Mīmāṃsāsūtra 1-7 with Śabara's Bhāṣya (with commentary) · Chapter 4.1

prakṛtau jyotiṣṭome dhānādiṣv ayaṃ puroḍāśaśabdo bhāktaḥ, saṃnihite{*3/785*} prayuktaḥ, ihāpi bhākta eva prayokṣyate. atrāpi hi savanīyaśabdena te saṃnihitāḥ. prakṛtau liṅgasamavāyāc chabdapravṛttir vikṛtāv api tathaiva, yathā - chatriṇo gacchanti, dhvajino gacchantīti. yathā - ukthyo vairūpasāmā, ekaviṃśaḥ poḍaśī vairājasāmā iti prakṛtiliṅgena sāmaśabdena vairūpapṛṣṭho vairājapṛṣṭha iti gamyate. evam ihāpi savanīyānāṃ māṃsamayateti.
NOTES:
*{3/785: E2,4: saṃnihiteṣu}*
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Adhyāya 4:
[435]{*4/1*}
NOTES:
*{4/1: E2: 5,1; E6: 2,1}*
athātaḥ kratvarthapuruṣārthayor jijñāsā

tṛtīye 'dhyāye śrutiliṅgavākyaprakaraṇasthānasamākhyānaiḥ śeṣaviniyogalakṣaṇam uktam. ihedānīṃ kratvarthapuruṣārthau jijñāsyete, kaḥ kratvarthaḥ, kaḥ puruṣārtha iti, yāpi prayojakāprayojakaphalavidhyarthavādāṅgapradhānacintā, sāpi kratvarthapuruṣārthajijñāsaiva. katham? aṅgaṃ kratvarthaḥ, pradhānaṃ puruṣārthaḥ. phalavidhiḥ puruṣārthaḥ, arthavādaḥ kratvarthaḥ. prayojakaḥ kaścit puruṣārtho 'prayojakaḥ kratvarthaḥ. tasmāt kratvarthapuruṣārthayor jijñāseti sūtritam. tatrāthātaḥ śabdau prathama evādhyāye prathamasūtre varṇitau. atheti prakṛtaṃ{*4/2*} śeṣaviniyogalakṣaṇam apekṣate. ata iti kratvarthapuruṣārthajijñāsāviśeṣaṃ prakurute. kratave yaḥ sa kratvarthaḥ, puruṣāya yaḥ sa puruṣārthaḥ. jijñāsāśabdo 'pi tatraiva samadhigataḥ - jñātum icchā jijñāseti. tad etat pratijñāsūtram, kratvarthapuruṣārthayor jijñāseti.
NOTES:
*{4/2: E2: pūrvaprakṛtaṃ}*
yasmin prītiḥ puruṣasya tasya lipsārthalakṣaṇāvibhaktavāt

atha{*4/3*} kiṃlakṣaṇaḥ kratvarthaḥ, kiṃlakṣaṇaḥ puruṣārtha iti lakṣaṇaṃ [436]{*4/4*} vācyam, tathā hi laghīyasī pratipattiḥ, pṛṣṭākoṭenopadeśe garīyasī. tad ucyate - yasmin prītiḥ puruṣasya, yasmin kṛte padārthe puruṣasya prītir bhavati{*4/5*} sa puruṣārthaḥ padārthaḥ. kutaḥ? tasya lipsārthena ca bhavati{*4/6*}, na śāstreṇa, kratvartho hi śāstrād avagamyate, nānyathā. avibhakto hi puruṣārthaḥ prītyā. yo yaḥ prītisādhanaḥ sa puruṣārthaḥ. puruṣārthe lakṣite tadviparītaḥ kratvartha iti kratvarthasya lakṣaṇaṃ siddham.
evaṃ vā sūtraṃ varṇyate - darśapūrṇamāsayor āmnāyate - anatidṛśyaṃ stṛṇāti, anatidṛśyam evainaṃ prajayā paśubhiḥ karotīti{*4/7*}, tathā - āhāryapurīṣāṃ paśukāmasya vediṃ kuryāt, vatsajānuṃ paśukāmasya vedaṃ kuryāt, godohanena paśukāmasya praṇayed ityevamādīni. tatra saṃśayaḥ - kim evaṃjātīyakāḥ kratvarthā uta puruṣārthā iti. kiṃ prāptam? kratvartha iti. kutaḥ? pratyakṣa upakāras tebhyo dṛśyate kratoḥ, purīṣaharaṇaṃ vedistaraṇaṃ ca, tad uktam - dravyaguṇasaṃskāreṣu bādarir{*4/8*} iti{*4/9*}. tasmāt kratvarthā ity evaṃ prāptam.
evaṃ prāpte brūmaḥ - yasmin prītiḥ puruṣasya sa puruṣārtha eveti, prītis tebhyo nirvartate, tasmād ete puruṣārthā iti. nanu pratyakṣa upakāraḥ krator dṛśyata ity uktam. ucyate - satyaṃ dṛśyate, na tu krator upakārāyaibhyaḥ{*4/10*} saṃkīrti tebhyaḥ, phalebhya ete śrūyante. na ca, ya upakaroti sa śeṣaḥ. yas tu yadarthaḥ śrūyate, sa tasya śeṣa ity uktam{*4/11*} - śeṣaḥ parārthatvād iti{*4/12*}.
evaṃ vā, dravyārjanam udāharaṇam. iha dravyārjanaṃ tais tair niyamaiḥ [437]{*4/13*} śrūyate, brāhmaṇasya pratigrahādinā, rājanyasya jayādinā, vaiśyasya kṛṣyādinā. tatra saṃdehaḥ - kiṃ kratvartho dravyaparigraha uta puruṣārtha iti. kiṃ prāptam? kratvartho niyamāt. yady eṣa puruṣārthaḥ syāt, niyamo 'narthako bhavet. pratyakṣeṇaitad avagamyate, niyamād aniyamāc cārjitaṃ dravyaṃ puruṣaṃ prīṇayatīti. tasmāt kratvarthaḥ. kāmaśrutibhiś cāsya sahaikavākyatā dṛṣṭā. itarathā, anumeyena phalavākyena sahaikavākyatāṃ yāyāt. liṅgaṃ cāpi bhavati - agnaye kṣāmavate puroḍāśam aṣṭākapālaṃ nirvapet, yasyāhitāgneḥ sato 'gnir gṛhān dahet{*4/14*}, yasya hiraṇyaṃ naśyed āgneyādīni nirvaped{*4/15*} ityevamādi. tad dhi dravyopaghāte codyate, yadi dravyaparigrahaḥ karmārthaḥ, tata etad api sati saṃbandhe karmārtham ity ucyate, itararthāsati saṃbandhe karmārtham ity anumīyate, phalaṃ cāsya kalpyeta. tasmād yajatiśrutigṛhītaṃ dravyārjanaṃ yena vinā yogo na nirvartate, sa yāgasya śrutyā parigṛhīta iti gamyate. tasmāt kratvartha iti.
evaṃ prāpte brūmaḥ - puruṣārtha iti. etasmin kṛte padārthe prītiḥ puruṣasya bhavati, tasmād asya lipsārthalakṣaṇā śarīradhāraṇārthā, yasya śarīraṃ dhriyate, vyaktaṃ tasyāsti dravyam. śarīriṇaś ca
yāgaḥ śrūyate, tasmād vidyamānadravyasya viniyoga ucyate. na dravyārjanaṃ śrutigṛhītam{*4/16*}, vināpi hi dravyārjanavacanatvena śabdasya, yāgo nirvartata eva, tasmāt puruṣārtho dravyaparigrahaḥ.
api ca, yadi śāstrāt karmārthaṃ dravyārjanam, tan nānyatra viniyujyeta tathārjitam, tatra sarvatantraparilopaḥ syāt. api ca, upakrāntāni sarvakarmāṇi dravyārjanena bhaveyuḥ, tatraitan nopapadyate. api vā eṣa suvargāl{*4/17*} lokācchidyate, yo darśapūrṇamāsayājī [438]{*4/18*} sann amāvāsyāṃ vā paurṇamāsīṃ vātipātayed{*4/19*} iti. evaṃ ca sati, prayogakālād vahir{*4/20*} etad aṅgaṃ sad anupakārakaṃ syāt. na ca, ādhānavad bhavitum arhati, tatra hi vacanam - vasante 'gnim ādadhīteti, na caitad aṅgam.
atha yad uktam - niyamavacanam anarthakam, puruṣārthe dravyaparigrahe satīti. ucyate, naitāvatā puruṣārthatā vyāvartate. pratyakṣā hi sā, tvayā ca parokṣaṃ yuktibuddhyā vyapadiśyate, na ca, parokṣaṃ pratyakṣasya bādhakaṃ bhavati. tasmān niyamavacanāt kāmam aparam adṛṣṭaṃ kalpyeta, na tu dṛṣṭahānam. tasmād yat puruṣasya prayojanaṃ prītiḥ, tad arthaṃ dhanasyārjanam ity evaṃ ca sati, vrīhiṇā yāgaḥ kartavyaḥ, prītyartham arjitena vā kratvartham arjitena vā, nātra kaścid viśeṣaḥ.
prītyartham upārjito 'pi vrīhiḥ, vrīhir eva, karmārtham upārjito 'pi vrīhiḥ, vrīhir eva. tasmān{*4/21*} na prayogacodanāgṛhītaṃ dravyārjanam.
atha yad uktam, anumeyenāprakṛtena vā śabdena yuṣmatpakṣe niyamasyaikavākyatā, asmatpakṣe tu dṛṣṭena prayogavacaneneti. naiṣa doṣaḥ, asmatpakṣe 'pi dṛṣṭena bhujinā, na phalavacanena. kathaṃ tarhi? niyamād adṛṣṭaṃ bhavatīti gamyate. yathaiva bhavadīye pakṣe. āha, asmatpakṣe phalavata ekavākyabhāvāt{*4/22*} phalavata upakarotīti gamyate. ucyate, asmatpakṣe 'pi phalavata evaikavākyabhāvaḥ{*4/23*}, etāvāṃs tu viśeṣaḥ, tava śrutaṃ phalam, mama tu dṛṣṭam iti.
atha yal liṅgam uktam - gṛhadāhādiṣu karma śrūyata iti. tatrocyate, yady api na kratvarthaṃ dravyārjanam, tathāpi dāhe nimitte phalāya vā karmāṅgabhāvāya vā jāmavatyādīnāṃ{*4/24*} vidhānam upapadyata eva. tasmāt puruṣārthaṃ dravyārjanam, prītyā hi tadavibhaktam iti.
[439]{*4/25*}
NOTES:
*{4/3: E2: natha (?)}*
*{4/4: E2: 5,2; E6: 2,1}*
*{4/5: E1 hat yasmin prītiḥ puruṣasya, yasmin kṛte padārthe puruṣasya pratītir bhavati in Klammern}*
*{4/6: E2: tasya lipsārthalakṣaṇā. tasya lipsārthenaiva bhavati}*
*{4/7: Tait.S. 2.6.5.2}*
*{4/8: E2,6: bādarir}*
*{4/9: MS 3.1.3}*
*{4/10: E2: upakārāya, yata ebhyaḥ}*
*{4/11: E2 om. śeṣa ity uktam}*
*{4/12: MS 3.1.2}*
*{4/13: E2: 5,3; E6: 2,2}*
*{4/14: Tait.S. 2.2.2.4-5}*
*{4/15: Tait.S. 2.3.2.5}*
*{4/16: E2: kāmaśrutigṛhītaṃ}*
*{4/17: E2: savargāl; E1 (Fn.): svargāl}*
*{4/18: E2: 5,4; E6: 2,3}*
*{4/19: Tait.S. 2.2.5.4}*
*{4/20: E6: bahir}*
*{4/21: E2: eva, karmārtham upārjito 'pi vrīhivrīhir eva, tasmān}*
*{4/22: E2: phalavataikavākyabhāvāt}*
*{4/23: E2: phalavataivaikavākyabhāvaḥ}*
*{4/24: E2: kṣāmavatyādīnāṃ}*
*{4/25: E2: 5,7: E6: 2,3}*
tadutsarge karmāṇi puruṣārthāya, śāstrasyānatiśaṅkyatvān na ca dravyaṃ vikīrṣyate{*4/26*} tenārthenābhisaṃbandhāt kriyāyāṃ puruṣaśrutiḥ

iha prajāpativratāny udāharaṇam - nodyantam ādityam īkṣeta nāstaṃyantam ityādīni. tatra saṃdehaḥ - kiṃ kratvarthāni prajāpativratāny uta puruṣārthānīti. kiṃ prāptam? kratvarthānīti. kutaḥ? evaṃ hi, phalaṃ na kalpayitavyaṃ bhaviṣyatīti. nanu śrūyata evaiteṣāṃ phalam, etāvatā hainasāyukto bhavatīti. ucyate - naitat phalaparaṃ vacanam, vartamānāpadeśa evaiṣa śabda iti. tena yatrāditya īkṣitavyaḥ prāptaḥ, tatrāyaṃ pratiṣedha udyato 'staṃyataś ca niyamo vā syāt kaścit karmāṅgabhūtaḥ.
evaṃ prāpte brūmaḥ - tad utsarge prītyutsargo 'pi{*4/27*}, karmāṇi puruṣārthāya bhaveyuḥ, evaṃjātīyakāni. kartur etāny upadiśyante, na karmaṇaḥ. arthaprāptena kartrā saṃbandho yaḥ, sa vidhitsitaḥ, na karmasaṃbandho 'vidyamāna eva. śāstraṃ cānatiśaṅkyaṃ pitṛmātṛvacanād api pramāṇataram, svayaṃ hi tena pratyeti, indriyasthānīyaṃ hi tat. na caivam ādibhir dravyasya kaścid dṛṣṭa upakāraḥ sādhyate. tasmāt tena puruṣārthenābhisaṃyogāt kriyāyām evaṃjātīyakāyāṃ puruṣaḥ śrūyate.
api ca, puruṣaprayatnaḥ padārthavidhimātraṃ lakṣayitum uccāryeta, svayam avivakṣitaḥ syāt.
atha yad uktam - yatrādityasyekṣaṇaṃ prāptam, tatrodyato 'staṃyataś ca partiṣedha iti, satyaṃ pratiṣedho nyāyyaḥ, tathā śrutir anugahyeta{*4/28*}, [440]{*4/29*} itarathā niyamo lakṣyeteti. kiṃ tv iha niyamaḥ śabdena śrūyate, tasya vratam iti, tena niyama eṣaḥ, nodyann āditya īkṣitavya iti. api ca, etāvatā hainasāyukto bhavatīti puruṣasaṃbaddho doṣaḥ kīrtyate, na karmasaṃbaddhaḥ. tasmāt puruṣārthāni prajāpativratānīti. golakṣaṇāny apy evam eva kartarīkarṇyaḥ kartavyā ityevamādīni.
NOTES:
*{4/26: E2,6: cikīrṣyate}*
*{4/27: E2 hat prītyutsargo 'pi in Klammern}*
*{4/28: E2,6: anugṛhyeta}*
*{4/29: E2: 5,7; E6: 2,4}*
aviśeṣāt tu śāstrasya yathāśrutiphalāni syuḥ

ucyate - yady evam, imāny api puruṣārthāni syuḥ - samidho yajati, tanūnapātaṃ yajati{*4/30*}, nānṛtaṃ vaded{*4/31*} ityevamādīni. atrāpi puruṣaprayatnasaṃkīrtanam, atrāpi na dravyaṃ cikīrṣyata iti.
NOTES:
*{4/30: Tait.S. 2.6.1.1}*
*{4/31: Tait.S. 2.5.5.6}*
api vā kāraṇāgrahaṇe tadartham arthasyānabhisaṃbandhāt

api vā naitad{*4/32*} asti, samidādīny api puruṣārthāni prāpnuvantīti, kāraṇāgrahaṇe puruṣārthāni prajāpativratāni bhaveyuḥ. na tatra śrutyādikaṃ kiṃcit kāraṇaṃ gṛhyate, yena karmaṇām aṅgabhūtānīti gamyate, tasmāt tāni puruṣārthāni. arthasya karmaṇo{*4/33*} nābhisaṃbandhaḥ prajāpativrataiḥ. iha tu samidādīnāṃ prakaraṇaṃ nāma kāraṇaṃ gṛhyate, yena karmārthānīti vijñāyante{*4/34*}. tasmād viṣama upanyāsaḥ, puruṣaprayatnaś caivaṃ saty anuvādaḥ.
NOTES:
*{4/32: E2: api veti pakṣavyāvṛttiḥ. naitad}*
*{4/33: E2 hat karmaṇo in Klammern}*
*{4/34: E2,6: vijñāyate}*
tathā ca lokabhūteṣu

loke 'pi, niṣpannakāryādiṣu prayojanavatsu yad asaṃyuktaṃ phalena śrūyate, tat tadaṅgaṃ vijñāyata iti manyamānā upavāsaṃ japaṃ vā [441]{*4/35*} upadiśyaiva kṛtino manyante, na brutave, idam asya prayojanavato 'ṅgam iti, tathā cāpare 'pi manyamānā na duruktaṃ manyante. tasmāt samidādīni karmāṅgāni, na prajāpativratānīti siddham.
NOTES:
*{4/35: E2: 5,9; E6: 2,5}*
dravyāṇi tv aviśeṣeṇānarthakyāt pradīyeran

sto darśapūrṇamāsau, tatrāmnāyate - sphyaś ca kapālāni cāgnihotrahavaṇī ca śūrpaṃ ca kṛṣṇājinaṃ ca śamyā colūkhalaṃ ca musalaṃ ca dṛṣac copalā caitāni vai daśa yajñāyudhānīti{*4/36*}. tatra saṃśayaḥ. kim etāni dravyāṇi pradātavyāni, uta svena svenārthena saṃbandhanīyāni? tad etat siddhyartham idaṃ cintanīyam, kim eṣa vidhir utānuvāda iti. vidhau sati pradānam anuvāde sati yathārthasaṃbandhaḥ. kiṃ prāptam? vidhir iti, tathā hi pravṛttau viśeṣaḥ, itarathā vādamātram anarthakam. pradāne caiṣāṃ yajñāyudhaśabdo 'nugṛhītaḥ, yajñasyāyudhāni, yajñasya sādhanānīti. itarathoddhananādīnām āyudhāni bhaveyuḥ śravaṇena, lakṣaṇayā yajñasya. saṃkhyā caivam avakalpate, yāgenaikena saṃbandhāt, itarathā nānārthasaṃbandhād daśeti saṃkhyā nāvakalpate. tasmāt pradīyeran, aviśeṣeṇa vihitaṃ prakaraṇena pradhānasya bhavitum arhati.
NOTES:
*{4/36: Tait.S. 1.6.8.2}*
svena tv arthena saṃbandho dravyāṇāṃ pṛthagarthatvāt, tasmād yathāśruti syuḥ

na caitad asti vidhiḥ, pradeyānīti, anuvādaḥ, prāpta[442]{*4/37*}tvāt. sphyenoddhanti{*4/38*}, kapāleṣu śrapayati{*4/39*}{*4/40*}, agnihotrahavanyāṃ{*4/41*} nirvapati, śūrpeṇa vivinakti, kṛṣājinam ulūkhalasyādhastād avastṛṇāti, śamyāyāṃ dṛṣadam upadadhāti, prokṣitābhyām ulūkhalamusalābhyām avahanti, prokṣitābhyāṃ dṛṣadupalābhyāṃ pinaṣṭīty evaṃ svena svena vākyenoddhananādiṣu prāpnuvanti, prāptānāṃ vacanam anuvādaḥ. prakaraṇam api vākyena bādhyate, yajñāyudhaśabdaś cānuvādapakṣe nyāyyaḥ, na vidhipakṣe, gauṇo hi sa āyudhaśabdaḥ sphyādiṣu, saṃkhyāpi pāṭhābhiprāyā bhaviṣyati, vispaṣṭaṃ caitad uddhananādibhiḥ sphyādīni prayuktānīti. bhavati hi tatra vidhiḥ - sphyenoddhantītyevamādiḥ, na tu yajñāyudhāni kartavyānīti. tasmād uddhananādiṣu vākyena prāptānām anuvāda iti.
NOTES:
*{4/37: E2: 5,10; E6: 2,5}*
*{4/38: Tait.S. 6.6.4.1}*
*{4/39: E2: śrapayanti}*
*{4/40: Tait.S. 2.3.6.2}*
*{4/41: E2: agnihotrahavaṇyā; E6: agnihotrahavaṇyāṃ}*
codyante cārthakarmasu

arthakarmasu codyante puroḍāśādīni, tāny api vikalperan. tatra pakṣe bādhaḥ, na samuccayaḥ. puroḍāśādīnāṃ nirapekṣāṇāṃ yajisaṃbadhāt, sphyādīnāṃ ca. evaṃ vā codyante cārthakarmasu, codyante, paridhānīye karmaṇi - āhitāgnim agnibhir dahanti yajñapātraiś ceti. yadi pradīyeraṃs tatra na bhaveyuḥ, tasmād api na pradātavyānīti.
liṅgadarśanāc ca

liṅgadarśanena ca - caturdaśa paurṇamāsyām āhutayo hūyante, trayodaśām āvāsyāyām iti. tasmād apy anuvāda iti.
[443]{*4/42*}
NOTES:
*{4/42: E2: 5,12; E6: 2,6}*
tatraikatvam ayajñāṅgam arthasya guṇabhūtatvāt

asti jyotiṣṭome paśur agnīṣomīyaḥ - yo dīkṣito yad agnīṣomīyaṃ paśuṃ ālabhata iti{*4/43*}. tathā, anaḍvāhau yunaktīti, tathā, aśvamedhe, vasantāya kapiñjalān ālabhata iti{*4/44*}. tatra saṃdehaḥ - kiṃ vivakṣitam, ekatvaṃ dvitvaṃ bahutvaṃ ca, utāvivakṣitam iti. tatraikatvam ayajñāṅgabhūtaṃ na vivakṣitam ity arthaḥ, arthasya guṇabhūtatvāt, nālambhasya guṇabhūtā saṃkhyā niyojanasya vā. kasya tarhi? paśor anaḍuhoḥ kapiñjalānāṃ ca. vibhaktir hi śrutyā prātipadikārthagataṃ saṃkhyārthaṃ brūte, vākyena sā yajñāṅgaṃ brūyāt, vākyāc ca śrutir balīyasī. tasmān na yajñāṅgaṃ vivakṣitam iti.
āha, mā bhūd yajñāṅgam, paśvadīnām aṅgaṃ vivakṣitaṃ tathāpīti. ucyate, na, paśvādīnām aṅgenoktenānuktena vā kiṃcit prayojanam asti, yajñāṅgena hy avipannena prayojanam. vipanne 'pi hi paśvādyaṅge 'viguṇa eva kratur bhavati, yajñāc ca phalaṃ na paśvādeḥ. tasmāt paśvāder guṇenājñātena jñātena vā na kiṃcit prayojanam astīti, na tad vivakṣitam, yad dhi prayojanavat tad vivakṣitam ity ucyate.
NOTES:
*{4/43: Tait.S. 6.1.11.6}*
*{4/44: ŚPBr 1.5.1.13}*
ekaśrutitvāc ca

bhavati ca kiṃcid vacanam, yena vijñāyate na tad vivakṣitam iti, yadi somam apahareyur ekāṃ gāṃ dakṣiṇāṃ dadyād iti{*4/45*}. yadi vivakṣitaṃ bhavet, naikām iti brūyāt, gām ity ekavacanasya vivakṣitatvāt. tathā, avī dve, dhenū dva ity{*4/46*} atrāpi dva iti vacanaṃ jñāpakam, avivakṣitam avīti dvitvam [444]{*4/47*} iti. trīn lalāmān ity{*4/48*} atrāpi trīn iti vacanaṃ liṅgam, lalāmān iti bahuvacanam avivakṣitam iti.
NOTES:
*{4/45: ŚPBr 4.5.10.6}*
*{4/46: Tait.S. 5.6.21.1}*
*{4/47: E2: 5,16; E6: 2,7}*
*{4/48: Kaṭha.S. 13.7}*
pratīyata iti cet

evaṃ cet paśyasi - avivakṣitā saṃkhyeti, tan na, pratīyate hi saṃkhyākhyātavacanasyāṅgabhūtā, yathā paśum ānayety ukte, eka evānīyate, paśū iti, dvau. paśūn iti bahava ānīyante, yaś ca pratīyate sa śabdārthaḥ, tasmād yajñasyāṅgabhūtā saṃkhyeti śabdād gamyate, na ca śabdād gamyamānam ṛte kāraṇāt, avivakṣitaṃ bhavati.
nāśabdaṃ tatpramāṇatvāt pūrvavat

naitad evam, satyaṃ pratīyate, na tv ayaṃ śabdārtho vyāmohādoṣā pratītiḥ. kuta etat? vākyād dhi yajñāṅgam ity avagamyate, vākyaṃ ca śrutyā bādhyate. tasmād aśabdārtho 'yaṃ yajña ekatvād iti. śabdārtho 'pi hi pratīyate, yathā, pūrvo dhāvatīti. sa pūrva ity ucyate, yasyāparo 'sti, tena pūrva ity ukte, aparo gamyate. na tv aparo dhāvatīti śravaṇāt pratīyate. evam ihāpi paśum ity ekatvaṃ gamyate, na tu yajñe. yathaiva hi pūrvam ity ukte 'paro gamyata eva kevalaṃ, na tu sa vidhīyate kasmiṃścid arthe. evam ihāpi saṃkhyā pratīyate eva kevalam, na tu kartavyatayā yajñe vidhīyate na paśau.
kathaṃ na paśau vidhīyata iti cet. vidhāyakasyābhāvāt. ākhyātaśabdo vidhāyako bhaviṣyatīty etad api nopapadyate, dravyadevatāsaṃbandhasya sa vidhāyakaḥ sann ālabhata iti na saṃkhyāsaṃkhyeyasaṃbandhaṃ vidhātum arhatīti. bhidyeta hi tathā vākyam. tasmād avivakṣitā saṃkhyeti.
[445]{*4/49*}
NOTES:
*{4/49: E2: 5,14; E6: 2,8}*
śabdavat tūpalabhyate tadāgame hi tad dṛśyate tasya jñānaṃ yathānyeṣām

tuśabdaḥ pakṣaṃ vyāvartayati. naitad asti, na yajñe saṃkhyā śabdena śrūyata iti, ākhyātavācye hy artha upalabhyate, loke paśum ānayety ekavacane sati ekatvapaśuviśiṣṭam ānayanaṃ pratīyate, paśv ānayeti dvitvaviśiṣṭaṃ gamyate, tatra hy ekatvam apaiti, dvitvam upajāyate. yasya cāgame yad upajāyate, sa tasyārtha iti gamyate. tasya jñānaṃ, yathānyeṣāṃ śabdānām, aśvam ānayety ukte 'śvānayanaṃ pratīyate, gām ānayeti gavānayanam, tatrāśvo 'paiti gauś copajāyate, tena jñāyate, aśvaśabdasyāśvo 'rtho gośabdasya gaur iti.
yad uktam - śrutyā vākyārtho bādhyata iti, ucyate, na śrutir brūte - vākyārtho nāstīti, kevalaṃ tu prātipadikārthagatāṃ saṃkhyām āha, nādṛśī saṃkhyā vākyena yajñe vidhīyate, prātipadikārtho hy ākhyātavācyena saṃbadhyate, vibhaktyartho 'pi. tathā hi, tadviśeṣaṇaviśiṣṭa ālambho gamyate, tatraikārthatvād ekavākyam avakalpate. paśau hi saṃkhyāyāṃ vidhīyamānāyām eka ākhyātaśabdo na śaknuyāt, ākhyātārthaṃ vidhātum, saṃkhyāsaṃkhyeyasaṃbandhaṃ ca. tasmād yajñe vivakṣitā saṃkhyeti.
tadvac ca liṅgadarśanam

kim iti. karṇā yāmyāḥ, avaliptā raudrāḥ, nabhorūpāḥ pārjanyāḥ, teṣām aindrāgno daśama iti{*4/50*}. yadi tritvaṃ vivakṣitaṃ tadaindrāgno daśamo bhavati. tathā kṛṣṇā bhaumāḥ, dhūmrā āntarikṣāḥ, vṛhanto{*4/51*} divyāḥ, śavalā{*4/52*} vaidyutāḥ, siddhās tārakā iti{*4/53*} prakṛtya āha - ardhamāsānāṃ vaitad rūpaṃ yat pañca[446]{*4/54*}daśina iti{*4/55*}. tasmād api paśyāmaḥ, vivakṣitā saṃkhyeti. yat tūktam - ekāṃ gām ity avivakṣāṃ darśayatīti. atrocyate, gosaṃkhyāsaṃbandhaṃ vidhātum, etad ucyate, itarathā hi, godakṣiṇāsaṃbandho vihito gamyeta. tasmād vivakṣite 'pi vācyam etat. avī dve dhenū dve trīn lalāmān iti cānuvādāḥ.
NOTES:
*{4/50: Vāj.S. 24.3}*
*{4/51: E2,6: bṛhanto}*
*{4/52: E2,6: śabalā}*
*{4/53: Vāj.S. 24.3}*
*{4/54: E2: 5,446; E6: 2,9}*
*{4/55: ŚPBr 13.2.5.1}*
tathā ca liṅgam

evaṃ ca kṛtvā samānaśrutikaṃ liṅgam api vivakṣitaṃ bhaviṣyati, tatra idaṃ darśanam upapadyate, vasante prātar āgneyīṃ kṛṣṇagrīvām ālabhate, grīṣme mādhyaṃdine siṃhīm aindrīṃ śarady aparāhṇe śvetāṃ bārhaspatyām iti{*4/56*}. tatra śrūyate - garbhiṇyo bhavtīti{*4/57*}, garbhaḥ strīṇāṃ guṇaḥ, tena striyo darśayatīti bhaviṣyati. tathā aśva ṛṣabho vṛṣṇir vastaḥ{*4/58*} puruṣa iti te prājāpatyā iti{*4/59*}. tatra śrūyate - muṣkarā{*4/60*} bhavanti sendriyatvāyeti{*4/61*}. muṣkaratvaṃ puṃsāṃ guṇaḥ, tena puṃprāptiṃ darśayatīti.
adhikaraṇāntaraṃ vā, tathā ca liṅgam iti, saṃkhyādhikaraṇaṃ liṅgādhikaraṇe 'tidṛśyate{*4/62*}. liṅgam avivakṣitam, śrutyā vākyasya bādhitatvāt, na ca, vivakṣitam iva śruyata iti, bhavati liṅgam. strī gauḥ somakrayaṇīti, strīvacanāt somakrayaṇīty avivakṣitam eva liṅgaṃ pratīyate. nanu kathaṃ mṛgīm ānayeti na mṛga ānīyate? naivam, aśābdaṃ tu tat, pūrvo dhāvatīti yathā.
liṅgaṃ vivakṣitaṃ vā{*4/63*} vākyārthasya śrutyāpratiṣiddhatvāt. tathā ca liṅgam, garbhiṇyo bhavantīti, tathā ca muṣkarā bhavanti [447]{*4/64*} iti. yad uktam - strī gauḥ somakrayaṇīti, tatra strīty avivakṣitam, tathā prajāpataye puruṣān hastina ālabhata iti puruṣagrahaṇam avivakṣitam, vispaṣṭo hi nyāya ukto liṅgavivakṣāyām. tasmād vivakṣitaṃ liṅgam iti.
NOTES:
*{4/56: Tait.S. 2.1.2.5}*
*{4/57: Tait.S. 2.1.2.6}*
*{4/58: E2: bastaḥ}*
*{4/59: Tait.S. 5.6.12.1}*
*{4/60: E2: muṣkarāṃ}*
*{4/61: Tait.Br. 1.8.2.2}*
*{4/62: E2,6: 'tidiśyate}*
*{4/63: E2 om. vā}*
*{4/64: E2: 5,16; E6: 2,9}*
āśrayiṣv aviśeṣeṇa bhāvo 'rthaḥ pratīyeta

atrāśrayiṇaḥ padārthā udāharaṇam uttamaḥ prayājaḥ paśupuroḍāśaḥ sviṣṭakṛd ity ete yāgā udāharaṇam{*4/65*}. eṣu saṃdehaḥ. kiṃ yajimātraṃ saṃskāro devatāyāḥ, uta yajinādṛṣṭaṃ devatāyāṃ kriyata iti. kiṃ prāptam? āśrayiṣv aviśeṣeṇa bhāvo 'rthaḥ pratīyata{*4/66*} ity{*4/67*} āśrayiṣv evaṃjātīyakeṣv apūrvasya bhāvo 'rthaḥ pratyetavyo 'viśeṣād anyair ākhyātaśabdaiḥ, yajati dadāti juhotīti, uktam etad bhūtaṃ bhavyāvopadiśyata iti.
NOTES:
*{4/65: E1 hat uttamaḥ prayājaḥ paśupuroḍāśaḥ sviṣṭakṛd ity ete yāgā udāharaṇam in Klammern}*
*{4/66: E2: pratīyeta}*
*{4/67: E2 om. iti}*
codanāyāṃ tv anārambho vibhaktatvān na hy anyena vidhīyate

asyāṃ tu codanāyām anārambho 'pūrvasya, vibhakto 'yam ākhyātaśabdaḥ, yo dṛṣṭārthaḥ, tato nāpūrvam, yaḥ khalv adṛṣṭārthaḥ, tato 'pūrvam iti, dṛṣṭārthaś cāyam. asmin hi yāge kriyamāṇe devatā [448]{*4/68*} smaryate, sviṣṭakṛty api dravyaṃ pratipādyate. na cānyena śabdenātrāpūrvaṃ vidhīyate. tasmād yajimātraṃ saṃskāra iti.
NOTES:
*{4/68: E2: 5,18; E6: 2,9}*
syād vā dravyacikīrṣāyāṃ bhāvo 'rthe ca guṇabhūtatāśrayād dhi guṇībhāvaḥ

syād vāpūrvamataḥ satyām api devatācikīrṣāyām, tasmin devatāsaṃskārārthe guṇabhūtatā yāgasya, dravyapratipādanena ca, mantreṇa tatra devatā smaryate. tasmin mantreṇa dṛṣṭe 'rthe kriyamāṇe tyāgo 'paro 'dṛṣṭārthaḥ śrūyate, tasya na kiṃcid dṛṣṭam asti, devatāśrayāt tu devatāgataṃ tad apūrvam iti gamyate.
arthe samavaiṣamyam ato dravyakarmaṇām

atikrāntas tṛtīyaviṣayaḥ, ataḥ prabhṛti dravyāṇāṃ karmaṇāṃ cārthe prayojane{*4/69*} samavaiṣamyaṃ vakṣyate. kvacit sāmyam, kvacid vaiṣamyam, āmikṣāvājinayor vaiṣamyam, krayapāṃsūnāṃ vaiṣamyam, daṇḍasya maitrāvaruṇadhāraṇe yajamānadhāraṇe ca sāmyam, evaṃ tatra tatra draṣṭavyam, sāmyaṃ vaiṣamyaṃ ceti.
[449]{*4/70*}
NOTES:
*{4/69: E1 hat prayojane in Klammern}*
*{4/70: E2: 5,18; E6: 2,10}*
ekaniṣpatteḥ sarvaṃ samaṃ syāt

cāturmāsyeṣu vaiśvadeve śrūyate - tapte payasi dadhy ānayati, sā vaiśvadevy āmikṣā vācibhyo{*4/71*} vājinam iti. tatra saṃdehaḥ - kiṃ tapte payasi dadhyānayanam āmikṣā prayojayati, na vājinam, utobhayam iti. kiṃ prāptam? ubhayam iti. kutaḥ? yasmin kṛte, yan niṣpadyate prayojanavat, tat tasya prayojakam iti gamyate, dadhyānayane ca kṛta ubhayaṃ niṣpadyate. āmikṣāpi, tata eva yājinam api{*4/72*} tatrānyatarārthaṃ kriyeta, yadi vinigamanāyāṃ hetur bhavet. agamyamāne viśeṣa ubhayārtham ānayanam iti gamyate. tasmād ekāsāv ubhābhyām api prayojitā niṣpattir iti.
NOTES:
*{4/71: E2,6: vājibhyo}*
*{4/72: E2 om. api}*
saṃsargarasaniṣpatter āmikṣā vā pradhānaṃ syāt

naitad asti, ubhayaṃ prayojakam iti, āmikṣā prayoktrī. kutaḥ? nātra yad dadhipayobhyaḥ nirvartyate, tad dhaviḥ. yadi tad dhaviḥ syāt, ubhayaṃ tābhyām eva niṣpadyata iti gamyata{*4/73*} viśeṣaḥ. kiṃ tarhi havir iti. payo dadhisaṃsṛṣṭam. kuta etat? sā vaiśvadevīty ucyate, na tato yan niṣpadyata iti.
nanu strīliṅganirdeśāt, āmikṣā haviḥ, sā ca tato niṣpadyate, vājinaṃ ca haviḥ, tad api niṣpadyata iti. na, ity ucyate - tad eva hi payas taptaṃ dadhisaṃyuktam, āmikṣā bhavati. tasmāt strīliṅgam adoṣaḥ. āha - yadi payo dadhisaṃsṛṣṭaṃ haviḥ, kiṃ tarhy ucyate, āmikṣā prayojiketi. ucyate [450]{*4/74*} - āmikṣāyāṃ dadhipayasī vidyete, na vārjine. katham avagamyate? saṃsargasaniṣpatteḥ, tatra hi dadhipayasoḥ saṃsṛṣṭayo rasa upalabhyate, tena tatra dadhipayasī ity anumānaṃ bhavati, vājine tiktakaṭuko rasaḥ.
āha, tapte payasi dadhany ānīyamāna ubhayaṃ bhavati, dadhnā ca payaḥ saṃsṛjyate vājināc ca vivicyate. tatra saṃsargaś cikīrṣitaḥ, na viveka iti. kuta etat? ucyate - śābdaḥ saṃsargo dadhnā, aśābdo vājinena vivekaḥ payasa iti, sarvanāma ca pūrvoktena śabdenaikavākyatāṃ yāti. itarasmin pakṣe payasi dadhyānayanaṃ vājinavivekalakṣaṇārthaṃ syāt, śrutilakṣaṇāviśaye ca śrutir nyāyyā. tasmād āmikṣārthaṃ dadhyānayanam, āmikṣāśabdaś cātrānuvādaḥ, āmikṣaiva sā bhavati, yatra tapte payasi dadhyānīyate. tasmād āmikṣikā prayoktrī, vājinam aprayojakam iti.
NOTES:
*{4/73: E2: na gamyata}*
*{4/74: E2: 5,20; E6: 2,11}*
mukhyaśabdābhisaṃstavāc ca

na ca, ubhayaṃ prayojakaṃ nyāyyam, nātra vacanam asti, idaṃ prayojakam idaṃ neti, asati prayojake 'narthakaṃ bhavatīti prayojakaṃ kalpyate. tatraikasminn api prayojake siddhe 'rthavaty upadeśe nānyad api prayojakaṃ bhavitum arhati. na ca, na gamyate viśeṣaḥ. kathaṃ gamyate? mukhyaśabdābhisaṃstavāt, mukhyaśabdaḥ saṃstotuṃ nyāyya iti, prāthamyāt tu tasya tāvat prayojakatvajñānam{*4/75*}, tasmin sati prayojake, parikṣatatvād{*4/76*} ānarthakyasya, na dvitīyam api prayojakam, prathamā cāmikṣā, dvitīyaṃ vājinam, tasmād āmikṣā prayoktrī.
api ca mukhyaśabdena ca, āmikṣā stūyate - mithunaṃ vai dadhi ca śṛtaṃ ca, atha yat saṃsṛṣṭaṃ maṇḍam iva mastv{*4/77*} iva pari ca dadṛśe{*4/78*} [451]{*4/79*} garbha eva sa iti, garbhastutāmikṣā{*4/80*}, mithunasya ca garbhaḥ prayojakaḥ, na garbhodakam. tasmād apy āmikṣā prayojiketi manyāmahe. kiṃ bhavati prayojanam? yady ubhayaṃ prayojakam, vājine naṣṭe, punas tapte payasi dadhy ānetavyam, atha vājinam aprayojakam, naṣṭe vājine lopo dadhyānayanasya.
NOTES:
*{4/75: E2: prayojakatvaṃ jñānam}*
*{4/76: E2: parihṛtatvād}*
*{4/77: E2 om. mastv}*
*{4/78: E2: paridṛśyate}*
*{4/79: E2: 5,21; E6: 2,11}*
*{4/80: E2: garbhasaṃstutāmikṣā}*
padakarmāprayojakaṃ nayanasya parārthatvāt

jyotiṣṭome śrūyate - aruṇayā piṅgākṣyaikahāyanyā somaṃ krīṇātīti{*4/81*}. tatredam aparaṃ śrūyate - ṣaṭ padāny anuniṣkrāmatīti{*4/82*}, tathā, saptamaṃ padaṃ gṛhṇātīti. idam aparam - yarhi havirdhāne prācī pravartayeyus tarhi tenākṣam añjyād{*4/83*} iti{*4/84*}. tatra saṃdehaḥ - kiṃ somakrayaṇyānayanaṃ padapāṃsvartham, uta krayaprayuktam iti. kiṃ prāptam? nayanād ubhayaṃ niṣpadyate, krayaḥ padaṃ ca, tasmād ubhayaṃ prayojakam. na hi gamyate viśeṣa iti, tad uktam - ekaniṣpatteḥ sarvaṃ samaṃ syād iti{*4/85*}.
evaṃ prāpte brūmaḥ - padakarmāprayojakam iti. kutaḥ? yasmān nayanaṃ krayārtham, na hi nayanam antareṇa viśiṣṭe deśe kraya upapadyate. tasmāt krayeṇa tāvan nayanaṃ prayuktam iti gamyate. krayaprayuktaṃ cet, na padaprayuktam api bhavitum arhati.
api ca, ekahāyanyāḥ padapāṃsavo grahītavyā iti nāsti śabdaḥ. nanu prakṛtaikahāyanī padapāṃsugrahaṇavākyena{*4/86*} [452]{*4/87*} saṃbhantsyate. neti brūmaḥ - ekahāyanyā krīṇātīti viśiṣṭena vākyena kraye, upadiṣṭaikahāyanī prakṛtatvāt padapāṃsuvākyena saṃbadhyate, prakaraṇāc ca vākyaṃ balīyaḥ. athedānīm, ekahāyanī krayaṇārthaṃ saṃkīrtitā satī saṃnihitatvāt prasaṅgam upajīvatā padapāṃsuvākyena saṃbadhyeta, yāsau parārthā, etasyāḥ padaṃ grāhyam iti. tasmāt krayapayuktaṃ nayanam, aprayojakaṃ padam iti.
kiṃ punaś cintāyāḥ prayojanam? yady ubhayam ekahāyanīnayanasya prayojakam, yadaikahāyanyāḥ saptaṃ padaṃ grāvaṇi nidhīyate, tadā punar ekahāyanī nīyeta saptamāya padāya, yadā padaṃ na prayojakam, tadā naikahāyanī punaḥ ṣaṭ padāny anuniṣkrāmayayitavyeti.
NOTES:
*{4/81: Tait.S. 6.1.6.7}*
*{4/82: Tait.S. 6.1.8.1}*
*{4/83: E2: upāñjāt}*
*{4/84: Tait.S. 3.1.3.1}*
*{4/85: MS 4.1.22}*
*{4/86: E2: padapāṃsugrahaṇavākye}*
*{4/87: E2: 5,22; E6: 2,12}*
arthābhidhānakarma ca bhaviṣyatā saṃyogasya tannimittatvāt tadartho hi vidhīyate

darśapūrṇamāsayoḥ śrūyate - kapāleṣu puroḍāśaṃ śrapayatīti{*4/88*}, tathā - puroḍāśakapālena tuṣān upavapatīti. tatra saṃdehaḥ - kim ubhayaṃ kapālāni prayojayati, puroḍāśaśrapaṇaṃ tuṣopavāpaś ca, uta śrapaṇaṃ prayojakam, na tuṣopavāpa iti. kiṃ prāptam? vinigamanāyāṃ hetor abhāvād ubhayam.
iti prāpte ucyate, arthābhidhānaṃ prayojanasaṃbaddham abhidhānaṃ yasya, yathā puroḍāśakapālam iti, puroḍāśārthaṃ kapālaṃ puroḍāśakapālam. katham etad avagamyate? puroḍāśas tāvat tasmin kāle nāsti, yena vartamānaḥ saṃbandhaḥ kapālena syāt. tenaiva hetunā na bhūtaḥ, sa eṣa kapālasya puroḍāśeṇa bhaviṣyatā [453]{*4/89*} saṃbandhaḥ, bhaviṣyatā saṃbandhaś ca tan nimittasya bhavati. tasmāt puroḍāśena prayuktaṃ yat kapālam, tena tuṣā upavaptavyā iti. evaṃ ca sati carau puroḍāśābhāve yadā tuṣānupavaptuṃ kapālam upādīyate, na tat puroḍāśakapālaṃ syāt. na cen na tena tuṣā upavaptavyā bhavanti. tasmān na tuṣopavāpaḥ kapālānāṃ prayojakaḥ, prayojalkaṃ tu śrapaṇam iti.
NOTES:
*{4/88: Tait.S. 2.3.6.2}*
*{4/89: E2: 5,23; E6: 2,13}*
paśāv anālambhāl lohitaśakṛtor akarmatvam

asti jyotiṣṭome paśur agniṣomīyaḥ. tatra śrūyate - hṛdayasyāgre 'vadyaty atha jihvāyā ityevamādi{*4/90*}. tathā, lohitaṃ nirasyati, śakṛt saṃpravidhyati, sthavimato varhiraṃlktāpāsyatīti{*4/91*}{*4/92*}. tatra saṃdehaḥ, kiṃ hṛdayādibhir avadānair ijyā paśoḥ prayoktrī, uta śakṛt saṃpravyādho lohitanirasanaṃ ca tad api prayojakam iti. kiṃ prāptam? ekaniṣpatteḥ sarvaṃ samaṃ syād{*4/93*}, ubhayaṃ prayojakam iti.
evaṃ prāpte brūmaḥ, paśau{*4/94*} śakṛllohitayor aprayojakatvam, na hi tadarthaḥ paśor ālambhaḥ{*4/95*}, sakṛt saṃpravidhyati lohitam apāsyatīty ucyate, na paśor anyasya veti, paśur agnīṣomīyo vākyena, yo dīkṣito yad agnīṣomīyaṃ paśum ālabhata iti{*4/96*}. śakṛllohite paśoḥ prakaraṇena bhavetām, prakaraṇaṃ ca vākyena bādhyate. nanv ete śakṛllohite pratipādyete, tena yāgārthasya paśor nānyasyeti niścayaḥ. evaṃ cet, aprayojake śakṛllohita iti. kiṃ bhavati prayojanam? sāmye sati śakṛllohitābhāve 'nyaḥ paśur ālambhanīyaḥ, śakṛllohitayor aprayojakatve lopaḥ.
[454]{*4/97*}
NOTES:
*{4/90: Tait.S. 6.3.10.4}*
*{4/91: E2: barhiraṅktvāpāsyatīti; E6: barhiralaṅktāpāsyatīti}*
*{4/92: Tait.S. 6.3.9.2}*
*{4/93: MS 4.1.22}*
*{4/94: E2 om. paśau}*
*{4/95: E2 om. śakṛl lohitayor aprayojakatvam, na hi tadarthaḥ paśor ālambhaḥ}*
*{4/96: Tait.S. 6.1.11.6}*
*{4/97: E2: 5,24; E6: 2,13}*
ekadeśadravyaś{*4/98*} cotpattau vidyamānasaṃyogāt

darśapūrṇamāsayoḥ{*4/99*} śrūyate - uttarārdhāt sviṣṭakṛte samavadyatīti{*4/100*}. tatra saṃdehaḥ, kiṃ puroḍāśasyāgneyayāgaḥ prayojakaḥ, sviṣṭakṛd aprayojaka utobhayam iti. kiṃ prāptam? ekaniṣpatteḥ sarvaṃ samaṃ syād iti{*4/101*}. evaṃ prāpte brumaḥ, ekadeśadravyaś{*4/102*} caivaṃjātīyako 'prayojako bhavet. kutaḥ? vidyamānasaṃyogāt, na, ekadeśakarmāvayavinaṃ prayuṅkte, vidyamānasyāvayavina ekadeśa upādātavya iti, tatrārtho bhavati, nāvayavinam upādadīteti, yathekṣukhaṇḍam asmai prayaccha, modakaśakalam asmai prayaccheti, nekṣum upādadīteti gamyate, sata ikṣoḥ khaṇḍam upādadīta, sato modakāc chakalam upādadīteti. tasmād anyārthaṃ dravyaṃ tasyottarārdhād avadeyam, asti cāgnyarthaḥ puroḍāśaḥ. tasmād viṣṭakṛd aprayojaka iti.
NOTES:
*{4/98: E2: ekadeśadravyaṃ}*
*{4/99: E2: ekadeśadravyaṃ}*
*{4/100: Tait.S. 2.6.6.5}*
*{4/101: MS 4.1.22}*
*{4/102: E2: ekadeśadravyaṃ}*
nirdeśāt tasyānyad arthād iti

iti cet paśyasi, aprayojakaḥ puroḍāśasya sviṣṭakṛd iti, naitad evam, agniṃ prati nirdeśāt tasya puroḍāśasya{*4/103*} sviṣṭakṛd artham anyaḥ puroḍāśa utpādayitavyaḥ, yasyottarārdhāt sviṣṭakṛd ijyate, tasyāgnaye saṃkalpitasya neṣṭe yajamānaḥ. katham asau tad anyasyai devatāyai dadyāt. katham agniṃ prati nirdeśa iti. idaṃ śrūyate - aṅgiraso vā ita uttamāḥ suvargaṃ loka[455]{*4/104*}māyaṃs te yajñavāstv abhyāyaṃs te puroḍāśaṃ kūrmaṃ bhūtvā sarpantam apaśyaṃs tam abruvann indrāya dhriyasva bṛhaspataye dhriyasvādityāya dhriyasva sa nādhriyata tam abruvan agnaye dhriyasveti so 'dhriyata yadāgneyo 'ṣṭākapālo{*4/105*} 'māvāsyāyāṃ paurṇamāsyāṃ cācyuto bhavatīti{*4/106*}. tasmāt tena sviṣṭakṛto na saṃbandhaḥ. evaṃ cet tasmād anyad dravyam arthād utpādayitavyam, na hy anutpannasya dravyasyottarārdho bhavatīti.
NOTES:
*{4/103: E1 hat puroḍāśasya in Klammern}*
*{4/104: E2: 5,25; E6: 2,14}*
*{4/105: E2: 'ṣṭakapālo}*
*{4/106: Tait.S. 2.6.3.2}*
na śeṣasaṃnidhānāt

naitad evaṃ saṃnihito hi śeṣaḥ, yasminn anutpādyamāne 'rtho na sidhyati, so 'rthād upādyate. saṃnihite ca śeṣe sati sidhyaty uttarārdhād grahaṇam. tasmān nārthād dravyam utpādayitavyam, yad evānyārthaṃ dravyaṃ saṃnihitam, tasyaivottarārdhād grahītavyam. uttarārdhamātraṃ hi sviṣṭakṛte śrūyate nāmuṣya dravyasyeti. na caitāvatā vyavahāro bhavati, sarvo hi kasyacid uttarārdhaḥ, sa eṣa saṃnihitam apekṣate, saṃnihitaṃ ca parārtham. tasmāt parārthād dravyāt sviṣṭakṛd ijyā. ataś cāprayojiketi. yad uktam, anīśānena na śakyaṃ dātum iti, tad ucyate, vācanika eṣa śeṣapratipādanārtha utsargaḥ, sa śakyaḥ kartum. dānaṃ hy utsargapūrvakaḥ parasya svatvasaṃbandhaḥ, sa na śakyo 'nīśānena.
karmakāryāt

karmanimittaś ca sviṣṭakṛto bhāga iti śrūyate. katham? devā vai sviṣṭakṛtam abruvan havyaṃ no vaheti, so 'bravīd varaṃ vṛṇai [456]{*4/107*} bhāgo me 'stv iti vṛṇīṣvety abruvan so 'bravīd uttarārdhād eva mahyaṃ sakṛt sakṛd avadyād iti. karma kurvato bhāgo 'yam uttarārdhād iti stutir bhavati. yady āgneyasyottarārdhād ity ucyate, tato 'sti karmārthena bhāgena sādṛśyam idam, tadāgneyaṃ havyaṃ yat kila vahasīti, tatra sati sādṛśye stutir upapadyate, prayojakatve cāsati sādṛśye stutisāmañjasyaṃ na syāt. tasmād aprayojakaḥ puroḍāśasya sviṣṭakṛdyāga iti.
NOTES:
*{4/107: E2: 5,26; E6: 2,15}*
liṅgadarśanāc ca

liṅgam api bhavati - tad yat sarvebhyo havirbhyaḥ samavadyati, tasmād idam udare viśvarūpam annaṃ samavadhīyata iti, yadi parārthād dravyāt saṃnihitād ijyate, tadā satsaṃnidhānāviśeṣāt sarvebhyo 'vadīyata ity upapadyate. prayojakatve tv ekasmād evāvadīyeta. tasmād apy aprayojakaḥ. tathedam aparaṃ liṅgam - śeṣād iḍām avadyati, śeṣāt sviṣṭakṛtaṃ yajatīti. nanv ayaṃ vidhiḥ syāt. neti brūmaḥ, nātra vidhivibhaktir vartamānāpadeśo hy ayam iti.
abhighāraṇe viprakarṣād anuyājavat pātrabhedaḥ syāt

asti vājapeyaḥ, vāyapeyena svārājyakāmo yajeteti. tatra śrūyate - saptadaśa prājāpatyān paśūn ālabhate, saptadaśo vai prajāpatiḥ prajāpater āptyai, iti{*4/108*}, prājāpatyānāṃ kratupaśūnāṃ ca samuccayo vakṣyate - prajāpātyeṣu cāmnānād iti{*4/109*}. asti [457]{*4/110*} tu prakṛtau, prayājaśeṣeṇa havīṃṣy abhighārayatīti{*4/111*}. tatra saṃdehaḥ - kiṃ prājāpatyānāṃ vapā abhighārayituṃ prayājaśeṣasya dhāraṇārthaṃ pātram aparam utpādayitavyam, tatas tena prājāpatyānāṃ vapā abhighārayitavyāḥ, uta na śeṣo dhārayitavyaḥ, naiva tataḥ prājāpatyānāṃ vapā abhighāraṇīyā iti. kiṃ prāptam? abhighāraṇe prayājaśeṣadhāraṇārthaṃ pātram utpādyeta, prātaḥsavane ca prayājaśeṣo viprakṛṣṭakāle{*4/112*} mādhyaṃdine savane, brahmasāmakāle prājāpatyānām ālabhyaḥ śrūyate - tān paryagnikṛtān utsṛjanti, brahmasāmny ālabhata iti{*4/113*}, vyāpṛtā ca juhūr bhavati. tasmāt pātrāntaram utpādanīyam iti, yathānuyājeṣu pṛṣadājyadhāraṇārthaṃ pātram utpādyate, pṛṣadājyenānuyājān yajatīti{*4/114*} vacanāt, evam atrāpīti.
NOTES:
*{4/108: Tait.Br. 1.3.4.3-4}*
*{4/109: MS 10.4.6}*
*{4/110: E2: 5,27; E6: 2,15}*
*{4/111: Tait.Br. 1.3.4.4}*
*{4/112: E2: viprakṛṣṭe kāle}*
*{4/113: Tait.Br. 1.3.4.4}*
*{4/114: Tait.S. 6.3.11.6}*
na vāpātratvād apātratvaṃ tv ekadeśatvāt

na vā prājāpatyānāṃ vapā abhighāryāḥ. kutaḥ? śeṣābhāvāt. kathaṃ śeṣābhāva iti cet. apātratvāt. katham apātratā? ekadeśatvāt, prayājārthasya hi gṛhītasyājyasya sa ekadeśaḥ śeṣaḥ. kim ataḥ? yady evam, ekadeśavyāpāraḥ śrūyamāṇo nāvayavinam upādeyatvena codayati.
āha, utpattiṃ na codayet, dhāraṇam utpannasyārthād bhaviṣyatīti. ucyate, ekadeśatvād abhighāraṇaṃ dravyam eva na prayuṅkta ity ucyate, kṛtārthasya dravyasyāyam ekadeśaḥ pratipādyate, nābhighāraṇam arthakarma. nanu haviṣām, dvitīyānirdeśāt prādhānyaṃ syāt. nety ucyate, adṛṣṭo hi haviṣām upakāraḥ kalpyeta, ājyaprādhānye punar juhvā riktatvaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ prayojanam, ājyabhāgārthenājyenāsaṃsargaḥ, juhvā [458]{*4/115*} riktayā prayojanam, nābhighṛtena haviṣā. tasmāt prājāpatyānām abhighāritābhir vapābhiḥ prayojanam eva nāsti, kim arthaṃ śeṣo dhāryata iti.
NOTES:
*{4/115: E2: 5,28; E6: 2,16}*
hetutvāc ca sahaprayogasya

hetutvāc cābhighāraṇasya, sahālabhata iti stutir bhavati, tīrthaṃ vai prātaḥsavanam, yat prātaḥsavane paśava ālabhyante, tīrtha evaitān ālabhate, sayonitvāyārtho vapānām abhighṛtatvāya, ity arthānatareṇa vapābhighāraṇam anugṛhṇan nehāstīti darśayati.
abhāvadarśanāc ca

abhāvaṃ khalv apy abhigdhāraṇasya darśayati - savyā vā etarhi vapā yarhy anabhighṛtāḥ, brahma vai brahmasāma, yad brahmasāmny ālabhate tenāsavyāḥ, tenābhighṛtā iti. savyaśabdo rūkṣe bhāṣyate, savyā vapety anabhighṛtatāṃ darśayati.
sati savyavacanam

āha naitad darśanam, saty eva hy abhighāraṇe bhavaty etat savyavacanam, asti hi vapāyā anyad abhighāraṇam - upastṛṇāty ājyaṃ hiraṇyaśakalam, vapā hiraṇyaśakalaṃ tato 'bhighārayatīti{*4/116*}. tasmin sati kathaṃ savyā bhaveyuḥ? brūte{*4/117*} ca, tasmān naitac chakyam avagantum rūkṣās tā vapā dṛśyanta iti, tena nūnam abhighāraṇaṃ prayājaśeṣeṇāstīti, saty asminn abhighāraṇe pratyakṣe, rūkṣās tā iti darśanaṃ vyāmoha iti{*4/118*}.
[459]{*4/119*}
NOTES:
*{4/116: Ait.Br. 2.14}*
*{4/117: E2: śrūyate}*
*{4/118: E2: pratyakṣam arūkṣās tāḥ. ato rūkṣāvacanaṃ vyāmoha iti}*
*{4/119: E2: 5,29; E6: 2,17}*
na tasyeti cet

evaṃ ced dṛśyate, saty abhighāraṇe savyā iti vacanam aliṅgam iti, nāliṅgam, tasyaitad vacanam, yat snehanaṃ karoti. katamat tat? yat prathamam, prathamaṃ hi snehanaṃ karoti, na dvitīyam. snigdhasya tad bhavati, na ca snigdhasya snehanaṃ kriyate, yathā bhavati loke vādaḥ, yad asmābhiḥ kāntārān nirgatair devadattasya gṛhe snigdham bhuktam{*4/120*}, tena vayam arūkṣāḥ kṛtā iti, satsv apy anyeṣu snigdheṣv eva bhojaneṣu, evaṃ tasyārūkṣākaraṇasyābhighāraṇasyābhāvād rūkṣā iti vacanam upapadyate, asmiṃs tu sati nopapadyate. tasmād api prayājaśeṣeṇābhighāraṇaṃ prājāpatyānāṃ nāstīti.
NOTES:
*{4/120: E2: snigdham annaṃ bhuktaṃ}*
syāt tasya mukhyatvāt

idaṃ padottaraṃ sūtram{*4/121*}. yadi prathamasyābhāvāt savyā iti vacanaṃ bhavaty anupapannam, tarhy anyasya prathamasya vidyamānatvāt. katamat tat? yac chrapyamāṇāyā aparam udvāsitāyāḥ. atrocyate - syāt tasya mukhyatvāt, yat prayājaśeṣeṇābhighāraṇam, tasyaivābhāvād etad upapadyate, saty api śrapyamāṇāyā abhighāraṇa udvāsitāyāś ca, yat tāvac chrapyamāṇāyāḥ, tad agner arcīṃṣi dahanti, yad udvāsitāyāḥ, tad agnyavayavā{*4/122*} ūṣmāvayavāś ca nāśayanti, saiṣā rūkṣaiva, idaṃ tu prayājaśeṣeṇa śītāyāḥ kriyate, tat snehayati, tena snigdhāyāḥ padānakālam abhighāraṇaṃ yat, tan na snehayati. tad idaṃ snehanasyābhighāraṇasyābhāvāt savyatāvacanam upapadyata ity uktam, tasmān na prayājaśeṣo dhāryata iti.
[460]{*4/123*}
NOTES:
*{4/121: E1 gibt idaṃ padottaraṃ sūtram in Klammern}*
*{4/122: E2: agnyam athavā}*
*{4/123: E2: 5,29; E6: 2,17}*
samānayanaṃ tu mukhyaṃ syāl liṅgadarśanāt

darśapūrṇamāsayoḥ śrūyate - atihāyeḍo barhiḥ prati samānayatīti. tatra saṃdehaḥ, kiṃ samānayanam ājyasya dharmāṇāṃ ca prayojakam, utāprayojakam iti. kiṃ prāptam? aprayojakam iti. kutaḥ? prayājānuyājārthasyājyasyāyam ekadeśaḥ samānīyata iti, pūrveṇa nyāyenāprayojakatā prāptā. tad ucyate - mukhyaṃ samānayanaṃ liṅgadarśanāt. kiṃ liṅgam? caturgṛhītāny ājyāni bhavanti, na hy atrānuyājān yakṣyan bhavatīty ātithyāyāṃ śrūyate, yadi prayājārthaṃ samānayanam, tatas tatraikaṃ caturgṛhītaṃ samānīyate. ekam apy anuyājānāṃ bhavati, tataś cātithyeḍāṃ tā saṃtiṣṭhata ity anuyājābhāva upabhṛti samānayanārtham ekaṃ caturgṛhītaṃ grāhyam, na tv anuyājārtham. tatra bahūnāṃ caturgṛhītānāṃ darśanam upapadyate, itarathā hy anuyājābhāve naivopabhṛti catur gṛhyeta, tatra caturgṛhītānīti bahuvacanaṃ nopapadyate. tasmāt prayojakaṃ samānayanam iti.
nanu liṅgam upadiśyate, kā prāptiḥ? ucyate - dṛṣṭaṃ tatra prayojanaṃ prayājau dvau yaṣṭavyau, tatra juhvām ājyena prayojanaṃ nopabhṛti riktāyām, upabhṛto recanam adṛṣṭārthaṃ juhvāṃ nidhānaṃ dṛṣṭārtham eva. tena prayājahomārtham ājyasamānayanam aupabhṛtam ājyaṃ [461]{*4/124*} prayojayati. tad api hi prayājārtham anuyājārthaṃ ceti vakṣyate.
NOTES:
*{4/124: E2: 5,31; E6: 2,18}*
vacane hi hetvasāmarthye

atha kasmān na vacanam etat, na caturgṛhītāny ājyānīti. ucyate, vacane hi hetur asamarthitaḥ syāt, na hy atrānuyājān yakṣyan bhavatīti. yadā samānayanaṃ na prayājārtham iti gamyate, tadā vacanam. yadā vacanam, tadā nānuyājābhāvo hetuḥ, asati hetau, na hy atrānuyājān yakṣyan bhavatīti hetuvan nigado nopapadyeta. tasmāt prayājārthaṃ samānayanaṃ prayojakam aupabhṛtasyājyasya. kiṃ bhavati prayojanam? paryājārthe samānayane yāvat prayājārtham, tāvat sarvaṃ samāneyam, ardham aupabhṛtasya, aprayojanakatve na niyogato 'rdhaṃ yāvat tādvat vā.
tatrotpattir avibhaktā syāt

darśapūrṇamāsayoḥ śrūyate - caturjuhvāṃ gṛhṇāty aṣṭāv upabhṛti gṛhṇātīti{*4/125*}. tatra saṃdehaḥ, kiṃ jauhavam aupabhṛtaṃ cobhayam ubhayārtham, prayājebhyaś cānuyājebhyaś ca, uta jauhavaṃ prayājebhyaḥ, aupabhṛtam anuyājebhyaḥ? athavā aupabhṛtaṃ prayājebhyo 'nuyājebhyaś ceti. kiṃ prāptam? ubhayam ubhayārtham. kutaḥ? yad yad ājyena kriyate, tasmai tasmai bhavitum arhaty aviśeṣāt.
NOTES:
*{4/125: Tait.Br.3.3.5.4-5}*
tatra jauhavam anuyājapratiṣedhārtham

naivam, ubhayam ubhayārtham iti, jauhavaṃ prayājārtham, aupa[462]{*4/126*}bhṛtam ubhayārtham. katham? yaj juhvāṃ gṛhṇāti, ṛtubhyas tad gṛhṇāti, ṛtavo vai prayājā iti jauhavavacanam anuyājapratiṣedhārthaṃ prayājān saṃkīrtayati.
āha, nanu nāsty atrānuyājapratiṣedhārthaṃ vacanam, yad etat prayājebhyas tad gṛhṇātīti{*4/127*}, prayājeṣūpadeśakam etat, nāsty asyānuyājapratiṣedhe sāmarthyam iti. ucyate - na brūmaḥ, pratiṣedhakam etad iti. kiṃ tūtpattivākya ājyānāṃ naiva prayojanābhisaṃbandhaḥ, anena vacanena prayājaprayojanatā kriyate jauhavasya, anuyājaprayojanatāsya vacanābhāvād eva na gamyata iti, anuyājapratiṣedhārthaṃ vacanam ity ucyate.
NOTES:
*{4/126: E2: 5,32; E6: 2,19}*
*{4/127: ŚPBr 1.3.2.8}*
aupabhṛtaṃ tatheti cet

iti ced dṛśyate, jauhavam anuyājebhyaḥ pratiṣidhyate, aupabhṛtam ubhayārtham iti, bhavatu jauhavaṃ prayājārtham, na tv aupabhṛtam ubhayārtham. tad api tathā syāt, yathā jauhavam. katham? etad apy anuyājārtham eva śrūyate, yad upabhṛti gṛhṇāty anuyājebhyas tad gṛhṇāti chandāṃsi hy anuyājā iti. anuyājārthatāsyeti.
syāj juhūpratiṣedhān nityānuvādaḥ

naitad evam, ubhayārthaṃ hy aupabhṛtam, evaṃ hi śrūyate - yad aṣṭāv upabhṛti gṛhṇāti prayājānuyājebhyas tad gṛhṇātīti{*4/128*}. nanūktam, anuyājebhyas tad gṛhṇātīty anuyājārthatāsyeti. ucyate, juhūpratiṣedhān nityānuvādaḥ. ubhayasminn aupabhṛte jauhave ca{*4/129*} ubhayārthe prāpte jauhavam anuyājebhyaḥ pratiṣiddham, naupabhṛtam, tad aupabhṛtasyobhayārthatāyāṃ satyām anu[463]{*4/130*}yājārthatāvacanaṃ nityānuvādo bhavitum arhati, na śaknoti prayājārthatāṃ pratiṣeddhum, pratyakṣaśrutā hi sā, tasmād aupabhṛtam ubhayārtham. samānayanaṃ ca tato juhvāṃ śrūyate, tasmād api prayājārthatā na śakyā bādhitum.
NOTES:
*{4/128: ŚPBr 1.3.2.9}*
*{4/129: E1 gibt aupabhṛte jauhave ca in Klammern}*
*{4/130: E2: 5,33; E6: 2,19}*
tadaṣṭasaṃkhyaṃ śravaṇāt

aṣṭāv upabhṛti gṛhṇātīti{*4/131*} śrūyate. tatra saṃdehaḥ, kiṃ tad aupabhṛtam ājyam aṣṭasaṃkhyena grahaṇena saṃskriyate, uta catuḥsaṃkhyā guṇabhūtā dvayor grahaṇayor iti. kiṃ tāvat prāptam? aṣṭasaṃkhyā guṇabhūtā, na catuḥsaṃkhye dve iti. kutaḥ? śravaṇād aṣṭasaṃkhyā śrūyate, catuḥsaṃkhyā aṣṭasaṃkhyayā lakṣyate, śrutilakṣaṇāviśaye ca śrutir nyāyyā, tasmād aṣṭasaṃkhyaṃ grahaṇam etad iti.
NOTES:
*{4/131: Tait.Br. 3.3.5.5}*
anugrahāc ca jauhavasya

anugrahavādaś ca bhavati - caturgṛhītaṃ vā etad abhūt tasyāghāram āghārya triritaḥ{*4/132*} prācīnaṃ{*4/133*} prayājān yajati samānayate caturgṛhītatvāyeti caturgṛhītānugrahaḥ kathaṃ syād iti. kiṃ caturgṛhītaṃ bhavati samānayanena? neti brūmaḥ, caturgṛhītaṃ prathamam eva tat, āghāre 'py āghārite, yad avaśiṣṭaṃ catuḥsaṃkhyam eva tasya grahaṇam āsīt. kiṃ tarhi caturgṛhītatvāyeti. caturgṛhītasyānugrahārtham, alpaṃ hi caturgṛhītaṃ homāyāparyāptam, tat paryāptaṃ kathaṃ syād iti. evaṃ caturgṛhītaśabdenālpam iti lakṣyate, alpatvaṃ ca bahutvaṃ kasyacid apekṣya bhavati, yadi hy aupabhṛtam aṣṭasaṃkhyam evaṃ caturgṛhītam [464]{*4/134*} alpaṃ bhavati, tatra{*4/135*} caturgṛhītaśabdena alpatā śakyate lakṣayitum. tasmād api paśyāmaḥ, aupabhṛte 'ṣṭasaṃkhyā guṇabhūteti.
NOTES:
*{4/132: E2: trīnitaḥ}*
*{4/133: E2: prācīnān}*
*{4/134: E2: 5,34; E6: 2,20}*
*{4/135: E2 om. caturgṛhītam alpaṃ bhavati, tatra}*
dvayos tu hetusāmarthyaṃ śravaṇaṃ ca samānayane