Mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāra with Vasubandhu's commentary (with commentary) · Chapter 12

anena nigamanaślokena paryeṣṭimāhātmyaṃ trividhaṃ darśayati | upāyamāhātmyam ugravīryatayā saṃvṛtiparamārthasatyadharmatāparyeṣaṇataś ca tatvaṃ satyam ity arthaḥ |
parārthamāhātmyaṃ pratiśaraṇībhāvāt prajānāṃ | sva-arthamāhātmyaṃ ca guṇaiḥ samudravat prapūrṇatvāt |
mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāre dharmaparyeṣṭyadhikāra ekādaśaḥ
CHAPITRE XII
dvādaśo 'dhikāraḥ
dharmadeśanāyāṃ mātsaryapratiṣedhe ślokaḥ
prāṇān bhogāṃś ca dhīrāḥ pramuditamanasaḥ kṛcchralabdhān asārān satvebhyo duḥkhitebhyaḥ satatam avasṛjanty uccadānaprakāraiḥ |
prāg evodāradharmaṃ hitakaram asakṛt sarvathaiva prajānāṃ kṛcchre naivopalabdhaṃ bhṛśamavasṛjatāṃ vṛddhigaṃ cāvyayaṃ ca

kṛcchralabdhān apy asārān kṣayitvā prāṇān bhogāṃś ca bodhisatvā duḥkhitebhyaḥ kāruṇyāt satatam udārair visargair utsṛjanti prāg eva dharmaṃ yo naiva kṛcchreṇa vā bhṛśam api vāvasṛjatāṃ vṛddhiṃ gachati na kṣayaṃ | dharmanairarthakyasārthakye ślokadvayaṃ |
dharmo naiva ca deśito bhagavatā pratyātmavedyo yata ākṛṣṭā janatā ca yuktayuktivihitair dharmaiḥ svakīṃ dharmatāṃ |
svaśāntyāsyapuṭe viśuddhivipule sādhāraṇe 'thākṣaye lāleneva kṛpātmabhis tvajagaraprakhyaiḥ samāpāditā

tatra buddhā ajagaropamās teṣāṃ svaśāntir āsyapuṭaṃ dharmakāyaḥ | viśuddhivipulaṃ savāsanakleśajñeyāvaraṇaviśuddhitaḥ | sādhāraṇaṃ sarvabuddhaiḥ akṣayam ātyantikatvāt |
tasmān naiva nirarthikā bhavati sā yā bhāvanā yogināṃ tasmān naiva nirarthikā bhavati sā yā deśanā saugatī |
dṛṣṭo 'rthaḥ śrutamātrakād yadi bhavet syād bhāvanāpārthikā aśrutvā yadi bhāvanām anuviśet syād deśanāpārthikā

tasmān na nirarthikā yogināṃ bhāvanā bhavati pratyātmavedyasya dharmasya tadvaśenābhigamāt | na nirarthikā deśanā bhavati yuktivihitair dharmaiḥ svadharmatāyāṃ janatākarṣaṇāt | yathā punarbhāvanā sārthikā bhaved deśanā vā tat ślokārdhena darśayati | śeṣaṃ gatārthaṃ | deśanāvibhāge ślokaḥ |
āgamato adhigamato vibhutvato deśanāgrasatvānāṃ |
mukhato rūpāt sarvākāśād uccaraṇatā 'pi............

tatra vibhutvato yā mahābhūmipraviṣṭānāṃ | sarvato rūpādyā vṛkṣavāditrādibhyo 'pi niścarati | śeṣaṃ gatārthaṃ | deśanāsaṃpattau ślokadvayaṃ |
viṣadā saṃdehajahā ādeyā tatvadarśikā dvividhā |
saṃpannadeśaneyaṃ vijñeyaṃyā bodhisatvānāṃ

ayaṃ catuṣkārthanirdeśena ślokaḥ | yad uktaṃ brahmaparipṛcchāyāṃ | caturbhir dharmaiḥ samanvāgatā bodhisatvā mahādharmadānaṃ vitaranti saddharmaparigrahaṇatayā ātmanaḥ prajñottāpanatayā satpuruṣakarmakaraṇatayā saṃkleśavyavadānasaṃdeśanatayā ca | ekena hi bāhuśrutyād viṣadā deśanā bhavati | dvitīyena mahāprājñatvāt saṃśayajahā pareṣāṃ saṃśayacchedāt | tṛtīyenānavadyakarmatvād ādeyā | caturthena tatvadarśikā dvividhā saṃkleśalakṣaṇasya ca tatvasya vyavadānalakṣaṇasya ca dvābhyāṃ dvābhyāṃ satyābhyāṃ |
madhurā madavyapetā na ca khinnā deśanāgrasatvānāṃ |
sphuṭacitrayuktagamikā nirāmiṣā sarvagā caiva

asmin dvitīye śloke madhurā pareṇākṣiptasyāparuṣavacanāt | madavyapetā stutau siddhau vā madānanugamanāt | akhinnā akilāsikatvāt | sphuṭā nirācāryamuṣṭitvāt kṛtsnadeśanataḥ | citrā apunaruktatvāt | yuktā pramāṇāviruddhavāt | gamikā pratītapadavyañjanatvāt nirāmiṣā prasannādhikārānadhikatvāt | sarvatragā yānatrayagatatvāt | vāksaṃpattau ślokaḥ |
adīnā madhurā sūktā pratītā viṣadā tathā vāg jinātmaje |
yathārhā nirāmiṣā ca parimitākṣayā tathā

adīnā paurī parṣanpūraṇāt | madhurā valguḥ | sūktā vispaṣṭā suniruktākṣaratvāt | pratītā vijñeyā pratītābhidhānatvāt | yathārhā śravaṇīyā vineyānurūpatvāt | anāmiṣā aniḥśritalābhasatkārā loke | pratatā apratikūlā | parimitā āyāmakhedāt | viṣadā aparyāttā | vyañjanasaṃpattau ślokadvayaṃ |
uddeśān nirdeśāt tathaiva yānānulomanāt ślākṣṇyāt |
prātītyād yāthārhān nairyāṇyād ānukūlyatvāt

yuktaiḥ padavyañjanair uddeśāt pramāṇāvirodhena | sahitair nirdeśād uddeśāvirodhena | yānānulomanād ānulomikair yānatrayāvirodhena | ślākṣṇyād anucchavikair akaṣṭaśabdatayā | prātītyād aupayikaiḥ pratītārthatayā cārthopagamanāt | yāthārhāt pratirūpair vineyānurūpatayā | nairyāṇyāt pradakṣiṇair nirvāṇādhikāratayā | ānukūlyān nipakasyāṅgasaṃbhāraiḥ śaikṣasyāryāṣṭāṅgamārgānukūlyāt |
vyañjanasaṃpac caiṣā vijñeyā sarvathāgrasatvānāṃ |
ṣaṣṭyaṅgī sācintyā ghoṣo 'nantas tu sugatānāṃ

ṣaṣṭyaṅgī sācintyā yā guhyakādhipatinirdeśe buddhasya ṣaṣṭyākārā vāg nirdiṣṭā | punar aparaṃ śāntamate tathāgatasya ṣaṣṭyākāropetā vāg niścarati snigdhā ca mṛdukā ca manojñā ca manoramā ca śuddhā ceti vistaraḥ | tatra ( Msa 80 ) snigdhā satvadhātukuśalamūlopastambhikatvāt | mṛdukā duṣṭa eva dharme sukhasaṃsparśatvāt | manojñā svarthatvāt | manoramā suvyañjanatvāt | śuddhā niruttaralokottarapṛṣṭhalabdhatvāt | vimalā sarvakleśānuśayavāsanāvisaṃyuktatvāt | prabhāsvarā pratītapadavyañjanatvāt | valguḥ sarvatīrthyakumatidṛṣṭivighātabalaguṇayuktatvāt | śravaṇīyā pratipattinairyāṇikatvāt | anantā sarvaparapravādibhir anāchedyatvāt | kalā rañjikatvāt | vinītā rāgādipratipakṣatvāt | akarkaśā śikṣāprajñaptisukhopāyatvāt | aparuṣā tadvyatikramasaṃpanniḥsaraṇopadeśakatvāt | suvinītā yānatrayanayopadeśikatvāt | karṇasukhā vikṣepapratipakṣatvāt | kāyaprahlādanakarī samādhyāvāhakatvāt | cittāudvilyakarī vipaśyanāprāmodyāvāhaphalakatvāt | hṛdayasaṃtuṣṭikarī saṃśayacchedikatvāt | prītisukhasaṃjananī mithyāniścayāpakarṣikatvāt | niḥparidāhā pratipattāvavipratisāratvāt | ājñeyā saṃpannaśrutamayajñānāśrayatvāt | vijñeyā saṃpannacintāmayajñānāśrayatvāt |
viṣpaṣṭā anācāryamuṣṭidharmavihitatvāt | premaṇīyā 'nuprāptasvaka-arthānāṃ premakaratvāt | abhinandanīyā 'nanuprāptasvakārthānāṃ spṛhaṇīyatvāt | ājñāpanīyā acintyadharmasamyagdarśikatvāt | vijñāpanīyā 'cintyadharmasamyagdeśikatvāt | yuktā pramāṇāviruddhatvāt | sahitā yathārhavineyadeśikatvāt | punaruktadoṣajahā avandhyatvāt | siṃhasvaravegā sarvatīrthyasaṃtrāsakatvāt | nāgasvaraśabdā udāratvāt | meghasvaraghoṣā gambhīratvāt | nāgendrarutā ādeyatvāt | kinnarasaṃgītighoṣā madhuratvāt | kalaviṅkasvararutaravitā 'bhīkṣṇabhaṅgaratvāt | brahmasvararutaravitā dūraṃgamatvāt | jīvaṃjīvakasvararutaravitā sarvasiddhipūrvaṃgamanaṅgalatvāt | devendramadhuranirghoṣā anatikramaṇīyatvāt | dundubhisvarā sarvamārapratyarthikavijayapūrvaṃgamatvāt | anunnatā stutyasaṃkliṣṭatvāt | anavanatā nindā'saṃkliṣṭatvāt | sarvaśabdānupraviṣṭā sarvavyākaraṇasarvākāralakṣaṇānupraviṣṭatvāt | apaśabdavigatā smṛtisaṃpramoṣe tadaniścaraṇatvāt | avikalā vineyakṛtyasarvakālapratyupasthitatvāt | alīnā lābhasatkārāniśritatvāt | adīnā sāvadyāpagatatvāt | pramuditā akheditvāt | prasṛtā sarvavidyāsthānakauśalyānugatatvāt | akhilā satvānāṃ tatsakalārthasaṃpādakatvāt | saritā prabandhānupacchinnatvāt | lalitā vicitrākārapratyupasthānatvāt | sarvasvarapūraṇī ekasvaranaikaśabdavijñaptipratyupasthāpanatvāt | sarvasatvendriyasaṃtoṣaṇī ekānekārthavijñaptipratyupasthānatvāt | aninditā yathāpratijñatvāt | acañcalā āgamitakālaprayuktatvāt | acapalā atvaramāṇavihitatvāt | sarvaparṣadanuravitā dūrāntikaparṣattulyaśravaṇatvāt | ( Msa 81 ) sarvākāravaropeto sarvalaukikārthadṛṣṭāntadharmapariṇāmikatvāt | deśanāmāhātmye catvāraḥ ślokāḥ |
vācā padaiḥ suyuktair anudeśavibhāgasaṃśayacchedaiḥ |
bahulīkārānugatā hy uddhaṭitavipañcitajñeṣu

ākhyāti vācā | prajñāpayati padaiḥ suyuktaiḥ | prasthāpayati vibhājayati vivṛṇoti yathākramamuddeśavibhāgasaṃśayacchedaiḥ | uttānīkaroti uttānīkaraṇaṃ bahulīkārānugatā deśanā niścayabalādhānarthaṃ | deśayaty udghaṭitajñeṣu | saṃprakāśayati vipañcitajñeṣu |
śuddhā trimaṇḍalena hiteyaṃ deśanā hi buddhānāṃ |
doṣair vivarjitā punar aṣṭabhir eṣaiva vijñeyā

śuddhā trimaṇḍaleneti | yena ca deśayati vācā padaiś ca | yathā coddeśādiprakāraiḥ | yeṣu codghaṭitavipañcitajñeṣu | eṣaiva ca deśanā punar aṣṭadoṣavivarjitā veditavyā yathākramaṃ |
kauśīdyam anavabodho hy avakāśasyākṛtir hy anītatvam |
saṃdehasyācchedas tadvigamasyādṛḍhīkaraṇam

te punar aṣṭau doṣāḥ kauśīdyam anavasaṃbodhaḥ avakāśasyākaraṇaṃ anītārthatvaṃ saṃdehasyācchedanā tadvigamasyādṛḍhīkaraṇaṃ niścayasyety arthaḥ |
khedo 'tha matsaritvaṃ doṣā hy ete matā kathāyāṃ hi |
tadabhāvād buddhānāṃ niruttarā deśanā bhavati

khedo yenābhīkṣṇaṃ na deśayet | matsaritvaṃ cākṛtsnaprakāśantā | arthasaṃpattau ślokadvayaṃ |
kalyāṇo dharmo 'yaṃ hetutvād bhaktituṣṭibuddhīnāṃ |
dvividhārthaḥ sugrāhyaś caturguṇabrahmacaryavadaḥ

parair asādhāraṇayogakevalaṃ tridhātukakleśavihānipūrakam |
svabhāvaśuddhaṃ malaśuddhitaś ca tac caturguṇabrahmavicaryam iṣyate

caturguṇabrahmacaryasaṃprakāśako dharmaḥ | ādimadhyaparyavasānakalyāṇo yathākramaṃ śrutacintābhāvanābhir bhaktituṣṭibuddhihetutvāt | tatra bhaktir adhimuktiḥ saṃpratyayaḥ tuṣṭiḥ prāmodyaṃ yuktinidhyānāc chakyaprāptitāṃ viditvā | buddhiḥ samāhitacittasya yathābhūtajñānaṃ | dvividhārtha ityataḥ svarthaḥ saṃvṛttiparamārthasatyayogāt | sugrāhya ityataḥ suvyañjanaḥ pratītapadavyañjanatvāt | caturguṇaṃ brahmacaryaṃ | kevalaṃ parair asādhāraṇatvāt paripūrṇaṃ tridhātukleśaprahāṇaparipūraṇāt | pariśuddhaṃ svabhāvaviśuddhito 'nāsravatvāt | paryavadātaṃ malaviśuddhitaḥ saṃtānaviśuddhyā kṣīṇāsravāṇāṃ | abhisaṃdhivibhāge ślokadvayaṃ |
avatāraṇasaṃdhiś ca saṃdhir lakṣaṇato 'paraḥ |
pratipakṣābhisaṃdhiś ca saṃdhiḥ pariṇatāv api

śrāvakeṣu svabhāveṣu doṣāṇāṃ vinaye tathā |
abhidhānasya gāmbhīrye saṃdhir eṣa caturvidhaḥ

asāre sāramatayo viparyāse ca susthitāḥ |
kleśena ca susaṃkliṣṭā labhante bodhimuktamāṃ || AMsa_12.17* || || iti ||
caturvidho 'bhisaṃdhirdeśanāyāṃ buddhasya veditavyaḥ | avatāraṇābhisaṃdhir lakṣaṇābhisaṃdhiḥ pratipakṣābhisaṃdhiḥ pariṇāmana-abhisaṃdhiśca | tatrāvatāraṇābhisaṃdhiḥ śrāvakeṣu draṣṭavyaḥ | śāsanāvatāraṇārtham anuttrāsāya rūpādyastitvadeśanāt | lakṣaṇābhisaṃdhis triṣu parikalpitādisv abhāveṣu draṣṭavyo niḥsvabhāvānutpannādisarvadharmadeśanāt | pratipakṣābhisaṃdhir doṣāṇāṃ vinaye draṣṭavyo yathāṣṭāvaraṇapratipakṣāgrayānasaṃbhāṣānuśaṃse gāthādvayaṃ vakṣyati | pariṇāmanābhisaṃdhir abhidhānagāmbhīrye draṣṭavyo yathāha |
asāre sāratayo viparyāseca sukhitāḥ |
kleśena ca susaṃkliṣṭā labhante bodhim uttamāṃ || iti
ayam atrābhisaṃdhiḥ | asāre sāramataya ity avikṣepe yeṣāṃ sārabuddhiḥ pradhānabuddhirvikṣepo hi visāraś cetasaḥ | viparyāse ca susthitā iti nityasukhaśucyātmagrāhaviparyayeṇānityādike viparyāse susthitā aparihāṇitaḥ | kleśena ca sa saṃkliṣṭā iti dīrghaduṣkaravyāyām aśrameṇātyarthaṃ parikliṣṭāḥ | abhiprāyavibhāge ślokaḥ |
samatā 'rthāntare jñeyas tathā kālāntare punaḥ |
pudgalasyāśaye caiva abhiprāyaś caturvidhaḥ

caturvidho 'bhiprāyaḥ | satatābhiprāyo yad āha | aham eva sa tasmin samaye vipaśvī samyaksaṃbuddho 'bhūvam ity aviśiṣṭadharmakāyatvāt | arthāntarābhiprāyo yad āha | niḥsvabhāvāḥ sarvadharmā anutpannā ity evam ādi ayathārutārthatvāt kālāntarābhiprāyo yadāha | ye sukhāvatyāṃ prāṇidhānaṃ kariṣyanti te tatropapatsyanta iti kālāntareṇety abhiprāyaḥ | pudgalāśayābhiprāyo yat tad eva kuśalamūlaṃ kasyacit praśaṃsate kasyacid vigarhate 'lpamātrasaṃtuṣṭasya vaipulyasaṃgrahāt mahāyānasūtrāntasānuśaṃsaṃ gāthādvayam upādāyāha |
buddhe dharme 'vajñā kauśīdyaṃ tuṣṭir alpamātreṇa |
rāge māne caritaṃ kaukṛtaṃ cāniyatabhedaḥ

satvānām āvaraṇaṃ tatpratipakṣo 'grayān asaṃbhāṣā |
sarvāntarāyadoṣaprahāṇam eṣāṃ tato bhavati

yo granthato 'rthato vā gāthādvayadhāraṇe prayujyeta |
sa hi daśavidhamanuśaṃsaṃ labhate satvottamo dhīmān

kṛtsnāṃ ca dhātupuṣṭiṃ prāmodyaṃ cottamaṃ maraṇakāle |
janma ca yathābhikāmaṃ jātismaratāṃ ca sarvatra

buddhaiś ca samavadhānaṃ tebhyaḥ śravaṇaṃ tathāgrayān asya |
adhimuktiṃ saha buddhyā dvayamukhatām āśubodhiṃ ca

buddhe dharme 'vajñeti pañca gāthāḥ | tatrāniyatabhedo bodhisatvānām aniyatānāṃ mahāyānadbhedaḥ | agrayān asaṃbhāṣā yā mahāyānadeśanā | buddhe 'vajñāvaraṇasya pratipakṣasaṃbhāṣā | aham eva sa tena kālena vipaśvī samyaksaṃbuddho 'bhūvam iti | dharme 'vajñāvaraṇasya pratipakṣasaṃbhāṣā | iyato gaṃgānadīvālikāsamānabuddhān paryupāsya mahāyāne 'vabodha utpadyata iti | kauśīdyāvaraṇasya pratipakṣasaṃbhāṣā | ye sukhāvatyāṃ praṇidhānaṃ kariṣyanti te tatropapatsyanta iti | vimalacandraprabhasya ca tathāgatasya nāmadheyagrahaṇamātreṇa niyato bhavaty unattarāyāṃ samyaksaṃbodhāv iti | alpamātrasaṃtuṣṭyāvarasya pratipakṣasaṃbhāṣā | yatra bhagavān kvacid dānādi vivarṇayati anyatra varṇitavān | rāgacaritasya cāvaraṇasya pratipakṣasaṃbhāṣā | yatra bhagavān buddhakṣetravibhūtiṃ varṇayati | mānacaritasyāvaraṇasya pratipakṣasaṃbhāṣā | yatra bhagavān kasyacid buddhasyādhikāṃ saṃpattiṃ varṇayati | kaukṛtyāvaraṇasya ( Msa 84 ) pratipakṣasaṃbhāṣā | ye buddhabodhisatveṣv akāraṃ kariṣyanti te sarve svargopagā bhaviṣyantīti | aniyatabhedasyāvaraṇasya pratipakṣasaṃbhāṣā | mahāśrāvakāṇāṃ buddhatve vyākaraṇadeśanā ekayānadeśanā ca | kṛtsnadhātupuṣṭiḥ sarvamahāyānādhiṣṭhānāya dhātupuṣṭis tadāvaraṇavigamāt sarvatra mahāyāne 'dhimuktilābhataḥ | dvayamukhatā samādhimukhatā dhāraṇīmukhatā ca | dṛṣṭe dharme dvividho 'nuśaṃsaḥ sāṃparāyike 'ṣṭavidhaḥ krameṇottarāuttaraviśeṣalābhād veditavyaḥ | deśanānuśaṃse ślokaḥ |
iti sugatirakhedavān kṛpāluḥ prathitayaśāḥ suvidhijñatām upetaḥ |
bhavati sukathiko hi bodhisatvas tapati jane kathitair yathaiva sūryaḥ