Āryabhaṭīya with the Commentary (with commentary) · Chapter 19

[ śaṅkoḥ ākāraprakāravivecanam ]
atra śaṅkoḥ ākārapramāṇayoḥ vipravadante sāṃvatsarāḥ | kecit tāvat āhuḥ ã dvādaśāṅgulaśaṅkuḥ mūlatribhāge caturaśraḥ, madhyatribhāge tryaśriḥ, uparitribhāge śūlākāraḥ iti | sūkṣmatvāt vigrahasya sūkṣmayā ekayā koṭyā chāyāgrasya sulakṣyatvāt śeṣaiḥ ca duḥsampādatvāt iti tat ca na | śūlāgrasya avalambakasya vinyāsābhāvāt ṛjutā eva duḥsampādyā | tadabhāvāt sarvaguṇābhāvaḥ | gopucchākṛtivṛttodaraḥ tu bhraṣṭāvalambakatvena eva pratyākhyātā
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apare āhuḥ ã caturaśraḥ caturdiśam avalambakasādhanasambhavāt koṭidvayena chāyāgrahaṇāt abhīṣṭakoṭyām diggrahaṇasiddhiḥ iti | etat api yujyate, kintu tādṛśasya samprati śilpinaḥ samacaturaśrakṣetrasampādinaḥ durlabhatvāt yadi api svabhyastavidyaḥ kaścit kadācit sambhavet, tathā api pratikṣaṇam sūryasya abhimukhasthāpanāt punar punar śaṅkoḥ mukhacālanam kartavyam | tathā ca atisūkṣmadṛśaḥ tāvatā abhīṣṭacchāyātikrāntā syāt iti doṣaḥ, etasmāt
parityājyaḥ ayam api śaṅkuḥ | anena eva sarvatra śaṅkavaḥ prayuktāḥ |
āryabhaṭīyāḥ svamatam abhininiṣṭhāpayiṣavaḥ vyāvarṇayanti | tat yathā ã praśastadārumayaḥ hi asuṣiraḥ rājigranthavraṇavarjitaḥ bhramasiddhaḥ mūlamadhyāgrāntarālatulyavṛttaḥ na alpavyāsaḥ na alpāyāmaḥ ca praśastaḥ | tribhiḥ caturbhiḥ vā avalambakaiḥ asya ṛjusthitiḥ sādhayitavyā | śaṅkoḥ madhyasūtrasya asiddhatvāt avalambakasthitiḥ api duḥsampādya iti ataḥ śaṅkumadhyasūtrasādhanam pradarśyate | tat yathā ã śaṅkumucce pradeśe niścalam nidhāya
avalambakena śaṅkumūlamastakayoḥ madhye vijñāya tadagrasaktam sūtram prasārya ubhayapārśve ca lekhe kuryāt | etat ubhayapārśvamadhyalekhe, tataḥ punar api karkaṭakena lohena mūlāgramadhyasūtrābhyām matsyam utpādya śeṣamadhyalekhāsādhanam | nanu ca atra api doṣaḥ asti eva, sarvadikṣu tanmastakasya chāyāgrasya vipulavṛttatvāt chāyāmadhyam durlakṣyam | tena ca vinā ādigrahaṇābhāvaḥ iti | na eṣaḥ doṣaḥ | śaṅkoḥ upari kendre viṣkambhārdhādhikānyā
samavṛttā śalākā madhyaprasādhinī lohī dārvī vā kriyate | tadā ādigrahaṇamadhyaparijñānam ca bhaviṣyati iti | athavā prājñasya avalambakasūtreṇa pūrvavinyastena eva kiñcit utkṣiptena madhyaparijñānam | atha aṅgulavibhāgāt tīkṣṇena śastreṇa manāk śakalitam kṛtam | anyathā hi pramāṇagrahaṇam anarthakam syāt | tasmāt yatheṣṭapramāṇaḥ śaṅkuḥ dvādaśāṅgulaḥ iti suprasiddham aṅgīkṛtya ucyate | uddeśakeṣu etat pratipādayiṣyāmaḥ | yāvat yāvat ayam pṛthuḥ
guruḥ ca bhavati tāvat tāvat vāyunā na eva cālyate, yāvat yāvat ca dīrghaḥ bhavati tāvat tāvat ca aṅgulāvayavāḥ sūkṣmāḥ suparijñātāḥ bhavanti | tasmāt pṛthugurudīrgheṣu ādaraḥ kāryaḥ iti abhihitaḥ śaṅkoḥ ākāraḥ |
[ śaṅkupramāṇavivecanam ]
idānīm pramāṇam upadekṣyāmaḥ | kecit āhuḥ ã ardhahastaḥ dvādaśadhā vibhaktaśarīraḥ iti | na eṣaḥ niyamaḥ | kintu abhīṣṭasaṅkhyāpravibhaktaśarīraḥ abhīṣṭasaṅkhyāpravibhaktaḥ iti arthaḥ | yatra pramāṇagrahaṇam kṛtam, tatra api samāṅgulavibhāge kendravibhāge ca kauśalam abhyasanīyam |
[ śloka-vyakhyā ]
śaṅkoḥ pramāṇavargam, śaṅkoḥ ittham prapañcatapramāṇasya pramāṇagrahaṇam aniyatapramāṇapratipādanārtham iti uktam | yadi śaṅkoḥ niyatam eva pramāṇam syāt tadā śaṅkoḥ vargam iti iyatā api ucyamāne tanniyatapramāṇaḥ eva pratipattiḥ | pramāṇasya vargaḥ pramāṇavargaḥ, tam pramāṇavargam | chāyāvargeṇa, chāyāyāḥ vargaḥ chāyāvargaḥ, tena chāyāvargeṇa | saṃyutam kṛtvā, ekīkṛtya iti arthaḥ | yat tasya vargamūlam, tasya saṃyuktasya rāśeḥ
vargamūlam yat, tat svavṛttaviṣkambhārdham bhavati | kim tat vṛttam yasya idam viṣkambhārdham iti ucyate ? tat mūlatulyena karkaṭakena ālikhitasya vṛttasya tat viṣkambhārdham | yadi evam sarve eva saṃkhyāviśeṣaḥ svavṛttaviṣkambhārdham bhavati | na eṣaḥ doṣaḥ | yadi sarvasaṅkhyāviśeṣaḥ svavṛttaviṣkambhārdham bhavati eva, kim naḥ chinnam ? atra punar śaṅkupramāṇacchāyāvargayogamūlam svaviṣkambhārdham viśiṣṭam eva parigṛhyate, tena anyasya
svavṛttaviṣkambhārdhasya grahaṇam na eva atra prasajyate | prasakte ca doṣaparihāraḥ vā vidhīyate | atra ca svavṛttaviṣkambhārdhagrahaṇam trairāśikaprasiddhyartham ã yadi asya svavṛttaviṣkambhārdhasya ete śaṅkucchāye tadā golaviṣkambhārdhasya ke iti śaṅkucchāye labhyete | tau eva viṣuvati avalambakākṣajye iti ucyate |
uddeśakaḥ ã
pañcanavārdhacaturthā chāyā dṛṣṭā kṣitau samāyām tu |
viṣuvan madhye sūtre śaṅkoḥ dvādaśavibhaktasya

nyāsaḥ ã śaṅkuḥ 12, chāyā 5; śaṅkuḥ 12, chāyā 9; śaṅkuḥ 12, chāyā
3
1
2
karaṇam ã śaṅkucchāyayoḥ vargau 144, 25, ekatra 169 | asya mūlam svavṛttaviṣkambhārdham | tat ca idam 13 | etasya kṣetrasya nyāsaḥ ã
parilekhaḥ 36
svavṛttaviṣkambhārdham nāma chāyāgrāt ārabhya śaṅkumastakaprāpi sūtram | tatsūtrānusāreṇa bhūmau dṛṣṭim nidhāya śaṅkumastakāsaktam vivasvantam paśyati | akṣajyā ānayane trairāśikasthāpanā ã 13 | 5 | 3438 | labdham akṣajyā 1322 | eṣā bhujā, vyāsārdham karṇaḥ, bhujākarṇavargaviśeṣamūlam avalambakaḥ 3174 | trairāśikena api 13 | 12 | 2328 | labdham avalambakaḥ 3174 | apare api atra kṣetraviśeṣāḥ | trairāśike vācaḥ yuktiḥ ã yadi asya
svavṛttaviṣkambhārdhasya chāyātulyā bhujā śaṅkutulyaḥ avalambakaḥ tadā asya golavyāsārdhasya kau bhujau alambau iti | chāyayā ghaṭikānayane, madhyāhne chāyayā ca sūryānayane svavṛttaviṣkambhārdhasya ayam eva vidhiḥ | kintu chāyayā ghaṭikānayane śaṅkunā kāryam iti śaṅkuḥ eva ānīyate | samamaṇḍalachāyayā sūryānayane sa eva | madhyāhnacchāyayā sūryānayane natajyayā prayojanam iti chāyā eva ānīyate |
śeṣayoḥ api svavṛttaviṣkambhārdhe 15 |
12
1
2 |
trairāśikena eva akṣajyāvalambakau 2063, 2750; 963, 3300 |
uddeśakaḥ ã
pañcadaśāṅgulaśaṅkoḥ pādena yutā ṣaḍaṅgulā chāyā |
viṣuvat dinamadhyāhne vācyā akṣajyā avalambakau ca atra

nyāsaḥ ã śaṅkuḥ 15, chāyā
6
1
4 |
āgatam svavṛttaviṣkambhārdham
16
1
4 |
anena svavṛttaviṣkambhārdhena āgatau akṣajyau alambakau 1322, 3174 |
uddeśakaḥ ã
triṃśat pramāṇaśaṅkoḥ ṣoḍaśa dṛṣṭā yadā aṅgulacchāyā |
madhyāt kiyat gataḥ arkaḥ vitatamayūkhaḥ tataḥ vācyaḥ

nyāsaḥ ã śaṅkuḥ 30, chāyā 16 | āgatam svavṛttaviṣkambhārdham 34 | labdham tadakṣajyā 1618

[ pradīpacchāyākarma ]
pradīpacchāyākarma āha ã
śaṅkuguṇam śaṅkubhujāvivaram śaṅkubhujayoḥ viśeṣahṛtam |
yat labdham tā chāyā jñeyā śaṅkoḥ svamūlāt hi