Chandogya Upanishad (with commentary) · Chapter 1.2

ChUpBh_1,1.10 tatrākṣaravijñānavataḥ karma kartavyamiti sthitamābhipati-tenābhareṇobhau yaścaitadakṣaramevaṃ vyākhyātaṃ veda yaśca karmamātravidakṣarayāthātmyaṃ na veda tāvubhau kurutaḥ karma /
tayośca karmasāmarthyādeva phalaṃ syātkiṃ tatrākṣarayāthātmyavijñāneneti /
dṛṣṭaṃ hi loke harītakīṃ bhakṣayatostadrasābhijñetarayorvirecanam /
naivam /
yasmānnānā tu vidyā cāvidyā ca bhinne hi vidyāvidye /
tuśabdaḥ pakṣavyāvṛttyarthaḥ /
noṅkārasya karmāṅgatvamātravijñānameva rasatamāptisamṛddhiguṇavadvijñānaṃ kiṃ tarhi tato 'bhyadhikam /
tasmāttadaṅgādhikyātphalādhikyaṃ yuktamityabhiprāyaḥ /
dṛṣṭaṃ hi loke vaṇikśabarayoḥ padmarāgādimaṇivikraye vaṇijo vijñānādhikyātphalādhikyam /
tasmādyadeva vidyayā vijñānena yuktaḥ sankaroti karmaśraddhayā śraddadhānaśca sannupaniṣadā yogena yuktaścetyarthaḥ /
tadeva karma vīryavattaramavidvatkarmaṇo 'dhikaphalaṃ bhavatīti /
vidvatkarmaṇo vīryavattara[tvaṭavacanādaviduṣo 'pi karma vāryadeva bhavatītyabhiprāyaḥ /
na cāviduṣaḥ karmaṇyanadhikāraḥ /
auṣastye kāṇḍe 'viduṣāmapyārvijyadarśanāt /
rasatamāptisamṛddhiguṇavadakṣaramityekamupāsanam /
madhye prayatnāntarādarśanāt /
anekairhi viśeṣaṇairanekadhopāsyatvātkhalvetasyaiva prakṛtasyodgīthākhyasyākṣarasyopavyākhyānaṃ bhavati //10//
iti chāndogyopaniṣacchāṅkarabhāṣye prathamādhyāyasya prathama khaṇḍaḥ
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devāsurā ha vai yatra saṃyetire |
ubhaye prājāpatyās tad dha devā udgītham ājahrur anenainān abhibhaviṣyāma iti

ChUpBh_1,2.1 devāsurā devāścāsurāśca /
devā dīvyaterdyetanārthasya śāstrodbhāsitā indriyavṛttayaḥ /
aśirāstadvirītāḥ sveṣvevāsuṣu viṣvagviṣayāsu prāṇanakriyāsu ramaṇātsvābhāvikyastama ātmikā indriyavṛttaya eva /
ha vā iti pūrvavṛttodbhāsakau nipātau /
yatra yasminnimitta itaretaraviṣayāpahāralakṣaṇe saṃyetire /
sampūrvasya yatateḥ saṃgrāmārthatvamiti saṃgrāmaṃ kṛtavanta utyarthaḥ /
śāsrīyaprakāśavṛttayabhibhavanāya pravṛttāḥ svābhāvikyastamorūpā indriyavṛttayo 'surāḥ /
tathā tadviparītāḥ śāsrārthaviṣayavivekajyotirātmāno devā svābhāvikatamorūpāsurābhibhavanāya pravṛttā ityanyonyābhibhavodbhavarūpaḥ saṃgrāma iva sarvaprāṇiṣu pratidehaṃ devāsurasaṅgrāmo 'nādikālapravṛtta ityabhiprāyaḥ /
sa ihaśrutyā'khyāyikārūpeṇa dharmādharmotpattivivekavijñānāya kathyate prāṇaviśuddhivijñānavidhiparatayā /
ata ubhaye 'pi devāsurāḥ prajāpaterapatyānīti prājāpatyāḥ /
prajāpatiḥ karmajñānādhikṛtaḥ puruṣaḥ /
"puruṣa evokthamayameva mahānprajāpatiḥ"iti śrutyantarāt /
tasya hi śāsrīyāḥ svābhāvikyaśca karaṇavṛttayo viruddhā apatyānīva tadudbhavatvāt /
tattatrotkarṣāpakarṣalakṣaṇanimitte ha devā udgīthabhaktyupalakṣitamaudgātraṃ karmā'jahrurāhṛtavantaḥ /
tasyāpi kevalasyā'haraṇāsambhavājjotiṣṭomādyāhṛtavanta ityabhiprāyaḥ /
tatkimarthamājahrurityucyate anena karmaṇainānasurānabhibhaviṣyāma ityevamabhiprāyāḥ santaḥ //1 //
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te ha nāsikyaṃ prāṇam udgītham upāsāṃ cakrire |
taṃ ha asurāḥ pāpmanā vividhuḥ |
tasmāt tenobhayaṃ jighrati surabhi ca durgandhi ca |
pāpmanā hy eṣa viddhaḥ

ChUpBh_1,2.2 yadā ca tadudgīthaṃ karmā'jihīrṣavastadā-te ha devā nāsikyaṃ nāsikāyāṃ bhavaṃ cetanāvantaṃ ghrāṇaṃ prāṇamudgīthakartāramudgīthabhaktyopāsāṃcakrirejhrupāsanaṇṭakṛtavanta ityarthaḥ /
nāsikyaprāṇamadṛṣṭyodgīthākhyamakṣaramoṅkāramupāsāṃcakrira ityarthaḥ /
evaṃ hi prakṛtārthaparityāgo 'prakṛtārthopādānaṃ ca na kṛtaṃ syāt /
khalvetasyaivākṣarasyetyoṅkāramupāsāṃcakrira ityarthaḥ /
evaṃ hi prakṛtārthaparityāgo 'prakṛtārthopādānaṃ ca na kṛtaṃ syāt /
khalvetasyaivākṣarasyetyoṅkāro hyāpāsyatayā prakṛtaḥ /
nanūdgīthopalakṣitaṃ karmā'hṛtavanta ityavoca idānīmeva;kathaṃ nāsikyaprāṇadṛṣṭyoṅkāramupāsāṃcakrira ityāttha /
naiṣa doṣaḥ /
udgīthakarmaṇyeva hi tatkartṛprāṇadevatādṛṣṭyodgīthabhaktyavayavaścoṅkāra upāsyatvena vivakṣito na svatantro 'tastādarthyena karmā'hṛtavanta iti yuktamevoktam /
tamevaṃ devairvṛtamudgātāraṃ hāsurāḥ svābhāvikatama ātmāno jyotīrūpaṃ nāsikyaṃ prāṇaṃ devaṃ svotthena pāpmanādharmāsaṅgarūpeṇa vividhurviddhavantaḥ saṃsarga kṛtavanta ityarthaḥ /
sa hi nāsikyaḥ prāṇaḥ kalyāṇagandhagrahaṇābhimānāsaṅgābhibhūtavivekavijñāno babhūva /
sa tena doṣeṇa pāpmasaṃsargī babhūva /
tadidamuktamasurāḥ pāpmanā vividhuriti /
yasmādāsureṇa pāpmanā viddhastasmāttena pāpmanā prerito ghrāṇaḥ prāṇo durgandhigrāhakaḥ prāṇinām /
atastenobhayaṃ jighrati lokaḥ surabhi ca durgandhi ca /
pāpmanā hyeṣa yasmādviddhaḥ /
ubhayagrahaṇamavivakṣitam /
yasyobhayaṃ havirārtimārchatīti yadvat /
yadevedamapratirūpaṃ jighratīti samānaprakaraṇaśruteḥ //2 //
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atha ha vācam udgītham upāsāṃ cakrire |
tāṃ hāsurāḥ pāpmanā vividhuḥ |
tasmāt tayobhayaṃ vadati satyaṃ cānṛtaṃ ca |
pāpmanā hy eṣā viddhā

atha ha cakṣur udgītham upāsāṃ cakrire |
tad dhāsurāḥ pāpmanā vividhuḥ |
tasmāt tenobhayaṃ paśyati darśanīyaṃ cādarśanīyaṃ ca |
pāpmanā hy etad viddham

atha ha śrotram udgītham upāsāṃ cakrire |
tad dhāsurāḥ pāpmanā vividhuḥ |
tasmāt tenobhayaṃ śṛṇoti śravaṇīyaṃ cāśravaṇīyaṃ ca |
pāpmanā hy etad viddham

atha ha mana udgītham upāsāṃ cakrire |
tad dhāsurāḥ pāpmanā vividhuḥ |
tasmāt tenobhayaṃ saṃkalpayate saṃkalpanīyaṃ ca |
pāpmanā hy etad viddham

ChUpBh_1,2.3-6 mukhyaprāṇasyopāsyatvāya tadviśuddhatvānubhavārtho 'yaṃ vicāraḥ śrutyā pravartitaḥ /
ataścakṣurādidevatāḥ krameṇa vicāryā'sureṇa pāpmanā viddhā ityapohyante /
samānamanyat, atha ha vācaṃ cakṣuḥ śrotraṃ mana ityādi /
anuktā apyanyāstvagrasamādidevatā draṣṭavyāḥ /
"evamu khalvetā devatāḥ pāpmabhiḥ" iti śrutyantarāt //3-6 //
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atha ha ya evāyaṃ mukhyaḥ prāṇas tam udgītham upāsāṃ cakrire |
taṃ hāsurā ṛtvā vidadhvaṃsur yathāśmānam ākhaṇam ṛtvā vidhvaṃsetaivam

ChUpBh_1,2.7 āsureṇa viddhatvādghrāṇādidevatā apohyāthānantaraṃ ya evāyaṃ prasiddho mukhe bhavo mukhyaḥ prāṇastamudgīthamupāsāñcakrire taṃ hāsurāḥ pūrvavadṛtvā prāpya vidadhvaṃsurvinaṣṭā abhiprāyamātreṇa /
akṛtvā kiñcidapi prāṇasya /
kathaṃ vinaṣṭā ityatra dṛṣṭāntamāha-yathā loke 'śmānamākhaṇaṃ na śakyate khanituṃ kuddālādibhirapi bhettuṃ na śakyo 'khaṇa evā'khaṇastamṛtvā sāmarthyālloṣṭaḥ pāṃsupiṇḍaḥ kṣutyantarāccāśmani kṣipto 'śmabhedanābhiprāyeṇa tasyāśmanaḥ kiñcidapyakṛtvā svayaṃ vidhvaṃseta vidīryetaivaṃ vidadhvaṃsurityarthaḥ //7 //
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evaṃ yathāśmānam ākhaṇam ṛtvā vidhvaṃsata evaṃ haiva sa vidhvaṃsate ya evaṃvidi pāpaṃ kāmayate yaś cainam abhidāsati |
sa eṣo 'śmākhaṇaḥ

ChUpBh_1,2.8 evaṃ viśuddho 'surairadharṣitatvātprāṇa iti evaṃvidaḥ prāṇātmabhūtasyedaṃ phalamāha-yathāśmānamiti /
eṣa eva dṛṣṭāntaḥ /
evaṃ haiva sa vidhvaṃsate vinaśyati /
ko 'sāvityāha-ya evaṃvidi yathoktaprāṇavidi pāpaṃ tadanarhaṃ kartu kāmayata icchati yaścāpyenamabhidāsati hinasti prāṇavidaṃ pratyākrośatāḍanādi prayuṅkte so 'pyevameva vidhvaṃsata ityarthaḥ /
yasmātsa eṣa prāṇavitprāṇabhūtatvādaśmākhaṇa ivāśmākhaṇo 'dharṣaṇīya ityarthaḥ /
nanu nāsikyo 'pi prāṇo vāyvātmā yathā mukhyastatra nāsikyaḥ prāṇaḥ pāpmanā viddhaḥ prāṇa eva sanna mukhyaḥ katham /
naiṣa doṣaḥ /
nāsikyastu sthānakaraṇavaiguṇyādviddho vāyvātmāpi sanmukhyaḥ sthānadevatābalīyastvānna viddha iti yuktam /
yathā vāsyādayaḥ śikṣāvatpuruṣāśrayāḥ kāryaviśeṣaṃ kurvanti nānyahastagatāstadvaddoṣavadghrāṇasacivatvādviddhā ghrāṇadevatā na mukhyaḥ //8 //
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naivaitena surabhi na durgandhi vijānāti |
apahatapāpmā hy eṣaḥ |
tena yad aśnāti yat pibati tenetarān prāṇān avati |
etam u evāntato 'vittvotkrāmati |
vyādadāty evāntata iti

ChUpBh_1,2.9 yasmānna viddho 'surairmukhyastasmānnaivaitena surabhi durgandhi vā vijānāti ghrāṇenaiva tadubhayaṃ vijānāti lokaḥ /
ataśca pāpmakāryādarśanādapahatapāpmāpahato vināśito 'panītaḥ pāpmā yasmātso 'yamapahatapāpmā hyeṣa viśuddha ityarthaḥ /
yasmāccā'tmambharayaḥ kalyāṇādyāsaṅgavattvādghrāṇādayo na tathā'tmambharirmukhyaḥ kiṃ tarhi sarvārthaḥ /
kathamiti, ucyate-tena mukhyena yadaśnāti yatpibati lokastenāśitena pītena cotarānghrāṇādīnavati pālayati /
tena hi teṣāṃ sthitirbhavatītyarthaḥ /
ataḥ sarvambharaḥ prāṇo 'to viśuddhaḥ /
kathaṃ punarmukhyāśitapītābhyāṃ sthitireṣāṃ gamyata iti, ucyate-etaṃ (tamu eva) mukhyaṃ prāṇaṃ mukhyaprāṇasya vṛttimannapāne ityarthaḥ /
antato 'nte maraṇakāle 'vittvālabdhvot-krāmati /
ghrāṇādiprāṇasamudāya ityarthaḥ /
aprāṇo hi na śaknotyaśituṃ pātuṃ vā /
tena tadotkrāntiḥ prasiddhā ghrāṇādikalāpasya /
dṛśyate hyutkrāntau prāṇasyāśiśiṣā /
ato vyādadātyevā'syavidāraṇaṃ karotītyarthaḥ /
taddhyannālābha utkrāntasya liṅgam //9 //
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taṃ hāṅgirā udgītham upāsāṃ cakre |
etam u evāṅgirasaṃ manyante 'ṅgānāṃ yad rasaḥ

ChUpBh_1,2.10 taṃ hāṅgirāstaṃ mukhyaṃ prāṇaṃ hāṅgirā ityevaṅguṇamudgīthamuyāsāñcakre baka ityeva sambandhaṃ kṛtavantaḥ kecit /
etamu evā'ṅgirasaṃ bṛhaspatimayāsyaṃ prāṇaṃ manyanta iti canāt /
bhavatyevaṃ yathāśrutāsambhave, sambhavati tu yathāśrutamṛṣicodanāyāmapi śrutyantaravat /
tasmācchatarcina ityācakṣata etameva santamṛṣimapi /
tathā mādhyamā gṛtsamado viśvāmitro vāmadevo 'trirityādi ṛṣīneva prāṇamāpādayati śrutiḥ /
tathaitānapyṛṣīnprāṇopāsakānaṅgirobṛhaspatyayāsyānprāṇaṃ karotyabhedavijñānāya /
"prāṇo ha pitā prāṇo mātā"ityādivacca /
tasmādṛṣiraṅgirā nāma prāṇa eva sannātmānamaṅgirasaṃ prāṇamudgīthamupāsāñcakra ityetat /
yadyasmātso 'ṅgānāṃ prāṇaḥ sanrasastenāsāvāṅgirasaḥ //10 //
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tena taṃ ha bṛhaspatir udgītham upāsāṃ cakre |
etam u eva bṛhaspatiṃ manyante |
vāg ghi bṛhatī tasyā eṣapatiḥ

tena taṃ hāyāsya udgītham upāsāṃ cakre |
etam u evāyāsyaṃ manyante |
āsyād yad ayate

ChUpBh_1,2.11,12 tathā vāco bṛhatyāḥ patistenāsau bṛhaspatiḥ /
yathā yadyasmādāsyādayate nirgacchati tenā'yāsya ṛṣiḥ prāṇa eva sannityarthaḥ tathānyo 'pyupāsaka ātmānamevā'ṅgirasādiguṇaṃ prāṇamudgīthamupāsītetyarthaḥ //11-12 //
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tena taṃ ha bako dālbhyo vidāṃ cakāra |
sa ha naimiśīyānām udgātā babhūva |
sa ha smaibhyaḥ kāmān āgāyati

ChUpBh_1,2.13 na kevalamaṅgiraḥprabhṛtayaḥ upāsāñcakrire /
taṃ ha bako nāma dalbhyasyāpatyaṃ dālbhyo vidāñcakāra yathādarśitaṃ prāṇaṃ vijñātavān /
viditvā ca sa ha naimiśīyānāṃ sattriṇāmudgātā babhūva /
sa ca prāṇavijñānasāmarthyādebhyo naimiśīyebhyaḥ kāmānāgāyati sma hā'gītavānkiletyarthaḥ //13 //
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āgātā ha vai kāmānāṃ bhavati ya etad evaṃ vidvān akṣaram udgītham upāste |
ity adhyātmam