Māṇḍūkyopaniṣad with Māṇḍūkyamūlamantrabhāṣya, Māṇḍūkyopaniṣatkārikā, and Āgamaśāstrabhāṣya (with commentary) · Verses 1-1.13

oṃ
tatsadbrahmaṇe+namaḥ
māṇḍūkyopaniṣad
(MANDUKYA UPANISHAD)
śāntipāṭha
oṃ bhadraṃ karṇebhiḥ śṛṇuyāma devā bhadraṃ paśyemākṣabhiryajatrāḥ /
sthirairaṅgaistuṣṭuvā sastanūbhirvyaśema devahitaṃ yadāyuḥ //
oṃ śāntiḥ !! śāntiḥ !! śāntiḥ !!!
svasti na indro vṛddhaśravāḥ svasti naḥ pūṣā viśvavedāḥ /
svasti nastārkṣyo ariṣṭanemiḥ svasti no bṛhaspatirdadhātu //
oṃ śāntiḥ !! śāntiḥ !! śāntiḥ!!!
Āgamaprakaraṇa
INVOCATION
prajñānāṃśupratānaiḥ sthiracaranikaravyāpibhir vyāpya lokān bhuktvā bhogānsthaviṣṭhānpunarapi dhiṣaṇodbhāsitānkāmajanyān /
pītvā sarvān viśeṣān svapiti madhurabhuṅ māyayā bhojayanno māyāsaṃkhyāturīyaṃ paramamṛtamajaṃ brahma yattannato 'smi //1//
yo viśvātmā vidhijaviṣayān prāśya bhogān sthaviṣṭhān paścāc cānyān svamativibhavāñ jyotiṣā svena sūkṣmān /
sarvān etān punar api śanaiḥ svātmani sthāpayitvā hitvā sarvānviśeṣānvigataguṇagaṇaḥ pātvasau nasturīyaḥ //2//
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omityetadakṣaramidaṃ sarvam /
tasyopavyākhyānaṃ vedāntārthasārasaṃgrahabhūtamidaṃ prakaraṇacatṛṣṭayamomityetadakṣaramityādyārabhyate /
ata eva na pṛthaksambandhābhidheyaprayojanāni vaktavyāni /
yānyeva tu vedānte sambandhābhidheya prayojanāni tānyeveha bhavitumarhanti /
tathāpi prakaraṇavyācikhyāsunā saṃkṣepato vaktavyāni /
tatra prayojanavat sādhanābhivyañjakatvenābhidheyasambaddhaṃ śāstraṃ pāramparyeṇa viśiṣṭasaṃbandhābhidheyaprayojanavad bhavati /
kiṃ punas tat prayojanam ity ucyate rogārtasyaiva roganivṛttau svasthatā /
tathā duḥkhātmakasyātmano dvaitaprapañcopaśame svasthatā /
advaitabhāvaḥ prayojanam /
dvaitaprapañcasyāvidyākṛtatvād vidyayā tad upaśamaḥ syād iti brahmavidyāprakāśanāyāsya ārambhaḥ kriyate /
"yatra hi dvaitam iva bhavati"(bṛ.u 2 / 4 / 14) "yatra vānyad iva syāt tatrānyo 'nyat paśyed anyo 'nyad vijānīyāt"(bṛ.u 4 / 3 / 31) "yatra vāsya sarvam ātmaivābhūt tat kena kaṃ paśyet kena kaṃ vijānīyāt"(bṛ.u 2 / 4 / 14) ity ādi śrutibhyo 'syārthasya siddhiḥ /
tatra tāvad oṃkāranirṇayāya prathamaṃ prakaraṇam āgamapradhānām ātmatattvapratipatty upāyabhūtam /
yasya dvaitaprapañcasyopaśame 'dvaitapratipattī rajjvām iva sarpādivikalpa upaśame rajjutattvapratipattis tasya dvaitasya hetuto vaitathyapratipādanāya dvitīyaṃ prakaraṇam /
tathādvaitasyāpi vaitathyaprasaṅgaprāptau yuktitas tathātvadarśanāya tṛtīyaṃ prakaraṇam /
advaitasya tathātvapratipattipakṣabhūtāni yāni vādāntarāṇyavaidikāni teṣām anyonyavirodhitvādatathārthatvena tadupapattibhir eva nirākaraṇāya caturthaṃ prakaraṇam /
kathaṃ puna oṃkāranirṇaya ātmatattvapratipatty upāyatvaṃ pratipadyata ity ucyate"oṃ ity etat"(ka.u 1 / 2 / 15) "etad ālambanam"(ka.u.1 / 2 / 17) "etad vai satyakāma"(pra.u.5 / 2) "oṃ ity ātmānaṃ yuñjīta"(maitryu.6 / 3) "oṃ iti brahma"(tai.u.1 / 8 / 1) "oṃkāra evedaṃ sarvam" (chā.u.2 / 23 / 3) ity ādi śrutibhyaḥ /
rajjur ādir iva sarpādivikalpasyāspado 'dvaya ātmā paramārthaḥ sanprāṇādivikalpasyāspado yathā tathā sarvo 'pi vākprapañcaḥ prāṇādy ātmavikalpaviṣaya oṃkāra eva /
sa cātmasvarūpam eva tadabhidhāyakatvāt /
oṃkāravikāraśabdābhidheyaś ca sarvaḥ prāṇādir ātmavikalpo 'bhidhānavyatirekeṇa nāsti /
"vācārambhaṇaṃ vikāro nāmadheyam"(chā.u.6 / 1 / 4) "tad asyedaṃ vācā tantyā nāmabhir dāmabhiḥ sarvaṃ sitam" "sarvaṃ hīdaṃ nāmāni"ity ādi śrutibhyaḥ /
ata āha
oṃ ity etad akṣaram idaṃ sarvaṃ tasyopavyākhyānaṃ bhūtaṃ bhavad bhaviṣyad iti sarvam oṃkāra eva |
yac cānyat trikālātītaṃ tad apy oṃkāra eva

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oṃ ity etad akṣaram idaṃ sarvam iti /
yad idam arthajātam abhidheyabhūtaṃ tasyābhidhānāvyatirekād abhidhānasya ca oṃkārāvyatirekād oṃkāra evedaṃ sarvam /
paraṃ ca brahmābhidhānābhidheya upāyapūrvakam eva gamyata ity oṃkāra eva /
tasyaitasya parāpara brahmarūpasyākṣarasya oṃ ity etasyopavyākhyānam; brahmapratipatty upāyatvād brahmasamīpatayā vispaṣṭaṃ prakathanam upavyākhyānaṃ prastutaṃ veditavyam iti vākyaśeṣaḥ /
bhūtaṃ bhavadbhaviṣyad iti kālatrayaparicchedyaṃ yat tad apy oṃkāra evoktanyāyataḥ /
yac cānyat trikālātītaṃ kāryādhigamyaṃ kālāparicchedyamavyākṛtādi tad apy oṃkāra eva //1//
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abhidhānābhidheyayor ekatve 'py abhidhānāprādhānyena nirdeśaḥ kṛtaḥ /
oṃ ity etad akṣaram idaṃ sarvam ity ādy abhidhānaprādhānyena nirdiṣṭasya puno 'bhidheyaprādhānyena nirdeśo 'bhidhānābhidheyayor ekatvapratipatty arthaḥ /
itaro 'thā hy abhidhānatantrābhidheyapratipattir ity abhidheyasyābhidhānatvaṃ gauṇām ity āśaṅkā syāt /
ekatvapratipatteś ca prayojanam abhidhānābhidheyayor ekenaiva prayatnena yugapatpravilāparyastadvilakṣaṇaṃ brahma pratipadyeta iti /
tathā ca vakṣyati"pādā mātrā mātrāś ca pādāḥ" (mā.u.8) iti /
tadāha
sarvaṃ hy etad brahmāyam ātmā brahma so 'yam ātmā catuṣpāt

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sarvaṃ hy etad brahmeti /
sarvaṃ yad uktam oṃkāramātram iti tadetad brahma /
tac ca brahma parokṣābhihitaṃ pratyakṣato viśeṣeṇa nirdiśatyayamātmā brahmeti /
ayam iti catuṣpātvena pravibhajyamānaṃ pratyagātmatayābhinayena nirdiśati ayam ātmeti /
so 'yamātma oṃkārābhidheyaḥ parāparatvena vyavasthitaś catuṣpātkārṣāpaṇavan na gaur iveti /
trayāṇāṃ viśvādīnāṃ pūrvapūrvapravilāpanena turīyasya pratapattir iti karaṇasādhanaḥ pādaśabdaḥ /
turīyasya padyata iti karmasādhanaḥ pādaśabdaḥ //2//
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kathaṃ catuṣpātvam ity āha
jāgaritasthāno bahiḥprajñaḥ saptāṅga ekonaviṃśatimukhaḥ sthūlabhug vaiśvānaraḥ prathamaḥ pādaḥ

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jāgaritaṃ sthānam asyeti jāgaritasthānaḥ /
bahiṣprajñaḥ svātmavyatirikte viṣaye prajñā sa bahiṣprajño bahir viṣaya eva prajñāvidyākṛtāv avabhāsata ity arthaḥ /
tathā saptāṅgānyasya"tasya ha vaitasyātmano vaiśvānarasya mūrdhaiva sutejāś cakṣurviśvarūpaḥ prāṇaḥ pṛthagvartmātmā saṃdoho bahulo vastir eva rayiḥ pṛthivy eva pādau" (chā.u.5 / 18 / 2) ity agnihotrakalpanāśeṣatvenāhavanīyo 'gnir asya mukhatvenokta ity evaṃ saptāṅgāni yasya sa saptāṅgaḥ /
tathaikonaviṃśatir mukhāny asya buddhīndriyāṇi karmendriyāṇi ca daśa vāyavaś ca prāṇādayaḥpañca mano buddhirahaṅkāraccittam iti mukhānīva mukhāni tāny upalabdhidvārāṇityarthaḥ sa evaṃ viśiṣṭo vaiśvānaro yathoktair dvāraiḥ śabdādīn sthūlān viṣayān bhuṅkta iti sthūlabhuk /
viśveṣāṃ narāṇām anekadhā nayanād vaiśvānaraḥ /
yad vā viśvaś cāsau naraś ceti viśvānaraḥ /
viśvānara eva vaiśvānaraḥ /
sarvapiṇḍātmananyatvāt saḥ prathamaḥ pādaḥ /
etat pūrvakatvād uttarapādādhigamasya prāthamyamasya /
katham ayamātmā brahmeti pratyagātmano 'sya catuṣpāttve prakṛte dyulokādīnāṃ mūrdhādyaṅgatvam iti /
naiṣa doṣaḥ /
sarvasyaprapañcasya sādhidaivikasyānena ātmanā catuṣpāttvasya vivakṣitatvāt /
evaṃ ca sati sarvaprapañca upaśame 'dvaitasiddhiḥ /
sarvabhūtasthaś cātmaiko dṛṣṭaḥ syāt sarvabhūtāni cātmani /
"yas tu sarvāṇi bhūtāni"(ī.u.6) ity ādiśrutyarthopasaṃhṛtaś caivaṃ syāt /
anyathā hi svadehaparicchinna eva pratyāgātmā sāṃkhyādibhir iva dṛṣṭaḥ syāt tathā ca satyadvaitam iti śrutikṛto viśeṣo na syāt sāṃkhyādidarśanenāviśeṣāt /
iṣyate ca sarva upaniṣadāṃ sarvātmaikyapratipādakatvam /
ato yuktam evāsyādhyātmikasya piṇḍātmano dyulokādy aṅgatvena virāḍātmanādhidaivikenaikatvam abhipretya saptāṅgatvavacanam /
"mūrdhā te vyapatiṣyat"(chā.u 5 / 12 / 2) ity ādi liṅgadarśanāc ca /
virāja ekatvam upalakṣaṇārthaṃ hiraṇyagarbhāvyākṛtātmanoḥ /
uktaṃ caitan madhubrāhmaṇe"yaś cāyam asyāṃ pṛthivyāṃ tejomayo 'mṛtamayaḥ puruṣo yac cāyam adhyātmam"(bṛ.u.2 / 5 / 1) ityādi /
suṣuptāvyākṛtayaḥ sa tv ekatvaṃ siddham eva nirviśeṣatvāt /
evaṃ ca satyetat siddhaṃ bhaviṣyati sarvadvaita upaśame cādvaitam iti //3//
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svaprasthāno 'ntaḥprajñaḥ saptāṅga ekonaviṃśatimukhaḥ praviviktabhuktaijaso dvitīyaḥ pādaḥ

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svapnaḥ sthānasya taijasasya svapnasthānaḥ /
jāgratprajñānekasādhanā bahir viṣaya evāvabhāsamānā manaḥspandanamātrā satī tathābhūtaṃ saṃskāraṃ manasyādhatte /
tan manas tathā saṃskṛtaṃ citrita iva paṭo bāhyasādhanān anapekṣam avidyākāmakarmabhiḥ preryamāṇaṃ jāgradvadavabhāsate /
tathā coktam"asya lokasya sarvāvato mātrām apādāya"(bṛ.u.4 / 3 / 9) iti /
tathā"pare deve manasy ekībhavati"(pra.u.4 / 2) iti prastutya"atraiṣa devaḥ svapne mahimānam anubhavati"(pra.u.4 / 5) ityātharvaṇe /
indriyāpekṣayāntaḥsthatvān manasas tad vāsanārūpā ca svapne prajñā yasyātyantaḥprajñaḥ /
viṣayaśūnyānāṃ prajñāyāṃ kevalaprakāśasvarūpāyāṃ viṣayitvena bhavatīti taijasaḥ /
viśvasya saviṣayatvena prajñāyāḥ sthūlāyā bhojyatvam /
iha punaḥ kevalā vāsanāmātrā prajñā bhojyeti pravivikto bhoga iti /
samānamanyat /
dvitīyaḥ pādas taijasaḥ //4//
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darśanādarśanavṛttyas tatvāprabodhalakṣaṇasya svāpasya tulyatvāt suṣuptigrahaṇārthaṃ yatra supta ityādi viśeṣaṇam /
atha vā triṣv api sthāneṣu tattvāpratibodhalakṣaṇaḥ svāpo 'viśiṣṭa iti pūrvābhyāṃ suṣuptaṃ vibhajate
yatra supto na kañcana kāmaṃ kāmayate na kañcana svapnaṃ paśyati tat suṣuptam |
suṣuptasthāna ekībhūtaḥ prajñānaghana evāndamayo hy ānandabhukcetomukhaḥ prājñaḥ tṛtīyaḥ pādaḥ

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yatra yasmin sthāne kāle vā supto na kañcana svapnaṃ paśyati na kañcana kāmaṃ kāmayate /
na hi suṣupte pūrvayor ivānyathāgrahaṇalakṣaṇaṃ svapnadarśanaṃ kāmo vā kaścana vidyane /
tadetat suṣuptaṃ sthānam asyeti suṣuptasthānaḥ /
sthānadvayapravibhaktaṃ manaḥ spanditaṃ dvaitajātaṃ tathā rūpāparityāgenāvivekāpannaṃ naiśatamograstamivāhaḥ saprapañcamekībhūtam ity ucyate /
ata eva svapnajāgran manaḥspandanāni prajñānāni ghanībhūtānīva seyamavasthāvivekarūpatvāt prajñānaghanocyate /
yathā rātrau naiśena tamasā vibhajyamānaṃ sarvaṃ ghanam iva tadvat prajñānaghana eva /
eva śabdān na jātyantaraṃ prajñānavyatirekeṇāstītārthaḥ /
manaso viṣayīviṣayyākāraspandanāyāsaduḥkhābhāvādānandamaya ānandaprāyo nānanda eva /
yathā loke nirāyāsasthitaḥ sukhyānandabhugucyate 'tyantānāyāsarūpā hīyaṃ sthitiranenānubhūyata ity ānandabhuk"eṣo 'sya parama ānandaḥ"(bṛ.u.4 / 3 / 32) iti śruteḥ /
svapnādipratibodhicetaḥ prati dvārībhūtatvāc cetomukhaḥ /
bodhalakṣaṇaṃ vā ceto dvāraṃ mukham asya svapnādy āgamanaṃ pratīti cetomukhaḥ /
bhūtabhaviṣyaj jñātṛtvaṃ sarvaviṣayajñātṛtvam asyaiti prājñaḥ /
suṣupto 'pi hi bhūtapūrvagatyā prājñocyate /
athavā prajñaptimātram asyaivāsādhāraṇaṃ rūpam iti prājña itarayor viśiṣṭam api vijñānam asti /
so 'yaṃ prājñas tṛtīyaḥ pādaḥ //5//
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eṣaḥ sarveśvara eṣa sarvajña eṣo 'ntaryāmy eṣa yoniḥ sarvasya prabhavāpyayau hi bhūtānām

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bhogārthaṃ krīḍārtham iti cānye sṛṣṭiṃ manyante /
anayoḥ pakṣayor dūṣaṇaṃ devasyaiṣa svabhāvo 'yam iti devasya svabhāvapakṣam āśritya sarveṣāṃ vā pakṣāṇām āptakāmasya kā spṛheti /
na hi rajjvādīnām avidyāsvabhāvavyatirekeṇa sarpādyābhāsatve kāraṇaṃ śakyaṃ vaktum //9//
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caturthaḥ pādaḥ kramaprāpto vaktavya ity āhanāntaḥprajñam ityādinā /
sarvaśabdapravṛttinimittaśūnyatvāt tasya śabdānabhidheyatvam iti viśeṣapratiṣedhena eva ca turīyaṃ nirdidikṣati /
śūnyam eva tarhi tat /
na mithyāvikalpasya nirnimittatvānupapatter na hi rajatasarpapuruṣamṛgatṛṣṇikādivikalpāḥ śuktikārajjusthāṇur ūṣarādi vyatirekeṇāvastvāspadāḥ śakyāḥ kalpayitum /
evaṃ tarhi prāṇādisarvavikalpāspadatvāt turīyasya śabdavācyatvam iti na pratiṣedhaiḥ pratyāyyatvam /
udakādhārāder iva ghaṭādeḥ /
na prāṇādivikalpasyāsatvāc chuktikādiṣv iva rajatādeḥ /
na hi sadasatoḥ saṃbandhaḥ śabdapravṛttinimittabhāgavastutvāt /
nāpi pramāṇāntaraviṣayatvaṃ svarūpeṇa gavādivad ātmano nirupādhikatvād /
gavādivan nāpi jātimatvamadvitīyatvena sāmānyaviśeṣābhāvāt /
nāpi kriyāvatvaṃ pācakādivadavikriyatvāt /
nāpi guṇavatvaṃ nīlādivan nirguṇatvāt /
ato nābhidhānena nirdeśam arhati /
śaśaviṣāṇādisamatvān nirarthakatvaṃ tarhi /
nātmatvāvagame turīyasyānātmatṛṣṇāvyāvṛttihetutvāc chuktikāvagama iva rajatatṛṣṇāyāḥ /
na hi turīyasyātmatvāvagame satyavidyātṛṣṇādidoṣāṇāṃ sambhavo 'sti /
na ca turīyasyā'tmatvānavagame kāraṇamasti sarvopaniṣadāṃ tādarthyenopakṣayāt /
"tatvamasi"(chā.u.6.8.16)"ayamātmā brahma"(bṛ.u.2.5.19)"tatsatyaṃ sa ātmā"(chā.u.6.8.16)"yatsākṣādaṣarokṣādbrahma"(bṛ.u.3.4.1)"sabāhyābhyantaro hyajaḥ"(mu.u.2.1.2) /
"ātmaivedaṃ sarvam"(chā.u.7.25.2) ityādīnām /
so 'yam ātmā paramārthāparamārtharūpaś catuṣpāda ity uktas tasyāparamārtharūpam avidyākṛtaṃ rajjusarpādisamam uktaṃ pādatrayalakṣaṇaṃ bījāṅkurasthānīyam /
athedānīṃ bījātmakaṃ paramārthasvarūpaṃ rajjusthānīyaṃ sarpādisthānīyoktasthānatrayānirākaraṇenāha nāntaḥ prajñamityādi /
nāntaḥprajñaṃ na bahiḥprajñaṃ nobhayataḥprajñaṃ na prajñānaghanaṃ na prajñaṃ nāprajñam |
adṛṣṭam avyavahāryam agrāhyam alakṣaṇam acintyam avyapadeśyam ekātmapratyayasāraṃ prapañcopaśamaṃ śāntaṃ śivam advaitaṃ caturthaṃ manyante |
sa ātmā sa vijñeyaḥ