Vakyapadiya · Chapter 3.5

saṃsargi bhedakaṃ yad yat savyāpāraṃ pratīyate
guṇatvaṃ paratantratvāt tasya śāstra udāhṛtam //

dravyasyāvyapadeśasya ya upādīyate guṇaḥ
bhedako vyapadeśāya tatprakarṣo 'bhidhīyate //

sarvasyaiva pradhānasya na vinā bhedahetunā
prakarṣo vidyate nāpi 'śabdasyopaiti vācyatām //

vidyamānāḥ pradhāneṣu na sarve bhedahetavaḥ
viśeṣaśabdair ucyante vyāvṛttārthābhidhāyibhiḥ //

vastūpalakṣaṇe tatra viśeṣo vyāpṛto yadi
prakarṣo niyamābhāvāt syād avijñātahetukaḥ //

sarvaṃ ca sarvato 'vaśyaṃ niyamena prakṛṣyate
saṃsargiṇā nimittena nikṛṣṭenādhikena vā //

nāpekṣate nimittaṃ ca prakarṣe vyāpṛtaṃ yadi
dravyasya syād upādānaṃ prakarṣaṃ praty anarthakaṃ //

savyāpāro guṇas tasmāt svaprakarṣanibandhanaḥ
dravyātmānaṃ bhinatty eva svaprakarṣaṃ niveśayan //

arūpaṃ pararūpeṇa dravyam ākhyāyate yathā
aprakarṣaṃ prakarṣeṇa guṇasyāviśyate tathā //