Natya Shastra · Chapter 27

iti bhāratīye nāṭyaśāstre vikṛtivikalpo nāma ṣaḍviṃśo 'dhyāyaḥ
atha saptaviṃśo 'dhyāyaḥ
siddhīnāṃ tu pravakṣyāmi lakṣaṇaṃ nāṭakāśrayam /
yasmātprayogaḥ sarvo 'yaṃ siddhyarthaṃṃ saṃpradarśitaḥ

siddhistu dvividhā jñeyā vāṅmanoṅgasamudbhavā /
daivī ca mānuṣī caiva nānābhāvasamutthitā

daśāṅgā mānuṣī siddhīrdaivī tu dvividhā smṛtā /
nānāsattvāśrayakṛtā vāṅnaipathyaśarīrajā

smitāpahāsinī hāsā sādhvaho kaṣṭameva ca /
prabaddhanādā ca tathā siddhirjñeyātha vāṅmayī

pulakaiśca saromāñcairabhyutthānaistathaiva ca /
celadānāṅgulikṣepaiḥ śārīrī siddhiriṣyate

kiñcicchiṣṭo raso hāsyo nṛtyadbhiryatra yujyate /
smitena sa pratigrāhyaḥ prekṣakairnityameva ca

kiñcidaspaṣṭahāsyaṃ yattathā vacanameva ca /
arthahāsyena tadgrāhyaṃ prekṣakairnityameva hi

vidūṣakocchedakṛtaṃ bhavecchilpakṛtaṃ ca yat /
atihāsyena tadgrāhyaṃ prekṣakairnityameva tu

ahokārastathā kāryo nṛṇāṃ prakṛtisaṃbhavaḥ /
yaddharmapadasaṃyuktaṃ yathātiśayasaṃbhavam

tatra sādhviti yadvākyaṃ prayoktavyaṃ hi sādhakaiḥ /
vismayāviṣṭabhāveṣu praharṣārtheṣu caiva hi

karuṇe 'pi prayoktavyaṃ kaṣṭaṃ śāstrakṛtena tu /
prabaddhanādā ca tathā vismayārtheṣu nityaśaḥ

sādhikṣepeṣu vākyeṣu praspanditatanūruhaiḥ /
kutūhalottarāvedhairbahumānena sādhayet

dīptapradeśaṃ yatkāryaṃ chedyabhedyāhavātmakam /
savidravamathotphullaṃ tathā yuddhaniyuddhajam

prakampitāṃsaśīrṣañca sāśraṃ sotthānameva ca /
tatprekṣakaistu kuśalaissādhyamevaṃ vidhānataḥ

evaṃ sādhayitavyaiṣā tajjñaiḥ siddhistu mānuṣī /
daivikīñca punaḥ siddhiṃ saṃpravakṣyāmi tattvataḥ

yā bhāvātiśayopetā sattvayuktā tathaiva ca /
sā prekṣakaistu kartavyā daivī siddhiḥ prayogataḥ

na śabdo na yatra na kṣobho na cotpātanidarśanam /
saṃpūrṇatā ca raṃgasya daivī siddhistu sā smṛtā

daivī ca mānuṣī caiva siddhireṣā mayoditā /
ata ūrdhvaṃ pravakṣyāmi ghātāndaivasamutthitan

daivātmaparasamutthā trividhā ghātā budhaistu vijñeyā /
autpātikaścaturthaḥ kadācidatha saṃbhavatyeṣu

vātāgnivarṣakuñjarabhujaṅgamaṇḍapanipātāḥ /
kīṭavyālapipīlikapaśupraveśanāśca daivakakṛtā

ghātanataḥ paramahaṃ parayuktān saṃpravakṣyāmi /
[vaivarṇyaṃ cāceṣṭaṃ vibhramitatvaṃ smṛtipramohaśca

anyavacanaṃ ca kāvyaṃ tathāṃgadoṣo vihastatvam /
ete tvātmasamutthā ghātā jñeyā prayogajñaiḥ]

mātsaryāddveṣādvā tatpakṣatvāttathārthabhedatvāt /
ete tu parasamutthā jñeyā ghātā budhairnityam

atihasitaruditavisphoṭitānyathotkṛṣṭanālikāpātāḥ /
gomayaloṣṭapipīlikāvikṣepāścārisaṃbhūtāḥ

autpatikāśca ghātā mattonmattapraveśaliṅgakṛtaḥ /
punarātmasamutthā ye ghātāṃstāṃstān pravakṣyāmi

vailakṣaṇyamaceṣṭitavibhūmikatvaṃ smṛtipramoṣaśca /
anyavacanaṃ ca kāvyaṃ tathārtanādo vihastatvam

atihasitaruditavisvarapipīlikākīṭapaśuvirāvāśca /
mukuṭābharaṇanipātā puṣkarajāḥ kāvyadoṣāśca

atihasitaruditahasitāni siddhairbhāvasya dūṣakāṇi syuḥ /
kīṭapipīlikapātā siddhiṃ sarvātmanā ghnānta

vivasvaramajātatālaṃ varṇasvarasaṃpadā ca parihīṇam /
ajñātasthānalayaṃ svaragatamevaṃvidhaṃ hanyāt

mukuṭābharaṇanipātaḥ prabaddhanādaśca nāśano bhavati /
paśuviśasanaṃ tatha a syādbahuvacanaghnaṃ prayogeṣu

viṣamaṃ mānavihīnaṃ vimārjanaṃ cākulaprahāraṃ ca /
avibhaktagrahamokṣaṃ puṣkaragatamīdṛśaṃ hanti

punarukto hyasamāso vibhaktibhedo visandhayo 'pārthaḥ /
trailiṅgajaśca doṣaḥ pratyakṣaparokṣasaṃmohāḥ

chandovṛttatyāgo gurulāghavasaṅkaro yaterbhedaḥ /
etāni yathā sthūlaṃ ghātasthānāni kāvyasya

jñeyau tu kāvyajātau dvau ghātāvapratikriyau nityam /
prakṛtivyasanasamutthaḥ śeṣodakanālikatvam

apratibhāgaṃ skhalanaṃ visvaramuccāraṇaṃ ca kāvyasya /
asthānabhūṣaṇatvaṃ patanaṃ mukuṭasya vibhraṃśaḥ

vājisyandanakuñjarakharoṣṭraśibikāvimānayānānām /
ārohaṇāvataraṇeṣvanabhijñatvaṃ vihastvam

praharaṇakavacānāmapyayathāgrahaṇaṃ vidhāraṇaṃ cāpi /
amukuṭabhūṣaṇayogaścirapraveśo 'thavā raṅge

ebhiḥ sthānaviśeṣairghātā lakṣyāstu sūribhiḥ kuśalaiḥ /
yūpāgnicayanadarbhastragbhāṇḍaparigrahānmuktvā

siddhyā miśro ghātassarvagataścaikadeśajo vāpi /
nāṭyakuśalaiḥ salekhyā siddhirvā syādvighāto vā

nālekhyo bahudinajaḥ sarvagato 'vyaktalakṣaṇaviśeṣaḥ /
yastvaikadivasajātassa pratyavaro 'pi lekhyassyāt

jarjaramokṣyasyānte siddhermokṣastu nālikāyāstu /
kartavyastviha satataṃ nāṭyajñaiḥ prāśnikairvidhinā

dainye dīnatvamāyānti te nāṭye prekṣakāḥ smṛtāḥ /
ye tuṣṭau tuṣṭimāyānti śoke śokaṃ vrajanti ca

yo 'nyasya mahe mūrdho nāṃdīślokaṃ paṭheddhi devasya /
svavaśena pūrvaraṅge siddherghātaḥ prayogasya

yo deśabhāvarahitaṃ bhāṣākāvyaṃ prayojayedbuddhyā /
tasyāpyabhilekhyaḥ syādghāto deśaḥ prayogajñaiḥ

kaḥ śakto nāṭyavidhau yathāvadupapādanaṃ prayogasya /
kartuṃ vyagramanā vā yathāvaduktaṃ parijñātam

tasmādgambhīrārthāḥ śabdā ye lokavedasaṃsiddhāḥ /
sarvajanena grāhyā yojyā nāṭake vidhivat

na ca kiñcidguṇahīnaṃ doṣaiḥ parivarjitaṃ na cākiñcit /
tasmānnāṭyaprakṛtau doṣā nāṭyārthato grāhyā

na ca nādarastu kāryo naṭena vāgaṅgasattvanepathye /
rasabhāvayośca gīteṣvātodye lokayuktyāṃ ca

evametattu vijñeyaṃ siddhīnāṃ lakṣaṇaṃ budhaiḥ /
ata ūrdhvaṃ pravakṣyāmi prāśnikānāṃ tu lakṣaṇam

cāritrābhijanopetāḥ śāntavṛttāḥ kṛtaśramāḥ /
yaśodharmaparāścaiva madhyasthavayasānvitāḥ

ṣaḍaṅganāṭyakuśalāḥ prabuddhāḥ śucayaḥ samāḥ /
caturātodyakuśalāḥ vṛttajñāstattvadarśinaḥ

deśabhāṣāvidhānajñāḥ kalāśilpaprayojakāḥ /
caturthābhinayopetā rasabhāvavikalpakāḥ

śabdacchandovidhānajñā nānāśāstravicakṣaṇāḥ /
evaṃ vidhāstu kartavyāḥ prāśnikā daśarūpake

avyagrairindriyaiḥ śuddha ūhāpohaviśāradaḥ /
tyaktadoṣonuarāgī ca sa nāṭye prekṣakaḥ smṛtaḥ

na caivete guṇāḥ samyak sarvasmin prekṣake smṛtāḥ /
vijñeyasyāprameyatvātsaṃkīrṇānāṃ ca pārṣadi

yadyasya śilpaṃ nepathyaṃ karmaceṣṭitameva vā /
tattathā tena kāryaṃ tu svakarmaviṣayaṃ prati

nānāśīlāḥ prakṛtayaḥ śīle nāṭyaṃ vinirmitam /
uttamādhamamadhyānāṃ vṛddhabāliśayoṣitām

tuṣyanti taruṇāḥ kāme vidagdhāḥ samayātvite /
artheṣvarthaparāścaiva mokṣe cātha virāgiṇaḥ

śūrāstu vīraraudreṣu niyuddheṣvāhaveṣu ca /
dharmākhyāne purāṇeṣu vṛddhāstuṣyanti nityaśaḥ

na śakyamadhamairjñātumuttamānāṃ viceṣṭitam /
tattvabhāveṣu sarveṣu tuṣyanti satataṃ budhāḥ

bālā mūrkhāḥ striyaścaiva hāsyanaipathyayoḥ sadā /
yastuṣṭo tuṣṭimāyāti śoke śokamupaiti ca

kruddhaḥ krodhe bhaye bhītaḥ sa śreṣṭhaḥ prekṣakaḥ smṛtaḥ /
evaṃ bhāvānukaraṇe yo yasmin praviśennaraḥ

sa tatra prekṣako jñeyo guṇairebhiralaṅkṛtaḥ /
evaṃ hi prekṣakā jñeyāḥ prayoge daśarūpataḥ

saṃgharṣe tu samutpanne prāśnikān saṃnibodhata /
yajñavinnartakaścaiva chandovicchabdavittathā

astraviccitrakṛdveśyā gandharvo rajasevakaḥ /
yajñavidyajñayoge tu nartako 'bhinaye smṛtaḥ

chandovidvṛttabandheṣu śabdavitpāṭhyavistare /
iṣvastravitsauṣṭhave tu nepathye caiva citrakṛt

kāmopacāre veśyā ca gāndharvaḥ svarakarmaṇi /
sevakastūpacāre syādete vai prāśnikāḥ smṛtāḥ

ebhirdṛṣṭāntasaṃyuktairdoṣā vācyāstathā guṇāḥ /
aśāstrajñā vivādeṣu yathā prakṛtikarmataḥ

athaite praśnikā jñeyāḥ kathitā ye mayānaghāḥ /
śāstrajñānādyadā tu syātsaṃgharṣaḥ śāstrasaṃśrayaḥ

śāstraprāmāṇanirmāṇairvyavahāro bhavettadā /
bhartṛniyogādanyo 'nyavigrātspardhayāpi bharatānām

arthapatākā hetossaṃgharṣo nāma saṃbhavati /
teṣāṃ kāryaṃ vyavahāradarśanaṃ pakṣapātaviraheṇa

kṛtvā paṇaṃ patākāṃ vyavahāraḥ sa bhavitavyastu /
sarvairananyamatibhiḥ sukhopaviṣṭaiśca śuddhabhāvaiśca

yairlekhakagamakasahāyāssaha siddhibhirghātāḥ /
nātyāsanairnadūrasaṃsthitaiḥ prekṣakaistu bhavitavyam

teṣāmāsanayogo dvādaśahastasthitaḥ kāryaḥ /
yāni vihitāni pūrvaṃ siddhisthānāni tāni lakṣyāṇi

ghātāśca lakṣaṇīyāḥ prayogato nāṭyayoge tu /
daivādghātasamutthāḥ parotthitā vā budhairnavairlekhyāḥ

ghātā nāṭyasamutthā hyātmasamutthāstu lekhyāḥ syuḥ /
ghātā yasya tvalpāḥ saṃkhyātāḥ siddhayaśca bahulāḥ syuḥ

viditaṃ kṛtvā rājñastasmai deyā patākā hi /
sidhyatiśayātpatākā samasiddhau pārthivājñayā deyā

atha narapatiḥ samaḥ syādubhayorapi sā tadā deyā /
evaṃ vidhijñairyaṣṭavyo vyavahāraḥ samañjasām

svasthacittasukhāsinaiḥ suviśiṣṭairguṇārthibhiḥ /
vimṛśya prekṣakairgrāhyaṃ sarvarāgaparāṅgamukhaiḥ

sādhana dūṣaṇābhāsaḥ prayogasamayāśritaiḥ /
samatvamaṅgamādhuryaṃ pāṭhyaṃ prakṛtayo rasāḥ

vādyaṃ gānaṃ sanepathyametajjñeyaṃ prayatnataḥ /
gītavāditratālena kalāntarakalāsu ca

uadaṅgaṃ kriyate nāṭyaṃ samantāt samamucyate /
aṅgopāṅgasamāyuktaṃ gītatālalayānvitam

gānavādyasamatvaṃ ca tadbudhaiḥ samamucyate /
sanirbhugnamuraḥ kṛtvā caturaśrakrutau karau

grīvāñcitā tathā karyā tvaṅgamādhuryameva ca /
pūrvroktānīha śeṣāṇi yāni dravyāṇi sādhakaiḥ

vadyādīnāṃ punarvuprā lakṣaṇaṃ sannibodhata /
vādyaprabhṛtayo gānaṃ vādyamāṇāni nirdiśet

yāni sthānāni siddhīnāṃ taiḥ siddhiṃ tu prakāśayet /
harṣādaṅgasamudbhūtāṃ nānārasasamutthitām

vārakālāstu vijñeyā nāṭyajñairvividhāśrayāḥ /
divasaiścaiva rātriśca tayorvārān nibodhata

pūrvāhṇastvatha madhyāhnastvaparāhṇastathaiva ca /
divā samutthā vijñeyā nāṭyavārāḥ prayogataḥ

prādoṣikārdharātriśca tathā prābhātiko 'paraḥ /
nāṭyavārā bhavantyete rātrāvityanupūrvaśaḥ

eteṣāṃ atra yadyojyaṃ nāṭyakāryaṃ rasāśrayam /
tadahaṃ saṃpravakṣyāmi vārakālasamāśrayam

yacchrotraramaṇīyaṃ syāddharmotthanakṛtaṃ ca yat /
pūrvāhṇe tatprayoktavyaṃ śuddhaṃ vā vikṛtaṃ tathā

sattvotthānaguṇairyuktaṃ vādyabhūyiṣṭhameva ca /
puṣkalaṃ sattvayuktaṃ ca aparāhṇe prayojayet

kaiśikīvṛttisaṃyuktaṃ śṛṅgārasasaṃśrayam /
nṛtyavāditragītāḍhyaṃ pradoṣe nāṭyamiṣyate

yannarmahāsyabahulaṃ karuṇaprāyameva ca /
prabhātakāle tatkāryaṃ nāṭyaṃ nidrāvināśanam

ardharātre niyuñjīta samadhyāhne tathaiva ca /
sandhyābhojanakāle ca nāṭyaṃ naiva prayojayet

evaṃ kālaṃ ca deśaṃ ca samīkṣya ca balābalam /
nityaṃ nāṭyaṃ prayuñjīta yathābhāvaṃ yathārasam

athava deśakālau ca na parīkṣyau prayoktṛbhiḥ
yathaivājñāpayedbhartā tadā yojyamasaṃśayam.

tathā samudiātāścaiva vijñeyā nāṭakāśritāḥ /
pātraṃ prayogamṛddhiśca vijñeyāstu trayo guṇāḥ

buddhimatvaṃ surūpatvaṃ layatālajñatā tathā /
rasabhāvajñatā caiva vayassthatvaṃ kutūhalam

grahaṇaṃ dhāraṇaṃ caiva gātrāvaikalyameva ca /
nijasādhvasatotsāha iti pātragato vidhiḥ

suvādyatā sugānatvaṃ supāṭhyatvaṃ tathaiva ca /
śāstrakarmasamāyogaḥ prayoga iti saṃjñitaḥ

śucibhūṣaṇatāyāṃ tu mālyābharaṇavāsasām /
vicitraracanā caiva samṛddhiriti saṃjñitā

yadā samuditāḥ sarve ekībhūtā bhavanti hi /
alaṅkārāḥ sakutapā mantavyo nāṭakāśrayāḥ

etaduktaṃ dvijaśreṣṭhāḥ siddhīnāṃ lakṣaṇaṃ mayā /
ata ūrdhvaṃ pravakṣyāmyātodyānāṃ vikalpanam