Natya Shastra · Chapter 2

iti bhāratīye nāṭyaśāstre nāṭyotpattirnāma prathamo 'dhyāyaḥ
atha bhāratīye nāṭyaśāstre dvitīyo 'dhyāyaḥ
bharatasya vacaḥ śrutvā papracchurmunayastataḥ /
bhagavan śrotumicchāmo yajanaṃ raṅgasaṃśrayam

atha vā yā kriyāstatra lakṣaṇaṃ yacca pūjanam /
bhaviṣyadbhirnaraiḥ kāryaṃ kathaṃ tannāṭyaveśmani

ihādirnāṭyayogasya nāṭyamaṇḍapa eva hi /
tasmāttasyaiva tāvattvaṃ lakṣaṇaṃ vaktumarhasi

teṣāṃ tu vacanaṃ śrutvā munīnāṃ bharato 'bravīt /
lakṣaṇaṃ pūjanaṃ caiva śrūyatāṃ nāṭyaveśmanaḥ

divyānāṃ mānasī sṛṣṭirgṛheṣūpavaneṣu ca /
(yathā bhāvābhinirvartyāḥ sarve bhāvāstu mānuṣāḥ) /
narāṇāṃ yatnataḥ kāryā lakṣaṇābhihitā kriyā

śrūyatāṃ tadyathā yatra kartavyo nāṭyamaṇḍapaḥ /
tasya vāstu ca pūjā ca yathā yojyā prayatnataḥ

iha prekṣyāgṛhaṃ dṛṣṭvā dhīmatā viśvakarmaṇā /
trividhaḥ sanniveśaśca śāstrataḥ parikalpitaḥ

vikṛṣṭaścaturaśraśca tryaśraścaiva tu maṇḍapaḥ /
teṣāṃ trīṇi pramāṇāni jyeṣṭhaṃ madhyaṃ tathā'varam

pramāṇameṣāṃ nirdiṣṭaṃ hastadaṇḍasamāśrayam /
śataṃ cāṣṭau catuḥṣaṣṭirhastā dvātriṃśadeva ca

aṣṭādhikaṃ śataṃ jyeṣṭhaṃ catuḥṣaṣṭistu madhyamam /
kanīyastu tathā veśma hastā dvātriṃśadiṣyate

devānāṃ tu bhavejjyeṣṭhaṃ nṛpāṇāṃ madhyamaṃ bhavet /
śeṣāṇāṃ prakṛtīnāṃ tu kanīyaḥ saṃvidhīyate

prekṣāgṛhāṇāṃ sarveṣāṃ praśastaṃ madhyamaṃ smṛtam /
tatra pāṭhyaṃ ca geyaṃ ca sukhaśrāvyataraṃ bhavet // BhN_2.11* //
prekṣāgṛhāṇāṃ sarveṣāṃ triprakāro vidhiḥ smṛtaḥ /
vikṛṣṭaścaturasraśca tryasraścaiva prayoktṛbhiḥ // BhN_2.11** //
kanīyastu smṛtaṃ tryasraṃ caturasraṃ tu madhyamam /
jyeṣṭhaṃ vikṛṣṭaṃ vijñeyaṃ nāṭyavedaprayoktṛbhiḥ // BhN_2.11*** //
pramāṇaṃ yacca nirdiṣṭaṃ lakṣaṇaṃ viśvakarmaṇā /
prekṣāgṛhāṇāṃ sarveṣāṃ taccaiva hi nibodhata

aṇū rajaśca vālaśca likṣā yūkā yavastathā /
aṅgulaṃ ca tathā hasto daṇḍaścaiva prakīrtitaḥ

aṇavo 'ṣṭau rajaḥ proktaṃ tānyaṣṭau vāla ucyate /
vālāstvaṣṭau bhavellikṣā yūkā likṣāṣṭakaṃ bhavet

yūkāstvaṣṭau yavo jñeyo yavāstvaṣṭau tathāṅgulam /
aṅgulāni tathā hastaścaturviṃśatirucyate

caturhasto bhaveddaṇḍo nirdiṣṭastu pramāṇataḥ /
anenaiva pramāṇena vakṣyāmyeṣāṃ vinirṇayam

catuḥṣaṣṭikarānkuryāddīrghatvena tu maṇḍapam /
dvātriṃśataṃ ca vistāranmartyānāṃ yo bhavediha

ata ūrdhvaṃ na kartavyaḥ kartṛbhirnāṭyamaṇḍapaḥ /
yasmādavyaktabhāvaṃ hi tatra nāṭyaṃ vrajediti

maṇḍape viprakṛṣṭe tu pāṭhyamuccāritasvaram /
anissaraṇadharmatvādvisvaratvaṃ bhṛśaṃ vrajet

yaścāpyāsyagato bhāvo nānādṛṣṭisamanvitaḥ
sa veśmanaḥ prakṛṣṭatvād vrajedavyaktatāṃ parām

prekṣāgṛhāṇāṃ sarveṣāṃ tasmānmadhyamamiṣyate /
yāvatpāṭhyaṃ ca geyaṃ ca tatra śravyataraṃ bhavet

prekṣāgṛhāṇāṃ sarveṣāṃ triprakāro vidhiḥ smṛtaḥ /
vikṛṣṭaścaturasraśca tryasraścaiva prayoktṛbhiḥ // BhN_2.21* //
kanīyastu smṛtaṃ tryasraṃ caturasraṃ tu madhyamam /
jyeṣṭhaṃ vikṛṣṭaṃ vijñeyaṃ nāṭyavedaprayoktṛbhiḥ // BhN_2.21** //
devānāṃ mānasī sṛṣṭirgṛheṣūpavaneṣu ca /
yatnabhāvābhiniṣpannāḥ sarve bhāvā hi mānuṣā

tasmāddevakṛtairbhāvairna vispardheta mānuṣaḥ /
mānuṣasya tu gehasya sampravakṣyāmi lakṣaṇam

bhūmervibhāgaṃ pūrvaṃ tu parīkṣeta prayojaka /
tato vāstu pramāṇena prārabheta śubhecchayā

samā sthirā tu kaṭhinā kṛṣṇā gaurī ca yā bhavet /
bhūmistatraiva kartavyaḥ kartṛbhirnāṭyamaṇḍapaḥ

prathamaṃ śodhanaṃ kṛtvā lāṅgalena samutkṛṣet /
asthikīlakapālāni tṛṇagulmāṃśca śodhayet

śodhayitvā vasumatīṃ pramāṇaṃ nirdiśettataḥ /
(trīṇyuttarāṇi saumyaṃ ca viśākhāpi ca revatī /
hastitiṣyānurādhāśca praśastā nāṭyakarmaṇi) /
puṣyanakṣatrayogena śuklaṃ sūtraṃ prasārayet

kārpāsaṃ bālbajaṃ vāpi mauñjaṃ vālkalameva ca /
sūtraṃ budhaistu kartavyaṃ yasya cchedo na vidyate

ardhacchinne bhavetsūtre svāmino maraṇaṃ dhruvam /
tribhāgacchinnayā rajvā rāṣṭrakopo vidhīyate

chinnāyāṃ tu caturbhāge prayokturnāśa ucyate /
hastātprabhraṣṭayā vāpi kaścitvapacayo bhavet

tasmānnityaṃ prayatnena rajjugrahaṇamiṣyate /
kāryaṃ caiva prayatnena mānaṃ nāṭyagṛhasya tu

muhūrtenānukūlena tithyā sukaraṇena ca /
brāhmaṇāṃstarpayitvā tu puṇyāhaṃ vācayettataḥ

śāntitoyaṃ tato dattvā tataḥ sūtraṃ prasārayet /
catuṣṣaṣṭikarānkṛtvā dvidhā kuryātpunaśca tān

pṛṣṭhato yo bhavedbhāgo dvidhābhūtasya tasya tu /
samamardhavibhāgena raṅgaśīrṣaṃ prakalpayet

paścime ca vibhāge 'tha nepathyagṛhamādiśet /
vibhajya bhāgānvidhivadyayathāvadanupūrvaśaḥ

śubhe nakṣatrayoge ca maṇḍapasya niveśanam /
śaṅkhadundubhinirghoṣairmṛdaṅgapaṇavādibhiḥ

sarvātodyaiḥ praṇuditaiḥ sthāpanaṃ kāryameva tu /
utsāryāṇi tvaniṣṭāni pāṣaṇḍyāśramiṇastathā

kāṣāyavasanāścaiva vikalāścaiava ye narāḥ /
niśāyāṃ ca baliḥ kāryā nānābhojanasaṃyutaḥ

gandhapuṣpaphalopetā diśo daśa samāśritaḥ /
pūrveṇa śuklānnayuto nīlānno dakṣiṇena ca

paścimena baliḥ pīto raktaścaivottareṇa tu /
yādṛśaṃ diśi yasyāṃ tu daivataṃ parikalpitam

tādṛśastatra dātavyo balirmantrapuraskṛtaḥ /
sthāpane brāhmaṇebhyaśca dātavyaṃ ghṛtapāyasam

madhuparkastathā rājñe kartṛbhyaśca guḍaudanam /
nakṣatreṇa tu kartavyaṃ mūlena sthāpanaṃ budhaiḥ

muhūrtenānukūlena tithyā sukaraṇena ca /
evaṃ tu sthāpanaṃ kṛtvā bhittikarma prayojayet

bhittikarmaṇi nirvṛtte stambhānāṃ sthāpanaṃ tataḥ /
tithinakṣatrayogena śubhena karaṇena ca

stambhānāṃ sthāpanaṃ kāryaṃ rohiṇyā śravaṇena vā /
ācāryeṇa suyuktena trirātropoṣitena ca

stambhānāṃ sthāpanaṃ kāryaṃ prāpte sūryodaye śubhe /
prathame brāhmaṇastambhe sarpissarṣapasaṃskṛtaḥ

sarvaśuklo vidhiḥ kāryo dadyātpāyasameva ca /
tataśca kṣatriyastambhe vastramālyānulepanam

sarva raktaṃ pradātavyaṃ dvijebhyaśca guḍaudanam /
vaiśyastambhe vidhiḥ kāryo digbhāge paścimottare

sarvaṃ prītaṃ pradātavyaṃ dvijebhyaśca ghṛtaudanam /
śūdrastambhe vidhiḥ kāryaḥ samyakpūrvottarāśraye

nīlaprāyaṃ prayatnena kūsaraṃ ca dvijāśanam /
pūrvoktabrāhmaṇastambhe śuklamālyānulepane

nikṣipetkanakaṃ mūle karṇābharaṇasaṃśrayam /
tāmraṃ cādhaḥ pradātavyaṃ stambhe kṣatriyasaṃjñake

vaiśyastambhasya mūle tu rajataṃ sampradāpayet /
śūdrastambhasya mūle tu dadyādāyasameva ca

sarveṣveva tu nikṣepyaṃ stambhamūleṣu kāñcanam /
svastipuṇyāhaghoṣeṇa jayaśabdena caiva hi

stambhānāṃ sthāpanaṃ kāryaṃ puṣpamālāpuraskṛtam /
ratnadānaiḥ sagodānairvastradānairanalpakaiḥ

brāhmaṇāṃstarpayitvā tu stambhānutthāpayettataḥ /
acalaṃ cāpyakampañca tathaivāvalitaṃ punaḥ

stambhasyotthāpane samyagdoṣā hyete prakīrtitāḥ /
avṛṣṭiruktā calane valane mṛtyuto bhayam

kampane paracakrāttu bhayaṃ bhavati dāruṇam /
doṣairetairvihīnaṃ tu stambhamutthāpayecchivam

pavitre brāhmaṇastambhe dātavyā dakṣiṇā ca gauḥ /
śeṣāṇāṃ bhojanaṃ kāryaṃ sthāpane kartṛsaṃśrayam

mantrapūtaṃ ca taddeyaṃ nāṭyācāryeṇa dhīmatā /
purohitaṃ nṛpaṃ caiva bhojayenmadhupāyasaiḥ

kartṝnāpi tathā sarvānkṛsarāṃ lavaṇottarām /
sarvamevaṃ vidhiṃ kṛtvā sarvātodyaiḥ pravāditaiḥ

abhimantrya yathānyāyaṃ stambhānutthāpayecchuciḥ /
'yathā'calo girirmerurhimavāṃśca mahābalaḥ

jayāvaho narendrasya tathā tvamacalo bhava' /
stambhadvāraṃ ca bhittiṃ ca nepathyagṛhameva ca

evamutthāpayetajjño vidhidṛṣṭena karmaṇā /
raṅgapīṭhasya pārśve tu kartavyā mattavāraṇī

catustambhasamāyuktā raṅgapīṭhapramāṇataḥ /
adhyardhahastotsedhena kartavyā mattavāraṇī

utsedhena tayostulyaṃ kartavyaṃ raṅgamaṇḍapam /
tasyāṃ mālyaṃ ca dhūpaṃ ca gandhaṃ vastraṃ tathaiva ca

nānāvarṇāni deyāni tathā bhūtapriyo baliḥ /
āyasaṃ tatra dātavyaṃ stambhānāṃ kuśailairadhaḥ

bhojane kṛsarāścaiva dātavyaṃ brāhmaṇāśanam /
evaṃ vidhipuraskāraiḥ kartavyā mattavāraṇī

raṅgapīṭhaṃ tataḥ kāryaṃ vidhidṛṣṭeṇa karmaṇā /
raṅgaśīrṣastu kartavyaṃ ṣaḍdārukasamanvitam

kāryaṃ dvāradvayaṃ cātra nepathyagṛhakasya tu /
pūraṇe mṛttikā cātra kṛṣṇā deyā prayatnataḥ

lāṅgalena samutkṛṣya nirloṣṭatṛṇaśarkaram /
lāṅgale śuddhavarṇo tu dhuryo yojyau prayatnataḥ

kartāraḥ puruṣaścātra ye 'ṅgadoṣavivirjitāḥ /
ahīnāṅgaiśca voḍhavyā mṛttikā piṭakairnavaiḥ

evaṃvidhaiḥ prakartavyaṃ raṅgaśīrṣaṃ prayatnataḥ /
kūrmapṛṣṭhaṃ na kartavyaṃ matsyapṛṣṭhaṃ tathaiva ca

śuddhādarśatalākāraṃ raṅgaśīrṣaṃ praśasyate /
ratnāni cātra deyāni pūrve vajraṃ vicakṣaṇaiḥ

vaiḍūryaṃ dakṣiṇe pārśve sphaṭikaṃ paścime tathā /
pravālamuttare caiva madhye tu kanakaṃ bhavet

evaṃ raṅgaśiraḥ kṛtvā dārukarma prayojayet /
ūhapratyūhasaṃyuktaḥ nānāśilpaprayojitam

nānāsañjavanopetaṃ bahuvyālopaśobhitam /
sasālabhañjikābhiśca samantātsamalaṅkṛtam

nirvyūhakuharopetaṃ nānāgrathitavedikam /
nānāvinyāsasaṃyuktaṃ citrajālagavākṣakam

supīṭhadhāriṇīyuktaṃ kapotālīsamākulam /
nānākuṭṭimavinyastaiḥ stambhaiścāpyupaśobhitam

evaṃ kāṣṭhavidhiṃ kṛtvā bhittikarma prayojayet /
stambhaṃ vā nāgadantaṃ vā vātāyanamathāpi vā

koṇaṃ vā sapratidvāraṃ dvāraviddhaṃ na kārayet /
kāryaḥ śailaguhākāro dvibhūmirnāṭyamaṇḍapaḥ

mandavātāyanopeto nirvāto dhīraśabdavān /
tasmānnivātaḥ kartavyaḥ kartṛbhirnāṭyamaṇḍapaḥ

gambhīrasvaratā yena kutapasya bhaviṣyati /
bhittikarmavidhiṃ kṛtvā bhittilepaṃ pradāpayet

sudhākarma bahistasya vidhātavyaṃ prayatnataḥ /
bhittiṣvatha viliptāsu parimṛṣṭāsu sarvataḥ

samāsu jātaśobhāsu citrakarma prayojayet /
citrakarmaṇi cālekhyāḥ puruṣāḥ srījanāstathā

latābandhāśca kartavyāścaritaṃ cātmbhogajam /
evaṃ vikṛṣṭaṃ kartavyaṃ nāṭyaveśma prayoktṛbhiḥ

punareva hi vakṣyāmi caturaśrasya lakṣaṇam /
samantataśca kartavyā hastā dvātriṃśadeva tu

śubhabhūmivibhāgastho nāṭyajñairnāṭyamaṇḍapaḥ /
yo vidhiḥ pūrvamuktastu lakṣaṇaṃ maṅgalāni ca

vikṛṣṭe tānyaśeṣāṇi caturaśre 'pi kārayet /
caturaśraṃ samaṃ kṛtvā sūtreṇa pravibhajya ca

bāhyataḥ sarvataḥ kāryā bhittiḥ śliṣṭeṣṭakā dṛḍhā /
tatrābhyantarataḥ kāryā raṅgapīṭhopari sthitāḥ

daśa prayoktṛbhiḥ stambhāḥ śaktā maṇḍapadhāraṇe /
stambhānāṃ bāhyataścāpi sopānākṛti pīṭhakam

iṣṭakādārubhiḥ kāryaṃ prekṣakāṇāṃ niveśanam /
hastapramāṇairutsedhairbhūmibhāgasamutthitaiḥ

raṅgapīṭhāvalokyaṃ tu kuryādāsanajaṃ vidhim /
ṣaḍanyānantare caiva punaḥ stambhānyathādiśam

vidhinā sthāpayetajño dṛḍhānmaṇḍapadhāraṇe /
aṣṭau stambhānpunaścaiva teṣāmupari kalpayet

sthāpyaṃ caiva tataḥ pīṭhamaṣṭahastapramāṇataḥ /
viddhāsyamaṣṭahastaṃ ca pīṭhaṃ teṣu tato nyaset

tatra stambhāḥ pradātavyāstajñairmaṇḍapadhāraṇe /
dhāraṇīdhāraṇāste ca śālastrībhiralaṅkṛtāḥ

nepathyagṛhakaṃ caiva tataḥ kāryaṃ prayatnataḥ /
dvāraṃ caikaṃ bhavettatra raṅgapīṭhapraveśanam

janapraveśanaṃ cānyadābhimukhyena kārayet /
raṅgasyābhimukhaṃ kāryaṃ dvitīyaṃ dvārameva tu

aṣṭahastaṃ tu kartavyaṃ raṅgapīṭhaṃ pramāṇataḥ /
caturaśraṃ samatalaṃ vedikāsamalaṅkṛtam

pūrvapramāṇanirdiṣṭā kartavyā mattavāraṇī /
catuḥstambhasamāyuktā vedikāyāstu pārśvataḥ

samunnataṃ samaṃ caiva raṅgaśīrṣaṃ tu kārayet /
vikṛṣṭe tūnnataṃ kāryaṃ caturaśre samaṃ tathā

evametena vidhinā caturaśraṃ gṛhaṃ bhavet /
ataḥ paraṃ pravakṣyāmi tryaśragehasya lakṣaṇam

tryaśraṃ trikoṇaṃ kartavyaṃ nāṭyaveśmaprayoktṛbhiḥ /
madhye trikoṇamevāsya raṅgapīṭhaṃ tu kārayet

dvāraṃ tainaiva koṇena kartavyaṃ tasya veśmanaḥ /
dvitīyaṃ caiva kartavyaṃ raṅgapīṭhasya pṛṣṭhataḥ

vidhiryaścaturaśrasya bhittistambhasamāśrayaḥ /
sa tu sarvaḥ prayoktavyastryaśrasyāpi prayoktṛbhiḥ

evametena vidhinā kāryā nāṭyagṛhā budhaiḥ /
punareṣāṃ pravakṣyāmi pūjāmevaṃ yathāvidhiḥ