Manu Smriti · Chapter 1

manum ekāgram āsīnam abhigamya maharṣayaḥ
pratipūjya yathānyāyam idaṃ vacanam abruvan //

bhagavan sarvavarṇānāṃ yathāvad anupūrvaśaḥ
antaraprabhavānāṃ ca dharmān no vaktum arhasi //

tvam eko hy asya sarvasya vidhānasya svayaṃbhuvaḥ
acintyasyāprameyasya kāryatattvārthavit prabho //

sa taiḥ pṛṣṭas tathā samyag amitaujā mahātmabhiḥ
pratyuvācārcya tān sarvān maharṣīñ śrūyatām iti //

āsīd idaṃ tamobhūtam aprajñātam alakṣaṇam
apratarkyam avijñeyaṃ prasuptam iva sarvataḥ //

tataḥ svayaṃbhūr bhagavān avyakto vyañjayann idam
mahābhūtādi vṛttaujāḥ prādur āsīt tamonudaḥ //

yo 'sāv atīndriyagrāhyaḥ sūkṣmo 'vyaktaḥ sanātanaḥ
sarvabhūtamayo 'cintyaḥ sa eva sa eṣa svayam udbabhau //

so 'bhidhyāya śarīrāt svāt sisṛkṣur vividhāḥ prajāḥ
apa eva sasarjādau tāsu vīryam avāsṛjat //

tad aṇḍam abhavad dhaimaṃ sahasrāṃśusamaprabham
tasmiñ jajñe svayaṃ brahmā sarvalokapitāmahaḥ //

āpo narā iti proktā āpo vai narasūnavaḥ
tā yad asyāyanaṃ pūrvaṃ tena nārāyaṇaḥ smṛtaḥ //

yat tat kāraṇam avyaktaṃ nityaṃ sadasadātmakaṃ
tadvisṛṣṭaḥ sa puruṣo loke brahmeti kīrtyate //

tasminn aṇḍe sa bhagavān uṣitvā parivatsaram
svayam evātmano dhyānāt tad aṇḍam akarod dvidhā //

tābhyāṃ sa śakalābhyāṃ ca divaṃ bhūmiṃ ca nirmame
madhye vyoma diśaś cāṣṭāv apāṃ sthānaṃ ca śāśvataṃ //

udbabarhātmanaś caiva manaḥ sadasadātmakam
manasaś cāpy ahaṃkāram abhimantāram īśvaram //

mahāntam eva cātmānaṃ sarvāṇi triguṇāni ca
viṣayāṇāṃ grahītṝṇi śanaiḥ pañcendriyāṇi ca //

teṣāṃ tv avayavān sūkṣmān ṣaṇṇām apy amitaujasām
saṃniveśyātmamātrāsu sarvabhūtāni nirmame //

yan mūrtyavayavāḥ sūkṣmās tānīmāny āśrayanti ṣaṭ
tasmāc charīram ity āhus tasya mūrtiṃ manīṣiṇaḥ //

tad āviśanti bhūtāni mahānti saha karmabhiḥ
manaś cāvayavaiḥ sūkṣmaiḥ sarvabhūtakṛd avyayam //

teṣām idaṃ tu saptānāṃ puruṣāṇāṃ mahaujasām
sūkṣmābhyo mūrtimātrābhyaḥ saṃbhavaty avyayād vyayam //

ādyādyasya guṇaṃ tv eṣām avāpnoti paraḥ paraḥ
yo yo yāvatithaś caiṣāṃ sa sa tāvad guṇaḥ smṛtaḥ //

sarveṣāṃ tu sa nāmāni karmāṇi ca pṛthak pṛthak
vedaśabdebhya evādau pṛthak saṃsthāś ca nirmame //

karmātmanāṃ ca devānāṃ so 'sṛjat prāṇināṃ prabhuḥ
sādhyānāṃ ca gaṇaṃ sūkṣmaṃ yajñaṃ caiva sanātanam //

agnivāyuravibhyas tu trayaṃ brahma sanātanam
dudoha yajñasiddhyartham ṛgyajuḥsāmalakṣaṇam //

kālaṃ kālavibhaktīś ca nakṣatrāṇi grahāṃs tathā
saritaḥ sāgarāñ śailān samāni viṣamāni ca //

tapo vācaṃ ratiṃ caiva kāmaṃ ca krodham eva ca
sṛṣṭiṃ sasarja caivemāṃ sraṣṭum icchann imāḥ prajāḥ //

karmaṇāṃ ca vivekārthaṃ vivekāya dharmādharmau vyavecayat
dvandvair ayojayac cemāḥ sukhaduḥkhādibhiḥ prajāḥ //

aṇvyo mātrā vināśinyo daśārdhānāṃ tu yāḥ smṛtāḥ
tābhiḥ sārdham idaṃ sarvaṃ saṃbhavaty anupūrvaśaḥ //

yaṃ tu karmaṇi yasmin sa nyayuṅkta prathamaṃ prabhuḥ
sa tad eva svayaṃ bheje sṛjyamānaḥ punaḥ punaḥ //

hiṃsrāhiṃsre mṛdukrūre dharmādharmāv ṛtānṛte
yad yasya so 'dadhāt sarge tat tasya svayam āviśat //

yathā rtuliṅgāny ṛtavaḥ svayam eva rtuparyaye
svāni svāny abhipadyante tathā karmāṇi dehinaḥ //

lokānāṃ tu vivṛddhyarthaṃ mukhabāhūrupādataḥ
brāhmaṇaṃ kṣatriyaṃ vaiśyaṃ śūdraṃ ca niravartayat //

dvidhā kṛtvātmano deham ardhena puruṣo 'bhavat
ardhena nārī tasyāṃ sa virājam asṛjat prabhuḥ //

tapas taptvāsṛjad yaṃ tu sa svayaṃ puruṣo virāṭ
taṃ māṃ vittāsya sarvasya sraṣṭāraṃ dvijasattamāḥ //

ahaṃ prajāḥ sisṛkṣus tu tapas taptvā suduścaram
patīn prajānām asṛjaṃ maharṣīn ādito daśa //

marīcim atryaṅgirasau pulastyaṃ pulahaṃ kratum
pracetasaṃ vasiṣṭhaṃ ca bhṛguṃ nāradam eva ca //

ete manūṃs tu saptān yān asṛjan bhūritejasaḥ
devān devanikāyāṃś ca maharṣīṃś cāmitaujasaḥ //

yakṣarakṣaḥpiśācāṃś ca gandharvāpsaraso 'surān
nāgān sarpān suparṇāṃś ca pitṝṇāṃś pitṝṇāṃ ca pṛthaggaṇam //

vidyuto 'śanimeghāṃś ca rohitendradhanūṃṣi ca
ulkānirghātaketūṃś ca jyotīṃṣy uccāvacāni ca //

kinnarān vānarān matsyān vividhāṃś ca vihaṅgamān
paśūn mṛgān manuṣyāṃś ca vyālāṃś cobhayatodataḥ //

kṛmikīṭapataṅgāṃś ca yūkāmakṣikamatkuṇam
sarvaṃ ca daṃśamaśakaṃ sthāvaraṃ ca pṛthagvidham //

evam etair idaṃ sarvaṃ manniyogān mahātmabhiḥ
yathākarma tapoyogāt sṛṣṭaṃ sthāvarajaṅgamam //

yeṣāṃ tu yādṛṣaṃ karma bhūtānām iha kīrtitam
tat tathā vo 'bhidhāsyāmi kramayogaṃ ca janmani //

paśavaś ca mṛgāś caiva vyālāś cobhayatodataḥ
rakṣāṃsi ca piśācāś ca manuṣyāś ca manuṣāś ca jarāyujāḥ //

aṇḍājāḥ pakṣiṇaḥ sarpā nakrā matsyāś ca kacchapāḥ
yāni caivaM: prakārāṇi sthalajāny audakāni ca //

svedajaṃ daṃśamaśakaṃ yūkāmakṣikamatkuṇam
ūṣmaṇaś copajāyante yac cānyat kiṃ cid īdṛṣam //

udbhijjāḥ sthāvarāḥ sarve bījakāṇḍaprarohiṇaḥ
oṣadhyaḥ phalapākāntā bahupuṣpaphalopagāḥ //

apuṣpāḥ phalavanto ye te vanaspatayaḥ smṛtāḥ
puṣpiṇaḥ phalinaś caiva vṛkṣās tūbhayataḥ smṛtāḥ //

gucchagulmaṃ tu vividhaṃ tathaiva tṛṇajātayaḥ
bījakāṇḍaruhāṇy eva pratānā vallya eva ca //

tamasā bahurūpeṇa veṣṭitāḥ karmahetunā
antaḥsaṃjñā bhavanty ete sukhaduḥkhasamanvitāḥ //

etadantās tu gatayo brahmādyāḥ samudāhṛtāḥ
ghore 'smin bhūtasaṃsāre nityaṃ satatayāyini //

evaṃ sarvaṃ sa sṛṣṭvedaṃ māṃ cācintyaparākramaḥ
ātmany antardadhe bhūyaḥ kālaṃ kālena pīḍayan //

yadā sa devo jāgarti tad evaṃ ceṣṭate jagat
yadā svapiti śāntātmā tadā sarvaṃ nimīlati //

tasmin svapiti svapati tu svasthe karmātmānaḥ śarīriṇaḥ
svakarmabhyo nivartante manaś ca glānim ṛcchati //

yugapat tu pralīyante yadā tasmin mahātmani
tadāyaṃ sarvabhūtātmā sukhaṃ svapiti nirvṛtaḥ //

tamo 'yaṃ tu samāśritya ciraṃ tiṣṭhati sendriyaḥ
na ca svaṃ kurute karma tadotkrāmati mūrtitaḥ //

yadāṇumātriko bhūtvā bījaṃ sthāsnu cariṣṇu ca
samāviśati saṃsṛṣṭas tadā mūrtiṃ vimuñcati //

evaṃ sa jāgratsvapnābhyām idaṃ sarvaṃ carācaram
saṃjīvayati cājasraṃ pramāpayati cāvyayaḥ //

idaṃ śāstraṃ tu kṛtvāsau mām eva svayam āditaḥ
vidhivad grāhayām āsa marīcyādīṃs tv ahaṃ munīn //

etad vo 'yaṃ bhṛguḥ śāstraṃ śrāvayiṣyaty aśesataḥ
etad dhi matto 'dhijage sarvam eṣo 'khilaṃ muniḥ //

tatas tathā sa tenokto maharṣimanunā bhṛguḥ
tān abravīd ṛṣīn sarvān prītātmā śrūyatām iti //

svāyaṃbhuvasyāsya manoḥ ṣaḍvaṃśyā manavo 'pare
sṛṣṭavantaḥ prajāḥ svāḥ svā mahātmāno mahaujasaḥ //

svārociṣaś cottamaś ca tāmaso raivatas tathā
cākṣuṣaś ca mahātejā vivasvatsuta eva ca //

svāyaṃbhuvādyāḥ saptaite manavo bhūritejasaḥ
sve sve 'ntare sarvam idam utpādyāpuś carācaram //

nimeṣā daśa cāṣṭau ca kāṣṭhā triṃśat tu tāḥ kalā
triṃśat kalā muhūrtaḥ syād ahorātraṃ tu tāvataḥ //

ahorātre vibhajate sūryo mānuṣadaivike
rātriḥ svapnāya bhūtānāṃ ceṣṭāyai karmaṇām ahaḥ //

pitrye rātryahanī māsaḥ pravibhāgas tu pakṣayoḥ
karmaceṣṭāsv ahaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ śuklaḥ svapnāya śarvarī //

daive rātryahanī varṣaṃ pravibhāgas tayoḥ punaḥ
ahas tatrodagayanaṃ rātriḥ syād dakṣiṇāyanam //

brāhmasya tu kṣapāhasya yat pramāṇaṃ samāsataḥ
ekaikaśo yugānāṃ tu kramaśas tan nibodhata //

catvāry āhuḥ sahasrāṇi varsāṇāṃ tat kṛtaṃ yugam
tasya tāvac chatī saṃdhyā saṃdhyāṃśaś ca tathāvidhaḥ //

itareṣu sasaṃdhyeṣu sasaṃdhyāṃśeṣu ca triṣu
ekāpāyena vartante sahasrāṇi śatāni ca //

yad etat parisaṃkhyātam ādāv eva caturyugam
etad dvādaśasāhasraṃ devānāṃ yugam ucyate //

daivikānāṃ yugānāṃ tu sahasraṃ parisaṃkhyayā
brāhmam ekam ahar jñeyaṃ tāvatīṃ rātrim eva ca tāvatī rātrir eva ca //

tad vai yugasahasrāntaṃ brāhmaṃ puṇyam ahar viduḥ
rātriṃ ca tāvatīm eva te 'horātravido janāḥ //

tasya so 'harniśasyānte prasuptaḥ pratibudhyate
pratibuddhaś ca sṛjati manaḥ sadasadātmakam //

manaḥ sṛṣṭiṃ vikurute codyamānaṃ sisṛkṣayā
ākāśaṃ jāyate tasmāt tasya śabdaṃ guṇaṃ viduḥ //

ākāśāt tu vikurvāṇāt sarvagandhavahaḥ śuciḥ
balavāñ jāyate vāyuḥ sa vai sparśaguṇo mataḥ //

vāyor api vikurvāṇād virociṣṇu tamonudam
jyotir utpadyate bhāsvat tad rūpaguṇam ucyate //

jyotiṣaś ca vikurvāṇād āpo rasaguṇāḥ smṛtāḥ
adbhyo gandhaguṇā bhūmir ity eṣā sṛṣṭir āditaḥ //

yad prāg dvādaśasāhasram uditaṃ daivikaṃ yugam
tad ekasaptatiguṇaṃ manvantaram ihocyate //

manvantarāṇy asaṃkhyāni sargaḥ saṃhāra eva ca
krīḍann ivaitat kurute parameṣṭhī punaḥ punaḥ //

catuṣpāt sakalo dharmaḥ satyaṃ caiva kṛte yuge
nādharmeṇāgamaḥ kaś cin manuṣyān prati vartate upavartate //

itareṣv āgamād dharmaḥ pādaśas tv avaropitaḥ
caurikānṛtamāyābhir dharmaś cāpaiti pādaśaḥ //

arogāḥ sarvasiddhārthāś caturvarṣaśatāyuṣaḥ
kṛte tretādiṣu hy eṣāṃ āyur hrasati vayo hrasati pādaśaḥ //

vedoktam āyur martyānām āśiṣaś caiva karmaṇām
phalanty anuyugaṃ loke prabhāvaś ca śarīriṇām //

anye kṛtayuge dharmās tretāyāṃ dvāpare 'pare pare
anye kaliyuge nṝṇāṃ yugahrāsānurūpataḥ //

tapaḥ paraṃ kṛtayuge tretāyāṃ jñānam ucyate
dvāpare yajñam evāhur dānam ekaṃ kalau yuge //

sarvasyāsya tu sargasya guptyarthaṃ sa mahādyutiḥ
mukhabāhūrupajjānāṃ pṛthakkarmāṇy akalpayat //

adhyāpanam adhyayanaṃ yajanaṃ yājanaṃ tathā
dānaṃ pratigrahaṃ caiva brāhmaṇānām akalpayat //

prajānāṃ rakṣaṇaṃ dānam ijyādhyayanam eva ca
viṣayeṣv aprasaktiś ca kṣatriyasya samāsataḥ samādiśat //

paśūnāṃ rakṣaṇaṃ dānam ijyādhyayanam eva ca
vaṇikpathaṃ kusīdaṃ ca vaiśyasya kṛṣim eva ca //

ekam eva tu śūdrasya prabhuḥ karma samādiśat
eteṣām eva varṇānāṃ śuśrūṣām anasūyayā //

ūrdhvaṃ nābher medhyataraḥ puruṣaḥ parikīrtitaḥ
tasmān medhyatamaṃ tv asya mukham uktaṃ svayaṃbhuvā //

uttamāṅgodbhavāj jyeṣṭhyād jyaiṣṭhyād brahmaṇaś caiva dhāraṇāt
sarvasyaivāsya sargasya dharmato brāhmaṇaḥ prabhuḥ //

taṃ hi svayaṃbhūḥ svād āsyāt tapas taptvādito 'sṛjat
havyakavyābhivāhyāya sarvasyāsya ca guptaye //

yasyāsyena sadāśnanti havyāni tridivaukasaḥ
kavyāni caiva pitaraḥ kiṃ bhūtam adhikaṃ tataḥ //

bhūtānāṃ prāṇinaḥ śreṣṭhāḥ prāṇināṃ buddhijīvinaḥ
buddhimatsu narāḥ śreṣṭhā nareṣu brāhmaṇāḥ smṛtāḥ //

brāhmaṇeṣu ca vidvāṃso vidvatsu kṛtabuddhayaḥ
kṛtabuddhiṣu kartāraḥ kartṛṣu brahmavedinaḥ //

utpattir eva viprasya mūrtir dharmasya śāśvatī
sa hi dharmārtham utpanno brahmabhūyāya kalpate //

brāhmaṇo jāyamāno hi pṛthivyām adhijāyate
īśvaraḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ dharmakośasya guptaye //

sarvaṃ svaṃ brāhmaṇasyedaṃ yat kiṃ cij jagatīgataṃ
śraiṣṭhyenābhijanenedaṃ sarvaṃ vai brāhmaṇo 'rhati //

svam eva brāhmaṇo bhuṅkte svaṃ vaste svaṃ dadāti ca
ānṛśaṃsyād brāhmaṇasya bhuñjate hītare janāḥ //

tasya karmavivekārthaṃ śeṣāṇām anupūrvaśaḥ
svāyaṃbhuvo manur dhīmān idaṃ śāstram akalpayat //

viduṣā brāhmaṇenedam adhyetavyaṃ prayatnataḥ
śiśyebhyaś ca pravaktavyaṃ samyaṅ nānyena kena cit //

idaṃ śāstram adhīyāno brāhmaṇaḥ śaṃsitavrataḥ
manovāggehajair nityaṃ karmadoṣair na lipyate //

punāti paṅktiṃ vaṃśyāṃś ca saptasapta parāvarān
pṛthivīm api caivemāṃ kṛtsnām eko 'pi so 'rhati //

idaṃ svastyayanaṃ śreṣṭham idaṃ buddhivivardhanam
idaṃ yaśasyam āyuṣyam idaṃ idaṃ yaśasyaṃ satatam niḥśreyasaṃ param //

asmin dharmo 'khilenokto guṇadoṣau ca karmaṇām
caturṇām api varṇānām ācāraś caiva śāśvataḥ //

ācāraḥ paramo dharmaḥ śrutyuktaḥ smārta eva ca
tasmād asmin sadā yukto nityaṃ syād ātmavān dvijaḥ //

ācārād vicyuto vipro na vedaphalam aśnute
ācāreṇa tu saṃyuktaḥ sampūrṇaphalabhāj bhavet saṃpūrṇaphalabhāk smṛtaḥ //

evam ācārato dṛṣṭvā dharmasya munayo gatiṃ
sarvasya tapaso mūlam ācāraṃ jagṛhuḥ param //

jagataś ca samutpattiṃ saṃskāravidhim eva ca
vratacaryopacāraṃ ca snānasya ca paraṃ vidhim //

dārādhigamanaṃ caiva vivāhānāṃ ca lakṣaṇam
mahāyajñavidhānaṃ ca śrāddhakalpaṃ ca śāśvatam //

vṛttīnāṃ lakṣaṇaṃ caiva snātakasya vratāni ca
bhakṣyābhakṣyaṃ ca śaucaṃ ca dravyāṇāṃ śuddhim eva ca //

strīdharmayogaṃ tāpasyaṃ mokṣaṃ saṃnyāsam eva ca
rājñaś ca dharmam akhilaṃ kāryāṇāṃ ca vinirṇayam //

sākṣipraśnavidhānaṃ ca dharmaṃ strīpuṃsayor api
vibhāgadharmaṃ dyūtaṃ ca kaṇṭakānāṃ ca śodhanam //

vaiśyaśūdropacāraṃ ca saṃkīrṇānāṃ ca saṃbhavam
āpaddharmaṃ ca varṇānāṃ prāyaścittavidhiṃ tathā //

saṃsāragamanaṃ caiva trividhaṃ karmasaṃbhavam
niḥśreyasaṃ karmaṇāṃ ca guṇadoṣaparīkṣaṇam //

deśadharmāñ jātidharmān kuladharmāṃś ca śāśvatān
pāṣaṇḍagaṇadharmāṃś ca śāstre 'sminn uktavān manuḥ //

yathedam uktavāñ śāstraṃ purā pṛṣṭo manur mayā
tathedaṃ yūyam apy adya matsakāśān nibodhata //