Nyāyasūtra with Vātsyāyana's Nyāyabhāṣya (with commentary) · Chapter 10

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nyāyadarśanam
atha pañcamādhyāyasyādyam āhnikam
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sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāṃ pratyavasthānasya ``vikalpāj jātibahutvam'' iti saṅkṣepeṇaoktam, tad vistareṇa vibhajyate --- tāḥ khalv imā jātayaḥ sthāpanāhetau prayukte caturviṃśatiḥ pratiṣedhahetavaḥ/
NyS_5,1.1: sādharmyavaidharmyotkarṣāpakarṣavarṇyāvarṇyavikalpasādhyaprāptyaprāptiprasaṅgapratidṛṣṭāntānutpattisaṃśayaprakaraṇāhetvarthāpattyaviśeṣopapattyupalabdhyanupalabdhyanityanityakāryasamāḥ ||
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sādharmyeṇa pratyavasthānam aviśiṣyamāṇaṃ sthāpanāhetutaḥ sādharmyasamaḥ/ aviśeṣaṃ tatra tatrodāhariṣyāmaḥ/ evaṃ vaidharmyasamaprabhṛtayo 'pi nirvaktavyāḥ

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lakṣaṇaṃ tu ---
NyS_5,1.2: sādharmyavaidharmyābhyām upasaṃhāre taddharmaviparyayopapatteḥ sādharmyavaidharmyasamau ||
sādharmyeṇopasaṃhāre sādhyadharmaviparyayopapatteḥ sādharmyeṇaiva pratyavasthānam aviśiṣyamāṇaṃ sthāpanāhetutaḥ sādharmyasamaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ/ nidarśanam kriyāvān ātmā, dravyasya kriyāhetuguṇayogāt/ dravyaṃ loṣṭaḥ kriyāhetuguṇayuktaḥ kriyāvān, tathā cātmā, tasmāt kriyāvān iti/ evam upasaṃhṛte paraḥ sādharmyeṇaiva pratyavatiṣṭhate niṣkriya ātmā vibhuno dravyasya niṣkriyatvād, vibhu cākāśaṃ niṣkriyaṃ ca, tathā cātmā, tasmān niṣkriya iti/
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na cāsti viśeṣahetuḥ kriyāvatsādharmyāt kriyāvatā bhavitavyam, na punar akriyasādharmyād niṣkriyeṇeti/ viśeṣahetvabhāvāt sādharmyasamaḥ pratiṣedho bhavati/
atha vaidharmyasamaḥ --- kriyāhetuguṇayukto loṣṭaḥ paricchinno dṛṣṭo na ca tathātmā, tasmān na loṣṭavat kriyāvān iti/ na cāsti viśeṣahetuḥ kriyāvatsādharmyāt kriyāvatā bhavitavyaṃ na punaḥ kriyāvadvaidharmyād akriyeṇeti, viśeṣahetvabhāvād vaidharmyasamaḥ/
vaidharmyeṇa copasaṃhāraḥ --- niṣkriya ātmā vibhutvāt, kriyāvad dravyam avibhu dṛṣṭaṃ yathā loṣṭaḥ, na ca tathātmā, tasmān niṣkriya iti/ vaidharmyeṇa pratyavasthānam --- niṣkriyaṃ dravyam ākāśaṃ kriyāhetuguṇarahitaṃ dṛṣṭam, na ca tathātmā, tasmān na niṣkriya iti/ na cāsti viśeṣahetuḥ kriyāvadvaidharmyān niṣkriyeṇa bhavitavyaṃ na punar akriyavaidharmyāt kriyāvateti viśeṣahetvabhāvād vaidharmyasamaḥ/
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atha sādharmyasamaḥ --- kriyāvān loṣṭaḥ kriyāhetuguṇayukto dṛṣṭaḥ, tathā cātmā, tasmāt kriyāvān iti/ na cāsti viśeṣahetuḥ kriyāvadvaidharmyān niṣkriyo na punaḥ kriyāvatsādharmyāt kriyāvān iti viśeṣahetvabhāvāt sādharmyasamaḥ//
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anayor uttaram ---
NyS_5,1.3: gotvād gosiddhivat tatsiddhiḥ ||
sādharmyamātreṇa vaidharmyamātreṇa ca sādhyasādhane pratijñāyamāne syād avyavasthā,
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sā tu dharmaviśeṣe nopapadyate, gosādharmyād gotvāj jātiviśeṣād gauḥ sidhyati, na tu sāsnādisambandhāt/ aśvādivaidharmyād gotvād eva gauḥ sidhyati, na guṇādibhedāt/ tac caitat kṛtavyākhyānam avayavaprakaraṇe/ pramāṇānām abhisambandhāc caikārthakāritvaṃ samānaṃ vākya iti/ hetvābhāsāśrayā khalv iyam avyavastheti//
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NyS_5,1.4: sādhyadṛṣṭāntayor dharmavikalpād ubhayasādhyatvāc cotkarṣāpakarṣavarṇyāvarṇyavikalpasādhyasamāḥ ||
dṛṣṭāntadharmaṃ sādhye samāsañjayata utkarṣasamaḥ/ yadi kriyāhetuguṇayogāl loṣṭavat kriyāvān ātmā, loṣṭavad eva sparśavān api prāpnoti/ atha na sparśavān, loṣṭavat kriyāvān api na prāpnoti, viparyaye vā viśeṣo vaktavya iti/
sādhye dharmābhāvaṃ dṛṣṭāntāt prasañjayato 'pakarṣasamaḥ/ loṣṭaḥ khalu kriyāvān avibhur dṛṣṭaḥ,
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kāmam ātmāpi kriyāvān avibhur astu, viparyaye vā viśeṣo vaktavya iti/
khyāpanīyo varṇyo viparyayād avarṇyaḥ/ tāv etau sādhyadṛṣṭāntadharmau viparyasyato varṇyāvarṇyasamau bhavataḥ/
sādhanadharmayukte dṛṣṭānte dharmāntaravikalpāt sādhyadharmavikalpaṃ prasañjayato vikalpasamaḥ/ kriyāhetuguṇayuktaṃ kiñcid guru yathā loṣṭaḥ, kiṃcil laghu yathā vāyuḥ, evaṃ kriyāhetuguṇayuktaṃ kiñcit kriyāvat syāt yathā loṣṭaḥ, kiñcid akriyaṃ yathātmā, viśeṣo vā vācya iti/
hetvādyavayavasāmarthyayogī dharmaḥ sādhyaḥ, taṃ dṛṣṭānte prasañjayataḥ sādhyasamaḥ/ yadi yathā loṣṭas tathātmā, prāptas tarhi yathātmā tathā loṣṭa iti/ sādhyaś cāyam ātmā kriyāvān iti kāmaṃ loṣṭo 'pi sādhyaḥ/ atha naivam, na tarhi yathā loṣṭaḥ tathātmā

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eteṣām uttaram ---
NyS_5,1.5: kiñcitsādharmyād upasaṃhārasiddher vaidharmyād apratiṣedhaḥ ||
alabhyaḥ siddhasya nihnavaḥ/ siddhaṃ ca kiñcitsādharmyād upamānaṃ yathā gaus tathā gavaya iti/
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tatra na labhyo gogavayayor dharmavikalpaś codayitum/ evaṃ sādhake dharme dṛṣṭāntādisāmarthyayukte na labhyaḥ sādhyadṛṣṭāntayor dharmavikalpād vaidharmyāt pratiṣedho vaktum iti

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NyS_5,1.6: sādhyātideśāc ca dṛṣṭāntopapatteḥ ||
yatra laukikaparīkṣakāṇāṃ buddhisāmyaṃ tenāviparīto 'rtho 'tidiśyate prajñāpanārtham/ evaṃ sādhyātideśād dṛṣṭānte upapadyamāne sādhyatvam anupapannam iti

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NyS_5,1.7: prāpya sādhyam aprāpya vā hetoḥ prāptyāviśiṣṭatvād aprāptyāsādhakatvāc ca prāptyaprāptisamau ||
hetuḥ prāpya vā sādhyaṃ sādhayed aprāpya vā? na tāvat prāpya prāptyām aviśiṣṭatvād asādhakaḥ/ dvayor vidyamānayoḥ prāptau satyāṃ kiṃ kasya sādhakaṃ sādhyaṃ vā?
aprāpya sādhakaṃ na bhavati, nāprāptaḥ pradīpaḥ prakāśayatīti/ prāptyā pratyavasthānaṃ prāptisamaḥ, aprāptyā pratyavasthānam aprāptisamaḥ

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anayor uttaram ---
NyS_5,1.8: ghaṭādiniṣpattidarśanāt pīḍane cābhicārād apratiṣedhaḥ ||
ubhayathā khalv ayuktaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ kartṛkaraṇādhikaraṇāni prāpya mṛdaṃ ghaṭādikāryaṃ niṣpādayanti, abhicārāc ca pīḍane sati dṛṣṭam aprāpya sādhakatvam iti

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NyS_5,1.9: dṛṣṭāntasya kāraṇānapadeśāt pratyavasthānāc ca pratidṛṣṭāntena prasaṅgapratidṛṣṭāntasamau ||
sādhanasyāpi sādhanaṃ vaktavyam iti prasaṅgena pratyavasthānaṃ prasaṅgasamaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ/ kriyāhetuguṇayogī kriyāvān loṣṭa iti hetur nāpadiśyate, na ca hetum antereṇa siddhir astīti/
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pratidṛṣṭāntena pratyavasthānaṃ pratidṛṣṭāntasamaḥ/ kriyāvān ātmā kriyāhetuguṇayogād loṣṭavad ity ukte pratidṛṣṭānta upādīyate --- kriyāhetuguṇayuktam ākāśaṃ niṣkriyaṃ dṛṣṭam iti/ kaḥ punar ākāśasya kriyāhetuguṇaḥ? vāyunā saṃyogaḥ saṃskārāpekṣaḥ, vāyuvanaspatisaṃyogavad iti

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anayor uttaram ---
NyS_5,1.10: pradīpaopādānaprasaṅgavinivṛttivat tadvinivṛttiḥ ||
idaṃ tāvad ayaṃ pṛṣṭo vaktum arhati, atha ke pradīpam upādadate, kimarthaṃ veti? didṛkṣamāṇā dṛśyadarśanārtham iti/ atha pradīpaṃ didṛkṣamāṇāḥ pradīpāntaraṃ kasmān nopādadate? antareṇāpi pradīpāntaraṃ dṛśyate pradīpaḥ, tatra pradīpadarśanārthaṃ pradīpopādānaṃ nirarthakam/ atha dṛṣṭāntaḥ kimartham ucyata iti? aprajñātasya jñāpanārtham iti/ atha dṛṣṭānte kāraṇāpadeśaḥ kimarthaṃ deśyate? yadi prajñāpanārtham, prajñāto dṛṣṭāntaḥ/ sa khalu ``laukikaparīkṣakāṇāṃ yasminn arthe buddhisāmyaṃ sa dṛṣṭānta'' iti/ tatprajñāpanārthaḥ kāraṇāpadeśo nirarthaka iti prasaṅgasamasyottaram

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atha pratidṛṣṭāntasamasyottaram ---
NyS_5,1.11: pratidṛṣṭāntahetutve ca nāhetur dṛṣṭāntaḥ ||
pratidṛṣṭāntaṃ bruvatā na viśeṣahetur apadiśyate, --- anena prakāreṇa pratidṛṣṭānataḥ sādhako na dṛṣṭānta iti/ evaṃ pratidṛṣṭāntahetutve nāhetur dṛṣṭānta ity upapadyate/ sa ca katham ahetur na syāt? yady apratiṣiddhaḥ sādhakaḥ syād iti

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NyS_5,1.12: prāgutpatteḥ kāraṇābhāvād anutpattisamaḥ ||
anityaḥ śabdaḥ prayatnānantarīyakatvād ghaṭavad ity ukte apara āha --- prāgutpatter anutpanne śabde prayatnānantarīyakatvam anityatvakāraṇaṃ nāsti, tadabhāvāt nityatvaṃ prāptam, nityasya cotpattir nāsti/ anutpattyā pratyavasthānam anutpattisamaḥ

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asyottaram ---
NyS_5,1.13: tathābhāvād utpannasya kāraṇopapatter na kāraṇapratiṣedhaḥ ||
tathābhāvād utpannasyeti/ utpannaḥ khalv ayaṃ śabda iti bhavati/ prāgutapatteḥ śabda eva nāsti, utpannasya śabdabhāvāc chabdasya sataḥ prayatnānantarīyakatvam anityatvakāraṇam upapadyate, kāraṇopapatter ayukto 'yaṃ doṣaḥ ``prāgutpatteḥ kāraṇābhāvād'' iti

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NyS_5,1.14: sāmānyadṛṣṭāntayor aindriyakatve samāne nityānityasādharmyāt saṃśayasamaḥ ||
anityaḥ śabdaḥ prayatnānantarīyakatvād ghaṭavad ity ukte hetau saṃśayena pratyavatiṣṭate --- sati prayatnānantarīyakatve asty evāsya nityena sāmānyena sādharmyam aindriyakatvam, asti ca ghaṭenānityena, ato nityānityasādharmyād anivṛttiḥ saṃśaya iti

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asyottaram ---
NyS_5,1.15: sādharmyāt saṃśaye na saṃśayo vaidharmyād ubhayathā vā saṃśaye 'tyantasaṃśayaprasaṅgo nityatvānabhyupagamāc ca sāmānysyāpratiṣedhaḥ ||
viśeṣād vaidharmyād avadhāryamāṇe 'rthe puruṣa iti, na sthāṇupuruṣasādharmyāt saṃśayo 'vakāśaṃ labhate/ evaṃ vaidharmyād viśeṣāt prayatnānantarīyakatvād avadhāryamāṇe śabdasyānityatve nityānityasādharmyāt saṃśayo 'vakāśaṃ na labhate/ yadi vai labhate, tataḥ sthāṇupuruṣasādharmyānucchedād atyantaṃ saṃśayaḥ syāt/ gṛhyamāṇe ca viśeṣe nityaṃ sādharmyaṃ saṃśayahetur iti nābhyupagamyate/ na hi gṛhyamāṇe puruṣasya viśeṣe sthāṇupuruṣasādharmyaṃ saṃśayahetur bhavati

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NyS_5,1.16: ubhayasādharmyāt prakriyāsiddheḥ prakaraṇasamaḥ ||
ubhayena nityena cānityena ca sādharmyāt pakṣapratipakṣayoḥ pravṛttiḥ prakriyā/ anityaḥ śabdaḥ prayatnānantarīyakatvād ghaṭavad ity ekaḥ pakṣaṃ pravarttayati, dvitīyaś ca nityasādharmyāt pratipakṣaṃ pravarttayati --- nityaḥ śabdaḥ śrāvaṇatvāt śabdatvavad iti/ evaṃ ca sati prayatnānantarīyakatvād iti hetur anityasādharmyeṇa ucyamāno na prakaraṇam ativarttate, prakaraṇānativṛtter nirṇayānativartanam/ samānaṃ caitan nityasādharmyeṇocyamāṇe hetau/ tad idaṃ prakaraṇānativṛttyā pratyavasthānaṃ prakaraṇasamaḥ/ samānaṃ caitad vaidharmye 'pi, ubhayavaidharmyāt prakriyāsiddheḥ prakaraṇasama iti

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asyottaram ---
NyS_5,1.17: pratipakṣāt prakaraṇasiddheḥ pratiṣedhānupapattiḥ pratipakṣopapatteḥ ||
ubhayasādharmyāt prakriyāsiddhiṃ bruvatā pratipakṣāt prakriyāsiddhir uktā bhavati/ yady ubhayasādharmyam, tatra ekataraḥ pratipakṣa ity evaṃ saty upapannaḥ pratipakṣo bhavati/ pratipakṣopapatter anupapannaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ, yadi pratipakṣopapattiḥ pratiṣedho nopapadyate, atha pratiṣedhopapattiḥ pratipakṣo nopapadyate, pratipakṣopapattiḥ pratiṣedhopapattiś ceti vipratiṣiddham iti/ tattvānavadhāraṇāc ca prakriyāsiddhir viparyaye prakaraṇāvasānāt, tattvāvadhāraṇe hy avasitaṃ prakaraṇaṃ bhavatīti

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NyS_5,1.18: traikālyāsiddher hetor ahetusamaḥ ||
hetuḥ sādhanam, tat sādhyāt pūrvaṃ paścāt saha vā bhavet/ yadi pūrvaṃ sādhanam, asati sādhye kasya sādhanam? atha paścād, asati sādhane kasyedaṃ sādhyam? atha yugapat sādhyasādane, dvayor vidyamānayoḥ kiṃ kasya sādhanaṃ kiṃ kasya sādhyam iti hetur ahetunā na viśiṣyate/ ahetunā sādharmyāt pratyavasthānam ahetusamaḥ

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asyottaram ---
NyS_5,1.19: na hetutaḥ sādhyasiddhes traikālyāsiddhiḥ ||
na traikālyāsiddhiḥ/ kasmāt? hetutaḥ sādhyasiddheḥ/ nirvartanīyasya nirvṛttir vijñeyasya vijñānam ubhayaṃ kāraṇato dṛśyate, so 'yaṃ mahān pratyakṣaviṣaya udāharaṇam iti/ yat tu khalūktam asati sādhye kasya sādhanam iti? yat tu nirvatyate yac ca vijñāpyate tasyeti

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NyS_5,1.20: pratiṣedānupapatteś ca pratiṣeddhavyāpratiṣedhaḥ ||
pūrvaṃ paścād yugapad vā pratiṣedha iti nopapadyate, pratiṣedhānupapatteḥ sthāpanāhetuḥ siddha iti

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NyS_5,1.21: arthāpattitaḥ pratipakṣasiddher arthāpattisamaḥ ||
anityaḥ śabdaḥ prayatnānantarīyakatvād ghaṭavad iti sthāpite pakṣe arthāpattyā pratipakṣaṃ sādhayato 'rthāpattisamaḥ/ yadi prayatnānantarīyakatvād anityasādharmyād anityaḥ śabda iti, arthād āpadyate nityasādharmyān nitya iti, asti cāsya nityena sādharmyam asparśatvam iti

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asyottaram ---
NyS_5,1.22: anuktasyārthāpatteḥ pakṣahāner upapattir anuktatvād anaikānatikatvāc cārthāpatteḥ ||
anupapādya sāmarthyam anuktam arthād āpadyate iti bruvataḥ pakṣahāner upapattir anuktatvāt, anityapakṣasiddhāv arthād āpannaṃ nityapakṣasya hānir iti/ anaikānatikatvāc cārthāpatteḥ/
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ubhayapakṣasamā ceyam arthāpattiḥ/ yadi nityasādharmyād asparśatvād ākāśavac ca nityaḥ śabdaḥ arthād āpannam anityasādharmyāt prayatnānantarīyakatvād anitya iti/ na ceyaṃ viparyayamātrād ekāntenārthāpattiḥ/ na khalu vai ghaṇasya grāvṇaḥ patanam ity arthād āpadyate --- dravāṇām apāṃ patanābhāva iti

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NyS_5,1.23: ekadharmopapatter aviśeṣe sarvāviśeṣaprasaṅgāt sadbhāvaupapatter aviśeṣasamaḥ ||
eko dharmaḥ prayatnānantarīyakatvaṃ śabdaghaṭayor upapadyata ity aviśeṣe ubhayor anityatve,
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sarvasyāviśeṣaḥ prasajyate/ katham? sadbhāvopapatteḥ/ eko dharmaḥ sadbhāvaḥ sarvasyopapadyate, sadbhāvopapatteḥ sarvāviśeṣaprasaṅgāt pratyavasthānam aviśeṣasamaḥ

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asyottaram ---
NyS_5,1.24: kvacit taddharmopapatteḥ kvacic cānupapatteḥ pratiṣedhābhāvaḥ ||
yathā sādhyadṛṣṭāntayor ekadharmasya prayatnānantarīyakatvasyopapatter anityatvaṃ dharmāntaram aviśeṣaḥ, naivaṃ sarvabhāvānāṃ sadbhāvopapattinimittaṃ dharmāntaram asti, yena aviśeṣaḥ syāt/
atha matam anityatvam eva dharmānataraṃ sadbhāvopapattinimittaṃ bhāvānāṃ sarvatra syād iti, evaṃ khalu vai kalpyamāne anityāḥ sarve bhāvāḥ sadbhāvopapatter iti pakṣaḥ prāpnoti/ tatra pratijñārthavyatiriktam anyad udāharaṇaṃ nāsti, anudāharaṇaś ca hetur nāstīti/ pratijñaiekadeśasya codāharaṇatvam anupapannam,
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na hi sādhyam udāharaṇaṃ bhavati/ sataś ca nityānityabhāvāt anityatvānupapattiḥ/ tasmāt sadbhāvopapatteḥ sarvāviśeṣaprasaṅga iti nirabhidheyam etad vākyam iti/ sarvabhāvānāṃ sadbhāvopapatter anityatvam iti bruvatā 'nujñātaṃ śabdasyānityatvam, tatrānupapannaḥ pratiṣedha iti

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% p.1136
NyS_5,1.25: ubhayakāraṇopapatter upapattisamaḥ ||
yady anityatvakāraṇam upapadyate śabdasyety anityaḥ śabdo nityatvakāraṇam apy upapadyate 'syāsparśatvam iti nityatvam apy upapadyate/ ubhayasyānityatvasya nityatvasya ca kāraṇopapattyā pratyavasthānam upapattisamaḥ//
********************** NySBh_5,1.26 **********************
asyottaram ---
NyS_5,1.26: upapattikāraṇābhyanujñānād apratiṣedhaḥ ||
ubhayakāraṇopapatter iti bruvatā nānityatvakāraṇopapatter anityatvaṃ pratiṣidhyate, yadi pratiṣidhyate nobhayakāraṇopapattiḥ syāt/ ubhayakāraṇopapattivacanād anityatvakāraṇopapattir abhyanujñāyate, abhyanujñānād anupapannaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ/
% p.1137
vyāghātāt pratiṣedha iti cet, samāno vyāghātaḥ/ ekasya nityatvānityatvaprasaṅgaṃ vyāhataṃ bruvatoktaṃ pratiṣedha iti cet? svapakṣaparapakṣayoḥ samāno vyāghātaḥ, sa ca naikatarasya sādhaka iti

********************** NySBh_5,1.27 **********************
NyS_5,1.27: nirdiṣṭakāraṇābhāve 'py upalambhād upalabdhisamaḥ ||
nirdiṣṭasya prayatnānantarīyakatvasyānityatvakāraṇasyābhāve 'pi vāyunodanād vṛkṣaśākhābhaṅgajasya śabdasyānityatvam upalabhyate/
% vṛkṣaśākhābhaṅgajasya ...] p.1138
nirdiṣṭasya sādhanasyābhāve 'pi sādhyadharmopalabdhyā pratyavasthānam upalabdhisamaḥ

********************** NySBh_5,1.28 **********************
% p.1139
asyottaram ---
NyS_5,1.28: kāraṇāntarād api taddharmopapatter apratiṣedhaḥ ||
prayatnānantarīyakatvād iti bruvatā kāraṇata utpattir abhidhīyate, na kāryasya kāraṇaniyamaḥ/ yadi ca kāraṇāntarād apy utpadyamānasya śabdasya tad anityatvam upapadyate, kim atra pratiṣidhyata iti

********************** NySBh_5,1.29 **********************
% p.1140
na prāg uccāraṇād vidyamānasya śabdasyānupalabdhiḥ, kasmāt ? āvaraṇāadyanupalabdheḥ/ yathā vidyamānasyodakāder arthasyāvaraṇāder anupalabdhiḥ naivaṃ śabdasyāgrahaṇakāraṇenāvaraṇādinānupalabdhiḥ/ gṛhyeta caitad asyāgrahaṇakāraṇam udakādivat, na gṛhyate/ tasmād udakādiviparītaḥ śabdo 'nupalabhyamāna iti/
NyS_5,1.29: tadanupalabdher anupalambhād abhāvasiddhau tadviparītopapatter anupalabdhisamaḥ ||
teṣām āvaraṇādīnām anupalabdhir nopalabhyate/ anupalambhān nāstīty abhāvo 'syāḥ sidhyati/ abhāvasiddhau hetvabhāvāt tadviparītam astitvam āvaraṇādīnām avadhāryate/ tadviparītopapatter yatpratijñātaṃ ``na prāg uccāraṇād vidyamānasya śabdasyānupalabdhir ity'' etan na sidhyati/ so 'yaṃ hetur ``āvaraṇādyanupalabdher'' ity āvaraṇādiṣu cāvaraṇādyanupalabdhau ca samayānupalabdhyā pratyavasthito 'nupalabdhisamo bhavati

********************** NySBh_5,1.30 **********************
% p.1141
asyottaram ---
NyS_5,1.30: anupalambhāatmakatvād anupalabdher ahetuḥ ||
āvaraṇādyanupalabdhir nāsti, anupalambhād ity ahetuḥ/ kasmāt? anupalambhātmakatvād anupalabdheḥ/ upalambhābhāvamātratvād anupalabdheḥ/ yad asti tad upalabdher viṣayaḥ, upalabdhyā tad astīti pratijñāyate/ yan nāsti tad anupalabdher viṣayaḥ, anupalabhyamānaṃ nāstīti pratijñāyate/ so 'yam āvaraṇādyanupalabheḥ anupalambha upalabdhyabhāve 'nupalabdhau svaviṣaye pravarttamāno na svaviṣayaṃ pratiṣedhati/
% p.1142
apratiṣiddhā cāvaraṇādyanupalabdhir hetutvāya kalpate/ āvaraṇādīni tu vidyamānatvād upalabdher viṣayāḥ, teṣām upalabdhyā bhavitavyam/ yat tāni nopalabhyante, tad upalabdheḥ svaviṣayapratipādikāyā abhāvād anupalambhād anupalabdher viṣayo gamyate --- na santy āvaraṇādīni śabdasyāgrahaṇakāraṇānīti/ anupalambhāt tv anupalabhiḥ sidhyati, viṣayaḥ sa tasyeti

********************** NySBh_5,1.31 **********************
% p.1143
NyS_5,1.31: jñānavikalpānāṃ ca bhāvābhāvasaṃvedanād adhyātmam ||
ahetur iti varttate/ śarīre śarīre jñānavikalpānāṃ bhāvābhāvau saṃvedanīyau/ asti me saṃśayajñānaṃ nāsti me saṃśayajñānam iti/ evaṃ pratyakṣānumānāgamasmṛtijñāneṣu/ seyam āvaraṇāadyanupalabdhir upalabdhyabhāvaḥ svasaṃvedyaḥ --- nāsti me śabdasyāvaraṇādyupalabdhir iti nopalabhyante śabdasyāgrahaṇakāraṇāny āvaraṇādīnīti/ tatra yad uktaṃ tad anupalabdher anupalambhād abhāvasiddhir iti, etan nopapadyate

********************** NySBh_5,1.32 **********************
% p.1144
NyS_5,1.32: sādharmyāt tulyadharmopapatteḥ sarvānityatvaprasaṅgād anityasamaḥ ||
anityena ghaṭena sādharmyād anityaḥ śabda iti bruvato 'sti ghaṭenānityena sarvabhāvānāṃ sādharmyam iti sarvasyānityatvam aniṣṭaṃ sampadyate/ so 'yam anityatvena pratyavasthānād anityasama iti

********************** NySBh_5,1.33 **********************
% p.1145
asyottaram ---
NyS_5,1.33: sādharmyād asiddheḥ pratiṣedhāsiddhiḥ pratiṣedhyasādharmyāt ||
pratijñādyavayavayuktaṃ vākyaṃ pakṣanivartakaṃ pratipakṣalakṣaṇaṃ pratiṣedhaḥ/ tasya pakṣeṇa pratiṣedhyena sādharmyaṃ pratijñādiyogaḥ/ tad yady anityasādharmyād anityatvasyāsiddhiḥ, sādharmyād asiddheḥ pratiṣedhasyāpy asiddhiḥ, pratiṣedhyena sādharmyād iti

********************** NySBh_5,1.34 **********************
NyS_5,1.34: dṛṣṭānte ca sādhyasādhanabhāvena prajñātasya dharmasya hetutvāt tasya cobhayathābhāvān nāviśeṣaḥ ||
dṛṣṭānte yaḥ khalu dharmaḥ sādhyasādhanabhāvena prajñāyate, sa hetutvenābhidhīyate/ sa cobhayathā bhavati,
% cobhayathā bhavati,] p.1146
--- kenacit samānaḥ, kutaścid viśiṣṭaḥ/ sāmānyāt sādharmyaṃ viśeṣāc ca vaidharmyam/ evaṃ sādharmyaviśeṣo hetuḥ, nāviśeṣeṇa sādharmyamātraṃ vaidharmyamātraṃ vā/ sādharmyamātraṃ vaidharmyamātraṃ cāśritya bhavān āha --- ``sādharmyāt tulyadharmopapatteḥ sarvānityatvaprasaṅgād anityasam'' iti, etad ayuktam iti/ aviśeṣasamapratiṣedhe ca yad uktaṃ tad api veditavyam

********************** NySBh_5,1.35 **********************
% p.1147
NyS_5,1.35: nityam anityabhāvād anitye nityatvopapatter nityasamaḥ ||
anityaḥ śabda iti pratijñāyate/ tad anityatvaṃ kiṃ śabde nityam athānityam? yadi tāvat sarvadā bhavati? dharmasya sadā bhāvād dharmiṇo 'pi sadā bhāva iti nityaḥ śabda iti/ atha na sarvadā bhavati? anityatvasyābhāvān nityaḥ śabdaḥ/ evaṃ nityatvena pratyavasthānān nityasamaḥ

********************** NySBh_5,1.36 **********************
% p.1148
asyottaram ---
NyS_5,1.36: pratiṣedhye nityam anityabhāvād anitye 'nityatvopapatteḥ pratiṣedhābhāvaḥ ||
pratiṣedhye śabde nityam anityatvasya bhāvād ity ucyamāne 'nujñātaṃ śabdasyānityatvam, anityatvopapatteś ca ``nānityaḥ śabda'' iti pratiṣedho nopapadyate/ atha nābhyupagamyate, nityam anityatvasya bhāvād iti hetur na bhavatīti hetvabhāvāt pratiṣedhānupapattir iti/
% p.1149
utapannasya nirodhād abhāvaḥ śabdasyānityatvam, tatra paripraśnānupapattiḥ/ yo 'yaṃ paripraśnaḥ --- tad anityatvaṃ kiṃ śabde sarvadā bhavati atha neti, ayam anupapannaḥ/ kasmāt? utpannasya yo nirodhād abhāvaḥ śabdasya tad anityatvam; evaṃ ca saty adhikaraṇādheyavibhāgo vyāghātān nāstīti/ nityānityatvavirodhāc ca/ nityatvam anityatvaṃ ca ekasya dharmiṇo dharmāv iti virudhyete, na sambhavataḥ/
% ekasya dharmiṇo ...] p.1150
tatra yad uktaṃ --- nityam anityatvasya bhāvān nitya eva, tad avartamānārtham uktam iti

********************** NySBh_5,1.37 **********************
NyS_5,1.37: prayatnakāryānekatvāt kāryasamaḥ ||
prayatnānantarīyakatvād anityaḥ śabda iti/ yasya prayatnānantaram ātmalābhaḥ tat khalv abhūtvā bhavati, yathā ghaṭādikāryam; anityam iti ca bhūtvā na bhavatīty etad vijñāyate/
% p.1151
evam avasthite prayatnakāryānekatvād iti pratiṣedha ucyate/ prayatnānantaram ātmalābhaś ca dṛṣṭo ghaṭādīnām, vyavadhānāpohāc cābhivyaktir vyavahitānām/ tat kiṃ prayatnānantaram ātmalābhaḥ śabdasyāho 'bhivyaktir iti viśeṣo nāsti/ kāryāviśeṣeṇa pratyavasthānam kāryasamaḥ

********************** NySBh_5,1.38 **********************
% p.1152
asyottaram ---
NyS_5,1.38: kāryānyatve prayatnāhetutvam anupalabdhikāraṇopapatteḥ ||
sati kāryānyatve anupalabdhikāraṇopapatteḥ prayatnasyāhetutvaṃ śabdasyābhivyaktau/ yatra prayatnānantaram abhivyaktis tatrānupalabdhikāraṇaṃ vyavadhānam upapadyate, vyavadhānāpohāc ca prayatnānantarabhāvino 'rthasyopalabdhilakṣaṇā 'bhivyaktir bhavatīti,
% prayatnānantarabhāvino ...] p.1153
na tu śabdasyānupalabdhikāraṇaṃ kiñcid upapadyate, yasya prayatnānantaram apohāc chabdasyopalabhilakṣaṇā 'bhivyaktir bhavatīti, tasmād utpadyate śabdo nābhivyajyate iti

********************** NySBh_5,1.39 **********************
% p.1154
hetoś ced anaikāntikatvam upapadyate anaikātikatvād asādhakaḥ syād iti/ yadi cānaikāntikatvād asādhakatvam ---
NyS_5,1.39: pratiṣedhe 'pi samāno doṣaḥ ||
pratiṣedho 'py anaikāntikaḥ, kiñcit pratiṣedhati kiñcin neti anaikāntikatvād asādhaka iti/ atha vā śabdasyānityatvapakṣe prayatnānantaram utpādo nābhivyaktir iti viśeṣahetvabhāvaḥ, nityatvapakṣe 'pi prayatnānantaram abhivyaktir notpāda iti viśeṣahetvabhāvaḥ/ so 'yam ubhayapakṣasamo viśeṣahetvabhāva ity ubhayam apy anaikātikam iti

********************** NySBh_5,1.40 **********************
% p.1155
NyS_5,1.40: sarvatraivam ||
sarveṣu sādharmyaprabhṛtiṣu pratiṣedhahetuṣu yatra yatrāviśeṣo dṛśyate tatrobhayoḥ pakṣayoḥ samaḥ prasajyata iti

********************** NySBh_5,1.41 **********************
NyS_5,1.41: pratiṣedhavipratiṣedhe pratiṣedhadoṣavad doṣaḥ ||
yo 'yaṃ pratiṣedhe 'pi samāno doṣo 'naikāntikatvam āpadyate so 'yaṃ pratiṣedhasya vipratiṣedhe 'pi samānaḥ/
% vipratiṣedhe 'pi samānaḥ/] p.1156
tatrānityaḥ śabdaḥ prayatnānantarīyakatvād iti sādhanavādinaḥ sthāpanā prathamaḥ pakṣaḥ/ ``prayatnakāryānekatvāt kāryasama'' iti dūṣaṇavādinaḥ pratiṣedhahetunā dvitīyaḥ pakṣaḥ/ sa ca pratiṣedha ity ucyate/ tasyāsya pratiṣedhe 'pi samāno doṣa iti tṛtīyaḥ pakṣaḥ vipratiṣedha ucyate/ tasmin pratiṣedhavipratiṣedhe 'pi samāno doṣo 'naikāntikatvaṃ caturthaḥ pakṣaḥ

********************** NySBh_5,1.42 **********************
NyS_5,1.42: pratiṣedhaṃ sadoṣam abhyupetya pratiṣedhavipratiṣedhe samāno doṣaprasaṅgo matānujñā ||
pratiṣedhaṃ dvitīyaṃ pakṣaṃ sadoṣam abhyupetya taduddhāram akṛtvānujñāya pratiṣedhavipratiṣedhe tṛtīyapakṣe samānam anaikāntikatvam iti samānaṃ dūṣaṇaṃ prasañjayato dūṣaṇavādino matānujñā prasajyata iti pañcamaḥ pakṣaḥ

********************** NySBh_5,1.43 **********************
% p.1157
NyS_5,1.43: svapakṣalakṣaṇāpekṣopapattyupasaṃhāre hetunirdeśe parapakṣadoṣābhyupagamāt samāno doṣaḥ ||
sthāpanāpakṣe prayatnakāryānekatvād iti doṣaḥ sthāpanāhetuvādinaḥ svapakṣalakṣaṇo bhavati/ kasmāt? svapakṣasamutthatvāt/ so 'yaṃ svapakṣalakṣaṇaṃ doṣam apekṣamāṇo 'nuddhṛtyānujñāya pratiṣedhe 'pi samāno doṣa ity upapadyamānaṃ doṣaṃ parapakṣe upasaṃharati/ itthaṃ cānaikāntikaḥ pratiṣedha iti hetuṃ nirdiśati/ tatra svapakṣalakṣaṇāpekṣayopapadyamānadoṣopasaṃhāre hetunirdeśe ca saty anena parapakṣadoṣo 'bhyupagato bhavati/ kathaṃ kṛtvā? yaḥ pareṇa prayatnakāryānekatvād ityādinānaikāntikadoṣa uktaḥ, tam anuddhṛtya pratiṣedhe 'pi samāno doṣa ity āha/ evaṃ sthāpanāṃ sadoṣām abhyupetya pratiṣedhe 'pi samānaṃ doṣaṃ prasañjayataḥ parapakṣābhyupagamāt samāno doṣo bhavati/
% prasañjayataḥ parapakṣābhyupagamāt...] p.1158
yathā parasya pratiṣedhaṃ sadoṣam abhyupetya pratiṣedhavipratiṣedhe 'pi samāno doṣaprasaṅgo matānujñā prasajyata iti, tathāsyāpi sthāpanāṃ sadoṣām abhyupetya pratiṣedhe 'pi samānaṃ doṣaṃ prasañjayato matānujñā prasajyata iti/ sa khalv ayaṃ ṣaṣṭhaḥ pakṣaḥ/
tatra khalu sthāpanāhetuvādinaḥ prathamatṛtīyapañcamapakṣāḥ, pratiṣedhahetuvādinaḥ dvitīyacaturthaṣaṣṭhapakṣāḥ/ teṣāṃ sādhvasādhutāyāṃ mīmāṃsyamānāyāṃ caturthaṣaṣṭhayor arthāviśeṣāt punaruktadoṣaprasaṅgaḥ/ caturthapakṣe samānadoṣatvaṃ parasyocyate --``pratiṣedhavipratiṣedhe pratiṣedhadoṣavad doṣa'' iti/ ṣaṣṭhe 'pi ``parapakṣadoṣābhyupagamāt samāno doṣa'' iti samānadoṣatvam evocyate, nārthaviśeṣaḥ kaścid asti/ samānas tṛṭīyapañcamayoḥ punaruktadoṣaprasaṅgaḥ, tṛṭīyapakṣe 'pi ``pratiṣedhe 'pi samāno doṣa'' iti samānatvam abhyupagamyate/ pañcamapakṣe 'pi ``pratiṣedhavipratiṣedhe samāno doṣaprasaṅgo'' 'bhyupagamyate, nārthaviśeṣaḥ kaścid ucyata iti/ tatra pañcamaṣaṣṭhapakṣayor arthāviśeṣāt punaruktadoṣaprasaṅgaḥ, tṛtīyacaturthayor matānujñā, prathamadvitīyayor viśeṣahetvabhāva iti ṣaṭpakṣyām ubhayor asiddhiḥ/
kadā ṣaṭpakṣī? yadā ``pratiṣedhe 'pi samāno doṣa'' ity evaṃ pravarttate/ tadobhayoḥ pakṣayor asiddhiḥ/ yadā tu ``kāryānyatve prayatnāhetutvam anupalabdhikāraṇopapatter'' ity anena tṛṭīyapakṣo yujyate,
% tṛtīyapakṣo yujyate,] p.1159
tadā viśeṣahetuvacanāt ``prayatnānantaram ātmalābhaḥ śabdasya, nābhivyaktir'' iti siddhaḥ prathamapakṣo na ṣaṭpakṣī pravartata iti