Sāṃkhyakārikā with Gauḍapāda's Bhāṣya (with commentary) · Verses 1-20

sāṅkhyakārikā gauḍapādabhāṣya
kapilāya namastasmai yenāvidyodadhau jagati magne /
kāruṇyātsāṅkhyamayī nauriva vihitā prataraṇāya //
alpagranthaṃ spaṣṭaṃ pramāṇasiddhāntahetubhiryuktam /
śāstraṃ śiṣyahitāya samāsato 'haṃ pravakṣyāmi //
duḥkhatrayābhighātājjijñāsā tadabhighātake hetau /
dṛṣṭe sāpārthā cennaikāntātyantato 'bhāvāt

duḥkhatrayeti / asyā āryyāyā upodghātaḥ kriyate / iha bhagavānbrahmasutaḥ kapilo nāma / tadyathā -
sanakaśca sanandaśca tṛtīyaśca sanātanaḥ /
āsuriḥ kapilaścaiva voḍhuḥ pañcaśikhastathā /
ityete brahmaṇaḥ putrāḥ sapta proktā maharṣayaḥ //
kapilasya sahotpannā dharmmo jñānaṃ vairāgyamaiśvaryyañceti / evaṃ sa utpannaḥ sannandhatamasi majjajjagadālokya saṃsārapāramparyyeṇa satkāruṇyo jijñāsamānāya āsurisagotrāya brahmaṇāyedaṃ pañcaviṃśatitattvānāṃ jñānamuktavān / yasya jñānādduḥkhakṣayo bhavati /
pañcaviṃśatitatvajño yatra tatrāśrame vaset /
jaṭī muṇḍī śikhī vāpi mucyate nātra saṃśayaḥ //
tadidamāhuḥ / duḥkhatrayābhighātājjijñāseti / tatra duḥkhatrayaṃ- ādhyātmikaṃ ādhibhautikaṃ ādhidaivikaṃ ceti / tatrādhyātmikaṃ dvividhaṃ - śārīraṃ mānasaṃ ceti / śārīraṃ vātapittaśleṣmaviparyyayakṛtaṃ jvarātīsārādi / mānasaṃ priyaviyogāpriyasaṃyogādi / ādhibhautikaṃ caturvidhaṃ - bhūtagrāmanimittaṃ manuṣyapaśumṛgapakṣisarīsṛpadaṃśamaśakayūkāmatkuṇamatsyamakaragrāhasthāvarebhyo jarāyujāṇḍajasvedajodbhijjebhyaḥ sakāśādupajāyate / ādhidaivikaṃ - devānāmidaṃ daivikam / divaḥ prabhavatīti vā daivaṃ tadadhikṛtya yadupajāyate śītoṣṇavātavarṣāśanipātādikam / evaṃ yathā duḥkhatrayābhijñātājjijñāsā kāryyā kva / tadabhighātake hetau / tasya duḥkhatrayasya abhighātako yo 'sau hetustatreti / dṛṣṭe sāpārthā cet / dṛṣṭe hetau duḥkhatrayābhighātake sā jijñāsāpārthā cedyadi / tatrādhyātmikasya dvividhasyāpi āyurvedaśāstrakriyayā priyasamāgamāpriyaparihārakaṭutiktakaṣāyādikvāthādibhirdṛṣṭa eva ādhyātmikopāyaḥ / ādhibhautikasya rakṣādinābhighāto dṛṣṭaḥ / dṛṣṭe sāpārthā cedevaṃ manyase / na / ekāntyātyantato 'bhāvāt / yata ekāntato 'vaśyaṃ atyantato nityaṃ dṛṣṭena hetunābhighāto na bhavati tasmādanyatra ekāntātyantābhighātake hetau jijñāsā vividiṣā kāryeti // 1 //
yadi dṛṣṭānyatra jijñāsā kāryyā tato 'pi naiva yata ānuśraviko heturduḥkhatrayābhighātakaḥ / anuśravatītyanuśravastatrabhavaḥ ānuśravikaḥ sa ca āgamātsiddhaḥ / yathā
apāma somamamṛtā abhūmāganma jyotiravidāma devān /
kinnūnamasmān kṛṇavadarātiḥ kimu dhūrttiramṛtamartyasya //
kadācidindrādīnāṃ devānāṃ kalpa āsīt / kathaṃ vayamamṛtā abhūmeti vicāryyāmuṃ yasmādvayamapāma somaṃ pītavantaḥ somaṃ tasmādamṛtā abhūma amarā bhūtavanta ityarthaḥ kiṃca aganma jyotiḥ gatavato labdhavato jyotiḥ svargamiti / avidāma devān divyān viditavantaḥ / evaṃ ca kinnūnamasmān kṛṇavadarātiḥ nūnaṃ niścitaṃ kiṃ arātiḥ śatrurasmān kṛṇavat kartteti kimu dhūrttiramṛtamartyasya dhūrttirjarā hiṃsā vā kiṃ kariṣyati amṛtamartyasya / anyacca śrūyate ātyantikaṃ phalaṃ paśuvadhena / sarvvaṃllokāñjayati mṛtyuṃ tarati pāpmānaṃ tarati brahmahatyāṃ tarati yo yo 'śvamedhena yajata iti / ekāntātyantike eva vedokte apārthe 'vajijñāsā iti na / ucyate /
dṛṣṭavadānuśravikaḥ sa hyaviśuddhikṣayātiśayayuktaḥ /
tadviparītaḥ śreyān vyaktāvyaktajñavijñānāt

dṛṣṭavadānuśravika iti dṛṣṭena tulyo dṛṣṭavat / ko 'sau ānuśravikaḥ kasmātsa yasmādaviśuddhikṣayātiśayayuktaḥ / aviśuddhiyuktaḥ paśughātāt tathā coktam /
ṣaṭ śatāni niyujyante paśunāṃ madhyame 'hani /
aśvamedhasya vacanādūnāni paśuhistribhiḥ //
yadyapi śrutismṛtivihito dharmmastathāpi miśrībhāvādaviśuddhiyukta iti / yathā
bahūnīndrasahasrāṇi devānāṃ ca yuge yuge /
kālena samatītāni kālo hi duratikramaḥ //
evamindrādināśātkṣayayuktaḥ / tathātiśayo viśeṣastena yuktaḥ / viśeṣaguṇādarśanāditarasya duḥkhaṃ syāditi / evamānuśraviko 'pi heturdṛṣṭavat / kastarhi śreyāniti cet / ucyate /
tadviparītaḥ śreyān tābhyāṃ dṛṣṭānuśravikābhyāṃ viparītaḥ śreyān praśasyatara iti / aviśuddhikṣayātiśayāyuktatvāt / sa kathamityāha /
vyaktāvyaktajñavijñānāt tatra vyaktaṃ mahadādibuddhirahaṃkāraḥ pañca tanmātrāṇi ekādaśendriyāṇi pañcamahābhūtāni / avyaktaṃ pradhānam / jñaḥ puruṣaḥ / evametāni pañcaviṃśatitattvāni vyaktāvyaktajñāni kathyante etadvijñānācchreya ityuktaṃ ca pañcaviṃśatitattvajña iti // 2 //
atha vyaktāvyaktajñānāṃ ko viśeṣa ityucyate /
mūlaprakṛtiravikṛtirmahadādyāḥ prakṛtivikṛtayaḥ sapta /
ṣoḍaśakastu vikāro na prakṛtirna vikṛtiḥ puruṣaḥ

mūlaprakṛtiḥ pradhānam / prakṛtivikṛtisaptakasya mūlabhūtatvāt / mūlaṃ ca sā prakṛtiśca mūlaprakṛtiravikṛtiḥ / anyasmānnotpadyate tena prakṛtiḥ kasyacidvikāro na bhavati / mahadādyāḥ prakṛtivikṛtayaḥ sapta / mahābhūtāditi buddhiḥ buddhyādyāḥ sapta buddhi 1 ahaṃkāraḥ 2 pañcatanmātrāṇi 5 etāni saptaprakṛtivikṛtayaḥ / tadyathā / pradhānādbuddhirutpadyate tena vikṛtiḥ pradhānasya vikāra iti saivāhaṃkāramutpādayati ataḥ prakṛtiḥ / ahaṃkāro 'pi buddherutpadyata iti vikṛtiḥ sa ca pañcatanmātrāṇyutpādayatīti prakṛtiḥ / tatra śabdatanmātramahaṃkārādutpadyata iti vikṛtistasmādākāśamutpadyata iti prakṛtiḥ / tathā sparśatanmātramahaṃkārādutpadyata iti vikṛtistadevaṃ vāyumutpādayatīti prakṛtiḥ / gandhatanmātramahaṃkārādutpadyata iti vikṛtistadevaṃ pṛthivīmutpādayatīti prakṛtiḥ / rūpatanmātramahaṃkārādutpadyata iti vikṛtistadevaṃ teja utpādayatīti prakṛtiḥ / rasatanmātramahaṃkārādutpadyata iti vikṛtistadevaṃ āpa utpādayatīti prakṛtiḥ / evaṃ mahadādyāḥ sapta prakṛtayo vikṛtayaśca / ṣoḍaśakaśca vikāraḥ pañcabuddhīndriyāṇi pañcakarmmendriyāṇi ekādaśaṃ manaḥ pañcamahābhūtāni eṣa ṣoḍaśako gaṇo vikṛtireva / vikāro vikṛtiḥ / na prakṛtirna vikṛtiḥ puruṣaḥ // 3 //
evameṣāṃ vyaktāvyaktajñānāṃ trayāṇāṃ padārthānāṃ kaiḥ kiyadbhiḥ pramāṇaiḥ kena kasya vā pramāṇena siddhirbhavati / iha loke prameyavastu pramāṇena sādhyate yathā prasthādibhirvrīhayastulayā candanādi / tasmāt pramāṇamabhidheyam /
dṛṣṭamanumānamāptavacanaṃ ca sarvapramāṇasiddhatvāt /
trividhaṃ pramāṇamiṣṭaṃ prameyasiddhiḥ pramāṇāddhi

dṛṣṭaṃ yathā śrotraṃ tvak cakṣurjihvā ghrāṇamiti pañcabuddhīndriyāṇi śabdasparśarūparasagandhā eṣāṃ pañcānāṃ pañcaiva viṣayā yathāsaṃkhyaṃ śabdaṃ śrotraṃ tvak sparśaṃ cakṣū rūpaṃ jihvā rasaṃ ghrāṇaṃ gandhamiti / etaddṛṣṭamityucyate pramāṇam / pratyakṣeṇānumānena va yo 'rtho na gṛhyate sa āptavacanādgrāhyaḥ / yathendroḥ devarājaḥ uttarāḥ kuravaḥ svarge 'psarasa ityādi / pratyakṣānumānāgrāhyamathāptavacanādgṛhyate / api coktam /
āgamo hyāptavacanamāptaṃ doṣakṣayādviduḥ /
kṣīṇadoṣo 'nṛtaṃ vākyaṃ na brūyāddhetvasambhavāt //
svakarmmaṇyabhiyukto yaḥ saṅgadveṣavivarjjitaḥ /
pūjitastadvidhairnityamāpto jñeyaḥ sa tādṛśaḥ //
eteṣu pramāṇeṣu sarvapramāṇāni siddhāni bhavanti / ṣaṭ pramāṇāni jaiminiḥ / atha kāni tānyapramāṇāni / arthāpattiḥ sambhavaḥ abhāvaḥ pratibhā aitihyaṃ upamānaṃ ceti ṣaṭ pramāṇāni / tatrārthāpattirdvividhā dṛṣṭā śrutā ca / tatra dṛṣṭā / ekasmin pakṣe ātmabhāvo gṛhītaścedanyasminnapyātmabhāvo gṛhyata eva / śrutā yathā / divā devadatto na bhuṅkte atha ca pīno dṛśyate ato 'vagamyate rātrau bhuṅkta iti / sambhavo yathā / prastha ityukte catvāraḥ kuḍavāḥ sambhāvyante / abhāvo nāma / prāgitaretarātyantasarvābhāvalakṣaṇaḥ / prāgabhāvo yathā devadattaḥ kaumārayauvanādiṣu / itaretarābhāvaḥ paṭe ghaṭābhāvaḥ / atyantābhāvaḥ kharaviṣāṇavandhyāsutakhapuṣpavaditi / sarvābhāvaḥ pradhvaṃsābhāvo dagdhapaṭavaditi / yathā śuṣkadhānyadarśanadvṛṣṭerabhāvo 'vagamyate / evamabhāvo 'nekadhā / pratibhā yathā / dakṣiṇena vindhyasya sahyasya ca yaduttaram / pṛthivyāmāsamudrāyāṃ sa pradeśo manoramaḥ / evamukte tasmin pradeśe śobhanāḥ guṇāḥ santīti pratibhotpadyate pratibhānvāsasaṃjñānamiti / aitihyaṃ yathā / bravīti loko yathātra vaṭe yakṣiṇī pravasatītyeva aitihyam / upamānaṃ yathā / gauriva gavayaḥ samudra iva taḍāgam / etāni ṣaṭ pramāṇāni triṣu dṛṣṭādiṣvantarbhūtāni / tatrānumāne tāvadarthāpattirantarbhūtā / sambhavābhāvapratibhaitihyopamāścāptavacane / tasmāttriṣveva sarvapramāṇasiddhatvāt trividhaṃ pramāṇamiṣṭaṃ tadāha tena trividhena pramāṇena pramāṇasiddhirbhavatītita vākyaśeṣaḥ / prameyasiddhiḥ pramāṇāddhi / prameyaṃ pradhānaṃ buddhirahaṃkāraḥ pañcatanmātrāṇi ekādaśendriyāṇi pañcamahābhūtāni puruṣa iti etāni pañcaviṃśatitattvāni vyaktāvyaktajñānyucyante / tatra kiñcit pratyakṣeṇa sādhyaṃ kiñcidanumānena kiñcidāgameneti trividhaṃ pramāṇamuktaṃ // 4 //
tasya kiṃ lakṣaṇametadāha /
prativiṣayādhyavasāyo dṛṣṭaṃ trividhamanumānamākhyātam /
talliṅgaliṅgipūrvakamāptaśrutirāptavacanaṃ tu

prativiṣayeṣu śrotrādināṃ śabdādiviṣayeṣu adhyavasāyo dṛṣṭaṃ pratyakṣamityarthaḥ / trividhamanumānamākhyātaṃ śeṣavat pūrvavat sāmānyato dṛṣṭaṃ ceti / pūrvamasyāstīti pūrvavad yathā meghonnatyā vṛṣṭiṃ sādhayati pūrvavṛṣṭitvāt / śeṣavadyathā samudrādekaṃ jalapalaṃ lavaṇamāsādya śeṣasyāpyasti lavaṇabhāva iti / sāmānyato dṛṣṭam / deśāntarāddeśāntaraṃ prāptaṃ dṛṣṭam / gatimaccandratārakaṃ caitravat / yathā caitranāmānaṃ deśāntarāddeśāntaraṃ prāptamavalokya gatimānayāmīti tadvaccandratārakamiti tathā puṣpitāmradarśanādanyatrapuṣpitāmrā iti sāmānyato dṛṣṭena sādhayati / etatsāmānyadṛṣṭam /
kiñca talliṅgaliṅgipūrvakamiti tadanumānaṃ liṅgapūrvakaṃ yatra liṅgena liṅgī anumīyate yathā daṇḍena yatiḥ / liṅgipūrvakaṃ ca yatra liṅginā liṅgamanumīyate yathā dṛṣṭvā yatimasyedaṃ tridaṇḍamiti / āptaśrutirāptavacanaṃ ca / āptā ācāryyā brahmādayaḥ / śrutirvedaḥ / āptaśca śrutiśca āptaśrutī taduktamāptavacanamiti // 5 //
evaṃ trividhaṃ pramāṇamuktaṃ tatra kena pramāṇena kiṃ sādhyamucyate /
sāmānyatastu dṛṣṭādatīndriyāṇāṃ prasiddhiranumānāt /
tasmādapi cāsiddhaṃ parokṣamāptāgamātsiddham

sāmānyato dṛṣṭādanumānādatīndriyāṇamindriyāṇyatītyavarttamānānāṃ siddhiḥ pradhānapuruṣāvatīndriyau sāmānyato dṛṣṭenānumānena sādhyete yasmānmahadādiliṅgaṃ triguṇam / yasyedaṃ triguṇaṃ kāryaṃ tatpradhānamiti / yataścātenaṃ cetanamivābhāti ato 'nyo 'dhiṣṭhātā puruṣa iti / vyaktaṃ pratyakṣasādhyam / tasmādapi cāsiddhaṃ parokṣamāptāgamāt siddhaṃ yathendro devarājaḥ uttarāḥ kuravaḥ svarge 'psarasa iti parokṣamāptavacanāt siddham // 6 //
atra kaścidāha pradhānaḥ puruṣo vā nopalabhyate yaśca nopalabhyate loke tannāsti tasmāttāvapi na staḥ / yathā dvitīyaṃ śirastṛtīyo bāhuriti / taducyate / atra satāmapyarthānāmaṣṭadhopalabdhirna bhavati tadyathā /
atidūrātsāmīpyādindriyaghātānmano 'navasthānāt /
saukṣmyādvyavadhānādabhibhavātsamānābhihārācca

iha satāmapyarthānāmatidūrādanupalabdhirdṛṣṭā / yathā deśāntarasthānāṃ caitramaitraviṣṇumitrāṇām / sāmīpyādyathā cakṣuṣo 'ñjanānupalabdhiḥ / indriyābhighātādyathā badhirāndhayoḥ śabdarūpānupalabdhiḥ / mano 'navasthānādyathā vyagracittaḥ samyakkathitamapi nāvadhārayati / saukṣmyādyathā dhūmoṣmajalanīhāraparamāṇavo gaganagatā nopalabhyante / vyavadhānādyathā kuḍyena pihitaṃ vastu nopalabhyate / abhibhavādyathā sūryatejasābhibhūtā grahanakṣatratārakādayo nopalabhyante / samānābhihārādyathā mudgarāśau mudgaḥ kṣiptaḥ kuvalayāmalakamadhye kuvalayāmalake kṣipte kapotamadhye kapoto nopalabhyate sanānadravyamadhyāhṛtatvāt / evamaṣṭadhānupalabdhiḥ satāmarthānāmiha dṛṣṭā // 7 //
evaṃ cāsti kimabhyupagamyate pradhānapuruṣayorapyetayorvānupalabdhiḥ kena hetunā kena copalabdhistaducyate /
saukṣmyāttadanupalabdhirnābhāvātkāryatastadupalabdhiḥ /
mahadādi tacca kāryaṃ prakṛtivirūpaṃ svarūpaṃ ca

saukṣmyāttadanupalabdhiḥ pradhānasyetyarthaḥ / pradhānaṃ saukṣmyānnopalabhyate yathākāśe dhūmoṣmajalanīhāraparamāṇavaḥ santo 'pi nopalabhyante / kathaṃ tarhi tadupalabdhiḥ / kāryatastadupalabdhiḥ / kāryaṇa dṛṣṭvā kāraṇamanumīyate / asti pradhānaṃ kāraṇaṃ yasyedaṃ kāryam / buddhirahaṃkārapañcatanmātrāṇi ekādaśendriyāṇi pañcamahābhūtāni eva tatkāryam / tacca kāryaṃ prakṛtivirūpam / prakṛtiḥ pradhānaṃ tasya virūpaṃ prakṛterasadṛśaṃ svarūpaṃ ca samānarūpaṃ ca tathā loke 'pi pitustulya eva putro bhavatyatulyaśca / yena hetunā tulyamatulyaṃ tadupariṣṭādvakṣyāmaḥ // 8 //
yadidaṃ mahadādikāryaṃ tatkiṃ pradhāne sadutādahosvidasadācāryavipratipatterayaṃ saṃśayaḥ / yato 'tra sāṃkhyadarśane satkāryaṃ bauddhādīnāmasatkāryam / yadi sadasanna bhavatyasatsanna bhavatīti vipratiṣedhastatrāha /
asadakaraṇādupādānagrahaṇātsarvasambhavābhāvāt /
śaktasya śakyakaraṇātkāraṇabhāvācca satkāryam

asadakaraṇānna sadasato 'karaṇaṃ tasmātsatkāryaṃ ihaloke 'satkaraṇaṃ nāsti yathā sikatābhyastailotpattistasmātsataḥ karaṇādasti prāgu(tpa)pteḥ / pradhāne vyaktamataḥ satkāryam / kiṃ cānyadupādānagrahaṇādupādānaṃ kāraṇaṃ tasya grahaṇādihaloke yo yenārthī sa tadupādānagrahaṇaṃ karoti dadhyarthī kṣīrasya na tu jalasya tasmāt satkāryam / itaśca sarvasambhavābhāvāt sarvasya sarvatrasambhavo nāsti yathā suvarṇasya rajatādau tṛṇapāṃśusikatāsu tasmāt sarvasambhavābhāvāt satkāryam / itaśaca śaktasya śakyakaraṇāt / iha kulālaḥ śakto mṛddaṇḍacakracīvararajjunīrādikaraṇopakaraṇaṃ vā śakyameva ghaṭāṃ mṛtpiṇḍādutpādayati tasmāt satkāryam / itaśca kāraṇabhāvācca satkāryam / kāraṇaṃ yallakṣaṇaṃ tallakṣaṇameva kāryameva yathā yavebhyo 'pi yavāḥ vrīhībhyo vrīhayaḥ yadāsatkāryaṃ syāttataḥ kodravebhyaḥ śālayaḥ syurna ca santīti tasmāt satkāryam / evaṃ pañcabhirhetubhiḥ pradhāne mahadādiliṅgamasti tasmātsata utpattirnāsata iti // 9 //
prakṛtivirūpaṃ sarūpaṃ ca yaduktaṃ kathamityucyate /
hetumadanityamavyāpi sakriyamanekamāśritaṃ liṅgam /
sāvayavaṃ paratantraṃ vyaktaṃ viparītamavyaktam

vyaktaṃ mahadādikāryyaṃ hetumaditi heturasyāsti hetumat / upādānaṃ hetuḥ kāraṇaṃ nimittamiti paryāyāḥ / vyaktasya pradhānaṃ heturasti ato hetumadvyaktaṃ bhūtaparyyantaṃ hetumadbuddhimattvaṃ pradhānena hetumānahaṃkāro buddhyā pañcatanmātrāṇi ekādaśendriyāṇi hetumantyahaṃkāreṇa / ākāśaṃ śabdatanmātreṇa hetumat / vāyuḥ sparśatanmātreṇa hetumān / tejo rūpatanmātreṇa hetumat / āpo rasatanmātreṇa hetumatyaḥ / pṛthivī gandhatanmātrena hetumatī / evaṃ bhūtaparyyantaṃ vyaktaṃ hetumat / kiṃ cānyadanityaṃ yasmādanyasmādutpadyate yathā mṛtpiṇḍādutpadyate ghaṭaḥ sa cānityaḥ / kiṃ cāvyāpyasarvvagamityarthaḥ yathā pradhānapuruṣau sarvvagatau naiva vyaktam / kiṃcānyat sakriyaṃ saṃsārakāle saṃsarati trayodaśavidhena karaṇena saṃyuktaṃ sūkṣmaṃ śarīramāśritya saṃsarati tasmāt sakriyam / kiṃcānyadanekaṃ buddhirahaṃkāraḥ pañcatanmātrānyekādaśendriyāṇi ca pañcamahābhūtāni pañcatanmātrāśritāni / kiṃca liṅgaṃ layayuktaṃ layakāle pañcamahābhūtāni tanmātreṣu līyante tānyekādaśendriyaiḥ sahāhaṃkāre sa ca buddhau sā ca pradhāne layaṃ yātīti / tathā sāvayavaṃ avayavāḥ śabdasparśarasarūpagandhāḥ taiḥ saha / kiṃca paratantraṃ nātmanaḥ prabhavati yathā pradhānatantrā buddhiḥ buddhitantro 'haṃkāraḥ ahaṃkāratantrāṇi tanmātrāṇīndriyāṇi ca tanmātratantrāṇi pañcamahābhūtāni ca / evaṃ paratantraṃ parāyattaṃ vyākhyātaṃ vyaktam / atho 'vyaktaṃ vyākhyāmaḥ / viparītamavyaktam / etaireva guṇairyathoktairviparītamavyaktaṃ hetumadvyaktamuktam / nahi pradhānāt paraṃ kiñcidasti yataḥ pradhānasyānutpattiḥ tasmādahetumadavyaktam / tathānityaṃ ca vyaktaṃ nityamavyaktamanutpādyatvāt nahi bhūtāni kutaścidutpadyanteti pradhānam / kiṃ cāvyāpi vyaktaṃ vyāpi pradhānaṃ kāryyaṃ syāt / tathā vyaktaṃ liṅgamaliṅgamavyaktaṃ nityatvānmahadādi liṅgaṃ pralayakāle parasparaṃ pralīyate naivaṃ pradhānaṃ tasmādaliṅgaṃ pradhānam / tathā sāvayavaṃ vyaktaṃ niravayavamavyaktaṃ nahi śabdasparśarasarūpagandhāḥ pradhāne santi / tathā paratantraṃ vyaktaṃ svatantramavyaktaṃ prabhavatyātmanaḥ // 10 //
evaṃ vyaktāvyaktayorvaidharmmyamuktaṃ sādharmmyamucyate yaduktaṃ sarūpaṃ ca /
triguṇamaviveki viṣayaḥ sāmānyamacetanaṃ prasavadharmi /
vyaktaṃ tathā pradhānaṃ tadviparītastathā ca pumān

triguṇaṃ vyaktaṃ sattvarajastamāṃsi trayo guṇā yasyeti / aviveki vyaktaṃ na viveko 'syāstīti / idaṃ vyaktamime guṇā iti na vivekakarttuṃ yāti ayaṃ gaurayamaśva iti yathā ye guṇāstadvyaktaṃ yadvyaktaṃ te ca guṇā iti / tathā viṣayo vyaktaṃ bhojyamityarthaḥ sarvapuruṣāṇāṃ viṣayabhūtatvāt / tathā sāmānyaṃ vyaktaṃ mūlyadāsīvat sarvasādhāraṇatvāt / acetanaṃ vyaktaṃ sukhaduḥkhamohānna cetayatītyarthaḥ / tathā prasavadharmi vyaktaṃ tadyathā buddherahaṃkāraḥ prasūyate tasmāt pañcatanmātrāṇi ekādaśendriyāṇi ca prasūyante tanmātrebhyaḥ pañcamahābhūtāni / evamete vyaktadharmāḥ prasavadharmāntā uktā evamebhiravyaktaṃ sarūpaṃ yathā vyaktaṃ tathā pradhānamiti / tatra triguṇaṃ vyaktamavyaktamapi triguṇaṃ yasyaitanmahadādi kāryaṃ triguṇam / iha yadātmakaṃ kāraṇaṃ tadātmakaṃ kāryamiti yathā kṛṣṇatantukṛtaḥ kṛṣṇa eva paṭo bhavati / tathāviveki vyaktaṃ pradhānamapi guṇairna bhidyate anye guṇā anyat pradhānameva vivaktuṃ na yāti tadaviveki pradhānam / tathā viṣayo vyaktaṃ pradhānamapi sarvapuruṣaviṣayabhūtatvādviṣaya iti / tathā sāmānyaṃ vyaktaṃ pradhānamapi sarvasādhāraṇatvāt / tathācetanaṃ vyaktaṃ pradhānamapi sukhaduḥkhamohānna cetayatīti kathamanumīyata iha hyacetanānmṛtpiṇḍādacetano ghaṭā utpadyate / evaṃ pradhānamapi vyākhyātam / idānīṃ tadviparītastathā pumānityetadvyākhyāyate / sadviparītastābhyāṃ vyaktāvyaktābhyāṃ viparītaḥ pumān / tadyathā triguṇaṃ vyaktamavyaktaṃ cāguṇaḥ puruṣaḥ / aviveki vyaktamavyaktaṃ ca vivekī puruṣaḥ / tathā viṣayo vyaktamavyaktaṃ cāviṣayaḥ puruṣaḥ / tathā sāmānyaṃ vyaktamavyaktaṃ cāsāmānyaḥ puruṣaḥ / acetanaṃ vyaktamavyaktaṃ ca cetanaḥ puruṣaḥ sukhaduḥkhamohāṃścetayati saṃjānīte tasmāccetanaḥ puruṣa iti / prasavadharmi vyaktaṃ pradhānaṃ cāprasavadharmī puruṣo nahi kiñcit puruṣāt prasūyate / tasmāduktaṃ tadviparītaḥ pumāniti / taduktaṃ tathā ca pumāniti / tat pūrvasyāmāryāyāṃ pradhānamahetumadyathā vyākhyātaṃ tathā ca pumān tadyathā hetumadananityamityādi vyaktaṃ tadviparītamavyaktaṃ tatra hetumadvyaktamahetumat pradhānaṃ tathā ca pumānahetumānanutpādyatvāt / anityaṃ vyaktaṃ nityaṃ pradhānaṃ tathā ca nityaḥ pumān / akriyaḥ sarvagatatvādeva / anekaṃ vyaktamekamavyaktaṃ tathā pumānyapyekaḥ / āśritaṃ vyaktamanāśritamavyaktaṃ tathā ca pumānanāśritaḥ / liṅgaṃ vyaktamaliṅgaṃ pradhānaṃ tathā ca pumānapyaliṅgaḥ / na kvacillīyata iti / sāvayavaṃ vyaktaṃ niravayavamavyaktaṃ tathā ca pumān niravayavaḥ / nahi puruṣe śabdādayo 'vayavāḥ santi / kiṃca paratantraṃ vyaktaṃ svatantramavyaktaṃ tathā ca pumānapi svatantraḥ / ātmanaḥ prabhavatītyarthaḥ / evametadavyaktapuruṣayoḥ sādharmyaṃ vyākhyātaṃ pūrvasyāmāryāyām / vyaktapradhānayoḥ sādharmyaṃ puruṣasya vaidharmyaṃ ca triguṇamavivekītyādi prakṛtyāryāyāṃ vyākhyātam // 11 //
tatra yaduktaṃ triguṇamiti vyaktamavyaktaṃ ca tat ke te guṇā iti tat svarūpapratipādanāyedamāha /
prītyaprītiviṣādātmakāḥ prakāśapravṛttiniyamārthāḥ /
anyo 'nyābhibhavāśrayajananamithunavṛttayaśca guṇāḥ

prītyātmakā aprītyātmakāḥ viṣādātmakāśca guṇāḥ sattvarajastamāṃsītyarthaḥ / tatra prītyātmakaṃ sattvaṃ prītiḥ sukhaṃ tadātmakamiti / aprītyātmakaṃ rajaḥ / viṣādātmakaṃ tamaḥ / viṣādo mohaḥ / tathā prakāśapravṛtti niyamārthāḥ / arthaḥ śabdaḥ sāmarthyavācī prakāśārthaṃ sattvaṃ prakāśasamarthamityarthaḥ / pravṛttyarthaṃ rajo niyamārthaṃ tamaḥ sthitau samarthamityarthaḥ prakāśakriyāsthitiśīlā guṇā iti / tathānyonyābhibhavāśrayajananamithunavṛttayaśca / anyonyābhibhavāḥ anyonyāśrayāḥ anyonyajananāḥ anyonyamithunāḥ anyonyavṛttayaśca te tathoktāḥ / anyonyābhibhavā iti anyonyaṃ parasparamabhibhavantīti prītyaprītyādibhirdharmmairāvirbhavanti yathā yadā sattvamutkaṭaṃ bhavati tadā rajastamasī aprītipravṛttidharmmeṇa yadā tamastadā sattvarajasī viṣādasthityātmakena iti / tathānyonyāśrayāśca dvyaṇukavadguṇāḥ / anyonyajananāḥ yathā mṛtpiṇḍo ghaṭaṃ janayati / tathānyonyamithunāśca yathā strīpuṃsau anyonyamithunau tathā guṇāḥ / uktaṃ ca /
rajaso mithunaṃ sattvaṃ sattvasya mithunaṃ rajaḥ /
ubhayoḥ sattvarajarormithunaṃ tama ucyate //
parasparasahāyā ityarthaḥ / anyonyavṛttayaśca parasparaṃ varttante guṇāḥ guṇeṣu varttanta iti vacanāt / yathā surūpā suśīlā strī sarvvasukhahetuḥ sapatnīnāṃ saiva duḥkhahetuḥ saiva rāgiṇāṃ mohaṃ janayati eva satvaṃ rajastamasorvṛttiheturyathā rājā sadodyuktaḥ prajāpālane duṣṭanigrahe śiṣṭānāṃ sukhamutpādayati duṣṭānāṃ duḥkhaṃ mohaṃ ca evaṃ rajassattvatamasorvṛttiṃ janayati / tathā tamaḥ svarūpeṇāvaraṇātmakena sattvarajasorvṛttiṃ janayati yathā meghāḥ khamāvṛtya jagataḥ sukhamutpādayanti te vṛṣṭyā karṣukāṇāṃ karṣaṇodyogaṃ janayanti virahiṇāṃ mohamevamanyonyavṛttayo guṇāḥ // 12 //
kiṃcānyat /
sattvaṃ laghu prakāśakamiṣṭamupaṣṭambhakaṃ calaṃ ca rajaḥ /
guru varaṇakameva tamaḥ pradīpavaccārthato vṛttiḥ

sattvaṃ laghu prakāśakaṃ ca yadā sattvamutkaṭaṃ bhavati tadā laghūnyaṅgāni buddhiprakāśaśca prasannatendriyāṇāṃ bhavati / upaṣṭambhakaṃ calaṃ ca rajaḥ upaṣṭambhātītyupaṣṭambhakamudyotakaṃ yathā vṛṣo vṛṣadarśane utkaṭamupaṣṭambhaṃ karoti eva rajovṛttiḥ / tathā rajaśca calaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ rajovṛttiścalacitto bhavati / guru varaṇamekameva tamaḥ yadā tama utkaṭaṃ bhavati tadā gurūṇyaṅgānyāvṛtānīndriyāṇi bhavanti svārthāsamarthāni / atrāha yadi guṇāḥ parasparaṃ viruddhāḥ svamatenaiva kamarthaṃ niṣpādayanti tarhi kathaṃ pradīpavaccārthato vṛttiḥ pradīpena tulyaṃ pradīpavadarthataḥ sādhanā vṛttiriṣṭā yathā pradīpaḥ parasparaviruddhatailāgnivarttisaṃyogādarthaprakāśān janayati evaṃ sattvarajastamāṃsi parasparaṃ viruddhānyarthaṃ niṣpādayanti // 13 //
antarapraśno bhavati triguṇamaviveki viṣaya ityādi pradhānaṃ vyaktaṃ ca vyākhyātaṃ tatra pradhānamupalabhyamānaṃ mahadādi ca triguṇamavivekyādīti ca kathamavagamyate tatrāha /
avivekyādiḥ siddhastraiguṇyāttadviparyayābhāvāt /
kāraṇaguṇātmakatvātkāryasyāvyaktamapi siddham

yo 'yamavivekyādirguṇaḥ sa traiguṇyānmahadādau 'vyaktenāyaṃ siddhyati / atrocyate tadviparyayābhāvāttasya viparyayastadviparyayastasyābhāvastadviparyayābhāvastasmāt siddhamavyaktam / yathā yatraiva tantavastatraiva paṭaḥ / anye tantavo 'nyaḥ paṭo na kutastadviparyayābhāvāt / evaṃ vyaktāvyaktasampanno bhavati dūraṃ pradhānamāsannaṃ vyaktaṃ yo vyaktaṃ paśyati sa pradhānamapi paśyati tadviparyayābhāvāt / itaścāvyaktaṃ siddhaṃ kāraṇaguṇātmakatvāt kāryasya / loke yadātmakaṃ kāraṇaṃ tadātmakaṃ kāryamapi tathā kṛṣṇebhyastantubhyaḥ kṛṣṇa eva paṭo bhavati / evaṃ mahadādiliṅgamavivekiviṣayaḥ sāmānyacetanaṃ prasavadharmi yadātmakaṃ liṅgaṃ tadātmakamavyaktamapi siddham // 14 //
traiguṇyādavivekyādirvyakte siddhastadviparyayābhāvāt / evaṃ kāraṇaguṇātmakatvāt kāryasyāvyaktamapi siddhamityetanmithyā loke yannopalabhyate tannāsti evaṃ pradhānamapyasti kiṃ tu nopalabhyate /
bhedānāṃ parimāṇātsamanvayācchaktitaḥ pravṛtteśca /
kāraṇakāryavibhāgādavibhāgādvaiśvarūpyasya

kāraṇamastyavyaktamiti kriyākārakasambandhaḥ / bhedānāṃ parimāṇāloke yatra karttāsti tasya parimāṇaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ yathā kulālaḥ parimitairmṛtpiṇḍaiḥ parimitāneva ghaṭān karoti evaṃ mahadapi mahadādiliṅgaṃ parimitaṃ bhedataḥ pradhānakāryamekā buddhireko 'haṃkāraḥ pañca tanmātrāṇi ekādaśendriyāṇi pañcatanmātrāṇi ekādaśendriyāṇi pañcamahābhūtānītyevaṃ bhedānāṃ parimāṇādasti pradhānaṃ kāraṇaṃ yadvyaktaṃ parimitamutpādayati /yadi pradhānaṃ na syāttadā niḥparimāṇamidaṃ vyaktamapi na syāt parimāṇācca bhedānāmasti pradhānaṃ yasmādvyaktamutpannam / tathā samanvayādiha loke prasiddhirdṛṣṭā yathā vratadhāriṇaṃ baṭuṃ dṛṣṭvā samanvayati nūnamasya pitarau brāhmaṇāviti evamidaṃ triguṇaṃ mahadādiliṅgaṃ dṛṣṭvā sādhayāmo 'sya yat kāraṇaṃ bhaviṣyatīti ataḥ samanvayādasti pradhānam / tathā śaktitaḥ pravṛtteśca iha yo yasmin śaktaḥ sa tasminnevārthe pravarttate yathā kulālo ghaṭāsya karaṇe samartho ghaṭameva karoti na paṭaṃ rathaṃ vā / tathāsti pradhānaṃ kāraṇaṃ kutaḥ kāraṇakāryavibhāgāt / karotīti kāraṇam / kriyata iti kāryam / kāraṇasya kāryasya ca vibhāgo yathā ghaṭo dadhimadhūdakapayasāṃ dhāraṇe samartho na tathā taktāraṇaṃ mṛtpiṇḍaḥ / mṛtpiṇḍo vā ghaṭaṃ niṣpādayati na caivaṃ ghaṭo mṛtpiṇḍam / evaṃ mahadādiliṅgaṃ dṛṣṭvānumīyate / asti vibhaktaṃ tat kāraṇaṃ yasya vibhāga idaṃ vyaktamiti / itaśca avibhāgādvaiśvarūpasya viśvaṃ jagat tasya rūpaṃ vyaktiḥ / viśvarūpasya bhāvo vaiśvarūpaṃ tasyāvibhāgādasti pradhānaṃ yasmātrailokyasya pañcānāṃ pṛthivyādīnāṃ mahābhūtānāṃ parasparaṃ vibhāgo nāsti mahābhūteṣvantarbhūtāstrayo lokā iti pṛthivyāpastejovāyurākāśamiti etāni pañcamahābhūtāni pralayakāle sṛṣṭikrameṇaivāvibhāgaṃ yānti tanmātreṣu pariṇāmiṣu tanmātrāṇyekādaśendriyāṇi cāhaṃkāre ahaṃkāro buddhau buddhiḥ pradhāne evaṃ trayo lokāḥ pralayakāle prakṛtāvavibhāgaṃ gacchanti tasmādavibhāgāt kṣīradadhivadvyaktāvyaktayoravyaktaṃ kāraṇam // 15 //
ataśca /
kāraṇamastyavyaktaṃ pravartate triguṇataḥ samudayācca /
pariṇāmataḥ salilavatpratipratiguṇāśrayaviśeṣāt

avyaktaṃ prakhyātaṃ kāraṇamasti yasmānmahadādiliṅgaṃ pravarttate / triguṇataḥ triguṇāt sattvarajastamoguṇā yasmiṃstattriguṇaṃ tatkimuktaṃ bhavati sattvarajastamasāṃ sāmyāvasthā pradhānam / tathā samudayāt yathā gaṃgāśrotāṃsi triṇī rudramūrddhani patitāni ekaṃ sroto janayati evaṃ triguṇamavyaktamekaṃ vyaktaṃ janayati tathā vā tantavaḥ samuditāḥ paṭaṃ janayanti evamavyaktaṃ gunasamudayānmahadādi janayatīti triguṇataḥ samudayācca vyaktaṃ jagat pravarttate / yasmādekasmāt pradhānādvyaktaṃ tasmādekarūpeṇa bhavitavyam / naiṣa doṣaḥ pariṇāmataḥ salilavat pratipratiguṇāśrayaviśeṣādekasmāt pradhānāt trayo lokāḥ samutpannāstulyabhāvā na bhavanti devāḥ sukhena yuktā manuṣyā duḥkhena tiryañco mohena ekasmāt pradhānāt pravṛttaṃ vyaktaṃ pratipratiguṇāśrayaviśeṣāt pariṇamātaḥ salilavadbhavati / pratipratīti vīpsā / guṇānāmāśrayo guṇāśrayastadviśeṣastaṃ guṇāśrayaviśeṣaṃ pratinidhāya pratipratiguṇāśrayaviśeṣaṃ pariṇāmāt pravarttate vyaktaṃ yathā ākāśādekarasaṃ salilaṃ patitaṃ nānārūpātsaṃśleṣādbhidyate tadrasāntarairevamekasmāt pradhānāt pravṛttāstrayo lokā naikasvabhāvā bhavanti deveṣu sattvamutkaṭaṃ rajastamasī udāsīne tena te 'tyantasukhino manuṣyeṣu raja utkaṭaṃ bhavati sattvatamasī udāsīne tena te 'tyantaduḥkhino tiryakṣu tama utkaṭaṃ bhavati sattvajasī udāsīne tena te 'tyantamūḍhāḥ // 16 //
evamāryādvayena pradhānasyāstitvamabhyupagamyate / itaścottaraṃ puruṣāstitvapratipādanārthamāha /
saṅghātaparārthatvāttriguṇādiviparyayādadhiṣṭhānāt /
puruṣo 'sti bhoktṛbhāvātkaivalyārthapravṛtteśca

yaduktaṃ vyaktāvyaktavijñānānmokṣaḥ prāpyata iti tatra vyaktādanantaramavyaktaṃ pañcabhiḥ kāraṇairadhigatamavyaktavat puruṣo 'pi sūkṣmastasyādhunānumitāstitvaṃ pratikriyate / asti puruṣaḥ kasmāt saṃghātaparārthatvāt / yo 'yaṃ mahadādi saṃghātaḥ sa puruṣārtha ityanumīyate acetanatvāt paryaṅgavat / yathā paryaṅka pratyekaṃ gātrotpalakapādavaṭatūlīprachādanapaṭopadhānasaṃghataḥ parārtho nahi svārthaḥ paryaṅkasya nahi kiñcidapi gātrotpalādyavayavānāṃ parasparaṃ kṛtyamasti / ato 'vagamyate 'sti puruṣo yaḥ paryaṅke śete yasyārthaṃ paryaṅkastatparārthamidaṃ śarīraṃ pañcānāṃ mahābhūtānāṃ saṃghāto varttate 'sti puruṣo yasyedaṃ bhogyaśarīraṃ bhogyaṃ mahadādisaṃghātarūpaṃ samutpannamiti / itaścātmāsti triguṇādiviparyayāt yaduktaṃ pūrvasyāmāryāyāṃ trigunamavivekiviṣaya ityādi / tasmādviparyayādyenoktaṃ tadviparītastathā pumān / adhiṣṭhānādyatheha laṃghanalpavanadhāvanasamarthairaśvairyukto rathaḥ sārathinādhiṣṭhitaḥ pravarttate tathātmādhiṣṭhānāccharīramiti / tathā coktaṃ ṣaṣṭhitantre puruṣādhiṣṭhitaṃ pradhānaṃ pravarttate / ato 'styātmābhoktṛtvāt / yathā madhurāmlalavaṇakaṭutiktakaṣāyaṣaḍrasopabṛṃhitsya saṃyktasyānnasya sādhyate evaṃ mahadādiliṅgasya bhoktṛtvābhāvādasti sa ātmā yasyedaṃ bhogyaṃ śarīramti / itaśca kaivalyārthama pravṛtteśca kevalasya bhāvaḥ kaivalyaṃ tannimitaṃ yā ca pravṛttistasyāḥ svakaivalyārthaṃ pravṛtteḥ sakāśādanumīyate astyātmeti yato sarvo vidvānavidvāṃśca saṃsārasantānakṣayamicchati / evamebhirhetubhirastyātmā śarīrādvyatiriktaḥ // 17 //
atha sa kimekaha sarvaśarīre 'dhiṣṭhātā maṇirasanātmakasūtravat āhosvidbahava ātmānaḥ pratiśarīramadhiṣṭhātāra ityatrocyate /
janmamaraṇakaraṇānāṃ pratiniyamādayugapatpravṛtteśca /
puruṣabahutvaṃ siddhaṃ traiguṇyaviparyayāccaiva

janma ca maraṇaṃ ca karaṇāni ca janmamaraṇakaraṇāni teṣāṃ pratiniyamāt pratyekaniyamādityarthaḥ / yadyeka eva ātmā syāttata ekasya janmani sarva eva jāyeran ekasya maraṇe sarve 'pi mriyeran ekasya karaṇavaikalye bādhiryāndhamūkatvakuṇatvakhaṃjatvalakṣaṇe sarve 'pi badhirāndhakuṇikhaṃjāḥ syurna caivaṃ bhavati tasmājjanmamaraṇakaraṇānāṃ pratiniyamāt puruṣabahutvaṃ siddham / itaścāyugapat pravṛtteśca yugapadekakālaṃ na yugapadayugapat pravarttanaṃ yasmādayugapaddharmādiṣu pravṛttirdṛśyate eke dharme pravṛttā anye 'dharme vairāgye 'nye jñāne 'nye pravṛttāḥ tasmādayugapat pravṛtteśca bahava iti siddham / kiñcānyattraiguṇyāviparyayāccaiva triguṇabhāvaviparyayācca puruṣabahutvaṃ siddham / yathā sāmānye janmani ekaḥ sāttvikaḥ sukhī / anyo rājaso duḥkhī / anyastāmaso mohavān / evaṃ traiguṇyaviparyayādbahutvaṃ siddhamiti // 18 //
akarttā puruṣa ityetaducyate /
tasmācca viparyāsātsiddhaṃ sākṣitvamasya puruṣasya /
kaivalyaṃ mādhyasthyaṃ draṣṭṛtvamakartṛbhāvaśca

tasmācca viparyāsāttasmācca yathoktatraiguṇyaviparyāsādviparyayānnirguṇaḥ puruṣo vivekī bhoktetyādiguṇānāṃ puruṣasya yo viparyāsa uktastasmāt sattvarajastamaḥsu karttṛbhūteṣu sākṣitvaṃ siddhaṃ puruṣasyeti yo 'yamadhikṛto bahutvaṃ prati / guṇā eva karttāraḥ pravarttante sākṣī na pravattate nāpi nivarttata eva / kiṃcānyat kaivalyaṃ kevalabhāvaḥ kaivalyamanyatvamityarthaḥ / triguṇebhyaḥ kevalaḥ / anyanmādhyasthyaṃ madhyasthabhāvaḥ parivrājakavat madhyasthaḥ puruṣaḥ / yathā kaścit parivrājako grāmīṇeṣu karṣaṇārtheṣu pravṛtteṣu kevalo madhyasthaḥ puruṣo 'pyevaṃ guṇeṣu varttamāneṣu na pravarttate / tasmāddraṣṭṛtvamakarttṛbhāvāśca yasmānmadhyasthastasmāddraṣṭā tasmādakarttā puruṣasteṣāṃ karmaṇāmiti sattvarajastamāṃsi trayo guṇāḥ karmakarttṛbhāvena pravarttante na puruṣa evaṃ puruṣasyāstitvaṃ ca siddham / yasmātkarttā puruṣastatkathamadhyavasāyaṃ karoti dharmaṃ kariṣyāmyadharmaṃ na kariṣyāmītyataḥ karttā bhavati na ca karttā puruṣa evamubhayātra doṣaḥ syāditi // 19 //
ata ucyate /
tasmāttatsaṃyogādacetanaṃ cetanāvadiva liṅgam /
guṇakartṛtve 'pi tathā karteva bhavatyudāsīnaḥ