,2.61: yāśabdasamūhatyāgaparigrahasaṃkhyāvṛddhyapacayavarṇasamāsānubandhānāṃ vyaktāvupacārād vyaktiḥ //
vyaktiḥ padārthaḥ, kasmāt ?. yāśabdaprabhṛtīnāṃ
vyaktāvupacārāt|
upacāraḥ |
prayogaḥ, 'yā gaustiṣṭhati yā gaurniṣaṇṇā'
iti. nūdaṃ vākyaṃ jāterabhidhāyakam-- abhedāt.
bhedāttu dravyābhidhāyakam, 'gavāṃ samūhaḥ' iti bhedād dravyābhidhānaṃ. na jāteḥ--
abhedāt, 'vaidyāya gāṃ dadātīti dravyasya tyāgo. na jāteḥ-- amūrtatvāt pratikramānukramānupapatteśca, parigrahaḥ |
svatvenābhisaṃbandhaḥ 'kauṇḍinyasya gauḥ' 'brāhmaṇasya
gauḥ' iti dravyābhidhona dravyabhedāt saṃbandhabheda
ityupapannam. abhinnā tu jātiriti, saṃkhyā--
'daśa gāvo viṃśatirgāvaḥ' iti bhinnaṃ dravyaṃ
saṃkhyāyate. na jātiḥ-- abhedāditi, vṛddhiḥ |
kāraṇavato dravyasyāvayavopacayaḥ-- 'avardhata
gauḥ' iti. niravayavā tu jātiriti, etenāpacayo
vyākhyātaḥ, varṇaḥ-- 'śuklā gauḥ kapilā gauḥ'
iti dravyasya guṇayogo na sāmānyasya,
samāsaḥ-- 'gohitaṃ gosukham' iti dravyasya
sukhādiyogo na jāteriti, anubandhaḥ--
sarūpaprajananasantānaḥ-- 'gaurgāṃ janayatīti
tad utpattidharmatvād dravye yuktaṃ. na jātau--
viparyayāditi|
dravyaṃ vyaktiriti hi nārthāntaram

********************** NySBh_2,2.62 **********************
asya pratiṣedhaḥ---
NyS_2,2.62: na tadanavasthānāt //
na vyaktiḥ padārthaḥ, kasmāt ?
anavasthānāt, yāśabdaprabhṛtibhiryo viśeṣyate
sa gośabdārthaḥ-- 'yā gaustiṣṭhati yā gaurniṣaṇṇā'
iti na dravyamātramaviśiṣṭaṃ jātyā vinābhidhīyate '
kiṃ tarhi ?. jātiviśiṣṭaṃ. tasmānna vyaktiḥ padārthaḥ/
evaṃ samūhādiṣu draṣṭavyam

********************** NySBh_2,2.63 **********************
yadi na vyaktiḥ padārthaḥ kathaṃ tarhi
vyaktāvupacāra iti ?. nimittād atadbhāve 'pi
tadupacāro dṛśyate khalu---
NyS_2,2.63: sahacaraṇasthānatādarthyavṛttamānadhāraṇasāmīpyayogasādhanādhipatyebhyo brāhmaṇamañcakaṭarājasaktucandanagaṅgāśākaṭānnapuruṣeṣvatadbhāve 'pi tadupacāraḥ //
atadbhāvepi tadupacāra iti |
atacchabdasya tena śabdenābhidhānamiti, sahacaraṇāt--
'yaṣṭikāṃ bhojaya' iti yaṣṭikāsahacarito
brāhmaṇo 'bhidhīyate iti, sthānāt-- 'mañcāḥ
krāśantīti mañcasthāḥ puruṣā abhidhīyante,
tādarthyāt-- kaṭārtheṣu vīraṇeṣu
vyūhyamāneṣu 'kaṭaṃ karotīti bhavati,
vṛttāt-- 'yamo rājā' 'kubero rājā'
iti tadvadvartate iti, mānāt-- āḍhakena
mitāḥ saktavaḥ 'āḍhakaṃ saktavaḥ' iti, dhāraṇāt--
tulayā dhṛtaṃ candanam 'tulā candanam' iti,
sāmīpyāt-- 'gaṅgāyāṃ gāvaścarantīti
deśo 'bhidhīyate saṃnikṛṣṭaḥ, yogāt--
kṛṣṇena rāgeṇa yuktaḥ śākaṭaḥ 'kṛṣṇaḥ' ityabhidhīyate,
sādhanāt-- 'annaṃ prāṇāḥ' iti, ādhipatyāt--
'ayaṃ puruṣaḥ kulam' 'ayaṃ gotram' iti|
tatrāyaṃ
sahacaraṇād yogād vā jātiśabdo vyaktau
prayujyate iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.64 **********************
yadi 'gauḥ' ityasya padasya na vyaktirarthaḥ ? astu tarhi---
NyS_2,2.64: ākṛtis tadapekṣatvāt sattvavyavasthānasiddheḥ //
ākṛtiḥ padārthaḥ, kasmāt ?. padapekṣatvāt sattvavyavasthānasiddheḥ |
sattvāvayavānāṃ tadavayavānāṃ ca niyato vyūha ākṛtiḥ tasyāṃ gṛhyamāṇāyāṃ sattvavyavasthānaṃ sidhyati-- 'ayaṃ gauḥ' 'ayamaśvaḥ' iti. nāgṛhyamāṇāyām. yasya grahaṇāt sattvavyavasthānaṃ sidhyati taṃ śabdo 'bhidhātumarhati |
so 'syārtha iti // naitadupapadyate-- yasya jātyā yogastadatra jātiviśiṣṭamabhidhīyate-- 'gauḥ' iti. na cāvayavavyūhasya jātyā yogaḥ|
kasya tarhi ?. niyatāvayavavyūhasya dravyasya, tasmād nākṛtiḥ padārthaḥ

********************** NySBh_2,2.65 **********************
astu tarhi jātiḥ padārthaḥ---
NyS_2,2.65: vyaktyākṛtiyukte 'py aprasaṃgāt prokṣaṇādīnāṃ mṛdgavake jātiḥ //
jātiḥ
padārthaḥ, kasmāt ?. vyaktyākṛtiyuktepi mṛdgavake
prokṣaṇādīnāmaprasaṅgāditi = 'gāṃ prokṣaya' 'gāmānaya' 'gāṃ dehīti
naitāni mṛdgavake prayujyante, kasmāt ?
jāterabhāvāt, asti hi tatra vyaktirasti
ākṛtiḥ, yadabhāvāt tatrāsaṃpratyayaḥ sa padārtha
iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.66 **********************
NyS_2,2.66: nākṛtivyaktyapekṣatvājjātyabhivyakteḥ //
jāterabhivyaktiḥ ākṛtivyaktī apekṣate |
nāgṛhyamāṇāyāmākṛtau vyaktau ( ca ) jātimātraṃ
śuddhaṃ gṛhyate tasmānna jātiḥ padārtha iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.67 **********************
na vai padārthena na bhavituṃ
śakyam|
kaḥ khalvidānīṃ padārtha iti ?---
NyS_2,2.67: vyaktyākṛtijātayastu padārthaḥ //
tuśabdo viśeṣaṇārthaḥ, kiṃ
viśiṣyate ?. pradhānāṅgabhāvasyāniyamena
padārthatvamiti. yadā hi bhedavivakṣā viśeṣagatiśca
tadā vyaktiḥ pradhānamaṅgaṃ tu jātyākṛtī. yadā
tu bhedo 'vivakṣitaḥ sāmānyagatiśca tadā
jātiḥ pradhānamaṅgaṃ tu vyaktyākṛtī, tadetad
bahulaṃ prayogeṣu|
ākṛtestu pradhānabhāva
utprekṣitavyaḥ

********************** NySBh_2,2.68 **********************
kathaṃ punarjñāyate nānā vyaktyākṛtijātaya iti ?. lakṣaṇabhedāt,
tatra tāvat---
NyS_2,2.68: vyaktirguṇaviśeṣāśrayo mūrtiḥ //
vyajyate iti vyaktiḥ |
indriyagrāhyeti. na sarvaṃ dravyaṃ vyaktiḥ, yo
guṇaviśeṣāṇāṃ sparśāntānāṃ gurutvadhanatvadravatvasaṃskārāṇām
avyāpinaḥ parimāṇasyāśrayo yathāsaṃbhavaṃ
taddravyaṃ mūrtiḥ-- mūrchitāvayavatvāditi

********************** NySBh_2,2.69 **********************
NyS_2,2.69: ākṛtirjātiliṅgākhyā //
yayā jātirjātiliṅgāni ca prakhyāyante
tāmākṛtiṃ vidyāt. sā ca nānyā sattvāvayavānāṃ
tadavayavānāṃ ca niyatād vyūhāditi|
niyatāvayavavyūhāḥ
khalu sattvāvayavā jātiliṅgam-- śirasā
pādena gāmanuminvanti |
niyate ca sattvāvayavānāṃ vyūhe sati gotvaṃ
prakhyāyate iti|
anākṛtivyaṅgyāyāṃ jātau
'mṛt' 'suvarṇam' 'rajatam' ityevamādiṣvākṛtirnivartate |
jahāti padārthatvamiti

********************** NySBh_2,2.70 **********************
NyS_2,2.70: samānaprasavātmikā jātiḥ //
yā samānāṃ buddhiṃ prasūte bhinneṣvadhikaraṇeṣu.
yayā bahūni itaretarato na vyāvatente.
yo 'rtho 'nekatra pratyayānuvṛttinimittaṃ tat sāmānyam, yacca keṣāṃ cidabhedaṃ keṣāñcid bhedaṃ karoti tat sāmānyaviśeṣo jātiriti