Nyāyasūtra with Vacaspatimiśra's Nyāyavārttikatātparyaṭīkā (with commentary) · Chapter 4

atrāpi samānajātīyābhyāṃ vādavitaṇḍābhyāmasamānajātīyebhyaḥ pramāṇādibhyo vyavacchedo jalpasya sūtrārthaḥ /
yathoktopapannapadārthaṃ vyācaṣṭe---samastamiti /
codayati---yathoktopapanna iti na yuktamiti /
nigrahasthānaniyamasya pramāṇatarkasādhanopālambhābhiprāyaniyamasya ca jalpe 'bhāvāt, bhāve vā vādajalpayorabhedaprasaṅgāt,
vādalakṣaṇasya ca jalpavyāpakatvena vyabhicāraprasaṅgād
yathoktopapanna ityetadanupapannamityarthaḥ /
pariharati---naiṣa doṣa iti /
uktamātramiha saṃbhavāt yogyatāsaṃbhavād
gṛhyate, na tvanukto 'rthalabhyo niyamaḥ /
na hyasau sūtrapadaśravaṇamātrāt pratīyate, api tu tadarthe pratīte tasyānyataḥ siddhau satyāṃ gamyata iti pramāṇatarkasādhanopālambha ityetadatidiśyata
iti uktamātropalakṣaṇaparam /
tena pramāṇatarkasādhanopālambha pañcāvayavopapannaḥ siddhāntāviruddhaḥ pakṣapratipakṣaparigraha ityetasya vādapadavarjaṃ samastasya lakṣaṇasyātideśaḥ /
niyamastvārtho na saṃbadhyata iti siddham /
lakṣaṇamātrasyeti uktamātrasya, nārthasya nāpi lakṣyapadasyetyarthaḥ /
atraiva dṛṣṭāntamāha---yathānyatra vaiśeśikatantre /
na niyamārthe pade ityupalakṣaṇam, na pramāṇatarkasādhanopālambhapadalabhyo 'bhiprāyaniyama
ityapi draṣṭavyam //
pakṣāntaramāha---atha veti /
yathā gobhiryukto ratho goratha iti yuktapadalopa
iti /
na hi niyamārthayoriti etadapyupalakṣaṇa pūrvavadeva /
iha vādalakṣaṇaṃ paṭhatā bhāṣyakāreṇa niyamo 'pyatidiṣṭa iti manvānaścodayati---bhāṣyam
idānīmiti /
pariharati---na setreti /
jalpalakṣaṇānukūlo yaḥ pāṭhakramaḥ, tato 'rthasvarūpamātraṃ pratīyate na tvārtho 'rtha ityarthaḥ /
yadupapannam uktamātramityarthaḥ /
atra bhāṣyakāreṇa chalādīnāṃ niṣedhārthatayā sādhanāṅgabhāvamākṣipya parapakṣavighātena svapakṣarakṣaṇādaṅgabhāva
iti darśitam /
tadetad vārttikakāra ākṣipati---chalajātinigrahasthānairiti /
tat kiṃ nigrahasthānānyapyayuktāni, ca caitacchakyamityata āha---chalaṃ tāvaditi /
chalajātyorākṣeptavyayoḥ saṃpātāyātāni nigrahasthānānītyabhiprāyaḥ /
bhāṣyoktaṃ samādhimāśaṅkate---aṅgabhāva
iti cet iti /
nirākaroti---etadapīti /
na hi sahasreṇāpyandhaiḥ pāṭaccarebhyo gṛhaṃ rakṣyata ityarthaḥ //
evamākṣipte pārśvasthaḥ pṛcchati---kimartha tarhīti /
siddhāntina uttaraṃ sādhaneti /
vāde tāvad yadyapi na sādhanavidhātasamarthāni,
tathāpi teṣāṃ tattvam avidvān ebhirahaṃ sādhanaṃ vihaniṣyāmītyanayā buddhyā upahṛtaḥ vyāmohitaḥ pravartate /
tasmād vāde bhrameṇopādānameteṣāmityarthaḥ /
yatra tveṣāṃ tattvaṃ vidvān pravartate, na sa vādaḥ,
kiṃ tu jalpo
vitaṇḍā vetyāha---yatra caitānīti /
nanu jalpavitaṇḍayoḥ prayogāt sādhanamaṅgaṃ vā syādata
āha---na punariti /
nanu yadi na sādhanamaṅgaṃ vā, kasmāt tarhi jalpavitaṇḍayoreṣāṃ prayoga
ityata āha---sādhusādhanopādāne ceti /
sādhusādhanopādāne ca vādinā kṛte pareṇa prativādinā jigīṣuṇākulitabuddhirdrāk pāramārthikamuttaramapratipadyamānaścchalādīni prayuṅkte /
kimarthamityata
āha---kadāciditi /
yathākathañcit prayogeṇa /
tadanena prakāreṇa tattvasaṃrakṣaṇārthatvāt
nāsadācāraḥ /
na ca śāstrakrārāṇāṃ chalādivyutpādanamasadṛśam,
na ca khaṭacapeṭādyabhidhānaprasaṅgaḥ, vāgyuddhe teṣāmaprasaṅgāditi /
na bādheti /
naikenāparaṃ tadaivāpodyata ityarthaḥ /
roṣaṃ sugamam

NyS_1,2.3: sa pratipakṣasthāpanāhīnaḥ vitaṇḍā //
uddeśakramānurodhena jalpānantaraṃ vitaṇḍālakṣaṇamāha---sa---ṇḍā

pūrvavādipakṣāpekṣayā prativādina ātmīya eva pakṣaḥ pratipakṣaḥ /
tasya sthāpanā sādhanam /
tayā hīnaḥ /
tadanena jalpād
vyavacchinatti /
tadetadāha bhāṣyakāraḥ---sa jalpa
iti /
tayorekataraṃ prativādī ātmīyaṃ pakṣaṃ na sthāyapatīti /
parapakṣapratiṣedheneti /
tatsthāpanāpratiṣedhenetyarthaḥ /
syādetat /
yathā prativādinaḥ pakṣo vādipakṣāpekṣayā
pratipakṣaḥ, evaṃ vādipakṣo 'pi prativādipakṣāpekṣayā pratipakṣa
ityubhayapakṣasthāpanāhīnā vitaṇḍeti syāt,
ita āha---vārttikakāraḥ---pratipakṣasthāpanāhīna
iti, dvitīyapakṣasthāpanāhīna iti /
prathamapakṣavādino hi sthāpanāyā abhāve kiṃ vaitaṇḍika
āhanti? na ca pakṣaḥ śakya āhantum /
tasmāt prathamapakṣavādino 'sti sthāpaneti dvitīya eva pakṣaḥ sthāpanāhīna iti samārthyād yuktamiti /
atra codyabhāṣyam
astu tarhiti /
sthāpanāyā abhāve sthāpyaḥ pakṣo 'pi nāsti /
na hyanyathā pakṣasya pakṣatvamiti bhāvaḥ /
pariharati---yad vai khalu taditi /
vaitaṇḍiko 'pi hi vādī pāriśeṣyāt matpakṣaḥ setsyatīti buddhyā svapakṣamasthāpayan parapakṣasthāpanāmāhanti /
tasmāt parapakṣapratiṣedhalakṣaṇaṃ vākyam asya pakṣaḥ parapakṣaniṣedhena pāriśeṣyāt pakṣasiddhihetutvādupacārataḥ /
tasmādasti vaitaṇḍikasya pakṣaḥ /
na tu parapakṣapratiṣedhādanyā sthāpanā /
tenāsya pakṣo 'sti,
nāsti ca pakṣasthāpanā /
tadidamuktam---na kañcidaryaṃ pratijñāya sthāpayatīti /
pakṣatvaṃ tu yogyatāmātreṇa,
na tu sthāpyamānatayeti //
astu tarhiti bhāṣyārthamāha--vārttikakāraḥ apare tviti /
tasmāt pratipakṣahīno vitaṇḍeti vaktavyamityarthaḥ /
pariharati---ayuktaṃ caitaditi /
na tāvadasthāpyamānasyāpi sthāpanārhatālakṣaṇā pakṣatā na yujyate,
tasmāt na vaitaṇḍiko dūṣaṇādanyat kiñcidabhyupagacchatīti /
anabhyupagamāt pakṣo 'sya nāstīti vaktavyam /
tathā ca caturvargābhyupagame virodho 'nabhyupagame vā nāyaṃ laukiko na parīkṣaka iti prasaṅga iti bhāvaḥ /
pratipādayiturayathārthāvabodhaṃ pratipattāraṃ cātmānamityarthaḥ /
yastu manyate caturvargābhyupagame 'pi dūṣaṇamātraṃ vitaṇḍetyeva vaktavyaṃ lāghavāyeti,
tanmatamupanyasyātiprasaṅgāpādanena dūṣayati---dūṣaṇamātreti /
samākhyānirvacanasāmarthyādeva gamyata ityarthaḥ /
upasaṃharati---tasmāditi /
tadanenārthato yad vai khalvityādi bhāṣyaṃ vyākhyātam

NyS_1,2.4: savyabhicāraviruddhaprakaraṇasamasādhyasamakālātītā hetvābhāsāḥ //
uddeśakramānurodhena vitaṇḍānantaraṃ hetvābhāsesu lakṣayitavyeṣu arthākṣiptasāmānyalakṣaṇameṣāṃ vibhāgoddeśaparaṃ sūtram---savya--sāḥ

tadvyākhyānaparaṃ bhāṣyaṃ samākhyāniruktivaśena sāmānyalakṣaṇaṃ pratipādayan vārttikāraḥ paṭhati---hetulakṣaṇābhāvāditi /
pṛcchati---kiṃ punariti /
na hyanyasyānyatvamātreṇa sādṛśyam, mā bhūt sarvasya sarveṇa sādṛśyamiti bhāvaḥ /
uttaram---pratijñeti /
prayogagataṃ sāmānyamuktvā prayojyagatamāha---anyatameti /
abādhitaviṣayatāsatpratipakṣatve satī apyavivakṣitvā trailakṣaṇyadvailakṣaṇyābhidhānaṃ draṣṭavyam /
śeṣamatirohitam //
ṣaṭsaṃptaṃ śataṃ gaṇayati---tatra sādhyavyāpaketi /
etasyāṃ triṣoḍaśyāṃ sādhyavyāpakasādhyaikadeśavṛttidharmabhedāt
ṣoḍaśīdvayaṃ viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyāsiddhibhedāt
catuḥṣaṣṭiḥ /
evaṃ samarthāsamarthaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhodāt
catuḥṣaṣṭi /
tadetat
catuḥṣaṣṭidvitayamaṣṭāviṃśaṃ śataṃ pūrvayā triṣoḍaśyā saha ṣaṭsaptaṃ śatam /
sādhyavyāpakānāṃ dharmaviśeṣāṇāmudāharaṇānyāha---tatreti /
vipakṣavyāptyavyāptibhyāṃ prathamadvitīyau sādhāraṇau, tṛtīyo 'nvayavyatirekī sādhyatajjātīyavyāpako hetureva /
vipakṣavyāptyavyāptibhyāṃ caturthapañcamau viruddhau hetvābhāsau /
yatra vipakṣe na vṛttistaṃ darśayati---dvyaṇukavaditi /
ṣaṣṭho 'vidyamānasapakṣavipakṣo 'sādhāraṇaḥ, ata
evāha---ghaṭādivaditi /
saptamāṣṭamau vipakṣavyāptyavyāptibhyāṃ sādhāraṇau /
navamastu sapakṣaikadeśavṛttiranvayavyatirekī hetureva /
daśamaikādaśau sapakṣavyāptyavyāptibhyāmanvayinau hetū /
dvādaśastu avidyamānavipakṣaḥ asādhāraṇaḥ /
trayodaśacaturdaśau tvavidyamānasapakṣo vipakṣavyāptyavyāptibhyāṃ viruddhau /
pañcadaśo 'pi vyatirekī hetureva /
ṣoḍaśastu avidyamānasapakṣavipakṣo 'sādhāraṇaḥ //
yadi bāhyakaraṇapratyakṣe vāṅmanase iti sādhyeta tadā nānityatvaṃ sapakṣavyāpakaṃ syāt, sāmānye
bāhyakaraṇapratyakṣe 'bhāvāt /
ataḥ sādhyadharmaṃ viśinaṣṭi---sāmānyaviśeṣavaditi /
anitye rūpavijñāne amūrtatvāditi /
rūpavijñānaskandhātiriktānāṃ vedanāsaṃjñāsaṃskāraskandhānāmanityatayā sapakṣāṇāṃ vyāpakamamūrtatvamiti /
tajjātīyaikadeśavṛttitvamamūrtatvasya darśayituṃ yatra na vartate tatpuraḥsaramudāharaṇaṃ rūpādivaditi //
anityaḥ śabdo 'śrāvaṇatvāt
iti nitye śabdatve na vartate /
arthaḥ śabda
iti, śabdo dharmī /
artha iti sādhyo dharmaḥ,
dravyaguṇakarmaṇāmanyatama ityarthaḥ /
yadyaśrotragrāhyatvādityucyeta,
tataḥ sāmānyādiṣvanartheṣu vipakṣeṣvapi varteta /
ata uktam---aśrotragrāhyasāmānyavattvāditi /
aśrotragrāhyaṃ ca tat sāmānyavacceti vigrahaḥ /
nanu cākṣuṣatvaṃ vipakṣavṛtti
samavāyasyānāśritasya cākṣuṣatvādityata uktam---aulūkyapakṣe iti /
siddhāntabheda iti, sotrāntikānām ityarthaḥ /
asamarthaviśeṣyasyodāharaṇam---kṛtakatve sati prameyatvāditi /
asamarthaviśeṣaṇasyodāharaṇam---prameyatve sati kṛtakatvāditi /
nirapekṣaṃ khalu kṛtakatvamanityatve sādhye samartham, prameyatvaṃ tvanyāpekṣam asamarthamityarthaḥ /
tadevaṃ triṣoḍaśyā prakṛtyāṣṭacatvāriṃśadṛ bhavanti hetuhetvābhāsāḥ /
vyāpakāvyāpakabhedena tu dviṣoḍaśī yadā viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyāsiddhyā cobhayasaṃpratipannayā asamarthaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyatayā sandigdhaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyatayā cobhayasaṃpratipannayā vikriyate tadā catuḥṣaṣṭhitrayeṇa dvānavataṃ śataṃ bhavati /
vādyasiddhaprativādyasiddhatayā ubhayānyatarasandigdhatayā ca catuḥṣaṣṭhidvayenāṣṭāviśakaṃ śatamaparam /
tadidam anyatarāsiddhā ityanena vārttikakṛtā sūcitam, dvābhyāmūnā triṃśad dvātriṃśaditi kathañcid vyutpattyā /
te punarvyāpakāvyāpakā vyadhikaraṇaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyavyadhikaraṇasandigdadhaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyavyadhikaraṇāsamarthaviśe ṣaṇaviśeṣyabhedena catuḥṣaṣṭitrayeṇa dvānavataṃ śatamaparam //
evamaprasiddhāśrayaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyā ubhayānyatarapakṣāprasiddhyā aṣṭāviṃśakaṃ śatam /
atrāpi dvātriṃśakamiti pūrvavad vyākhyeyam /
anyataramātramatra vivakṣitaṃ na tu vādiprativādibhedaḥ /
te punaraprasiddhāśrayāḥ pūrvavadbhedena vyadhikaraṇaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyasandigdhaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyasamarthaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhedena catuḥṣaṣṭitraye sati dvānavataṃ śatam /
tadevamanantarābhyāṃ dvānavataśatābhyāṃ śatatrayaṃ caturaśītaṃ yat tadevāṣṭāviṃśakaśatābhyāṃ dvānavatena ca śatena saṃpiṇḍitaṃ dvātriṃśaduttarāṣṭaśatī vikārabhūtā bhavati /
aṣṭācatvāriśat prakṛtayaḥ paścāt niveśanīyā iti /
ubhayāprasiddhāśrayaviśeṣyam
udāharati---yathā agnimān deśo dhūmavattvāt /
uktaṃ hi prāg yathā na deśo 'gnimattayā sādhyo 'pi tu dhūmaviśeṣa eveti /
anyatarāsiddhāśrayodāharaṇamāha---asti cātmā icchādiguṇatvāditi /
āśrayāsiddhaviśeṣaṇādayo 'pyuhanīyāḥ /
asamarthāvyāpakāsiddhaviśeṣaṇānāmudāharaṇam /
asamarthāśca te 'vyāpakāśca, vyadhikaraṇatayā asiddhāśceti vigradaḥ /
anityaḥ śabdaḥ prayatnānantarīyakatve sati kṛtakatvāditi kṛtakatvasyaiva viśeṣyasya sāmarthyādasamarthamanityatve prayatnānantarīyakatvam,
avyāpakaṃ ca stanayitnuśabdānāmavyāpakatvāt /
vyadhikaraṇatayā asiddhaṃ ca koṣṭhavāyutālvādikriyāyāṃ eva prayatnānantarīyakatvam,
na tvādyasyāpi śabdasya, prāgeva tu śrotrasamavāyina
iti /
kṛtakatve sati prayatnānantarīyakatvāditi cāsamarthāvyāpakāsiddhaviśeṣyāṇāmudāharaṇaṃ draṣṭavnayam //
vaibhavena tvasiddhatāvarjamudāharati---avyāpakāsamarthaviśeṣyāṇāmudāharaṇam---anityaḥ śabdaḥ pratyayabhedabheditvenopalabhyamānatvāt /
upalabhyamānatvaṃ hi nitye 'pyastīti vyabhicārādasamartham /
kāraṇabhedabheditvameva tu viśeṣaṇaṃ samarthamavyabhicārāditi /
kevalavyadhikaraṇaviśeṣyāṇāmudāharaṇam
asti pradhānaṃ bhedānāṃ goghaṭādīnāṃ sukhaduḥkhamohātmakatvenānvayadarśanāditi /
anvayadarśanaṃ hi bhedādhikaraṇatayā na pradhānadhikaraṇamiti,
vyadhikaraṇamiti vyadhikaraṇaṃ viśeṣyam /
kevalavyadhikaraṇaviśeṣaṇānāmudāharam---rūparasagandhasparśaśabdāḥ
candanaśabdādatyantaṃ vibhinnārthāḥ samudāyasamudāyyasaṃbhave sati rūpādīnāmarthānāṃ rūpādiśabdānāṃ ca tena candanaśabdena vyapadiśyamānatvāt /
candanasya rūpādaya iti samudāyasamudāyyasaṃbhavo rūpādiṣu vyapadeśaśca rūpādiśabdeṣviti vyadhikaraṇaṃ viśeṣaṇamityarthaḥ /
tadanena prapañcena dvātriṃśaduttarāṣṭaśatī darśitā //
saṃprati dvānavataśatayugmāntaraṃ darśayitumudāharaṇamāha---anyathāsiddhodāharaṇaṃ nityaḥ śabdo 'bhyāsāt /
seyaṃ kriyābhyāvṛttiryathā śabdānityatve 'pyupapadyate tathā dvitīye darśayiṣyate /
siṃhāvalokitanyāyena vyadhikaraṇaviśeṣyaṃ sandigdhaviśeṣaṇamudāharati---sandigdhāpratiddheti /
viśeṣaṇaśabdaḥ tantreṇa viśeṣaṇe viśeṣye ca karmakaraṇasādhanatayā prayukto vartate /

tena sandigdhaṃ viśeṣaṇam aprasiddhaṃ vyadhikaraṇatayā viśeṣyaṃ yeṣāṃ teṣāmudāharaṇamityarthaḥ /
yathā sandihyamāne dhūmādibhāve 'gnimān deśo dhūmavattve sati prakāśakatvāt, dhūmavattvaṃ viśeṣaṇaṃ sandigdadham /
prakāśakatvaṃ ca viśeṣyaṃ vyadhikaraṇam /
tat khalu vahnerdharmo na deśasyeti /
aprasiddhaviśeṣaṇasandigdhaviśeṣyāṇāmudāharaṇaṃ darśayati---viparyayeṇeti /
aprasiddhetyapi draṣṭavyam /
agnimān deśaḥ prakāśakatve sati dhūmavattvāditi //
saṃprati dvānavataśatayugmāntaraṃ darśayituṃ bhūmiracanāṃ karoti---evamiti /
ye ye sandigdhāsiddhā vyāpakāvyāpakabhedena dvātriṃśat ta
evobhayānyatarāsiddhyā catuḥṣaṣṭirbhavanti tataḥ kimityata āha--te catuḥṣaṣṭitāmāpannāḥ pūrvavadbhedena vyadhikaraṇaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyasandigdhaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyāsamarthaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhedena tāvaccatuḥṣaṣṭitrayamityekaṃ dvānavataṃ śatam /
apare cāśrayāsiddhavyadhikaraṇaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyasandigdhaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyāsamarthaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhedena dvānavataṃ śatam /
tadidaṃ
caturaśītaṃ śatatrayaṃ sandigdhāsiddhamāśritya /
aparamapi dvānavataśatayugmāntaramanyathāsiddhamāśrityāha---evamanyathāsiddhabhedo draṣṭavyaḥ //
anyathāsiddhabhedo 'pi hi vyadhikaraṇaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyasandigdhāsamarthaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhedāt
catuḥṣaṣṭitrayamiti /
punaśca sa
evānyathāsiddha
āśrayāsiddhavyadhikaraṇaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyasandigdhāsamarthaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhedāt
catuḥṣaṣṭitrayamiti dvānavataśatayugmeva śatatrayaṃ caturaśītam /
aparamapi dvānavataśatayugmakamāha--evaṃ viruddhaviśeṣaṇā viruddhaviśeṣyāśceti /
viruddhaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyā api hi vyadhikaraṇaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyasandigdhāsamarthaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhedāccāśrayāsiddhavyadhi-
karaṇaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyasandigdhāsamarthaviśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhedācca śatatrayaṃ caturaśītam /
tadevamebhistribhiścaturaśītaiḥ śatatrayairdvipañcāśacchatottaraṃ sahasramekam, dvātriṃśaduttarayā aṣṭaśatyā sahasramekaṃ caturaśītisahitā ca navaśatī /
tadevaṃ prakṛtibhūtāṣṭā catvāriṃśatprakṣepeṇa saṃpiṇḍitaṃ dvātriṃśe dve sahasre bhavata iti //
tanna asatvāditi /
pañcānāṃ caturṇāṃ vā rūpāṇāṃ saṃpattiravyabhicāraḥ /
sa caikasmin viṣaye viruddhayorna saṃbhavati,
antato 'satpratipakṣasyaiva rūpasyābhāvādityarthaḥ /
pañcānāṃ hetūnāmiti /
sapakṣavyāptyavyāptibhyāmanvayī dvedhā,
vyatirekyekaḥ, anvayavyatirekyapi sapakṣavyāptpavyāptibhyāṃ dvedheti pañca hetavaḥ /
pañcānāṃ hetūnāṃ sarūpāsarūpapratibandhāt pañca pañcakā bhavanti /
sarūpaḥ anvayino 'nvayī,
vyatirekiṇo vyatirekī, anvayavyatirekiṇo 'nvayavyatirekī /
asarūpaścānvayyādervyatirekyādiḥ, tena pratibandhaḥ, etaduktaṃ bhavati, anvayyādāvekaikasmin sarūpāsarūpāḥ pañca hetavaḥ pratibandhakā iti pañcabhiḥ pañcakaiḥ pañcaviṃśatirviruddhāvyabhicāriṇa
iti /
codayati---lakṣaṇata eveti /
pariharati---nānarthakamiti /
yatparo hi śabdastatrāsau pramāṇam, samānāsamānajātīyavyavacchedakaṃ ca lakṣaṇasūtramiti tatraiva pramāṇam na tviyattāyāmatatparatvāt /
na cāsāvārthī sato 'pyanupayogādalakṣyamāṇatvopapatteḥ prameyāntaravaditi

NyS_1,2.5: anaikāntikaḥ savyabhicāraḥ //
tadevamarthākṣiptasāmānyalakṣaṇaṃ vibhāgaṃ darśayitvā viśeṣalakṣaṇamavatārayati bhāṣyakāraḥ, teṣāṃ hetvābhāsānāṃ madhye anai---raḥ

atra cānaikāntikasavyabhicāraśabdau paryāyau puruṣabhedāpekṣayā lakṣyalakṣaṇatvenāvasthitau /
yasyānaikāntikapadārtho 'prasiddhaḥ prasiddhaśca savyabhicārapadārthaḥ, taṃ pratyanaikāntika iti lakṣyatirdeśaḥ, savyabhicāra iti lakṣaṇam /
yasya tu savyabhicārapadārtho 'prasiddhaḥ prasiddhaścānaikāntikapadārthastaṃ prati savyabhicāra iti lakṣyanirdeśaḥ, anaikāntika
iti lakṣaṇam /
tatra savyabhicāra iti lakṣaṇapadaṃ kakṣīkṛtyāha bhāṣyakāraḥ vyabhicāra
ekatrāvyavasthitiḥ /
etaduktaṃ bhavati /
savyabhicārapadaṃ nirvacanasāmarthyāt lakṣaṇapadamiti /
anaikāntikapadalakṣaṇapakṣe bhāṣyakāroktam anityatvamapyeko 'nta ityādi /
tad vārttikakāraḥ paryudāsābhiprāyeṇa vyācaṣṭe---ekasminnante niyata aikāntika iti /
na heturaikāntiko yena tadanyatvena hetvābhāsamātrasaṃgrahādekajātīyatvena hetvābhāsānāṃ vibhāgasūtravirodhaḥ syāt,
kiṃ tvekasminnante yo niyataḥ sa aikāntikaḥ,
tadviparyayādanaikāntiko 'niyato 'nityatve ca nityatve cānvayena ca vyatirekeṇa cobhayapakṣagāmīti yāvat /
na caivaṃbhūtā viruddhādayo hetvābhāsā ityabhiprāyaḥ /
tadevam anaikāntikaḥ savyabhicāraḥ iti sthite pṛcchati---kaḥ punariti /
uttaram---sādhyatajjātīyeti /
avagata eṣa vyabhicāra iti, anaikāntikapadavācyatāsya kathamityata āha--anyatra sarvo 'yamiti /
prameyapadārthasya tu sarvavyāpino nānto vyatireko 'stītyata
uktam--anyatra prameyāditi //
atra bauddhaiḥ yad vikalpya dūṣaṇamuktam, tadupanyasyati--anaikāntika
iti /
kiṃ punarayamiti /
aikāntiko hetuḥ /
tato 'nyaḥ sarva eva hetvābhāsa ityarthaḥ /
dvitīyaṃ kalpaṃ dūṣayati---atha prasajyeti /
tathāpi hetorabhāvo 'naikāntikaḥ /
na cāsau savyabhicāraḥ /
bhāvadharmau hi vyabhicārāvyabhicārau nābhāve sarvopākhyāvirahiṇi yujyete ityarthaḥ /
tadetat śākyadūṣaṇaṃ nirākaroti---nāyaṃ paryudāsapakṣa iti /
paryudāsapakṣastāvadasmākamabhimata upapannataraśca,
kevalamayaṃ prasajyapratiṣedhavallabhastamāsthāya sarvaṃ dūṣayatīti tamevāṅgīkṛtya sarvatra brūma
ityāśayavataḥ samādhānam /
na punarabrāhmaṇādāvapi vārtikakārasya prasajyapratiṣedho 'bhimataḥ, kiṃ tu paryudāsa
eveti /
abhyupetya tu tatrāpi prasajyapratiṣedhābhidhānam /
na hi prasajyapratiṣedho 'pi tucchaḥ, api tu kasyacid vastuno 'bhāvena viśiṣṭaṃ kiñcideva vastvityarthaḥ //
atra bhāṣyam---nidarśanaṃ nityaḥ śabdo 'sparśatvāt iti /
vaidharmye dṛṣṭāntam āha---sparśavāniti /
anityaḥ
kumbhaḥ sparśavān dṛṣṭa iti yojanā /
vaidharmye vyāpyavyāpakabhāvasya vaiparītyāditi vaidharmyavyabhicāramāha---dṛṣṭānte sparśavattvamanityatvaṃ ca dharmau na sādhyasādhanabhūtau gṛhyete /
na hi yadanityaṃ tat sarvaṃ sparśavad buddhyādibhirvyabhicārāt /
sādharmye 'pi caibhireva vyabhicāro vakṣyata
itīha noktaḥ /
nanu mā bhūnnityatvaṃ sādhyam,
asparśatvamevāstu nityatvasya sādhyamityata
āha---sparśavāṃścāṇurnityaśceti /
tathāpi yadasparśavanna bhavati tannityamapi na bhavatīti vaidharmyaṃ vyabhicarati, sparśavato 'pyaṇornityatvādityarthaḥ /
sādharmyavyabhicāramāha---ātmādau ceti //
atra vārttikakāro 'sparśavattvasya hetoḥ praśnapūrvakaṃ svarūpaṃ niṣkarṣati---kiṃ punastat asparśatvaṃ śabdād
bhinnatvamityarthaḥ /
sattāviśeṣaṇo vā samavāyaḥ,
samavāyaviśeṣaṇā vā sattā, anvayavyatirekābhyāmityarthaḥ /
vākyārthe ca padaprayogo 'sparśa iti śrotriyapadavadityāha---vākyārtheti /
anaikāntika
iti lakṣaṇamiti pakṣe codayati---atideśeti /
yadi hi kvacit śāstrapradeśe anaikāntikaḥ kathitaḥ, taddeśātilaṅghanena atrātidiśyamāno viditarūpa iha savyabhicāraṃ lakṣayet,
na tvasya śāstrapradeśe kvacidapi kīrtanamastītyarthaḥ /
pariharati---nedamiti /
lokaprasiddhatvenoktaprāyamityarthaḥ /
anvayenaivobhayāntasanniyato 'naikāntika
iti manvānaḥ śaṅte---avyāpakatvāditi /
pariharati---neti /
vyāvṛttīti /
kvacidanvayasyobhayāntasaṃniyatatā,
kvacid vyatirekasyetyarthaḥ /
ekeṣāṃ matamupanyasyati---apare tviti /
dūṣayati---taistviti /
nodāharaṇe vyabhicārāllakṣaṇavyabhicāro bhavatyanyatvāt /
no khalūdāharaṇamādriyante parīkṣakāḥ kiṃ tu lakṣaṇamityarthaḥ

NyS_1,2.6: siddhāntam abhyupetya tadvirodhī viruddhaḥ //
siddhā---ddhaḥ

pṛcchati---ko 'sya sūtrasyeti /
na khalu heturacetanaḥ siddhāntamabhyupagacchati, yaścābhyupagacchati cetano nāsāvanyatamena hetulakṣaṇena yujyate iti na hetvābhāsaḥ /
na ca pakṣaḥ siddhānta iti tadvirodhī na viruddhaḥ syāditi bhāvaḥ /
uttaram---abhyupagatārthavirodhī viruddhaḥ hetudvāreṇa puruṣasyābhyupagamo hetāvupacaritaḥ /
abhyupagamaviṣayamātravivakṣayā ca siddhāntaśabdaḥ prayukto na punaḥ siddhānta
eveha vivakṣitaḥ /
tena pekṣo 'bhyupagamaviṣaya iti tadvirodhī hetvābhāsaḥ saṃgṛhīto bhavati viśeṣaviruddhasya ca na hetvābhāsatetyuktaṃ bhavati /
na hi viśeṣo 'bhyupagamasya viṣayaḥ, na khalvayaṃ pratijñāpadagocaraḥ, kiṃ tu pratijñārthasya siddhyanuṣaṅgīti nābhyupagamagocara
iti bhāvaḥ /
īdṛśasya sūtravyākhyānasya phalamāha---evaṃ ceti /
īdṛśaṃ vyākhyānamantareṇānuktasya viruddhasyetyarthaḥ /
abhyupagatena vā bādhyata
iti, svarūpeṇa hetutvena vetyarthaḥ /
tadanena taṃ viruṇaddhītyādi bhāṣyaṃ vyākhyātam /
codayati---nanvevamiti /
yadi hetutvabādhād
viruddha ityuktaḥ, hanta, savyabhicārādayo 'pi viruddhāḥ /
teṣāmapi hi hetutvaṃ bādhitam /
abādhe vā na hetvābhāsā iti bhāvaḥ /
pariharati---satyameka eveti /
īdṛśāviruddhatvena tulyatve 'pyavāntarabhedavivakṣayā pañcatvam /
yathā pramāṇādīnāṃ prameyatvena tulyatve 'pi pramāṇaprameyādīnāmavāntarabhedavivakṣayā ṣoḍaśatvam, yathā vā tṛṇaviśeṣa
evāsādhāraṇatayā tṛṇolapa ityākhyāyate,
evaṃ viruddhaviśeṣa
evāsāvanaikāntikādirviruddhānaikāntikādipadavācya
ityarthaḥ //
atrodāharaṇabhāṣyam---yathā so 'yaṃ vikāra iti /
mahadahaṅkārapañcatanmātraikādeśendriyabhūtasūkṣmamahābhūtāni vikāraḥ /
tasya vyaktiḥ dharmalakṣaṇāvasthāpariṇāmaḥ,
tasmādapāya iti /
atra hetuḥ
nityatvapratiṣedhāditi /
tasya vyākhyānam---na nityo vikāra upapadyata iti /
apeto 'pi vikāro 'sti vināśapratiṣedhāt /
so 'yaṃ nityatvapratiṣedhāditi heturvyakterapeto 'pi vikāro 'stītyanena svasiddhāntena virudhyate /
etadeva praśnapūrvakaṃ vibhajate---kathamityādinā /
virodhasya dvyāśrayatvāt siddhāntena virudhyate ityabhisaṃghāya siddhāntaṃ vyāhantītyuktamityarthaḥ /
tadetad bhāṣyaṃ vyācaṣṭe---udāharaṇamiti /
nanu nityatvapratiṣedhāditi heturvināśapratiṣedhena siddhāntena viruddha iti bruvāṇaḥ śāstravirodhamāpādayati /
tathā ca kālātyayāpadiṣṭo hetvābhāso na viruddha ityata āha---ete te vākye parasparārthabādhite iti /
dṛḍhatarapramāṇabādhito hi hetuḥ kālātyayāpadiṣṭo bhavati, yathā brāhmaṇena surā peyā dravadravyatvāt kṣīravadityayaṃ hetuḥ
gauḍī paiṣṭī ca mādhvī ca vijñeyā trividhā surā /
yathaibaikā tathā sarvā na peyā brahmavādibhiḥ //
ityādibhirāgamairatidṛḍhairbādhitaḥ kālātyayāpadiṣṭatayā hetvābhāso bhavati /
prakṛte tu vākye parasparaviruddhārthatayā na pratiṣṭhāṃ labhete, na punaranyataradanyatareṇa śakyaṃ bādhituṃ dvayostulyabalatvāt tasmāt nāyaṃ kālātyayāpadiṣṭa ityarthaḥ //
vyākhyānāntaramāha---pratijñāhetvorvā virodha iti /
so 'yaṃ vikāro vyakterapaitīti pratijñā nityatvapratiṣedhāditi hetunā virudhyate /
vyaktimātrādapaiti, na tu vinaśyatīti hi pratijñārthaḥ apeto 'pyasti vināśapratiṣedhādityanena vyākhyātaḥ /
tathā ca vyakterapaitītyenana vikārasya nityatvaṃ pratijñātaṃ nityatvapratiṣedhādityanena hetunā viruddhaṃ bhavati /
khasiddhānteneti svapakṣeṇetyarthaḥ /
atra cārthe sugamaṃ bhāṣyam /
atra vārttikakāra-
codayati---nanu pratijñāvirodha iti /
pratijñāhetvorvirodhaḥ pratijñāvirodha
ityarthaḥ /
pariharati---naiṣa doṣa iti /
pratijñāśritatvaṃ virodhasya vivakṣitvā nigrahasthāneṣu pratijñāvirodhasyopādānam,
hetvāśritatvaṃ tu tasyaiva virodhasya vivakṣitvā hetvābhāse 'ntarbhāva iti /
yadā
pratijñayā hetuvirodha iti hetorapyanyatarāsiddhatayā pratijñāyā tulyabalatvābhiprāyam /
yadā tu heturubhayasiddho bhavati, tadā hetorvā pratijñāvirodhakatvamiti /
upasaṃharati---ata iti /
hetorvirodhodāharaṇam /
virodhakatvaṃ virodhaḥ /
śabdasyotpattidharmakatvaṃ pramāṇaviniścitaṃ nityatvapratijñāṃ bādhata
ityarthaḥ /
prasaṅgāt
hetvābhāsātiriktasya pratijñāpadayorvirodhasya nigrahasthānasyodāharaṇamāha---pratijñāvirodhasyeti /
tṛtīye 'dhyāye caiṣa virodha
upapādayiṣyate /
hetoranyatarāsiddhatayā samānabalayoḥ pratijñāhetvorvirodhodāraṇaṃ guṇeti /
hetuvirodhodāharaṇaṃ nāstyeko bhāva
iti /
utpattimattvaṃ hyanyatarāsiddhamapi śakyasādhanamiti pratijñārthaṃ vyāhanti, samūhe bhāvaśabdaprayogāditi tu ubhayasiddhameva pratijñārthaṃ vyāhantītyetāvatā bheda ityarthaḥ

NyS_1,2.7: yasmāt prakaraṇacintā saḥ nirṇayārthamapadiṣṭaḥ prakaraṇasamaḥ //
yasmā---maḥ

prakaraṇaśabdārthamāha bhāṣyakāraḥ vimarśādhiṣṭhānāviti /
vimarśaḥ saṃśayaḥ /
tasya viṣayau /
anavasitau anirṇītau, tādṛśayoreva pakṣapratipakṣaśabdavācyatvāt,
prakriyate sādhyatvenādhikriyata ityanayā vyutpatyā prakaraṇam /
cintāparaṃ vyācaṣṭe---tasya prakaraṇasya cintā vimarśāt prabhṛti prāg nirṇayāt samīkṣaṇam ālocanaṃ jijñāsā /
sā khalu tattvānupalabdhyā kṛtā /
no khalvayaṃ nityadharmān nityatvāvinābhāvino 'nityadharmān vā anityatvāvinābhāvina upalabhamānastatra sandigdhe tad vā jijñāsate /
saiva nityadharmānupalabdhiranityadharmānupalabdhirvā vicitrābhisandhitayā vādinā nirṇayāyāpadiśyamānā prakaraṇasamo hetvābhāsaḥ /
kutaḥ? ubhayapakṣasābhyāt yathā nityatvapakṣe 'nityadharmānupalabdhirevamanityatvapakṣe 'pi nityadharmānupalabdhiḥ /
seyaṃ tattvānupalabdhimātravivakṣayobhayapakṣasamā,
prakaraṇasamā tu yathāprakaraṇamaniścāyakam
evamiyamapītyarthaḥ /
vyutpattinimittamātraṃ caitat prakaraṇasamapadasya, pravṛttinimittaṃ tu satpratipakṣatvam, anyathānaikāntikasyāpi prakaraṇasamatvaprasaṅgāditi /
prajñāpanaṃ prajñāpyate aneneti vyutpattyā nidarśanamuktam //
anaikāntikatvaśaṅkā satpratipakṣasyāsya vyavacchinatti---yatra samāna iti, saṃśayena samaḥ aniścāyakatvāditi /
etaduktaṃ bhavati,
na hi nityadharmānupalabdhirubhayasiddhe nitye 'sti yena savyabhicāro bhavet,
nāpyanityadharmānupalabdhirubhayasaṃmate 'nitye 'sti yena savyabhicāro bhavet /
api tu parasparamanayoḥ satpratipakṣatayaiva
hetvābhāsatvamiti /
yasmāt prakaraṇacintetyuktaṃ sūtrakṛtā,
tatra yasmādarthaṃ praśtapūrvakaṃ darśayati vārttikakāraḥ---kasmāditi /
kāraṇatvaṃ tattvānupalabdhervyatirekeṇa deśayati---yasmāditi /
ata eveti tattvānupalabdherityarthaḥ /
codayati---nanvayamiti /
pakṣapratipakṣau hi prakaraṇam /
tau ca sādhyau /
tābhyāṃ ca samaḥ sādhyasamaḥ /
tathā ca sādhyasamāt hetvābhāsāt na pṛthag
nirdeśyaḥ prakaraṇasama ityarthaḥ /
pariharati---nāviśiṣṭa iti /
yadyapi prakaraṇasamaśabdo vyutpattyā sādhyāviśiṣṭena samānārthaḥ,
tathāpi pravṛttinimittamasya satpratipakṣatvam /
na ca tattvānupalabdhiḥ svayamasiddhā, sā hyupalambhanābhāvena sulabheti bhāva //
paramatamanubhāṣyātiprasaṅgāpādanena dūṣayati---ye tu saṃśayahetutvāditi /
codayati---samūha iti /
yasmin sati bhavatyeva tat kāraṇam, samūhe sati ca bhavatyeva naikaikasmin, tattmāt naikaikaṃ kāraṇamiti bhāvaḥ /
pariharati---samūhaḥ kāraṇamitīti /
na hyakāraṇānāṃ samūhaḥ kāraṇaṃ bhavitumarhati, atiprasaṅgāt /
na ca samūhivailakṣaṇyamantareṇājānataḥ samūhasya vailakṣaṇyam /
tasmāt samūhina evānyonyasamavadhānavantaḥ kāraṇam /
tathā ca pratyakṣasyopapannaṃ saṃśayakāraṇatvam /
na ca yasmin sati bhavatyeva tat kāraṇam, api tu yasmin satyeva na tvasatīti lakṣaṇabhaṅgabhaṅge vakṣyāma iti //
nanūbhayadharmānupalabdhirubhayapakṣasādhāraṇīti savyabhicāra evetyata āha---ubhayadharmānupalabdhāviti /
nobhayadharmānupalabdhiratra hetuḥ, api tu ekadharmānupalabdhiḥ /
na cāsau sādhāraṇī,
kiṃ tu tatpratipakṣetyarthaḥ /
ubhayaviśeṣānupalabdheḥ prakaraṇasamatvena abhidhānāśakyatvāt prakaraṇasamasyodāharaṇāntaraṃ dūṣayati---śarīrādanyatvaṃ tviti /
pareṣāṃ kilodāharaṇaṃ nitya
ātmā śarīrādanyatvād
ākāśavaditi /
tatra śarīrādanyatvam upalabhamāno yadā tattvaṃ nityatvamātmanaḥ pratyeti, na hi tadā jijñāsituṃ nityatvaṃ pravartate /
yadā tu tattvaṃ nityattvaṃ nopalabhate śarīrādanyatvamupalabhamāno 'pi tadā pravartate /
tasmādanvayavyatirekābhyāṃ tattvānupalabdhireva prakaraṇacintāpravartikā na śarīrādanyatvam /
tasmāt naitat prakaraṇasamasyodāharaṇam /
api tu tattvānupalabdhireva /
itaścaitanna prakaraṇasamasyodāharaṇamityāha---śarīrādanyatvaṃ cānaikāntikam /
upasaṃharati---ataśca na sūtrārthaḥ
na sūtraviṣayaḥ /
evamanyānyapi satpratipakṣodāharaṇānyūhanīyāni

NyS_1,2.8: sādhyāviśiṣṭaḥ sādhyatvāt sādhyasamaḥ //
sādhyā---maḥ

atra sādhyasama
iti lakṣyanirdeśaḥ /
sādhyāviśiṣṭa iti lakṣaṇam /
tadanena svarūpāsiddhaikadeśāsiddhāśrayāsiddhānyathāsiddhānāṃ saṃgrahaḥ, teṣāmasiddhatvena sādhyāviśiṣṭatvāt /
atra cāsiddhaḥ sādhyasama iti vaktavye sādhyāviśiṣṭagrahaṇamanyatarāsiddhasyāpi siddheḥ prāgahetutvajñāpanārtham /
anyathātyantāsiddha
eva sādhyasamo nānyatarāsiddhaḥ tasya kadācit siddheriti bhrāntiḥ syāt /
sādhyāviśiṣṭena tu so 'pi saṃgṛhīta iti /
nanvevaṃ sādhyāviśiṣṭatvenānyatarāsiddha
eva syāt netare, neṣāmasiddhatvena sādhyāviśeṣābhāvādityata
uktaṃ sūtrakṛtā sādhyatvāditi /
yadi hi sādhyaṃ nāsiddhaṃ bhavet sādhyatvādeva cyaveta, na khalu siddhaṃ sādhyate /
tasmāt sādhyatvādasiddhatā /
sā ca kasyacit sarvadā, kādācitkī kaściditi sarveṣāmaviśiṣṭatvamiti nāvyāptiḥ /
nāpi sādhyatvasyātiprasaktyātivyāptiḥ
hetvābhāsasāmānyalakṣaṇāpekṣatvāt tadviśeṣalakṣaṇasyeti sūtrārthaḥ /
sādhnīyatvāditi bhāṣyagataṃ na sādhyatvādityasya vyākhyānam,
api tu gatimattvasyāsiddhatvaparam //
atra vārttikakāraḥ sūtrārthaṃ vyācaṣṭe---sādhyenāviśiṣṭo ya iti /
sādhyena vyabhicāro mā bhūdityata
āha---sādhanadharma iti hetvābhāsasāmānyalakṣaṇayoge sati etallakṣaṇamiti na vyabhicāra iti bhāvaḥ /
atra bhāṣyakāreṇa svarūpāsiddhāśrayāsiddhānyathāsiddhānāṃ sādhāraṇamudāharaṇamuktam---dravyaṃ chāyā gatimattvāditi /
tadvibhajate vārttikakāraḥ
dravyaṃ chāyeti /
atra svarūpāsiddhatāṃ tāvadāha---yathaiveti /
āśrayāsiddhatāmavatārayituṃ gatimattaṃ chāyāyāḥ pañcāvayavena vākyena sādhyati---gatimattvamiti /
āśrayāsiddhatāmāha---nāśrayāsiddhatvāditi /
satyā eva chāyāyā deśāntare darśanād yo 'syā gatimattvamanubhinoti taṃ pratyāśrayāsiddhaṃ deśāntare darśanam,
tadāśrayasyāsiddhatvāt /
tadidamuktam---sati dravyābhāva iti, sati sattva ityarthaḥ, na tāvat chāyā sāmānyaviśeṣasamavāyāntarbhūtā tasyā nityatābhāvāt /
nāpi karma, saṃyogavibhāgāsamavāyikāraṇatvābhāvāt /
na guṇo dravyāsamavāyāt /
na manodikkālaguṇaḥ,
tadguṇānāmapratyakṣatvāt /
nāpyātmaguṇo bāhyendriyapratyakṣatvāt /
nāpi nabhonabhasvatoḥ,
tadguṇānāmacākṣuṣatvāt /
nāpi tejasaḥ,
tadvirodhitvāt tatsahacaritaguṇāntarānupalabdheśca /
ata eva na pṛthivīpāthasorapi /
api ca tadguṇaścākṣuṣo nālokamantareṇa śakyagrahaḥ /
chāyā tu tamantareṇa gṛhyate,
tasmiṃstu sati na gṛhyate iti durghaṭam /
nāpi dravyam, taddhi pṛthivyādīnāmamanyatamad bhaved anyad
vā daśamam /
na
tāvadanyatamam,
tadguṇānāmanupalabdadheḥ, nāpyanyad rūpavaditi yujyate, tasyādravyasya pratyakṣatvānupapatteḥ,
asparśavatvādanāmbhakatvenānekadravyatvābhāvāt /
tasmād bhābhāva eva chāyā na tu satīti siddham //
yastu manyate mā bhūt
chāyā satī, bhavatu bhābhāvaḥ tathāpi nāśrayāsiddhatā deśāntaradarśanasya bhābhāvāśrayatvādeveti taṃ pratyabhyupetyānyathāsiddhatayā sādhyasamatvamāpādayati---abhyupetyeti /
svābhāviko hi saṃbandho hetoḥ sādhyena sahānumānāṅgaṃ naupādhika iti vivecitamanumānalakṣaṇe /
tadayamanyathāsiddha aupādhikasaṃbandho bhavati hetvābhāsaḥ /
seyaṃ hetorasiddhirdvidhā svarūpato hetutvena ca /
svarūpato 'pi dvedhā, svata āśrayāsiddhyā ca /
na caitāvatā savyabhicārādīnāmapi hetutvāsiddherasiddha evāntarbhāvaḥ savyabhicāratvādiviśeṣaṇena teṣāmato bhedāt /
anyathāsiddhasya tu tadviśeṣaṇatvāyogino hetutvāsiddhimātreṇa sādhyasame 'ntarbhāva
iti sarvamavadātam /
saṃkalayati---so 'yamiti /
ta ete 'siddhabhedā udāharaṇabhedeṣvapi draṣṭavyāḥ, yathā nityaḥ śabdaḥ
cākṣuṣatvāditi svayamasiddhaḥ /
tanubhuvanādīnāṃ na kartā īśvaro 'śarīratvādityāśrayāsiddhaḥ /
sa śyāmo maitratanayatvāt paridṛśyamānamaitratanayastomavadityanyathāsiddhaḥ,
annapānapariṇatibhedanibandhanatvāt rūpabhedasyānyathāsiddhatvamiti /
ayamapyasiddhatvāt iti bhāṣye apiśabdena
āśrayasya chāyāyā api sattvenāsiddhiḥ sūcitā //
atra bhadantena idaṃ sādhyasamalakṣaṇamudāharaṇāntaraṃ kalpayitvā dūṣitam /
idaṃ kilāsyodāharaṇam,
nityaḥ
śabdo 'sparśatvād buddhivaditi /
tadetat tridhāpyasiddhaṃ na bhavatīti dūṣayitvā bhadantena śaṅkitam, atha sādhyenāviśiṣṭo dṛṣṭānto yasmin sa sādhyāviśiṣṭo hetvābhāsa iti buddherdṛṣṭāntasya nityatvenāsiddhatvāt
ityāśaṅkya bahuvrīhyabhāvena dūṣitam /
tadetat sarvamanabhyupagamena vārttikakāro dūṣayati---nityaḥ śabda iti /
yadyetat nodāharaṇaṃ kimudāharaṇaṃ ko vā sūtrārtha ityata āha---yathā tvasmābhiriti /
ayaṃ bhadantokto doṣa ityarthaḥ /
kasmādityata āha---bhadantena sūtrārtho na vijñātaḥ, na hi savyabhicāro 'nena lakṣyate yena savyabhicāramasparśavattvamasyodāharaṇaṃ syāt, kiṃ tu sādhyasamaḥ /
nāpi vyadhikaraṇabahuvrīhidūṣaṇenākṣarārtho jñātaḥ /
nāpi buddhivaditi dṛṣṭāntābhāsameva hetvābhāsaṃ kurvatā hetvābhāsadṛṣṭāntābhāsau jñātau bhadantenetyarthaḥ

NyS_1,2.9: kālātyayāpadiṣṭaḥ kālātītaḥ //
kālā---taḥ

atra kālātīta iti lakṣyanirdeśaḥ,
kālātyayāpadiṣṭa iti lakṣaṇam /
hetorapadeśasya hi sādhyasandehaviśiṣṭaḥ kālaḥ /
yathāhuḥ---
nānupalabdhe na nirṇīte nyāyaḥ pravartate,
api tu sandigdhe iti /
pare 'pyāhuḥ
sandigdhe hetuvacanāt
iti /
yatra ca pratkṣānumānāgamavirodhaḥ,
anuṣṇo 'gnirdravyatvāditi ca aśrāvaṇaḥ śabdo guṇatvāditi ca, śuci naraśiraḥkapālaṃ prāṇyaṅgatvāditi ca, sa sarvaḥ pramāṇato viparītanirṇayena sandehaviśiṣṭaṃ kālamatipatatīti so 'yaṃ kālasyātyayenāpadiśyamānaḥ kālātīta
iti /
tathā codāhṛtaṃ
yattu pratyakṣāgamaviruddhaṃ nyāyābhāsaḥ saḥ /
ityatra vārttikakṛtā bādhāvinābhāvayoḥ sahāsaṃbhava iti cātra bauddhānāmākṣepo 'smābhiḥ samāhitaḥ /
evaṃ vyavasthite bhāṣyakāraḥ sūtraṃ svaparamataśliṣṭaṃ vyācaṣṭe---kālātyayena saṃśayakālātyayena yukto yasya hetorapadiśyamānasyāthaiṅkadeśaḥ /
dharmaviśiṣṭo hi dharmī hetorapadiśyamānasyārthaḥ /
sar hyati hetunā, tasyaikadeśaḥ sādhyadharmaḥ /
sa hi dharmiṇi balabalā pramāṇena tadviparotadharmanirṇayaṃ kurvatā saṃśayakālamatipātitaḥ /
sa tādṛśo hetuḥ kālātyayāpadiṣṭaḥ kālātīta
iti svamatenāsyārthaḥ /
atra ca pūrvamevodāhṛtamiti paunaruktyāt
nodāhṛtam /
paramate ca kālātyayena yukto yasya hetorartharūpa ekadeśo hetuviśeṣaṇamiti yāvat, sa kālātyayāpadiṣṭa
iti yojanā /
paramatenaiva nidarśanamāha---nidarśanamiti /
nityatvaṃ cātrāvasthānamātramabhimatamiti,
na
ghaṭādibhirālokasaṃyogavyaṅgyairvyabhicāraḥ /
tadetat pañcāvayavaṃ vākyamupanyasya saṃyogavyaṅgyatvasya hetorekadeśasya viśeṣaṇasya saṃyogasya vyaktikālātyayena hetvābhāsatāmāha---ayamaheturiti /
sa punarayamasiddhaviśeṣaṇatayā hetvābhāsaḥ sādhyasama eveti na pṛgvācya
iti sthūlatayā eṣa doṣo bhāṣyakāreṇa nodbhāvitaḥ //
yat punaḥ bhadantena kālātītasaya vyākhyānaṃ kṛtaṃ pratijñānantaraṃ hi hetoḥ kālaḥ /
tamatītya hetuḥ paścādapadiśyamānaḥ kālātīto bhavati /
tad yathā, anityaḥ śabdaḥ
ghaṭādivadityukte kasmādityanuyukto hetuṃ brūte kṛtakatvāditi sa kālātīta
iti /
taccaivaṃ tena dūṣitam---kiṃ nirākāṅkṣe vādini eṣa prativādinaḥ praśnaḥ,
āho sākāṅkṣe? yadi nirākāṅkṣe tadā nyūnamevāsya nigrahasthānam, na hetvābhāsastasyāprayogāt /
prayukto hi hetustadābhāso vā syāt
nāprayuktaḥ /
atha sākāṅkṣa eva vādini prativādinaḥ praśnaḥ, tathāpi paścādapyasau hetuḥ prayukto hetureva, na hyasau tadā na svasādhyāvinābhūtaḥ,
apakṣadharmo veti /
tasmāt na kālatīto nāmāsti hetvābhāsa
iti /
tadetad bhadantadūṣaṇam
etadvyākhyānānabhyupagamena pariharati---avayavaviparyāsavacanaṃ tviti /
anabhyupagamahetu pṛcchati---kasmāditi /
uttaram---yasyeti /
arthena sāmarthyena saṃbandho 'rthasaṃbandhaḥ /
api ca paunaruktyādapi nābhyupagamyata
ityāha---avayaveti //
yasyāpadiśyamānasya ityādi punarucyata
ityantaṃ vārttikaṃ bhāṣyavyākhyānenaiva vyākhyātam /
śaṅkate---samīkṛte 'bhidhānāditi /
ayamarthaḥ
naitadaprāptakālena nigrahasathānena punaruktam,
api tu hetvābhāsa eva /
sa hyavayavaviparyāsa ucyate yatraikagranthenaiva vādī pratijñodāharaṇādi prayujya paścāt
hetuṃ prayuṅkte, eṣa tu pratijñodāharaṇe prayujya virataḥ prativādinānuyuktaḥ paścāt
hetuṃ prayuṅkte /
tasmāt
nyūnatādūṣaṇena pakṣe samīkṛte
pakṣamātratāṃ nīte siddhāvasthātaḥ pracyāvite paścādabhidhānāt hetāreṣa kālātīto hetvābhāsaḥ, na punaraprāptakālam /
nigrahasthānamiti cediti /
nirākaroti---keneti /
yadi hetvabhidhānena nyūnatayā samīkṛtaḥ pakṣaḥ kimatrahetorasāmarthyam? na hyanyadoṣeṇānyo yujyata ityarthaḥ /
śaṅkitā brūte---etadasyeti /
nirākaroti---naitaditi /
nyūnatayā nigṛhīto yadi paścādabhidhānena nigrahītavyaḥ tato vādyeva nigṛhyatāṃ na tvayaṃ paścādabhihita iti samarthaḥ śakyo heturnigrahītumiti nāyaṃ samīkṛtābhihitatvenāpi hetvābhāsa
ityarthaḥ /
ubhayanirākaraṇamupasaṃharati---tasmāditi

NyS_1,2.10: vacanavidhāto 'rthavikalpopatyā chalam //
uddeśakramānurodhena lakṣaṇakramasya hetvābhāsānantaraṃ chalasyoddeśāt chalalakṣaṇasyāpi hetvābhāsalakṣaṇānantaryamāha bhāṣyakāraḥ---atha chalam //
vaca---lam

yathā vakturabhimato 'rthaḥ
tato viruddhaḥ arthaḥ tasya kalpaḥ kalpanā, saivopapattiḥ
tayā /
atha lakṣaṇāntara iva chalasya sāmānyalakṣaṇe kasmādudāharaṇaṃ na dīyata ityata āha---na sāmānyalakṣaṇe iti /
sāmānyaviśeṣavat sarvamudāharaṇam, nirviśeṣasya sāmānyasyāsattvena kevalasya sāmānyasyodāharaṇamaśakyamityarthaḥ /
vibhāge tviti /
vibhajyata iti vibhāgo viśeṣalakṣaṇam, tasmin udāharaṇāni

NyS_1,2.11: tat trividhaṃ vākchalaṃ sāmānyacchalamupacāracchalaṃ ca //
chalasāmānyalakṣaṇamabhidhāya tadviśeṣalakṣaṇānyabhidhātuṃ prathamaṃ tāvat
nyūnādhikasaṃkhyāvyavacchedārthaṃ vibhāga lakṣaṇasūtramavattārayati---vibhāgaśceti /
vibhajyate 'neti vibhāgaḥ sūtramucyate /
tat tri---ca

NyS_1,2.12: aviśeṣābhihite 'rthe vakturabhiprāyādarthānatarakalpanā vākchalam //
tatra ca viśeṣalakṣaṇamavatārayati /
teṣāṃ chalānāṃ madhye vākchalaṃ lakṣyate---avi---lam

navaḥ kambalo 'syeti ekatra vigrahaḥ,
nava kambalā asyeti aparatra iti vigrahe viśeṣaḥ /
vākchalamiti śabdārthaṃ vyutpādayati---vāci nimitte chalaṃ vākchalamiti /
navakambala ityubhayatrāpi samānāyāṃ vāci nimittabhūtāyāmityarthaḥ /
tadetacchalaṃ parājayāvasthāyāṃ jalpe prayoktavyamityuktam /
paravākye paryanuyogo 'syeti coktam /
tadatra yathā paryanuyogaḥ, tathā darśayati śiṣyahitatayā bhāṣyakāraḥ---asya pratyavasthānamiti /
ubhayārthapratibhāne saṃbhavatpadārthaparityāgenāsaṃbhavatpadārthakalpanam
ayuktamityarthaḥ //
atha prayoktāpi kathaṃ sādhāraṇena śabdenārthaviśeṣaṃ bodhayati? abodhayaṃśca kathaṃ pratipādako nāma ityata āha---prasiddhaśceti /
saṃbandhasvarūpamāha---abhidhānāmidheyayoryo niyamaḥ, ayameva śabdo 'syaivārthasyeti /
tatra yaḥ puruṣasya niyogaḥ asmādayameva boddhavya
ityevamākāraḥ, kimato yadyevamityata
āha---prayuktapūrvāśceti /
tathāpi kimityata āha---prayogaśceti /
tāmimāṃ bhūmiracanāṃ prakṛte yojayati---tatraivamarthagatyartha iti /
etaduktaṃ bhavati, na saṅketakaraṇāvasthāyāṃ vṛddhavyavahāre vā kaścit śabdaḥ kañcidartha śṛṅgagrāhikayā bodhayati, api tu
sāmānyadvāreṇārthaprakaraṇādisahakārī viśeṣe vartate /
tasmāt naiṣa pratipādayituraparādho yadeṣa viśeṣaśabdairviśeṣaṃ na pratipādayati,
kiṃ tu saṅketasyāparādho yo viśeṣamapahāya sāmānye śabdānāṃ vartate /
tasmād yathāsaṅketaṃ bodhayan nāparādhyaḥ prayokteti siddham /
sāmarthyameva darśayati---yatrārthe kriyā codaneti //
syādetat /
aviśeṣābhihite 'rthe iti na yuktam na hi navakambala iti padaṃ prakaraṇādinirapekṣaṃ kañcidarthamaviśeṣeṇābhidhatte gavādiśabdavat /
na hi saṃkhyāviśeṣe ca navīnatve cāsti kaścit sāmānyaviśeṣo bāhuleyādiṣviva gotvaṃ yamabhidadhītetyata
āha vārttikakāraḥ---sāmānyaśrutīti /
abhihitiḥ abhihitam ūccāraṇamiti
yāvat /
samānaḥ śabdo nārthe sāmānyamityarthaḥ /
aśva iti nāmapadamaśvatvasya vācakam, ākhyātapadaṃ yadā kasyacidabhimukhaṃ prayujyate aśva iti,
tadā vṛddhiṃ gato 'sīti pratīyate /
codayati---aviśeṣeti /
samāno hi śabdo 'bhidheye saṃśayamādhatte na tvarthamabhidhatta ityarthaḥ /
pariharati---na prakaraṇādīn iti /
śveto dhāvatīti itaḥ sārameyo drutataraṃ yāti,
śvitrī prakṣālayatītyarthasandeha ityarthaḥ /
artha
ityasya prayojanamāha---arthagrahaṇamiti /
aviśeṣaśrutau śabde sati arthe arthāntarakalpanā,
na śabda ityarthaḥ /
asya
pratyavasthānamityādi bhāṣyaṃ vyācaṣṭe---tasyeti /
sugamam

NyS_1,2.13: sambhavato 'rthasyātisāmānyayogād asambhūtārthakalpanā sāmānyacchalam //
saṃbhava---lam

saṃbhavato 'rthasya brāhmaṇaviśeṣasya vidyācaraṇasaṃpadviṣayatvena vidyācaraṇasaṃpadamatyeti yat sāmānyaṃ brāhmaṇatvaṃ vrātye brāhmaṇe, tasya brāhmaṇatvasyātisāmānyasya yogādasaṃbhūtārthakalpanayā yaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ
tat sāmānyacchalam /
aho na khalvayaṃ brāhmaṇo vidyācaraṇasaṃpanna iti hi stutyarthaṃ vākyamabhyanujānatoktaṃ saṃbhavati brāhmaṇe vidyācaraṇasaṃpaditi tadetadapi vākyaṃ stutyarthameva, na tvasya brāhmaṇatvāt hetorvidyācaraṇasaṃpad
vivakṣiteti /
tatra paro hetvarthamasyā vivakṣitamāropya vacanaṃ vihantīti tadidaṃ sāmānyacchalam /
viṣayānuvāda
iti /
saṃpadviṣayasya brāhmaṇatvasyānuvāda
ityarthaḥ /
kasya? avivakṣitahetukasya puṃsaḥ /
tadetad vārttikakāro vyācaṣṭe---sāmānyasyeti /
vivakṣitārthamadhigataṃ sāmānyamityarthaḥ /
śeṣaṃ subodham

NyS_1,2.14: dharmavikalpanirdeśe arthasadbhāvapratiṣedhaḥ upacāracchalam //
dharma---lam

śabdasya dharmaḥ prayogaḥ
tasya vikalpo dvaividhyam /
dvividhaḥ prayogaḥ,
pradhāno bhāktaśca /
tatrāpi pradhāna autsargikaḥ, tasya tu kutaścidapavādād
bhākto bhavati /
tadetadāha bhāṣyakāraḥ---abhidhānasya śabdasya yathārthaṃ prayogo dharmaḥ autsargikaḥ /
tat kimayameva? netyāha---vikalpo dvevidhyam /
ko 'sau dvitīya ityata āha---utsargasya tu kutaścidapavādād anyatra dṛṣṭasyānyatra prayogaḥ /
tadevaṃ vyavasthitena dharmavikalpena nirdeśe vākye, nirdiśyate 'neneti vyutpattyā /
tatra bhāktavivakṣāyāṃ mañcāḥ krośantīti, atrārthasadbhāvena pratiṣedhaḥ /
tamevārthasadbhāvamāha---mañcasthāḥ puruṣāḥ krośanti, na tu mañcāḥ krośantīti /
vārttikamate tvarthasadbhāvasyaiva pratiṣedha iti vyākhyeyam /
nanu yadyanyatra dṛṣṭasyānyatra prayogaḥ, hanta sarvaṃ sarvatra prayujyetetyata āha---upacāro nītārthaḥ prāpitārthaḥ /
sahacaraṇādinā nimitteneti, anyatra dṛṣṭasyāpyanyatra prayogaḥ saṃbandhādeva bhavatīti /
nātiprasaṅga ityarthaḥ /
na chandataḥ na chadmanetyarthaḥ /
nanu yadi bhāktatayāpyupapattiḥ,
na kiñcit
jalpākabhāṣitaṃ duṣṭaṃ syāt /
sarvasyaiva yathākathañcid
bhāktatvenopapatterityata āha---pradhānabhūtasyeti /
bhāktasyetyetāvati vaktavye pradhānagrahaṇaṃ siddhatayā dṛṣṭāntalābhāya /
lokasiddha
evopacāraḥ kartavyo nāpūrvo vinā prayojanam,
lokasiddhaścāyamupacāro mañcāḥ krośantītyarthaḥ //
sūtratryākhyānaparaṃ vārttikaṃ dharmavikalpanirdeśaśabdena sūtrasthena /
abhidhānaṃ prayogaḥ śabdasya dharmo bhavan dvidhābhidhīyate dvaividhyamāha---pradhānamiti so 'yam
abhidhānābhidheyavyavahāra iti, abhidhānaṃ śabdaḥ /
abhidheyo gamyaḥ /
sa ca kvacid vācyaḥ,
kvacid bhākta ityarthaḥ

NyS_1,2.15: vākchalam evopacāracchalaṃ tad aviśeṣāt //
parīkṣāparvaṇaḥ sannidhānāt tadarthaṃ lakṣaṇaparvaṇyapi yogyāyai sūtrakāraḥ channalakṣaṇaṃ parīkṣate---vākcha--t

sthānyartho guṇaśabdo yo vastutaḥ sa eva pradhānaśabdaḥ sthānārtha iti kalpayitveti yojanā /
yathā hi vākchavale navīnārtho navaśabdaḥ saṃkhyā bhede kalpitaḥ, tathehāpīti pūrvaḥ pakṣaḥ

NyS_1,2.16: na tadarthāntarabhāvāt //
siddhāntasūtram---na ta--t

tasya upacāracchale arthasadbhāvapratiṣedhasya arthāntarakalpanāto vākchalādityarthaḥ /
sūtra tātparyamāha---vārttikakāraḥ---aviśeṣādityasyeti /
vidheyaṃ vastu, mañcāḥ krośantītyatra krośanaṃ vidhīyate, mañcā iti tvanūdyate /
ata eva
guṇe tvanyārthakalpanā
iti mañcā ityetadapradhānamanūdyatayā bhāktam /
na tu krośantīti
na vidhau paraḥ śabdārthaḥ
iti nyāyāt /
tadiha vidhīyamānaṃ krośanameva vastu pratiṣidhyate, naiva mañcāḥ krośantīti chalavākyena /
navakambalo devadatta iti vākye tu devadattamanūdya navatvaviśiṣṭaḥ kambalo vidhīyate /
tatra na vidheyasya vastunaḥ kambalasya sadbhāvaḥ pratiṣidhyate, kiṃ tu tadekadeśasyānekatāyā iti mahān bheda iti siddhāntaḥ

NyS_1,2.17: aviśeṣe vā kiñcitsādharmyāt ekacchalaprasaṅgaḥ //
avi---ṅgaḥ

kiñcitsādharmyāt tritvābhāve dvitvasyāpyabhyupagatasyābhāva prasaṅgaḥ /
omiti brūvato vastutvena samastabhedocchedaprasaṅgaḥ /
bhāṣyavārttike atirohitārthe

NyS_1,2.18: sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāṃ pratyavasthānaṃ jātiḥ //
uddeśakramānurodhena jātilakṣaṇakramamāha bhāṣyakāraḥ---ataḥ chalalakṣaṇād--ūrdhvam /
sādha--tiḥ

pratīpamavasthānaṃ pratyavasthānam, tathā sati chalasya samyagdūṣaṇasya ca jātitvaprasaṅgaḥ /
ata uktam---sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāmiti /
na ca cchale sādharmyavaidharmye staḥ /
na ca samyagdūṣaṇaṃ sādharmyavaidharmyamātrāt, api tu prayogāditi /
prayukte hetau tadābhāse vā yaḥ prasaṅgo jāyate sa jātiriti /
jalpe hi vedaprāmāṇyaṃ vidvāṃsaṃ prati kuhetunā yadā nāstikairadhikṣipyate, saduttaraṃ cāsya yadā sahasā na pratibhāti tadeśvarāṇāṃ janādhārāṇāṃ mā bhūd vedāprāmāṇyabuddhiriti jātyāpi pratyavastheyam /
anyatheśvaracaritānuvarttinīnāṃ prajānāṃ viplavo bhavediti /
kvacit punarabuddhipūrvameva hetau hetvābhāse vā jātiprayogaḥ saṃbhavati /
jāyamāno 'rthaḥ iti jātipadavyutpattinimitataṃ darśitam /
tadetad vārttikakāro vyācaṣṭe---sādharmyeṇeti /
yathā pakṣe sati pratipakṣaḥ,
evaṃ sthāpanāyāṃ satyāṃ pratyavasthānamiti /
sūtrārthastu yathāśruti, na punarudāharaṇasādharmyeṇa yathābhāṣyaṃ bodhyavyaḥ /
yadyevam, bhāṣyaṃ tarhi kathamityata
āha---udāharaṇārthamiti /
evaṃ vaidharmyeṇa vetyetadapi /
yathāśruti na punaryathābhāṣyam
udāharaṇārthaṃ tadityarthaḥ /
asya vyākhyānasya guṇābhidhānena praśnapūrvakaṃ prapañcamāha---kimarthamidamiti

NyS_1,2.19: vipratipattiḥ apratipattiḥ ca nigrahasthānam //
vipra---nam

sūkṣmaviṣayā pratipattirviparītā /
sthūlaviṣayā ca kutsitā, kathamasau nigrahasthānamityata āha---vipratipadyamāna iti /
apratipattimāha---ārambhaviṣaya iti lāghavāya vipratipattyapratipattī iti vaktavye kasmādasamāsakaraṇamityata āha---asamāsācceti /
vipratipatyapratipattibhyāmānyadapi hetūdāharaṇādhikaṃ nāma jalpe nigrahasthānamasti, tadapi granthādhikyenāvarudhyata ityarthaḥ /
ārambhaviṣaye 'nārambha ityādi bhāṣyam, tad
vyācaṣṭe---svaparārthottarāsaṃvittiriti /
dvedhā khalvārambhaviṣaye 'nārambho bhavati,
dūṣyaṃ vā paroktaṃ sādhanaṃ vipratiṣedhahetuṃ vā na pratipadyate /
seyaṃ parārthottarāsaṃpratipattiḥ uttaragrahaṇaṃ sādhanamapyupalakṣayati /
svārthottarāpratipattisatu sādhanapratiṣedhahetū parakīyau pratipadya tat pratiṣeddhuṃ svakīyamuttaraṃ na pratipadyata
ityarthaḥ /
codayati---svayaṃ prayukte vastutaḥ samarthe sādhane katham
apratipattirvipratipattirveti draṣṭavyam /
pariharati---tadāpīti /
samarthasādhanajñānaṃ sādhanapratipattirna sādhanamātrajñānamityarthaḥ

NyS_1,2.20: tadvikalpāñjātinigrahasthānabahutvam //
sūtrāntaramavatārayituṃ bhāṣyakāra
āha---kiṃ punariti /
yadyapi sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāṃ dṛṣṭāntasyāpi bhedaḥ, tathāpi lakṣaṇābhedābhiprāyeṇābheda
uktaḥ /
tadvi---tvam

nānā kalpa iti svarūpataḥ,
vividha iti prakārataḥ /
yathālakṣaṇamiti yathāsvarūpamityarthaḥ //
adhyāyārthaṃ saṃkṣipyāha vārttikakāraḥ---tantrapratijñeti /
tantrasya śāstrasya pratijñā pramāṇāditattvajñānānniḥśreyasādhigama
iti sūtram /
śāstremeva hi tattvajñānamiti /
saṃsāraḥ
duḥkhajanmapravṛttidoṣamithyājñānāmiti /
tannivṛttiśca saṃvidā uttarottarāpāye tadanantarābhāvād apavarga iti /
tasmāt
yaḥ pramāṇādisūtreṇoddeśaḥ, tatparikaro dvitīyaṃ sūtram, dvābhyāmuddeśaḥ /
śeṣaṃ subodhamiti