Nyāyasūtra with Vātsyāyana's Nyāyabhāṣya (with commentary) · Chapter 11

// iti vātsyāyanaviracite nyāyabhāṣye pañcamādhyāyasya prathamamāhnikaṃ samāptam //
atha nyāyabhāṣyapañcamādhyāyasya dvitīyamāhnikam
********************** NySBh_5,2.1 **********************
vipratipattyapratipattyorvikalpānnigrahasthānabahutvamiti saṃkṣepeṇoktaṃ tadidānīṃ virbhajanīyam|
nigrahasthānāni khalu parājayavastūny aparādhādhikaraṇāni prāyeṇa pratijñādyavayavāśrayāṇi tattvavādinam atattvavādinaṃ cābhisaṃplavante, teṣāṃ vibhāgaḥ---
NyS_5,2.1: pratijñāhāniḥ pratijñāntaraṃ pratijñāvirodhaḥ pratijñāsaṃnyāso hetvantaramarthāntaraṃ nirarthakam avijñātārtham apārthakam aprāptakālaṃ nyūnamadhikaṃ punaruktam ananubhāṣaṇam ajñānam apratibhā vikṣepo matānujñā paryanuyojyopekṣaṇaṃ niranuyojyānuyogopasiddhānto hetvābhāsāśca nigrahasthānāni //
tānīmāni dvāviśatidhā vibhajya lakṣyante

********************** NySBh_5,2.2 **********************
NyS_5,2.2: pratidṛṣṭāntadharmābhyanujñā svadṛṣṭānte pratijñāhāniḥ //
sādhyadharmapratyanīkena dharmeṇa pratyavasthite pratidṛṣṭāntadharmaṃ svadṛṣṭānte 'bhyanujānan pratijñāṃ jahātīti pratijñāhāniḥ, nidarśanam-- 'aindriyakatvādanityaḥ śabdo ghaṭavat' itikṛte. apara āha-- 'dṛṣṭamaindriyakatvaṃ sāmānye nitye kasmānna tathā śabdaḥ ?' iti. ( evam ) pratyavasthite. idamāha-- 'yadyaindriyakaṃ sāmānyaṃ nityam ? kāmaṃ ghaṭo nityostu' iti, sa khalvayaṃ sādhakasya dṛṣṭāntasya nityatvaṃ prasañjayan nigamanāntameva pakṣaṃ jahāti. pakṣaṃ jahat pratijñā jahātītyucyate-- pratijñāśrayatvāt pakṣasyeti

********************** NySBh_5,2.3 **********************
NyS_5,2.3: pratijñātārthapratiṣedhe dharmavikalpāttadarthanirdeśaḥ pratijñāntaram //
pratijñātārthaḥ-- 'anityaḥ śabda aindriyakatvād ghaṭavat' ityukte yo 'sya pratiṣedhaḥ |
pratidṛṣṭāntena hetuvyabhicāraḥ-- 'sāmānyamaindriyakaṃ nityam' iti tasmiṃśca pratijñātārthapratiṣedhe dharmavikalpāditi |
dṛṣṭāntapratidṛṣṭāntayoḥ sādharmyayoge dharmabhedāt |
sāmānyamaindriyakaṃ sarvagatam aindriyakastv asarvagato ghaṭa iti dharmavikalpāt. tadarthaṃ nirdeśa iti sādhyasiddhyartham|
katham ? yathā ghaṭo 'sarvagata evaṃ śabdopyasarvagato ghaṭavadevānitya iti, tatra-- 'anityaḥ śabdaḥ' iti pūrvā pratijñā. 'asarvagataḥ' iti dvitīyā pratijñā pratijñāntaram|
tat kathaṃ nigrahasthānamiti ?, na pratijñāyāḥ sādhanaṃ pratijñāntaraṃ kiṃ tu hetudṛṣṭāntau sādhanaṃ pratijñāyāḥ, tadetad asādhanopādānam anarthakamiti. ānarthakyānnigrahasthānamiti

********************** NySBh_5,2.4 **********************
NyS_5,2.4: pratijñāhetvorvirodhaḥ pratijñāvirodhaḥ //
'guṇavyatiriktaṃ dravyam' iti pratijñā. 'rūpādito 'rthāntarasyānupalabdheḥ' iti hetuḥ. soyaṃ pratijñāhetvorvirodhaḥ|
katham ?, yadi guṇavyatiriktaṃ dravyam ? rūpādibhyo 'rthāntarasyānupalabdheḥ ( iti ) nopapadyate, atha rūpādibhyorthāntarasyānupalabdhiḥ ? guṇavyatiriktaṃ dravyamiti, nopapadyate, guṇavyatiriktaṃ ca dravyaṃ rūpādibhyorthāntarasyānupalabdhiriti virudhyate |
vyāhanyate |
na saṃbhavatīti

********************** NySBh_5,2.5 **********************
NyS_5,2.5: pakṣapratiṣedhe pratijñātārthāpanayanaṃ pratijñāsaṃnyāsaḥ //
'anityaḥ śabda aindriyakatvāt' ityukte paro brūyāt-- 'sāmānyamaindriyakaṃ na cānityamevaṃ śabdopyaindriyako na cānityaḥ' iti. evaṃ pratiṣiddhe pakṣe yadi brūyāt-- 'kaḥ punarāha anityaḥ śabdaḥ (iti) ?' iti. soyaṃ pratijñātārthanihnavaḥ pratijñāsaṃnyāsa iti

********************** NySBh_5,2.6 **********************
NyS_5,2.6: aviśeṣokte hetau pratiṣiddhe viśeṣamicchato hetvantaram //
nidarśanam-- 'ekaprakṛtīdaṃ vyaktam' iti pratijñā. kasmād hetoḥ ? 'ekaprakṛtīnāṃ vikārāṇāṃ parimāṇāt' 'mṛtpūrvakāṇāṃ śarāvādīnāṃ dṛṣṭaṃ parimāṇaṃ yāvān prakṛtervyūho bhavati tāvān vikāraḥ' iti. dṛṣṭaṃ ca prativikāraṃ parimāṇam. asti cedaṃ parimāṇaṃ prativyaktam, tadekaprakṛtīnāṃ vikārāṇāṃ parimāṇāt paśyāmo vyaktamidamekaprakṛtīti|
asya vyabhicāreṇa pratyavasthānam-- nānāprakṛtīnāmekaprakṛtīnāṃ ca vikārāṇāṃ dṛṣṭaṃ parimāṇamiti|
evaṃ pratayavasthite āha-- ekaprakṛtisamanvaye sati śarāvādivikārāṇāṃ parimāṇadarśanāt. sukhaduḥkhamohasamanvitaṃ hīdaṃ vyaktaṃ parimitaṃ gṛhyate. tatra prakṛtyantararūpasamanvayābhāve satyekaprakṛtitvamiti|
tadidamaviśeṣokte hetau pratiṣiddhe viśeṣaṃ bruvato hetvantaraṃ bhavati, sati ca hetvantarabhāve pūrvasya hetorasādhakatvānnigahasthānam, hetvantara vacane sati yadi hetvarthanidarśano dṛṣṭānta upādīyate ? nedaṃ vyaktamekaprakṛti bhavati-- prakṛtyantaropādānāt, atha nopādīyate ?. dṛṣṭānte hetvarthasyānidarśitasya sādhakabhāvānupapatteḥ ānarthakyād hetoranivṛttaṃ nigrahasthānamiti

********************** NySBh_5,2.7 **********************
NyS_5,2.7: prakṛtādarthādapratisaṃbaddhārtham arthāntaram //
yathoktalakṣaṇe pakṣapratipakṣaparigrahe hetutaḥ sādhyasiddhau prakṛtāyāṃ brūyāt-- 'nityaḥ śabdaḥ asparśatvāditi hetuḥ' heturnāma hinoterdhātostuni pratyaye kṛdantapadam. padaṃ ca-- nāmākhyātopasarganipātāḥ, abhidheyasya kriyāntarayogād viśiṣyamāṇarūpaḥ śabdo nāma, kriyākārakasamudāyaḥ. kārakasaṃkhyāviśiṣṭakriyākālayogābhidhāyi ākhyātam. dhātvarthamātraṃ ca kālābhidhānaviśiṣṭam, prayogeṣvarthādabhidyamānarūpā nipātāḥ, upasṛjyamānāḥ kriyāvadyotakā upasargāḥ, ityevamādi. tadarthāntaraṃ veditavyam

********************** NySBh_5,2.8 **********************
NyS_5,2.8: varṇakramanirdeśavad nirarthakam //
yathānityaḥ śabdaḥ kacaṭatapānāṃ jabagaḍadaśatvāt jhabhañghaḍhadhaṣavat' iti, evaṃprakāraṃ nirarthakam-- abhidhānābhidheyabhāvānupapattau arthagaterabhāvād varṇāḥ krameṇa nirdiśyante iti

********************** NySBh_5,2.9 **********************
NyS_5,2.9: pariṣatprativādibhyāṃ trirabhihitamapyavijñātam avijñātārtham //
yad vākyaṃ pariṣadā prativādinā ca trirabhihitamapi na vijñāyate śliṣṭaśabdam apratītaprayogam atidrutoccāritamityevamādinā kāraṇena tadavijñātārtham, avijñātārtham asāmarthyasaṃvaraṇāya prayuktamiti nigrahasthānamiti

********************** NySBh_5,2.10 **********************
NyS_5,2.10: paurvāparyāyogādapratisaṃbaddhārtham apārthakam //
yatrānekasya padasya vākyasya vā paurvāpayeṇānvayayogo nāsti ity asaṃbaddhārthatvaṃ gṛhyate tatsamudāyārthasyāpāyādapārthakaṃ yathā-- 'daśa dāḍimāni. ṣaḍapūpāḥ. kuṇḍamajājinam. palalapiṇḍaḥ. adharaurukametat. kumāryāḥ prāyyaṃ tasyāḥ pitā apratiśīnaḥ' iti

********************** NySBh_5,2.11 **********************
NyS_5,2.11: avayavaviparyāsavacanam aprāptakālam //
pratijñādīnāmakyavānāṃ yathālakṣaṇamarthavaśāt kramaḥ tatrāvayavaviparyāsena vacanam aprāptakālam asaṃbaddhārthaṃ nigrahasthānamiti

********************** NySBh_5,2.12 **********************
NyS_5,2.12: hīnamanyatamenāpyavayavena nyūnam //
pratijñādīnāmavayavānāmanyatamevāpyavayavena hīnaṃ nyūnaṃ nigrahasthānam-- sādhanābhāve sādhyāsiddhiriti

********************** NySBh_5,2.13 **********************
NyS_5,2.13: hetūdāharaṇādhikam adhikam //
ekena kṛtatvādanyatarasyānarthakyamiti, tadetanniyamābhyupagame veditavyamiti

********************** NySBh_5,2.14 **********************
NyS_5,2.14: śabdārthayoḥ punarvacanaṃ punaruktamanyatrānuvādāt //
anyatrānuvādāt śabdapunaruktam arthapunaruktaṃ vā-- 'nityaḥ śabdaḥ nityaḥ śabdaḥ' iti śabdapunaruktam. arthapunaruktam-- 'anityaḥ śabdaḥ. nirodhadharmako dhvānaḥ' iti|
anuvāde tv apunaruktam-- śabdābhyāsādarthaviśeṣopapatteḥ yathā--
"hetvapadeśāt pratijñāyāḥ punarvacanaṃ nigamanam 1-1-39"
iti

********************** NySBh_5,2.15 **********************
NyS_5,2.15: arthādāpannasya svaśabdena punarvacanam //
punaruktamiti prakṛtam, nidarśanam-- 'utpattidharmakatvādanityam'
ityaktvā arthādāpannasya yo 'bhidhāyakaḥ śabdastena
svaśabdena brūyāt-- 'anutpattidharmakaṃ nityam'
iti tacca punaruktaṃ veditavyam-- arthasaṃpratyayārthe
śabdaprayoge pratītaḥ so 'rtho 'rthāpattyeti

********************** NySBh_5,2.16 **********************
NyS_5,2.16: vijñātasya pariṣadā trirabhihitasyāpy apratyuccāraṇam ananubhāṣaṇam //
vijñātasya vākyārthasya pariṣadā prativādinā
trirabhihitasya yad apratyuccāraṇaṃ tad ananubhāṣaṇaṃ
nāma nigrahasthānāmiti, apratyuccārayan kimāśrayaṃ
parapakṣapratiṣedhaṃ brūyāt ?

********************** NySBh_5,2.17 **********************
NyS_5,2.17: avijñātaṃ cājñānam //
vijñātārthasya pariṣadā. prativādinā trirabhihitasya yadavijñāna
tad ajñānaṃ nigrahasthānamiti, ayaṃ khalvavijñāya
kasya pratiṣedhaṃ brūyāditi ?

********************** NySBh_5,2.18 **********************
NyS_5,2.18: uttarasyāpratipattirapratibhā //
parapakṣapratiṣedhaḥ uttaraṃ tad yadā na pratipadyate ? tadā nigṛhīto bhavati

********************** NySBh_5,2.19 **********************
NyS_5,2.19: kāryavyāsaṅgāt kathāvicchedo vikṣepaḥ //
yatra kartavyaṃ vyāsajya kathāṃ vyavacchinatti--
'idaṃ me karaṇīyaṃ vidyate tasminn avasite paścāt kathayiṣyāmīti (tat) vikṣepo nāma nigrahasthānam|
ekanigrahāvasānāyāṃ kathāyāṃ svayameva kathāntaraṃ pratipadyate iti

********************** NySBh_5,2.20 **********************
NyS_5,2.20: svapakṣe doṣābhyupagamāt parapakṣe doṣaprasaṅgo matānujñā //
yaḥ pareṇa coditaṃ doṣaṃ svapakṣe 'bhyupagamya |
anuddhṛtya vadati-- 'bhavatpakṣepi samāno doṣaḥ'
iti. sa svapakṣe doṣābhyupagamāt parapakṣe
doṣaṃ prasañjayan paramatam anujānātīti
matānujñānāma nigrahasthānamāpadyate iti

********************** NySBh_5,2.21 **********************
NyS_5,2.21: nigrahasthānaprāptasyānigrahaḥ paryanuyojyopekṣaṇam //
paryanuyojyo nāma nigrahopapattyā codanīyaḥ. tasyopekṣaṇam = 'nigrahasthānaṃ prāpto 'sīty ananuyogaḥ/
etacca 'kasya parājayaḥ ?' ityanuktayā pariṣadā
vacanīyam-- na khalu nigrahaṃ prāptaḥ svakaupīnaṃ
vivṛṇuyāditi

********************** NySBh_5,2.22 **********************
NyS_5,2.22: anigrahasthāne nigrahasthānābhiyogo niranuyojyānuyogaḥ //
nigrahasthānalakṣaṇasya mithyādhyavasāyād anigrahasthāne
'nigṛhītosīti paraṃ bruvan niravanugojyānuyogād
niranugojyānuyogād nigṛhīto veditavya
iti

********************** NySBh_5,2.23 **********************
NyS_5,2.23: siddhāntamabhyupetyāniyamāt kathāprasaṅgo 'pasiddhāntaḥ //
kasyacidarthasya tathābhāvaṃ pratijñāya pratijñātārthaviparyayāt |
aniyamāt kathāṃ prasañjayato 'pasiddhānto
veditavyo yathā-- 'na sad ātmānaṃ jahāti |
na sato vināśaḥ, nāsad ātmānaṃ labhate = nāsadutpadyate' iti siddhāntamabhyupetya
svapakṣaṃ vyavasthāpayati--ekaprakṛtīdaṃ vyaktam--
vikārāṇāmanvayadarśanāt. mṛdanvitānāṃ
śarāvādīnāṃ dṛṣṭamekaprakṛtitvaṃ tathā cāyaṃ
vyaktabhedaḥ sukhaduḥkhamohasamanvito dṛśyate
tasmāt samanvayadarśanāt sukhādibhirekaprakṛtīdaṃ viśvamiti|
evamuktavān anuyujyate-- atha prakṛtirvikāra
iti kathaṃ lakṣitavyam ? iti, yasyāvasthitasya
dharmāntaranivṛttau dharmāntaraṃ pravartate sā
prakṛtiḥ. yacca dharmāntaraṃ pravartate sa vikāra
iti|
so 'yaṃ pratijñātārthaviparyayāt |
aniyamāt kathāṃ prasañjayati |
pratijñātaṃ khalvanena-- nāsadāvirbhavati na
sattiro bhavatīti|
sadasatośca tirobhāvāvirbhāvam antareṇa
na kasyacit pravṛttiḥ pravṛttyuparamaśca bhavati,
mṛdi khalvasthitāyāṃ bhaviṣyati śarāvādilakṣaṇaṃ
dharmāntaramiti pravṛttirbhavati. abhūditi
ca pravṛttyuparamaḥ. tadetad mṛddharmāṇāmapi
na syāt, evaṃ pratyavasthito yadi sataścātmahānam asataścātmalābhamabhyupaiti ? tadasyāpasiddhānto nigrahasthānaṃ bhavati,
atha nābhyupaiti ? prakṣo 'sya na sidhyati

********************** NySBh_5,2.24 **********************
NyS_5,2.24: hetvābhāsāśca yathoktāḥ //
hetvābhāsāśca nigrahasthānāni |
kiṃ punarlakṣaṇāntarayogād hetvābhāsā
nigrahasthānatvamāpannāḥ yathā pramāṇāni prameyatvam ? ityata āha-- yathoktā iti |
hetvābhāsalakṣaṇenaiva nigrahasthānabhāva
iti|
te ime pramāṇādayaḥ padārthā uddiṣṭā
lakṣitāḥ parīkṣitāśceti