Scripture Library

Prashna Upanishad (with commentary) · Chapter 4

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utpattiṃ paramātmanaḥ prāṇasyāyatimāgamanaṃ manokṛtenāsmin śarīre sthānaṃ sthitiṃ ca pāyūpasthādisthāneṣu vibhutvaṃ ca svāmyameva samrāḍiva prāṇavṛttibhedānāṃ pañcadhā sthāpanaṃ bāhyamādityādirūpeṇa adhyātmaṃ caiva cakṣurādyākāreṇa avasthānaṃ vijñāyaivaṃ prāṇamamṛtam aśnuta iti vijñāyāmṛtamaśnuta iti dvirvacanaṃ praśnārthaparisamāptyartham //12//
iti tṛtīyaḥ praśnaḥ
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caturthaḥ praśnaḥ
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atha hainaṃ sauryāyaṇī gārgyaḥ papraccha |
bhagavann etasmin puruṣe kāni svapanti |
kāny asmiñ jāgrati |
katara eṣa devaḥ svapnān paśyati |
kasyaitat sukhaṃ bhavati |
kasmin nu sarve saṃpratiṣṭhitā bhavantīti

4.2

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atha hainaṃ sauryāyaṇī gārgyaḥ papraccha /
praśnatrayeṇāparavidyāgocaraṃ sarvaṃ parisamāpya saṃsāraṃ vyākṛtaviṣayaṃ sādhyasādhanalakṣaṇamanityam;athedānīmasādhyasādhanalakṣaṇamaprāṇamamanogocaramatīndriyaviṣayaṃ śivaṃ śāntamavikṛtamakṣaraṃ satyaṃ paravidyāgamyaṃ puruṣākhyaṃ sabāhyābhyantaramajaṃ vaktavyamityuttaraṃ praśnatrayamārabhyate /
tatra sudīptādivāgreryasmāt parādakṣarātsarve bhāvā visphuliṅgā iva jāyante tatra caivāpiyanti ityuktaṃ dvitīye muṇḍake;ke te sarve bhāvā akṣarādvibhajyante?kathaṃ vā vibhaktāḥ santastatraiva apiyanti?kiṃ lakṣaṇaṃ vā tadakṣaramiti?etadvivakṣayādhunā praśnān udbhāvayati -
bhagavannetasminpuruṣo śiraḥ pāṇyādimati kāni karaṇāni svapanti svāpaṃ kurvanti svavyāpārāduparamante?kāni cāsmin jāgrati jāgaraṇamanidrāvasthāṃ svavyāpāraṃ kurvanti kataraḥ kāryakaraṇa lakṣaṇayoreṣa devaḥ svapnānpaśyati?svapno nāma jāgraddarśanānnivṛttasya jāgradvadantaḥśarīre yaddarśanam /
tatkiṃ kāryalakṣaṇena devena nirvartyante kiṃ vā karaṇalakṣaṇena kenacidityabhiprāyaḥ /
uparate ca jāgratsvapnavyāpāre yatprasannaṃ nirāyāsalakṣaṇamanābādhaṃ sukhaṃ kasyaitadbhavati /
tasminkāle jāgratsvapnavyāpārād uparatāḥ santaḥ kasminnu sarve samyagekībhūtāḥ saṃpratiṣṭhitāḥ /
madhuni rasavatsamudrapraviṣṭanadyādivacca vivekānarhāḥ pratiṣṭhitā bhavanti saṃgatāḥ saṃpratiṣṭhitā bhavantītyarthaḥ /
nanu nyastadātrādikaraṇāt svavyāpārāduparatāni pṛthakpṛthageva svātmanyavatiṣṭhanta ityetadyuktam /
kutaḥ prāptiḥ suṣuptapuruṣāṇāṃ karaṇānāṃ kasmiṃścidekībhāvagamanāśaṅkāyāḥ praṣṭuḥ /
yuktaiva tvāśaṅkā /
yataḥ saṃhatāni karaṇāni svābhyarthāni paratantrāṇi ca jāgradviṣaye tasmāt svāpe 'pi saṃhatānāṃ pāratantryeṇaiva kasmiṃścitsaṃtirnyāyyeti tasmād āśaṅkānurūpa eva praśno 'yam /
atra tu kāryakaraṇasaṃghāto yasmiṃśca pralīnaḥ suṣuptapralayakālayostadviśeṣaṃ bubhutsoḥ sa ko nu syāditi kasminsarve saṃpratiṣṭhitā bhavantīti //1//
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tasmai sa hovāca |
yathā gārgya marīcayo'rkasyās taṃ gacchataḥ sarvā etasmiṃs tejomaṇḍala ekībhavanti |
tāḥ punaḥ punar udayataḥ pracaranti |
evaṃ ha vai tat sarvaṃ pare deve manasy ekībhavati |
tena tarhy eṣa puruṣo na śṛṇoti |
na paśyati |
na jighrati |
na rasayate |
na spṛśate |
nābhivadate |
nādatte |
nānandayate |
na visṛjate |
neyāyate |
svapatīty ācakṣate

4.3

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tasmai sa hovācācāryaḥ - śṛṇu he gārgya yattvayā pṛṣṭam /
yathā marīcayo raśmayor'kasya ādityasyāstamadarśanaṃ gacchataḥ sarvā aśeṣata etasmiṃstejomaṇḍale tejorāśirūpa ekībhavanti vivekānarhatvamaviśeṣatāṃ gacchanti marīcayastasyaivārkasya tāḥ punaḥ punarudayata udgacchataḥ pracaranti vikīryante /
yathāyaṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ, evaṃ ha vai tatsarvaṃ viṣayendriyādijātaṃ pare prakṛṣṭe deve dyotanavati manasi cakṣurādidevānāṃ manastantratvātparo devo manaḥ tasminsvapnakāla ekībhavati /
maṇḍale marīcivadaviśeṣatāṃ gacchati /
jijāgariṣośca raśmimavanmaṇḍalānmanasa eva pracaranti svavyāpārāya pratiṣṭhante /
yasmātsvapnakāle śrotrādīni śabdādyupalabdhikaraṇāni manasi ekībhūtānīva karaṇavyāpārād uparatāni tena tasmāttarhi tasmin svāpakāla eṣa devadattādilakṣaṇaḥ puruṣo na śṛṇoti na paśyati na jighrati na rasayate na spṛśate nābhivadate nādatte nānandayate na visṛjate neyāyate svapitīyācakṣate laukikāḥ //2//
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prāṇāgnaya evaitasmin pure jāgrati |
gārhapatyo ha vā eṣo 'pānaḥ |
vyāno 'nvāhāryapacanaḥ |
yad gārhapatyāt praṇīyate praṇayanāt |
āhavanīyaḥ prāṇaḥ

4.4

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suptatsu śrotrādiṣu karaṇeṣu etasminpure navadvāre dehe prāṇāgnayaḥ prāṇā eva pañca vāyavo 'gnaya ivāgnayo jāgrati /
agnisāmānyaṃ hi āha - gārhapatyo ha vā eṣo 'pānaḥ /
kathamityāha - yasmādgārhapatyādagneragnihotrakāla itaro 'gniḥ āhavanīyaḥ praṇīyate praṇayanāt praṇīyate 'smāditi praṇayano gārhapatyo 'gniḥ /
tathā suptasyāpānavṛtteḥ praṇīyata iva prāṇo mukhanāsikābhyāṃ saṃcaratyata āhavanīyasthānīyaḥ prāṇaḥ /
vyānastu hṛdayād dakṣiṇasuṣiradvāreṇa nirgamāddakṣiṇadiksambandhādanvāhāryapacano dakṣiṇāgniḥ //3//
atra ca hotāgnihotrasya -
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yad ucchvāsaniḥśvāsāvetāvāhutī samaṃ nayatīti sa samānaḥ |
mano ha vāvana yajamānaḥ |
iṣṭaphalam evodānaḥ |
sa enaṃ yajamānam aharaharbrahma gamayati

4.5

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yadyasmāducchvāsaniḥśvāsau agnihotrāhutī iva nityaṃ dvitvasāmānyādeva tvetāvāhutī samaṃ sāmyena śarīrasthitibhāvāya nayati yo vāyuragnisthānīyo 'pi hotā cāhutyornetṛtvāt /
ko 'sau sa samānaḥ /
ataśca viduṣaḥ svāpo 'pyagnihotrahavanameva /
tasmādvidvānnākarmītyevaṃ mantavya ityabhiprāyaḥ /
sarvadā sarvāṇi bhūtāni vicinvantyapi svapata iti hi vājasaneyake /
atra hi jāgrasu prāṇāgniṣu upasaṃhṛtya bāhyakaraṇāni viṣayāṃśca agnihotraphalamiva svarga brahma jigamiṣurmano ha vāva yajamāno jāgarti yajamānavatkāryakaraṇeṣu prādhānyena saṃvyavahārātsvargamiva brahma prati prasthitatvādyajamāno manaḥ kalpyate /
iṣṭaphalaṃ yāgaphalamevodāno vāyuḥ /
udānanimittatvādiṣṭaphalaprāpteḥ /
katham?sa udāno mana ākhyaṃ yajamānaṃ svapnavṛttirūpādapi pracyāvyāharahaḥ suṣuptikāle svargamiva brahmākṣaraṃ gamayati /
ato yāgaphalasthānīya udānaḥ //4//
evaṃ viduṣaḥ śrotrādyuparamakālādārabhya yāvatsuptotthito bhavati tāvatsarvayāgaphalānubhava eva nāviduṣāmivānarthāyeti vidvattā stūyate /
na hi viduṣa eva śrotrādīni svapante prāṇāgnayo vā jāgrati jāgratsvapnayormanaḥ svātantryamanubhavadaharahaḥ suṣuptaṃ vā pratipadyate /
samānaṃ hi sarvaprāṇināṃ paryāyeṇa jāgratsvapnasuṣuptigamanamato vidvattāstutireva iyamupapadyate /
yatpṛṣṭaṃ katara eṣa devaḥ svapnānpaśyatīti tadāha -
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atraiṣa devaḥ svapne mahimānam anubhavati |
yad dṛṣṭaṃ iṣṭam anupaśyati |
śrutaṃ śrutam evārtham anuśṛṇoti |
deśadigantaraiś ca pratyanubhūtaṃ punaḥ punaḥ pratyanubhavati |
dṛṣṭaṃ cādṛṣṭaṃ ca śrutaṃ cāśrutaṃ cānubhūtaṃ cānanubhūtaṃ ca saccāsacca sarvaṃ paśyati |
sarvaḥ paśyati

4.6

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atroparateṣu śrotrādiṣu deharakṣāyai jāgratsu prāṇādivāyuṣu prāksuṣuptipratipatteḥ etasmin antarāla eṣa devor'karaśmivat svātmani saṃhṛtaśrotrādikaraṇaḥ svapne mahimānaṃ vibhūtiṃ viṣayaviṣayilakṣaṇamanekātmabhāvagamanam anubhavati pratipadyate /
nanu mahimānubhavane karaṇaṃ mano 'nubhavitustatkathaṃ svātantryeṇānubhavati ityucyate svatantro hi kṣetrajñaḥ /
naiṣa doṣaḥ kṣetrajñasya svātantrya mana upādhikṛtatvānna hi kṣetrajñaḥ paramārthataḥ svataḥ svapiti jāgarti vā /
mana upādhikṛtameva tasya jāgaraṇaṃ svapnaścetyuktaṃ vājasaneyake"sa hi svapno bhūtvā dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva" (bṛ.u.4 / 3 / 7) ityādi /
tasmānmanaso vibhūtyanubhave svātantryavacanaṃ nyāyyameva /
mana upādhisahitatve svapnakāle kṣetrajñasya svayaṃ jyotiṣṭvaṃ bādhyeteti kecit tanna, śrutyarthāparijñānakṛtā bhrāntiḥ teṣām /
yasmātsvayañjyotiṣṭvādivyavahāro 'pyāmokṣāntaḥ sarvo 'vidyāviṣaya eva mana ādyupādhijanitaḥ /
"yatra vā anyadiva syāttatrānyo 'nyatpaśyet" (bṛ.u.4 / 3 / 32) "mātrāsaṃsargastvasya bhavati" "yatra tvasya sarvamātmaivābhūttatkena kaṃ paśyet" (bṛ.u.2 / 4 / 14) ityādiśrutibhyaḥ /
ato mandabrahmavidāmeveyamāśaṅkā na tu ekātmavidām /
nanvevaṃ sati"atrāyaṃ puruṣaḥ svayañjyotiḥ" (bṛ.u.3 / 3 / 14) iti viśeṣaṇamanarthakaṃ bhavati /
atrocyate atyalpamidamucyate"ya eṣa'ntarhṛdaya ākāśastasmiñśete" (bṛ.u.2 / 1 / 17) ityantarhṛdayaparicchede sutarāṃ svayañjyotiṣṭvaṃ bādhyeta /
satyamevamayaṃ doṣo yadyapi syātsvapne kevalayā svayañjyotiṣṭvenārdhaṃ tāvadapanītaṃ bhārasyeti cet /
na;tatrāpi"purītati śete"(bṛ.u.2 / 1 / 19) iti śruteḥ purītannāḍīsambandhādatrāpi puruṣasya svayañjyotiṣṭvenārdhabhārāpanayābhiprāyo mṛṣaiva /
kathaṃ tarhi"atrāyaṃ puruṣaḥ svayañjyotiḥ"(bṛ.u.4 / 3 / 14) iti /
anyaśākhātvādanapekṣā sā śrutiriti cet /
na athaikatvasyeṣṭatvādeko hyātmā sarvavedāntānāmartho vijijñāpayiṣito bubhutsitaśca /
tasmādyuktā svapna ātmanaḥ svayañjyotiṣṭvopapattirvaktum /
śruteryathārthatattvaprakāśakatvāt /
evaṃ tarhi śṛṇu śrutyarthaṃ hitvā sarvamabhimānaṃ na tvabhimānena varṣaśatenāpi śrutyartho jñātuṃ śakyate sarvaiḥ paṇḍitammanyaiḥ /
yathā - hṛdayākāśe purītati nāḍīṣu ca svapatastatsaṃbandhābhāvāttato vivicya darśayituṃ śakyata ityātmanaḥ svayañjyotiṣṭvaṃ na bādhyate /
evaṃ manasyavidyākāmakarmanimittodbhūtavāsanāvati karmanimittā vāsanāvidyayānyadvastvantaramiva paśyataḥ sarvakāryakaraṇebhyaḥ praviviktasya draṣṭurvāsanābhyo dṛśyarūpābhyo 'nyatvena svayañjyotiṣṭvaṃ sudarpitenāpi tārkikeṇa na vārayituṃ śakyate /
tasmāt sādhūktaṃ manasi pralīneṣu karaṇeṣu apralīne ca manasi manomayaḥ svapnānpaśyatīti /
kathaṃ mahimānamanubhavatītyucyate yanmitraṃ putrādapi vā pūrvaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ tadvāsanāvāsitaḥ putramitrādivāsanāsamudbhūtaṃ putraṃ mitramiva vā vidyayā paśyatītyevaṃ manyate /
tathā śrutamarthaṃ tadvāsanayānuśṛṇotīva /
deśadigantaraiśca deśāntarairdigantaraiśca pratyanubhūtaṃ punaḥ punastatpratyanubhavatīvāvidyayā tathā dṛṣṭaṃ cāsmiñjanmanyadṛṣṭaṃ ca janmāntaradṛṣṭamityarthaḥ, atyantādṛṣṭe vāsanānupapatteḥ, evaṃ śrutaṃ cāśrutaṃ cānubhūtaṃ cāsmiñjanmani kevalena manasā ananubhūtaṃ ca manasaiva janmāntare 'nubhūtamityarthaḥ /
sacca paramārthodakādi, asacca marīcyudakādi /
kiṃ bahunoktaṃ sarvaṃ paśyati sarvaḥ paśyati sarvamanovāsanopādhiḥ sannevaṃ sarvakaraṇātmā manodevaḥ svapnānpaśyati //5//
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sa yadā tejasābhibhūto bhavati |
atraiṣa devaḥ svapnānna paśyati |
atha tadaitasmiñ śarīra etat sukhaṃ bhavati

4.7

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sa yadā manorūpo devo yasminkāle saureṇa pittākhyena tejasā nāḍīśayena sarvatobhi'bhūto bhavati tiraskṛtavāsanādvāro bhavati tathā saha karaṇaiḥ manaso raśmayo hṛdyupasaṃhṛtā bhavanti /
yadā mano dārvagnivadaviśeṣavijñānarūpeṇa kṛsnaṃ śarīraṃ vyāpyavatṣṭate tadā suṣupto bhavati /
atraitasminkāla eṣa mana ākhyo devaḥ svapnānna paśyati darśanadvārasya tejasā /
atha tadaitasmiñśarīra etatsukhaṃ bhavati yadvijñānaṃ nirābādhamaviśeṣeṇa śarīravyāpakaṃ prasannaṃ bhavatītyarthaḥ // 6 // etasminkāle 'vidyākāmakarmanibandhanāni kāryakaraṇāni śāntāni bhavanti /
teṣu śānteṣu ātmasvarūpamupādhibhiranyathā vibhāvyamānamadvayamekaṃ śivaṃ śāntaṃ bhavatītyetāmevāvasthāṃ pṛthivyādyavidyākṛtamātrānupraveśena darśayituṃ dṛṣṭāntamāha -
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sa yathā somya vayāṃsi vāsovṛkṣaṃ saṃpratiṣṭhante |
evaṃ ha vai tat sarvaṃ para ātmani saṃpratiṣṭhate

4.8

4.9

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pṛthivī ca sthūlā pañcaguṇā tatkāraṇā ca pṛthivīmātrā ca gandhatanmātrā, tathāpaścāpomātrā ca, tejaśca tejomātrā ca, vāyuśca vāyumātrā ca, ākāśaścākāśamātrā ca, sthūlāni ca sūkṣmāṇi ca bhūtānītyarthaḥ, tathā cakṣuścendriyaṃ rūpaṃ ca draṣṭavyaṃ ca, śrautraṃ ca śrotavyaṃ ca, ghrāṇaṃ ca ghrātavyaṃ ca, rasaśca rasayitavyaṃ ca, tvakca sparśayitavyaṃ ca, vākca vaktavyaṃ ca, hastau cādātavyaṃ ca, upasthaścānandayitavyaṃ ca, pāyuśca visarjayitavyaṃ ca, pādau ca gantavyaṃ ca, buddhīndriyāṇi karmendriyāṇi tathā coktāni, manaśca pūrvoktaṃ, mantavyaṃ ca tadviṣayaḥ, buddhiśca niścayātmikā, boddhavyaṃ ca tadviṣayaḥ, ahaṅkāraścābhimānalakṣaṇamantaḥkaraṇamahaṅkartavyaṃ ca tadviṣayaḥ, cittaṃ ca cetanāvadantaḥkaraṇam, cetayitavyaṃ ca tadviṣayaḥ, tejaśca tvagindriyavyatirekeṇa prakāśaviśiṣṭā yā tvaktayā nirbhāsyo viṣayo vidyotayitavyam, prāṇaśca sūtraṃ yadācakṣate tena vidhārayitavyaṃ saṃgrathanīyaṃ sarvaṃ hi kāryakaraṇajātaṃ pārārthyena saṃhataṃ nāmarūpātmakametāvadeva //8//
athaḥ paraṃ yadātmarūpaṃ jalasūryakādivadbhoktṛtvakartṛtvena iha anupraviṣṭam -
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eṣa hi draṣṭā spraṣṭā śrotā ghrātā rasayitā mantā boddhā kartā vijñānātmā puruṣaḥ |
sa pare 'kṣara ātmani saṃpratiṣṭhate

4.10

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eṣa hi draṣṭā spraṣṭā śrotā ghrātā rasayitā mantā boddhā kartā vijñānātmā vijñānaṃ vijñāyate 'neneti karaṇabhūtaṃ buddhyādīdaṃ tu vijānātīti vijñānaṃ kartṛkārarūpaṃ tadātmā tatsvabhāvo vijñātṛsvabhāva ityarthaḥ /
puruṣaḥ kāryakaraṇasaṃghātoktopādhipūrṇatvātpuruṣaḥ /
sa ca jalasūryakādipratibimbasya sūryādipraveśavajjagadādhāraśeṣe pare 'kṣi ātmani saṃpratiṣṭhate //9//
tadekatvavidaḥ phalamāha -
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param evākṣaraṃ pratipadyate |
sa yo ha vai tadacchāyam aśarīram alohitaṃ śubhram akṣaraṃ vedayate yas tu somya |
sa sarvaḥ sarvo bhavati |
tad eṣa ślokaḥ

4.11

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paramevākṣaraṃ vakṣyamāṇaviśeṣaṃ pratipadyata ityetaducyate /
sa yo ha vai tatsarvaiṣaṇāvinirmukto 'cchāyaṃ tamovarjitam, aśarīraṃ nāmarūpasarvopādhiśarīravarjitam, alohitaṃ lohitādisarvaguṇavarjitam, yata evamataḥ śubhraṃ śuddham, sarvaviśeṣaṇarahitatvādakṣaram, satyaṃ puruṣākhyam, aprāṇam amanogocaram, śivaṃ śāntaṃ sabāhyābhyantaramajaṃ vedayate vijānāti yastu sarvatyāgī somya sa sarvajño na tena viditaṃ kiñcit sambhavati /
pūrvamavidyayā sarvajña āsītpunarvidyayāvidyāpanaye sarvo bhavati tadā /
tattasminnartha eṣa śloko mantro bhavati uktārthasaṃgrāhakaḥ //10//
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vijñānātmā saha devaiś ca sarvaiḥ prāṇā bhūtāni saṃpratiṣṭhanti yatra /
tad akṣaraṃ vedayate yas tu somya sa sarvajñaḥ sarvam evāviveśeti

Original text: Praśnopaniṣad with the commentary ascribed to Śaṃkara · Data entry members of the Sansknet Project · GRETIL (Göttingen) · CC BY-NC-SA 4.0