Nirukta · Chapter 1

samāmnāyaḥ.samāmnātaḥ.sa.vyākhyātavyaḥ
tam.imam.samāmnāyam.nighaṇṭava.ity.ācakṣate
nighaṇṭavaḥ.kasmān.nigamā.ime.bhavanti
chandobhyaḥ.samāhṛtya.samāhṛtya.(samāhatya.ṛ).samāmnātāḥ
te.nigantava.eva.santo.nigamanān.nighaṇṭava.ucyanta.ity.aupamanyavaḥ
api.vā.hananād.eva.syuḥ.samāhatā.bhavanti
yad.vā.samāhṛtā.bhavanti
tad.yāny.[etāni.Bh].catvāri.pada.jātāni.nāma.ākhyāte.ca.upasarga.nipātāś.ca.tāni.imāni.bhavanti
tatra.etan.nāma.ākhyātayor.lakṣaṇam.pradiśanti
bhāva.pradhānam.ākhyātam.sattva.pradhānāni.nāmāni
tad.yatra.ubhe.bhāva.pradhāne.bhavataḥ
pūrva.aparī.bhūtam.bhāvam.ākhyātena.ācaṣṭe.vrajati.pacati.iti
upakrama.prabhṛty.apavarga.paryantam.mūrtam.sattva.bhūtam.sattva.nāmabhir.vrajyā.paktir.iti
ada.iti.sattvānām.upadeśo.gaur.aśvaḥ.puruṣo.hastī.iti
bhavati.iti.bhāvasya.āste.śete.vrajati.tiṣṭhati.iti
indriya.nityam.vacanam.audumbarāyaṇaḥ

tatra.catuṣṭvam.na.upapadyate
ayugapad.(yugapad.Bh).utpannānām.vā.śabdānām.itaretara.upadeśaḥ.śāstra.kṛto.yogaś.ca
vyāptimattvāt.tu.śabdasya.aṇīyastvāc.ca.śabdena.sañjñā.karaṇam.vyavahāra.artham.loke
teṣām.manuṣyavad.devatā.abhidhānam
puruṣa.vidyā.anityatvāt.karma.sampattir.mantro.vede
ṣaḍ.bhāva.vikārā.bhavanti.iti.vārṣyāyaṇir
jāyate.asti.vipariṇamate.vardhate.apakṣīyate.vinaśyati.iti
jāyata.iti.pūrva.bhāvasya.ādim.ācaṣṭe.na.apara.bhāvam.ācaṣṭe.na.pratiṣedhati
asti.ity.utpannasya.sattvasya.avadhāraṇam
vipariṇamata.ity.apracyavamānasya.tattvād.vikāram
vardhata.iti.sva.aṅga.abhyuccayam.sāmyaugikānām.vā.arthānām
vardhate.vijayena.iti.vā.vardhate.śarīreṇa.iti.vā
apakṣīyata.ity.etena.eva.vyākhyātaḥ.pratilomam
vinaśyati.ity.apara.bhāvasya.ādim.ācaṣṭe.na.pūrva.bhāvam.ācaṣṭe.na.pratiṣedhati

ato.anye.bhāva.vikārā.eteṣām.eva.vikārā.bhavanti.iti.ha.sma.āha.te.yathā.vacanam.abhyūhitavyāḥ
na.nirbaddhā.upasargā.arthān.nirāhur.iti.śākaṭāyanaḥ
nāma.ākhyātayos.tu.karma.upasamyoga.dyotakā.bhavanty
ucca.avacāḥ.pada.arthā.bhavanti.iti.gārgyas
tad.ya.eṣu.pada.arthaḥ.prāhur.ime.tam.nāma.ākhyātayor.artha.vikaraṇam
ā.ity.arvāg.arthe.pra.parā.ity.etasya.prātilomyam
abhi.ity.ābhimukhyam.prati.ity.etasya.prātilomyam
ati.su.ity.abhipūjita.arthe.nir.dur.ity.etayoḥ.prātilomyam
ny.ava.iti.vinigraha.arthīyā.ud.ity.etayoḥ.prātilomyam
sam.ity.ekī.bhāvam.vy.apa.ity.etasya.prātilomyam
anv.iti.sādṛśya.apara.bhāvam
api.iti.saṃsargam
upa.ity.upajanam
pari.iti.sarvato.bhāvam
adhi.ity.upari.bhāvam.aiśvaryam.vā
evam.ucca.avacān.arthān.prāhus.ta.upekṣitavyāḥ

atha.nipātā.ucca.avaceṣv.artheṣu.nipatanti
apy.upamā.arthe.api.karma.upasaṃgraha.arthe.api.pada.pūraṇāḥ
teṣām.ete.catvāra.upamā.arthe.bhavanti
iva.iti.bhāṣāyāṃś.ca.anvadhyāyaṃś.ca
``.agnir.iva.''.(ṛV.X,84,2;.106,3).``.indra.iva.''.(ṛV.X,84,5;.166,2;.173,2).iti
na.iti.pratiṣedha.arthīyo.bhāṣāyām.ubhayam.anvadhyāyam
``.na.indram.devam.amaṃsata.''.(ṛV.X,86,1).iti.pratiṣedha.arthīyaḥ
purastād.upācāras.tasya.yat.pratiṣedhati
``.durmadāso.na.surāyām.''.(ṛV.V21,2,12).ity.upamā.arthīya
upariṣṭād.upācāras.tasya.yena.upamimīte
cid.ity.eṣo.aneka.karmā.ācāryaś.cid.idam.brūyād.iti.pūjāyām
ācāryaḥ.kasmād.ācārya.ācāram.grāhayaty.ācinoty.arthān.ācinoti.buddhim.iti.vā
dadhi.cid.ity.upamā.arthe
kulmāṣāṃś.cid.āhara.ity.avakutsite
kulmāṣāḥ.kuleṣu.sīdanti
nu.ity.eṣo.aneka.karmā.idam.nu.kariṣyati.iti.hetv.apadeśaḥ
katham.nu.kariṣyati.ity.anupṛṣṭe.nanv.etad.akārṣīd.iti.ca.atha.apy.upamā.arthe.bhavati
``.vṛkṣasya.nu.te.puru.hūta.vayāḥ.''.(ṛV.V1,24,3)
vṛkṣasya.iva.te.puru.hūta.śākhā
vayāḥ.śākhā.veter.vāta.ayanā.bhavanti
śākhāḥ.khaśayāḥ.śaknoter.vā
atha.yasya.āgamād.artha.pṛthaktvam.aha.vijñāyate.na.tv.auddeśikam.iva.vigraheṇa.pṛthaktvāt.sa.karma.upasaṃgrahaḥ
ca.iti.samuccaya.artha.ubhābhyām.samprayujyate
``.ahaṃś.ca.tvaṃś.ca.vṛtrahan.''.(ṛV.V21,62,11).ity.etasminn.eva.arthe
``.devebhyaś.ca.pitṛbhya.ā.''.(ṛV.X,16,11).iti.ā.kāras
vā.iti.vicāraṇa.arthe
``.hanta.aham.pṛthivīm.imām.ni.dadhāni.iha.vā.iha.vā.''.(ṛV.X,119,9).iti
atha.api.samuccaya.arthe.bhavati

``.vāyur.vā.tvā.manur.vā.tvā.''.(ṭṣ.1,7,7,2;.Kṣ.13,14).iti
aha.iti.ca.ha.iti.ca.vinigraha.arthīyau.pūrvena.samprayujyete
ayam.aha.idam.karotv.ayam.idam.idam.ha.kariṣyati.idam.na.kariṣyati.iti
atha.apy.u.kāra.etasminn.eva.artha.uttareṇa
mṛṣā.ime.vadanti.satyam.u.te.vadanti.iti
atha.api.pada.pūraṇa
``.idam.u.''.(ṛV.1V,51,1).``.tad.u.''.(ṛV.1,62,6)
hi.ity.eṣo.aneka.karmā
idam.hi.kariṣyati.iti.hetu.apadeśe
katham.hi.kariṣyati.ity.anupṛṣṭe
katham.hi.vyākariṣyati.ity.asūyāyām
kila.iti.vidyā.prakarṣa.evam.kila.iti
atha.api.na.nanu.ity.etābhyām.samprayujyate.anupṛṣṭe
na.kila.evam.nanu.kila.evam
mā.iti.pratiṣedhe.mā.kārṣīr.mā.hārṣīr.iti.ca
khalv.iti.ca.khalu.kṛtvā.khalu.kṛtam
atha.api.pada.pūraṇa.evam.khalu.tad.babhūva.iti
śaśvad.iti.vicikitsā.arthīyo.bhāṣāyām
śaśvad.evam.ity.anupṛṣṭe
evam.śaśvad.ity.asvayam.pṛṣṭe
nūnam.iti.vicikitsā.arthīyo.bhāṣāyām
ubhayam.anvadhyāyam.vicikitsā.arthīyaś.ca.pada.pūraṇaś.ca
agastya.indrāya.havir.nirūpya.(nirupya.Bh).marudbhyaḥ.sampraditsām.cakāra
sa.indra.etya.paridevayām.cakre

``.na.nūnam.asti.no.śvaḥ.kas.tad.veda.yad.adbhutam.''.(ṛV.1,170,1)
``.anyasya.cittam.abhisañcareṇyam.uta.adhītam.vi.naśyati.''.(ṛV.1,170,1)
na.nūnam.asty.adyatanam.no.eva.śvastanam
adya.asmin.dyavi
dyur.ity.ahno.nāmadheyam.dyotata.iti.sataḥ
śva.upāśaṃsanīyaḥ.kālaḥ.hyo.hīnaḥ.kālaḥ
``.kas.tad.veda.yad.adbhutam''.kas.tad.veda.yad.abhūtam
idam.api.itarad.adbhutam.abhūtam.iva
``.anyasya.cittam.abhisañcareṇyam''.abhisañcāry.anyo.na.āneyas
cittaṃś.cetateḥ
``.uta.adhītam.vinaśyati''.ity.apy.adhyātam.vinaśyaty.adhyātam.abhipretam
atha.api.pada.pūraṇaḥ

``.nūnam.sā.te.prati.varam.jaritre.duhīyad.indra.dakṣiṇā.maghonī.''.(ṛV.2,11,21)
``.śikṣā.stotṛbhyo.māti.dhagbhago.no.bṛhad.vadema.vidathe.suvīrāḥ.''.(ṛV.2,11,21)
sā.te.prati.dugdhām.varam.janitre
varo.varayitavyo.bhavati
jaritā.garitā
dakṣiṇā.maghonī.maghavatī
magham.iti.dhana.nāmadheyam.maṃhater.dāna.karmaṇaḥ
dakṣiṇā.dakṣateḥ.samardhayati.karmaṇaḥ.vyṛddham.samardhayati.iti
api.vā.pradakṣiṇa.āgamanāt
diśam.abhipretya.dig.hasta.prakṛtir.dākṣino.hastaḥ
dakṣater.utsāha.karmaṇo.dāśater.vā.syāt
hasto.hanter.prāśur.hanane
dehi.stotṛbhyaḥ.kāmān
mā.asmān.atidaṃhīḥ
mā.asmān.atihāya.dāḥ
bhago.no.astu
bṛhad.vadema.sve.vedane
bhago.bhajater
bṛhad.ity.mahato.nāmadheyam.parivṛḷham.(parivṛḍham.Bh).bhavati
vīravantaḥ.kalyāṇa.vīrā.vā
vīro.vīrayaty.amitrān.veter.vā.syād.gati.karmaṇo.vīrayater.vā
sīm.iti.parigraha.arthīyo.vā.pada.pūraṇo.vā
``.pra.sīm.ādityo.asṛjat.''.(ṛV.2,28,4)
prāsṛjad.iti.vā.prāsṛjat.sarvata.iti.vā
``.vi.sīm.ataḥ.suruco.vena.āvaḥ.''.(AV.4,1,1;.5,6,1;.ṣV.1,321;.Vṣ.13,3).iti.ca
vyavṛṇot.sarvata.ādityaḥ
suruca.āditya.raśmayaḥ.surocanāt
api.vā.sīmā.ity.etad.anarthakam.upabandham.ādadīta.pañcamī.karmāṇam
sīmnaḥ.sīmataḥ.sīmāto.maryādātaḥ
sīmā.maryādā.viṣīvyati.deśāv.iti
tva.iti.vinigraha.arthīyam.sarvanāma.anudāttam,.ardhanāma.ity.eke

``.ṛcām.tvaḥ.poṣam.āste.pupuṣvān.gāyatram.tvo.gāyati.śakvarīṣu.''.(ṛV.X,71,11)
``.brahmā.tvo.vadati.jāta.vidyām.yajñasya.mātrām.vi.mimīta.u.tvaḥ.''.(ṛV.X,71,11)
ity.ṛtvik.karmaṇām.viniyogam.ācaṣṭe
ṛcām.ekaḥ.poṣam.āste.pupuṣvān.hotā.ṛg.arcanī
gāyatram.eko.gāyati.śakvarīṣu.udgātā
gāyatram.gāyateḥ.stuti.karmaṇaḥ
śakvarya.ṛcaḥ.śaknoteḥ
``.tad.yad.ābhir.vṛtram.aśakad.hantum.tac.śakvarīṇām.śakvarītvam.''.(KB.23,2;.AB.5,7,3).iti.vijñāyate
brahmā.eko.jāte.jāte.vidyām.vadati
brahmā.sarvavidyaḥ.sarvam.veditum.arhati
brahmā.parivṛḷhaḥ.(parivṛḍhaḥ.Bh).śrutato.brahma.parivṛḷham.(parivṛḍham.Bh).sarvataḥ
yajñasya.mātrām.vimimīta.ekaḥ
adhvaryur.adhvaryur.adhvarayur.adhvaram.yunakty.adhvarasya.netā.adhvaram.kāmayata.iti.vā
api.vā.adhīyāne.yur.upabandhas
adhvara.iti.yajña.nāma.dhvaratir.hiṃsā.karmā.tat.pratiṣedhaḥ
nipāta.ity.eke.tat.katham.anudātta.prakṛti.nāma.syād.dṛṣṭa.vyayam.tu.bhavati
``.uta.tvam.sakhye.sthira.pītam.āhuḥ.''.(ṛV.X,71,5).iti.dvitīyāyām
``.uto.tv.asmai.tanvam.vi.sasre.''.(ṛV.X,71,4).iti.caturthyām
atha.api.prathamā.bahuvacane

``.akṣaṇvantaḥ.karṇavantaḥ.sakhāyo.manojaveṣv.asamā.babhūvuḥ.''.(ṛV.X,71,7)
``.ādaghnāsa.upakakṣāsa.u.tve.hradā.iva.snātvā.u.tve.dadṛśre.''.(ṛV.X,71,7)
akṣimantaḥ.karṇavantaḥ.sakhāyaḥ
akṣi.caster.anakter.ity.āgrāyaṇaḥ
``.tasmād.ete.vyaktatare.iva.bhavataḥ.''.(untraced).iti.ha.vijñāyate
karṇaḥ.kṛṇtater.nikṛtta.dvāro.bhavaty.ṛcchater.ity.āgrāyaṇaḥ
``.ṛcchanti.iva.khe.udagantām''.iti.ha.vijñāyate
manasām.prajaveṣv.asamā.babhūvur.āsya.daghnā.apara.upakakṣa.daghnā.apare
āsyam.asyater.āsyandata.enad.annam.iti.vā
daghnam.daghyateḥ.sravati.karmaṇo.dasyater.vā.syād.vidastataram.bhavati
prasneyā.hradā.iva.eke.dadṛśire.prasneyā.(prasneyā.dadṛśire.Bh).snāna.arhā
hrado.hrādateḥ.śabda.karmaṇo.hlādater.vā.syāc.śītī.bhāva.karmaṇaḥ
atha.api.samuccaya.arthe.bhavati
``.paryāyā.iva.tvad.āśvinam.''.(ṃB.17,4)
āśvinaṃś.ca.paryāyāś.ca.iti
atha.ye.pravṛtte.arthe.amita.akṣareṣu.grantheṣu.vākya.pūraṇā.āgacchanti.pada.pūraṇās.te.mita.akṣareṣv.anarthakāḥ.kam.īm.id.v.iti

``.niṣṭvaktrāsaś.cid.in.naro.bhūri.tokā.vṛkād.iva.''.(untraced)
``.bibhyasyanto.vavāśire.śiśiram.jīvanāya.kam.''.(untraced)
śiśiram.jīvanāya.śiśiram.śṛṇāteḥ.śamnāter.vā
``.ā.īm.enam.sṛjatā.sute.''.(ṛV.1,9,2)
āsṛjata.enam.sute
``.tam.id.vardhantu.no.giraḥ.''.(ṛV.V21,92,21;.1X,61,14)
tam.vardhayantu.no.giraḥ.stutayaḥ.giro.gṛṇāteḥ
``.ayam.u.te.samatasi.''.(ṛV.1,30,4)
ayam.te.samatasi
ivo.api.dṛśyate.su.vidur.iva.su.vijñāyete.iva
atha.api.na.ity.eṣa.id.ity.etena.samprayujyate.paribhaye

``.havirbhir.eke.svaritaḥ.sacante.sunvanta.eke.savaneṣu.somān.''.(ṛVKH.10,106,1)
``.śacīr.madanta.uta.dakṣiṇābhir.na.ij.jihmāyantyo.narakam.patāma.''.(ṛVKH.10,106,1)
narakam.nyarakam.nīcair.gamanam.na.asmin.ramaṇam.sthānam.alpam.apy.asti.iti.vā
atha.api.na.ca.ity.eṣa.id.ity.etena.samprayujyate.anupṛṣṭe.na.ca.it.surām.pibanti.iti
surā.sunoteḥ
evam.ucca.avaceṣv.artheṣv.nipatanti.ta.upekṣitavyāḥ

iti.imāni.catvāri.pada.jātāny.anukrāntāni.nāma.ākhyāte.ca.upasarga.nipātāś.ca
tatra.nāmāny.ākhyātajāni.iti.śākaṭāyano.nairukta.samayaś.ca
na.sarvāṇi.iti.gārgyo.vaiyākaraṇānāṃś.ca.eke
tad.yatra.svara.saṃskārau.samarthau.prādeśikena.vikāreṇa.(gunena.Bh).anvitau.syātām
saṃvijñātāni.tāni.yathā.gaur.aśvaḥ.puruṣo.hastī.iti
atha.cet.sarvāṇy.ākhyātajāni.nāmāni.syuḥ
yaḥ.kaś.ca.tat.karma.kuryāt.sarvam.tat.sattvam.tathā.ācakṣīran
yaḥ.kaś.ca.adhvānam.aśnuvīta.aśvaḥ.sa.vacanīyaḥ.syāt
yat.kiṃcit.tṛndyāt.tṛṇam.tad
atha.api.cet.sarvāṇy.ākhyātajāni.nāmāni.syuḥ
yāvadbhir.bhāvaiḥ.samprayujyeta.tāvadbhyo.nāmadheya.pratilambhaḥ.syāt
tatra.evam.sthūṇā.dara.śayā.vā.sañjanī.ca.syāt

atha.api.ya.eṣām.nyāyavān.kārmanāmikaḥ.saṃskāraḥ
yathā.ca.api.pratīta.arthāni.syus.tathā.enāny.ācakṣīran
puruṣam.puriśaya.ity.ācakṣīran.aṣṭā.ity.aśvam.tardanam.iti.tṛṇam
atha.api.niṣpanne.abhivyāhāre.abhivicārayanti
prathanāt.pṛthivī.ity.āhuḥ.ka.enām.aprathayiṣyat.kim.ādhāraś.ca.iti
atha.ananvite.arthe.aprādeśike.vikāre.padebhyaḥ.pada.itara.ardhānt.sañcaskāra.śākaṭāyanaḥ
eteḥ.kāritaṃś.ca.ya.kāra.ādim.ca.anta.karaṇam.asteḥ.śuddhaṃś.ca.sa.kāra.ādim.ca
atha.api.sattva.pūrvo.bhāva.ity.āhuḥ
aparasmād.bhāvāt.pūrvasya.pradeśo.na.upapadyata.iti
tad.etan.na.upapadyate

yatho.hi.nu.vā.etat
tad.yatra.svara.saṃskārau.samarthau.prādeśikena.vikāreṇa.(guṇena.Bh).anvitau.syātām
sarvam.prādeśikam.ity.evam.saty.anupālambha.eṣa.bhavati
yatho.etad.yaḥ.kaś.ca.tat.karma.kuryāt.sarvam.tat.sattvam.tathā.ācakṣīrann.iti
paśyāmaḥ.samāna.karmaṇām.nāmadheya.pratilambham.ekesām.na.ekesām
yathā.takṣā.parivrājako.jīvano.bhūmija.ity.etena.eva.uttaraḥ.pratyuktaḥ
yatho.etad.yathā.ca.api.pratīta.arthāni.syus.tathā.enāny.ācakṣīrann.iti.1,14:santy.alpa.prayogāḥ.kṛto.apy.aikapadikā.yathā.vratatir.damūnā.jāṭya.āṭṇāro.jāgarūko.darvihomī.iti
yatho.etat.niṣpanne.abhivyāhāre.abhivicārayanti.iti
bhavati.hi.niṣpanne.abhyvyāhāre.yoga.parīṣṭiḥ
prathanāt.pṛthivī.ity.āhuḥ.ka.enām.aprathayiṣyat.kim.ādhāraś.ca.iti
atha.vai.darśanena.pṛthur.aprathitā.ced.apy.anyaiḥ
atha.apy.evam.sarva.eva.dṛṣṭa.pravādā.upālabhyante
yatho.etat.padebhyaḥ.pada.itara.ardhānt.sañcaskāra.iti
yo.ananvite.arthe.sañcaskāra.sa.tena.garhyaḥ.sā.eṣā.puruṣa.garhā.na.śāstra.garhā.iti
yatho.etad.aparasmād.bhāvāt.pūrvasya.pradeśo.na.upapadyata.iti
paśyāmaḥ.pūrva.utpannānām.sattvānām.aparasmād.bhāvān.nāmadheya.pratilambham.ekeṣām.na.ekeṣām.yathā.bilva.ado.lamba.cūḍaka.iti
bilvam.bharaṇād.vā.bhedanād.vā

atha.api.idam.antareṇa.mantreṣv.artha.pratyayo.na.vidyate
artham.apratiyato.na.atyantam.svara.saṃskāra.uddeśaḥ
tad.idam.vidyā.sthānam.vyākaraṇasya.kārtsnyam.sva.artha.sādhakaṃś.ca
yadi.mantra.artha.pratyayāya.anarthakam.bhavati.iti.kautso.anarthakā.hi.mantrāḥ
tad.etena.upekṣitavyam.niyata.vāco.yuktayo.niyata.ānupūrvyā.bhavanti
atha.api.brāhmaṇena.rūpa.sampanna.vidhīyante
``.uru.prasthasva.''.(Vṣ.1,22;.ṭṣ.i-1,8,1;.vi-2,7,3;.Kṣ.1,8;.31,7;.ṃs.i-1,9).iti.prathayati
``.prohāṇi.''.(untraced).iti.prohati
atha.apy.anupapanna.arthā.bhavanti
``.oṣadhe.trāyasva.enam.''.(ṭṣ.i-2,1,1;.3,5,1;.vi-3,3,2;.Kṣ.2,1;.ṃs.i-1,9)
``.svadhite.mā.enam.hiṃsīḥ.''.(Vṣ.4,1;.5,42;.6,15;.ṭṣ.i-2,1,1;.3,5,1;.vi-3,3,2;.Kṣ.2,1;.ṃs.i-2,1;.īi-9,3).ity.āha.hiṃsan
atha.api.vipratiṣiddha.arthā.bhavanti
``.eka.eva.rudro.avatasthe.na.dvitīyaḥ.''.(untraced)
``.asaṅkhyātā.sahasrāṇi.ye.rudrā.adhi.bhūmyām.''.(Vṣ.16,54;.ṃs.ī-9,9)
``.aśatrur.indra.jajñiṣe.''.(ṛV.X,133,2;.ṣV.2,1152)
``.śatam.senā.ajayat.sākam.indraḥ.''.(ṛV.X,103,1;.ṣV.2,1199;.Vṣ.17,33).iti
atha.api.jānantam.sampreṣyati
``.agnaye.samidhyam.ānāya.anu.brūhi.''.(ṭṣ.vi-3,7,1;.ṃs.1,4,11;.ṭB.21,3,7,1;.ṆB.ī-5,2,9).iti
atha.apy.āha.aditiḥ.sarvam.iti
``.aditir.dyaur.aditir.antarikṣam.''.(ṛV.1,89,10).iti
tad.upariṣṭād.vyākhyāsmāmaḥ
atha.apy.avispaṣṭa.arthā.bhavanty
``.amyak.''.(ṛV.1,169,3).``.yādṛśmin.''.(ṛV.V,44,8).``.jārayāyi.''.(ṛV.V1,12,4).``.kāṇukā.''.(ṛV.V21,77,4).iti

arthavantaḥ.śabda.sāmānyāt
``.etad.vai.yajñasya.smṛddham.yad.rūpa.samṛddham.yat.karma.kriyamāṇam.ṛg.yajur.vā.abhivadati.''.(ṅB.2,2,6).iti.ca.brāhmaṇam
``.krīḷantau.putrair.naptṛbhiḥ.''.(ṛV.X,85,42).iti
yatho.etan.niyata.vāco.yuktayo.niyata.ānupūrvyā.bhavanti.iti.laukikeṣv.apy.etad
yathā.indrāgnī.pitāputrāv.iti
yatho.etad.brāhmaṇena.rūpa.sampannā.vidhīyanta.ity.udita.anuvādaḥ.sa.bhavati
yatho.etad.anupapanna.arthā.bhavanti.ity.āmnāya.vacanād.ahiṃsā.pratīyeta
yatho.etad.vipratiṣiddha.arthā.bhavanti.iti.laukikeṣv.apy.etad
yathā.asapatno.ayam.brāhmaṇo.anamitras.rājā.iti
yatho.etat.jānantam.sampreṣyati.iti.jānantam.abhivādayate.jānate.madhu.parkam.prāha.iti
yatho.etad.aditiḥ.sarvam.iti.laukikeṣv.apy.etad
yathā.sarva.rasā.anuprāptāḥ.pānīyam.iti
yatho.etad.avispaṣṭa.arthā.bhavanti.iti.na.eṣa.sthānor.aparādho.yad.enam.andho.na.paśyati.puruṣa.aparādhaḥ.sa.bhavati
yathā.jānapadīṣu.vidyātaḥ.puruṣa.viśeṣo.bhavati.pārovaryavitsu.tu.khalu.veditṛṣu.bhūyovidyaḥ.praśasyo.bhavati

atha.api.idam.antareṇa.pada.vibhāgo.na.vidyate
``avasāya.padvate.rudra.mṛḷe.''.(ṛV.X,169,1).iti
padvad.avasam.gāvaḥ.pathyadanam.avater.gati.arthasya.aso.nāma.karaṇas.tasmān.na.avagṛhṇanti
``ava.sāya.aśvān''.iti
syatir.upasṛṣṭo.vimocane.tasmād.avagṛhṇanti
``dūto.nirṛtyā.idam.ā.jagāma.''.(ṛV.X,165,1).iti
pañcamī.artha.prekṣā.vā.ṣaṣthī.artha.prekṣā.vā.āḥ.kāra.antam
``paro.nirṛtyā.ā.cakṣva.''.(ṛV.X,164,1).iti.caturthī.artha.prekṣā.ai.kāra.antam
paraḥ.samnikarṣaḥ.saṃhitā
pada.prakṛtiḥ.saṃhitā
pada.prakṛtīni.sarva.caraṇānām.pārṣadāni
atha.api.yājñe.daivatena.bahavaḥ.pradeśā.bhavanti.tad.etena.upekṣitavyam
te.ced.brūyur.liṅgajñā.atra.sma.iti
``.indram.na.tvā.śavasā.devatā.vāyum.pṛṇanti.''.(ṛV.V1,4,7;.Vṣ.33,13).iti
vāyu.liṅgaṃś.ca.indra.liṅgaṃś.ca.āgneye.mantre
``.agnir.iva.manyo.tviṣitaḥ.sahasva.''.(ṛV.X,84,2).iti
tathā.agnir.mānyave.mantre
tviṣito.jvalitas.tviṣir.ity.apy.asya.dīpti.nāma.bhavati
atha.api.jñāna.praśaṃsā.bhavaty.ajñāna.nindā.ca

``.sthāṇur.ayam.bhāra.hāraḥ.kila.abhūd.adhītya.vedam.na.vijānāti.yo.artham.''.(untraced)
``.yo.arthajña.it.sakalam.bhadram.aśnute.nākam.eti.jñāna.vidhūta.pāpmā.''.(untraced)
``.yad.gṛhītam.avijñātam.nigadena.eva.śabdyate.''.(untraced)
``.anagnāv.iva.śuṣka.edho.na.taj.jvalati.karhicit.''.(untraced)
sthāṇus.tiṣṭhater.artho.arter.araṇastho.vā

``.uta.tvaḥ.paśyan.na.dadarśa.vācam.uta.tvaḥ.śṛṇvan.na.śṛṇoty.enām.''.(ṛV.X,71,4)
``.uto.tv.asmai.tanvam.vi.sasre.jāyā.iva.patya.uśatī.suvāsāḥ.''.(ṛV.X,71,4)
apy.ekaḥ.paśyan.na.paśyati.vācam.api.ca.śṛṇvan.na.śṛṇoty.enām.ity.avidvāṃsam.āha.ardham
apy.ekasmai.tanvam.vivasra.iti.svam.ātmānam.vivṛṇute
jñānam.prakāśanam.arthasya.āha.anayā.vācā,.upamā.uttamayā.vācā
jāyā.iva.patye.kāmayamānā.suvāsā.ṛtu.kāleṣu.suvāsāḥ.kalyāṇa.vāsāḥ.kāmayamānāḥ
ṛtu.kāleṣu.yathā.sa.enām.paśyati.sa.śṛṇoti.ity.arthajña.praśaṃsā
tasya.uttarā.bhūyase.nirvacanāya
``uta.tvam.sakhye.sthira.pītam.āhur.na.enam.hinvanty.api.vājineṣu.''.(ṛV.X,71,5)
``.adhenvā.carati.māyayā.eṣa.vācam.śuśruvām.aphalām.apuṣpām.''.(ṛV.X,71,5)

apy.ekam.vāc.sakhye.sthira.pītam.āhū.ramamāṇam.vipīta.artham,.deva.sakhye.ramaṇīye.sthāna.iti.vā
vijñāta.artham.yam.na.āpnuvanti.vāc.jñeyeṣu.balavatsv.apy
adhenvā.hy.eṣa.carati.māyayā.vāc.pratirūpayā
na.asmai.kāmān.dugdhe.vāc.dohyān.deva.manuṣya.sthāneṣu.yo.vācam.śrutavān.bhavaty.aphalām.apuṣpām.ity
aphalā.asmā.apuspā.vāg.bhavati.iti.vā
kiṃcit.puṣpa.phalā.iti.vā
artham.vācaḥ.puṣpa.phalam.āha
yājña.daivate.puṣpa.phale.devatā.adhyātme.vā
sākṣāt.kṛta.dharmāṇa.ṛṣayo.babhūvuḥ
te.avarebhyo.asākṣāt.kṛta.dharmabhya.upadeśena.mantrānt.samprāduḥ
upadeśāya.glāyanto.avare.bilma.grahanāya.imam.grantham.samāmnāsiṣur.vedaṃś.ca.veda.aṅgāni.ca
bilmam.bhilmam.bhāsanam.iti.vā
etāvantaḥ.samāna.karmāṇo.dhātavo.dhātur.dadhāteḥ
etāvanty.asya.sattvasya.nāmadheyāni
etāvatām.arthānām.idam.abhidhānam
naighaṇṭukam.idam.devatā.nāma.prādhānyena.idam.iti
tad.yad.anya.devate.mantre.nipatati.naighaṇṭukam.tat
``.aśvam.na.tvā.vāravantam.''.(ṛV,1,27,1;.ṣV.1,17;.2,984)
aśvam.iva.tvā.vālavantam
vālā.daṃśa.vāraṇa.arthā.bhavanti.daṃśo.daśateḥ
``.mṛgo.na.bhīmaḥ.kucaro.giriṣṭhāḥ.''.(ṛV.1,154,2;.X,180,2)
mṛga.iva.bhīmaḥ.kucaro.giriṣṭhāḥ
mṛgo.mārṣṭer.gati.karmaṇaḥ
bhīmo.bibhyaty.asmād.bhīṣmo.apy.etasmād.eva
kucara.iti.carati.karma.kutsitam
atha.ced.devatā.abhidhānam.kva.ayam.na.carati.iti
giriṣṭhā.giri.sthāyī
giriḥ.parvataḥ.samudgīrṇo.bhavati
parvavān.parvataḥ.parva.punaḥ.pṛṇāteḥ.prīṇāter.vā
ardha.māsa.parva.devān.asmin.prīṇanti.iti
tat.prakṛti.itarat.sandhi.sāmānyāt
megha.sthāyī.megho.api.girir.etasmād.eva
tad.yāni.nāmāni.prādhānya.stutīnām.devatānām.tad.daivatam.ity.ācakṣate
tad.upariṣṭād.vyākhyāsyāmaḥ
naighaṇṭukāni.naigamāni.iha.iha