Natya Shastra · Chapter 20

iti bhāratīye nāṭyaśāstre sandhinirūpaṇaṃ nāmadhyāya ekonaviṃśaḥ
atha viṃśo 'dhyāyaḥ
samutthānaṃ tu vṛttīnāṃ vyākhyāmyanupūrvaśaḥ /
yathā vastūdbhavaṃ caiva kāvyānāṃ ca vikalpanam

ekārṇavaṃ jagat kṛtvā bhagavānacyuto yadā /
śete sma nāgaparyaṅke lokān saṃkṣipya māyayā

atha vīryabalonmatāvasurau madhukaiaṭabhau /
tarjayāmāsaturdevaṃ tarasā yuddhakāṅkṣayā

nijabāhū vimṛdanantau bhūtabhāvanamakṣayam /
jānubhirmuṣṭibhiścaiva yodhayāmāsatuḥ prabhum

bahubhiḥ paruṣairvākyairanyonyasamabhidravam /
nānādhikṣepavacanaiḥ kampayantāvivodadhim

tayornānāprakārāṇi vacāṃsi vadatostadā /
śrutvā tvabhihatamanā druhiṇo vākyamabravīt

kimidaṃ bharatīvṛttirvāgbhireva pravartate /
uttarottarasaṃbaddhā nanvimau nidhanaṃ nayaḥ

pitāmahavacaḥ śrutvā provāca madhusūdanaḥ /
kāryahetormayā brahman bhāratīyaṃ vinirmitā

vadatāṃ vākyabhūyiṣṭhā bhāratīyaṃ bhaviṣyati /
tasmādetau nihanmyadyetyuvāca vacanaṃ hariḥ

śuddhairavikṛtairaṅgaiḥ sāṅgahāraistathā bhṛśam /
yodhayāmāsaturdaityau yuddhamārgaviśāradau

bhūmisaṃyogasaṃsthānaiḥ padanyāsairharestadā /
atibhāro 'bhavad bhūmerbhāratī tatra nirmitā

valgitaiḥ śārṅgadhanuṣastīvrairdīptatathairatha /
satvādhikairasaṃbhrāntaiḥ sāttvatī tatra nirmitā

vicitrairaṅgahāraistu devo līlāsamanvitaiḥ /
babandha yacchikhāpāśaṃ kaiśikī tatra nirmitā

saṃrambhāvegabahulairnānācārī samutthitaiḥ /
niyuddhakaraṇaiścitrairutpannārabhaṭī tataḥ

yāṃ yāṃ devaḥ samācaṣṭe kriyāṃ vṛttiṣu saṃsthitām /
tāṃ tadarthānugairjapyeairdruhiṇaḥ pratyapūjayat

yadā hatau tāvasurau hariṇā madhukaiṭabhau /
tato 'bravīt padmayonirnārāyaṇamarindamam

aho vicitrairviṣamaiḥ sphuṭaiḥ salalitairapi /
aṅgahāraiḥ kṛtaṃ deva tvayā dānavanāśanam

tasmādayaṃ hi lokasya niyuddhasamayakramaḥ /
sarvaśastravimokṣeṣu nyāyasaṃjño bhaviṣyati

nyāyāśritairaṅgahārairnyāyāccaiva samutthitaiḥ /
yasmādyuddhāni vartante tasmānyāyāḥ prakīrtitāḥ

[cārīṣu ca samutpanno nānācārīsamāśrayaḥ /
nyāyasaṃjñaḥ kṛto hyeṣa druhiṇena mahātmanā

tato vedeṣu nikṣiptā druhiṇena mahātmanā /
punariṣvastrajāte ca nānācārīsamākule

punarnāṭyaprayogeṣu nānābhāvasamnvitāḥ /
vṛttisaṃjñāḥ kṛtā hyetāḥ kāvyabandhasamāśrayāḥ]

caritairyasya devasya japyaṃ yadyādṛśaṃ kṛtam /
ṛṣibhistādṛśī vṛttiaḥ kṛtā pāṭhyādisaṃyutā

nāṭyavedasamutpanā vāgaṅgābhinayātmikā /
mayā kāvyakriayāhetoḥ prakṣiptā druhiṇājñayā

ṛgvedādbhāratī kṣiptā yajurvedācca sāttvatī /
kaiśikī sāmavedācca śeṣā cātharvaṇādapi

yā vākpradhānā puruṣaprayojyā strīvarjitā saṃkṛtapāṭhyayuktā /
svanāmadheyairbharataiḥ prayuktā sā bhāratī nāma bhavettu vṛttiḥ

bhedāstasyāstu vijñeyāścatvāro 'ṅgatvamāgatāḥ /
prarocanāmukhaṃ caiva vīthī prahasanaṃ tathā

jayābhyudayinī caiva maṅgalyā vijayāvahā /
sarvapāpapraśamanī pūrvaraṅge prarocanā

[upakṣepeṇa kāvyasya hetuyuktisamāśrayā /
siddhenāmantraṇā yā tu vijñeyā sā prarocanā]

naṭī vidūṣako vāpi pāripārśvika eva vā /
sūtradhāreṇa sahitāḥ saṃlāpaṃ yattu kurvate

citrairvākyaiḥ svakāryārotthairvītthyaṅgeranyathāpi vā /
āmukhaṃ tattu vijñeyaṃ budhaiḥ prastāvanāpi vā

[lakṣaṇaṃ pūrvamuktaṃ tu vītthyāḥ prahasanasya ca /
āmukhāṅgānyato vakṣye yathāvadanupūrvaśaḥ]

uddhātyakaḥ kathoddhātaḥ prayogātiśayastathā /
pravṛttakāvalagite pañcāṅgānyāmukhasya tu

uddhātyakāvalagitalakṣaṇaṃ kathitaṃ mayā /
śeṣāṇāṃ lakṣaṇaṃ viprā vyākhyāsyāmyānupūrvaśaḥ

sutradhārasya vākyaṃ vā yatra vākyārthameva vā /
gṛhītāṃ praviśetpātraṃ kathoddhātaḥ sa kīrtitaḥ

prayoge tu prayogaṃ tu sūtradhāraḥ prayojayet /
tataśca praviśetpātraṃ prayogātiśayo hi saḥ

kālapravṛttimāśritya varṇanā yā prayujyate /
tadāśrayācca pātrasya praveśastatpravṛttakam

eṣāmanyatamaṃ śliṣṭaṃ yojayitvārthayuktibhiḥ /
[tasmādaṅgadvayasyāpi sambhavo na nivāryate

pātragranthairasaṃbādha prakuryādāmukhaṃ tataḥ /
evametadbudhairjñeyamāmukhaṃ vividhāśrayam

lakṣaṇaṃ pūrvamuktaṃ tu vīthyāḥ prahasanasya ca /
[ityaṣṭārdhavikalpā vṛttiriyaṃ bhāratī mayābhihitā /
sāttvatyāstu vidhānaṃ lakṣaṇayuktyā pravakṣyāmi]

yā sāttvateneha guṇena yuktā nyāyena vṛttena samanvitā ca /
harṣotkaṭā saṃhṛtaśokabhāvā sā sāttvatī nāma bhavettu vṛttiḥ

vāgaṅgābhinayavatī sattvotthānavacanaprakaraṇeṣu /
sattvādhikārayuktā vijñeyā sāttvatī vṛttiḥ

vīrādbhutaraudrarasā nirastaśṛṅgārakaruṇanirvedā /
uddhatapuruṣaprāyā parasparādharṣaṇakṛtā ca

utthāpakaśca parivartakaśca sallāpakaśca saṃghātyaḥ /
catvāro 'syā bhedā vijñeyā nāṭyakovidaiaḥ

ahamapyutthāsyāmi tvaṃ tāvaddarśayātmanaḥ śaktim /
iti saṃgharṣasamutthastajjñairutthāpako jñeyaḥ

utthānasamārabdhānarthānutsṛjya yo 'rthayogavaśāt /
anyānarthān bhajate sa cāpi parivartako jñeyaḥ

[nirdiṣṭavastuviṣayaḥ prapañcabaddhastrihāsyasaṃyuktaḥ /
saṃgharṣaviśeṣakṛtastrividhaḥ parivartako jñeyaḥ]

sādharṣajo nirādharṣajo 'pi vā rāgavacasaṃyuktaḥ /
sādhikṣepālāpo jñeyaḥ sallāpakaḥ so 'pi

[dharmādharmasamutthaṃ yatra bhavedrāgadoṣasaṃyuktam /
sādhikṣepaṃ ca vaco jñeyaḥ saṃlāpako nāma]

mantrarthavākyaśaktyā daivavaśādātmadoṣayogādvā /
saṃghātabhedajananastajjñaiḥ saṃghātyako jñeyaḥ

[bahukapaṭasaṃśrayāṇāṃ paropaghātāśayaprayuktānām /
kūṭānāṃ saṃghāto vijñeyaḥ kūṭasaṃghātyaḥ ]

ityaṣṭārdhavikalpā vṛttiriyaṃ sāttvatī mayābhihitā /
kaiśikyāstvatha lakṣaṇamataḥparaṃ saṃpravakṣyāmi

yā ślakṣṇanaipathyaviśeṣacitrā strīsaṃyutā yā bahunṛttagītā /
kāmopabhogaprabhavopacārā tāṃ kaiśikīṃ vṛttimudāharanti

[bahuvadyanṛttagītā śṛṅgārābhinayacitranaipathyā /
mālyālaṅkārayuktā praśastaveṣā ca kāntā ca

citrapadavākyabandhairalaṅkṛtā hasitaruditaroṣādaiḥ /
strīpuruṣakāmayuktā vijñeyā kaiśikīvṛttiḥ]

narma ca narmasphuñjo narmasphoṭo 'tha narmagarbhaśca /
kaiśikyāścatvāro bhedā hyete samākhyātāḥ

āsthāpitaśṛṅgāraṃ viśuddhakaraṇaṃ nivṛttavīrarasam /
hāsyapravacanabahulaṃ narma trividhaṃ vijānīyāt

īrṣyākrodhaprāyaṃ sopālambhakaraṇānuviddhaṃ ca /
ātmopakṣepakṛtaṃ savipralambhaṃ smṛtaṃ narma

navasaṅgamasambhogo ratisamudayaveṣavākyasaṃyuktaḥ /
jñeyo narmasphuñjo hyavasānabhayātmakaścaiva

vividhānāṃ bhavānāṃ lavairlavairbhūṣito bahuviśeṣaiḥ /
asamagrākṣiptaraso narmasphoṭastu vijñeyaḥ

vijñānarūpaśobhā dhanādibhirnāyako gaṇairyatra /
pracchanāṃ vyavaharte karyavaṣānnarmagarbho 'sau

[pūrvasthitau vipadyeta nāyako yatra cāparastiṣṭhet /
tamapīha narmagarbhaṃ vidyānnāṭyaprayogeṣu ]

ityaṣṭārśavikalpā vṛttiriyaṃ kaiśikī mayābhihitā /
ata ūrdhvamuddhatarasāmarabhaṭiṃ sampravakṣyyami

ārabhaṭaprāyaguṇā tathaiva bahukapaṭavañcanopetā /
dambhānṛtavacanavatī tvārabhaṭī nāma vijñeyā

[āvapātāplulaṅgitāni cchedyāni māyākṛtamindrajālam /
citrāṇī yuddhāni ca yatra nityaṃ tāṃ tādṛśīmārabhaṭīṃ vadanti

śāḍguṇyasamārbdhā haṭhātisandhānavidravopetā /
lābhālābhārthakṛtā vijñeyā vṛttirārabhaṭī

saṃkṣiptakāvapatau vastūtthāpanamathāpi saṃpheṭaḥ /
ete hyasyā bhedā lakṣaṇameṣaṃ pravakṣyāmi

anvarthaśilpayukto bahupustotthānacitranepathyaḥ /
saṃkṣiptavastu viṣayo jñeyaḥ saṃkṣiptakao nāma

bhayaharṣasamutthānaṃ vidravavinipātasambhramācaraṇam /
kṣiprapraveśanirgamamavapātamimaṃ vijānīyāt

sarvarasasamāsakṛtaṃ savidravvvidravāśrayaṃ vvapi /
nāṭyaṃ vibhāvyate yattadvastūtthāpanaṃ jñeyam

saṃrambhasaṃprayukto bahuyuddhakapaṭanirbhedaḥ /
śastrapraharabahulaḥ sampheṭo nāma vijñeyaḥ

evametā budhairjñeyā vṛttayo nāṭyasaṃśrayā /
rasaprayogamāsāṃ ca kīrtyamānaṃ nibodhata

hāsyaśṛṅgarabahulā kaiśikī paricakṣitā /
sattvatī cāpi vijñeyā vīrādbhutaśamāśrayāḥ

raudre bhayānake caiva vijñeyārabhaṭī budhaiḥ /
bībhatse karuṇe caiva bhāratī saṃprakīrtitā

[ na hyekarasajaṃ kavyaṃ kiñcidasti prayogataḥ /
bhāvo vāpi raso vāpi pravṛttirvṛttireva vā

sarveṣāṃ samavetānāṃ yasya rūpaṃ bhavedbahu /
sa mantavyo rasa sthāyi śeṣāḥ sañcāriṇaḥ smṛtāḥ]

vṛtyanta eśo 'bhinayo mayokto vāgaṅgasattvaprabhavo yathāvad /
āhāryamevābhinayaṃ prayoge vakṣyāmi nepathyakṛtaṃ tu bhūyaḥ