Madhyamakāvatāra 1-5 · Chapter 3

vimaleti daśakuśalakarmamārgavimalatvād dvitīyabodhisattvabhūmeranvarthaṃ nāma / yathā nirmalā śaraccandraprabhā janasaṃtāpam apākaroti tathā jinaputrendūdgateyaṃ vimalāpi duḥśīlotpannaṃ manaḥsaṃtāpaṃ nivartayati / asyā asaṃsārāntargatatvād na bhavo 'pitu bhavaśrīḥ, sarvaguṇasampadāṃ tadanugatatvāt, caturdvīpaiśvaryasampadhetutvācca /
iti madhyamakāvatārabhāṣye dvitīyaścittotpādaḥ /
3. tṛtīyaścittotpādaḥ
samprati tṛtīyacittotpādam adhikṛtyottacyate-
aśeṣajñeyendhanadāhakāgniprabhodbhavād bhūmiriyaṃ tṛtīyā /
prabhākarī ................ prabhākarīti tu tṛtīyabodhisattvabhūmināma / punariyaṃ kasmāt prabhākarīti ced anvarthameva / tatsamaye aśeṣajñeyendhanadāhakajñānāgneḥ śāntyātmakaprabhodbhavād bhūmiriyaṃ prabhākarītyucyate / tṛtīyacittotpādasya
............... taṃ sugatasya putraṃ tadā ravistāmra ivāvibhāti

yathā sūryaudayāvasthāyāḥ pūrvaṃ tāmra iva avabhāsate tathā bodhisattve 'pi tatra jñānam ābhāsate / tādṛgjñānābhāsaprāptasya tasya bodhisattvasya kṣāntipāramitāviśeṣatādeśanārthamuktam-
akopapātrasya hi tasya kāyāt sahāsthimāṃsaṃ yadi ko 'pi kṛntāt /
palaṃ palaṃ dīrghanikṛntane 'pi nikṛntake kṣāntiratīva tasya

bodhisattvaḥ paracittānurakṣaṇārthatvāt tādṛgjñānavatvācca yena paradveṣacittādhāratvatrikālanirarthakatvaṃ saṃdehāspadatvañca na syuḥ tādṛksvabhāvakāyavākcittāvatārasākṣī nāsti / akopapātrasya yadi ko 'pi viśeṣaṇam / yadi tādṛkprāṇinā tasya bodhisattvasya kāyato sāsthimāṃsaṃ pratipalaṃ viramya viramya ciraṃ nikṛntite 'pi tādṛkkṛntakāya na kevalaṃ cittavyāroṣo na bhavati apitu, tadakuśalakarmapratyayaṃ narakaduḥkhādiviśeṣam avalambya bodhisattve 'tiviśiṣṭā kṣāntireva jāyate / api ca-
yataḥ sa dharmān pratibimbarūpān nirātmadṛk paśyati bodhisattvaḥ /
tataḥ kathaṃ kena kimasti chinnaṃ kadāpi vā kṣāntimupeti cāso

tadakuśalakarmapratyayaṃ narakādiduḥkhaviśeṣam avalambya na kevalaṃ viśeṣeṇa kṣānto 'pitu yataḥ sa sarvadharmān api pratibimbavat paśyan ātmātmīyasaṃjñānivṛttaḥ tasmād api kṣāntatara eva / api śabdastu kṣāntihetusaṃgrahārtham / kṣāntiriyaṃ na kevalaṃ bodhisattvānurūpo dharmo 'pitu taditarasakalaguṇarakṣāhetubhūtatvād akṣāntavat krodhavyāvṛttirapi yuktā vyākhyātā-
prakupyate yadyapakāriṇe 'tra kimatra kopo vinivartitaḥ syāt /
ato 'tra kopo hi nirarthako 'smin paratra loke 'pi viruddha eva

samprati dattaroṣāvasaro 'yaṃ parasmai apakāriṇe krudhyati cet tadānīntanāpakārāvinivṛtteḥ, tadālambanaḥ pratikopo nirarthaka eva, kṛtakāryatvāt / asmai kopo na kevalaṃ vartamāne niṣprayojanaḥ, apitu paraloko 'pi viruddho bhavati, krodhotpāde sati amanāpaparipākākṣepaḥ / yo duścaritakarmaphalaviśeṣopabhogavān mohāt pareṇāhaṃ prapīḍita iti parikalpayan apakāriṇe krodhamutpādayan pratyapakāreṇa tatpīḍanaṃ parājetukāmaścāsau / tasyāpi vyāvartanārthamāha-
purākṛtasyākuśalasya karmaphalaṃ tu yo naṣṭatayā vivakṣuḥ /
parāhitakrodhata eva duḥkhaṃ kathaṃ hi tadbījatayopanītam

yat śastradhārapātena tatkāye sādhiṣṭhamapakāraduḥkhaṃ śatruṇopasādhitam, tadantyaphalabhūtaṃ pūrvakṛtaprāṇātipātakarmaṇaḥ prāṇināṃ narakatiryagyoniyamalokādi paripākaphalaṃ ghoram anubhūyamānaṃ niṣyandaphalaṃ yaccāvaśiṣṭakleśāśeṣāpriyaphalanivartanahetuḥ / tatkathaṃ punaḥ rvipariṇāmyaiva, auṣadhasya antimamātrāyā ābhyantare-vyādhipratīkārahetutvād vyāroṣaparāpakārābhyām atītāmanāpaphalādapi ativiśiṣṭāpakāraphalasambhāvanāhetutvena ānīyate? atastad vaidyasya vyādhicikitsāhetubhūtatīkṣṇaśalyakarmakriyāvat phaladuḥkhotpādahetoratikṣāntiryuktā / akṣāntistu na kevalam amanāpaparipākātikṣepaheturapitu dīrghasaṃgṛhītapuṇyasambhārakṣayaheturapyastīti deśanārthamuktam-
dānena śīlena samudgataṃ yat puṇyaṃ citaṃ kalpaśatena naśyet /
kṣaṇena kopājjinaputrakeṣu tasmān na kopādaparaṃ hi pāpam

yadi bodhisattvo mahātmā saḥ pudgale viśiṣṭe 'viśiṣṭe vāpi kleśābhyāsavaśapraveśatvād bodhicittotpānneṣu satyabhūtam asatyabhūtaśca doṣam adhikaṃ prajñāpya kṣaṇamātramapi krodhacittotpāde 'pi tanmātreṇaiva pūrvoktadānaśīlapāramitābhyāsotpannaśatakalpasaṃcitapuṇyasaṃbhāro naśyati, abodhisattvena bodhisattvebhya utpādite tu punaḥ kiṃ vaktavyam? tasmāt mahāsāgarajalapramāṇaṃ karṣagaṇanayā niścetumaśakyaṃ tathā tatra paripākasīmā niścetumaśakyaḥ / ata evaṃ sati amanāpaphalākṣepaṃ puṇyakṣayakarañca pāpam akṣānteḥ param aparaṃ nāsti / "mañjuśrīḥ, krodhaḥ krodha iti śatakalpasaṃbhṛtapuṇyopakṣayakaraḥ, tasmāt krodhaḥ krodha ityākhyātaḥ /" punaśca akṣāntāḥ parāpakārāsamarthāstu ātmānameva nāśayanti, samarthā niṣkaruṇāśca svaparanāśakāḥ / anena tu janmata eva-
kudarśano 'sajjananīyamāno nayānayajñānavivekahīnaḥ / parasmin kāle nikāyasabhāgaṃ tyaktvā sakopano durgatimeti śīghram /
yadyete 'kṣāntidoṣāḥ, tadā ke vai tadviparītakṣāntiguṇā iti-
guṇā viruddhāḥ kathitā hyakopāt

sudarśatā sajjanatāgatiśca nayānayajñānapaṭutvamasti /
anantaraṃ devamanuṣyajanma kṣayaṃ hyakopādupayāti pāpam

ye 'kṣāntidoṣā uktāstadviruddhāste guṇāḥ kṣānterjñeyāḥ / tadyathā-
pṛthagjano jinaputraśca doṣān guṇān samālokya ca kopakṣāntyoḥ /
apāsya kopaṃ tarasaiva kṣāntiṃ sadā śrayeccāryajanapraśastām

kopakṣāntī tu kopakṣāntyaiva / doṣaguṇau cāpi doṣaguṇau / krodhakṣāntyordoṣaguṇāviti śabdaviniyogaḥ / krodhadoṣastu yathoktaḥ, viparyayeṇa kṣāntiguṇam avagamya akṣāntiṃ tyaktvā sarvakālaṃ kṣāntireva āśrayaṇīyā / adhunā kṣāntipāramitāprabhedadeśanārtham-
sambuddhabaudhyai pariṇāmanāpi triṣvāśritā cet khalu laukikīyam /
buddhatvāya pariṇāmanāyāmapi kā kṣāntiḥ, kena kṣāntiḥ, keṣu prāṇiṣu kṣāntiretattriṣvāśrayeṣu satsu iyaṃ kṣāntipāramitā laukikīti /
anāśritā syāt khalu saiva buddhairalaukikī pāramiteti diṣṭā

tasyāṃ bhūmau bodhisattvasya kṣāntipāramitā yathā viśuddhayati tathaiva-
abhijñatāṃ dhyānamito 'tra bhūmau jinasya putro hatarāgavairaḥ /
bhavatyasau laukikakāmarāgau nihantumatyantatayā ca śaktaḥ

dhyānamiti dhyānaśabdastu upalakṣaṇārthaḥ, samāpattyapramāṇānāmapi grahaṇaṃ bhavati / yathātṛtīyabodhisattvabhūmāvuktavat- "so 'syāṃ prabhākaryāṃ bodhisattvabhūmau sthito bodhisattvo dharmānudharmapratipattiheto rviviktaṃ kāmairviviktaṃ pāpakairakuśaladharmaiḥ savitarkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ prītisukhaṃ prathamaṃ dhyānamupasaṃpadya viharati / sa vitarkavicārāṇāṃ vyupaśamādadhyātmasaṃprasādāccetasa ekotībhāvādavitarkamavicāraṃ samādhijaṃ prītisukhaṃ dvitīyadhyānamupasaṃpadya viharati / sa prītervirāgādupekṣako viharati smṛtimān saṃprajānan / sukhaṃ na kāyena pratisaṃvedayati yattadāryā ācakṣante- upekṣakaḥ smṛtimān / sukhavihārī niṣprītikaṃ tṛtīyaṃ dhyānamusaṃpadya viharati / sa sukhasya ca prahāṇādduḥkhasya ca prahāṇātpūrvameva ca saumanasyadaurmanasyayorastaṃgamādaduḥkhāsukhamupekṣāsmṛtipariśuddhaṃ caturthaṃ dhyānamupasaṃpadya viharati /" iti, etāni catvāri dhyānāni / catastra ārūpyasamāpattayastu- tadyathā- "sa sarvaśo rūpasaṃjñānāṃ samatikramāt pratighasaṃjñānāmastaṃgamānnānātvasaṃjñānāmamanasikārādanantakamākāśamityākāśānantyāyatanamupasaṃpadya viharati / sa sarvaśa ākāśānantyāyatanasamatikramādanantaṃ vijñānamiti vijñānānantyāyatanamupasaṃpadya viharati / sa sarvaśo vijñānānantyāyatanasamatikramānnāsti kiṃcidityākiṃcanyāyatanamupasaṃpadya viharati / sa sarvaśa ākiṃcanyāyatanasamatikramānnaiva saṃjñā nāsaṃjñāpi iti saṃjñānāsaṃjñāyatanamupasaṃpadya viharati /" imāścatastra ārūpyasamāpattayaḥ / catvāro 'pramāṇāstu evam- "sa maitrīsahagatena cittena vipulena mahadatenādvayenāpramāṇenāvaireṇāsapatnenānāvaraṇenāvyābādhena sarvatrānugatena dharmadhātuparame loke ākāśadhātuparyavasāne sarvāvantaṃ lokaṃ spharitvopasaṃpadya viharati / evaṃ karuṇāsahagatena cittena / muditāsahagatena cittena / upekṣāsahagetana cittena viharati /"
pañcābhijñāstu, tadyathā- "so 'nekavidhāṃ ṛddhividhiṃ pratyanubhavati / pṛthivīmapi kampayati / eko 'pi bhūtvā bahudhā bhavati / bahudhāpi bhūtvaiko bhavati / āvirbhāvaṃ tirobhāvamapi pratyanubhavati / tiraḥ kuḍayaṃ tiraḥprākāraṃ parvatamapyasajjan gacchati tadyathāpi nāma ākāśe / ākāśe 'pi paryaṅkena krāmati tadyathāpi nāma pakṣiśakuniḥ / pṛthivyāmapyunmajjananimajjanaṃ karoti tadyathāpi nāma udake / udake 'pyamajjan gacchati tadyathāpi pṛthivyām / dhūmayati prajvalati, tadyathāpi nāma mahānagniskandhaḥ / svakāyādapi mahāvāridhārā utsṛjati tadyathāpi nāma mahāmeghaḥ / yābhirvāridhārābhirayaṃ trisāhastramahāsāhasro lokadhāturādīptaḥ pradīptaḥ saṃprajvalito 'gninā ekajvālībhūto nirvāpyate / imāvapi candrasūryāvevaṃmaharddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvo pāṇinā parāmṛśati parimārṣṭi yāvad brahmalokamapi kāyena vaśaṃ vartayati /" ityete ṛddhayabhijñāḥ /
"sa divyena śrotradhātunā [viśuddhenā] tikrāntamānuṣyakena ubhayān śabdān śṛṇoti divyān mānuṣyakān, sūkṣmānaudārikāṃśca / ye dūre 'ntike vā antaśo daṃśamaśakakīṭamakṣikāṇāmapi śabdān śṛṇoti / [eṣā divyā śrotrābhijñā] //"
"sa parasattvānāṃ parapudgalānāṃ cetasaiva cittaṃ yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti / sarāgaṃ cittaṃ sarāgacittamiti yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti / virāgaṃ cittaṃ virāgacittamiti prajānāti / sadoṣaṃ, vigatadoṣaṃ, samohaṃ, vigatamohaṃ, sakleśaṃ, niḥkleśaṃ, parīttaṃ, vipulaṃ, mahadataṃ, apramāṇaṃ, saṃkṣiptaṃ, [vistīrṇaṃ], samāhitaṃ, asamāhitaṃ, vimuktaṃ, avimuktaṃ, sāṅganam, anaṅganam, audārikaṃ cittamaudārikacittamiti yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti / anaudārikaṃ cittamanaudārikaṃ cittamiti yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti / iti parasattvānāṃ parapudgalānāṃ cetasaiva cittaṃ yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti / [ityeṣā paracittajñānābhijñā] //"
"so 'nekavidhaṃ pūrvanivāsamanusmarati / ekāmapi jātimanusmarati / dve tistrañcatastraḥ pañca daśa viṃśatiḥ triṃśataṃ catvāriṃśataṃ pañcāśataṃ jātiśata[sahastra]manusmarati / anekānyapi jātiśatāni / [anekānyapi jātisahastrāṇi] anekānyapi jātiśatasahastrāṇi / saṃvartakalpamapi vivartakalpamapi / anekānapi saṃvartavivartakalpānapyanusmarati / kalpaśatamapi kalpasahastramapi kalpaśatasahastramapi kalpakoṭīmapi kalpakoṭīśatamapi kalpakoṭīsahastramapi kalpakoṭīśatasahasramapi yāvadanekānyapi kalpakoṭīniyutaśatasahasrāṇyanusmarati-amunnāhamāsaṃ evaṃnāmā / evaṃgotraḥ evaṃjātiḥ evamāhāra evamāyuḥpramāṇaḥ evaṃcirasthitikaḥ evaṃ sukhaduḥkhapratisaṃvedī / so 'haṃ tataścyuto 'tropapannaḥ / tataścyuta ihopapannaḥ / iti sākāraṃ soddeśaṃ sanimittamanekavidhaṃ pūrvanivāsamanusmarita / [eṣā pūrvanivāsānusmṛtyabhijñā] //"
"sa divyena cakṣuṣā viśuddhenātikrāntamānuṣyakeṇa sattvān paśyati cyavamānānupapadyamānān suvarṇān durvarṇān sugatān durgatān praṇītān hīnān / yathākarmopagān sattvān yathābhūtaṃ prajānāti- ime bhavantaḥ sattvāḥ kāyaduścaritena samanvāgatā vāgduścaritena samanvāgatā manoduścaritena samanvāgatāḥ āryāṇāmapavādakā mithyādṛṣṭayaḥ mithyādṛṣṭikarmasamādānahetostaddhetuṃ tatpratyayaṃ kāyasya bhedātparaṃ maraṇādapāyadurgativinipātanirayeṣūpapadyante / ime punarbhavantaḥ sattvāḥ kāyasucaritena samanvāgatā vāksucaritena samanvāgatā manaḥsucaritena samanvāgatā āryāṇāmanapavādakāḥ / samyagdṛṣṭikarmasamādānahetostaddhetuṃ tatpratyayaṃ kāyasya bhedāt paraṃ maraṇātsugatau svarge devalokeṣūpapadyanta iti [prajānāti / evaṃ] divyena cakṣuṣā viśuddhenātikrāntamanuṣyeṇa (cyavamānānupapadyamānān) sākāraṃ soddeśaṃ sanimittaṃ sattvān paśyati / yathākarmopagatān sattvān yathābhūtān prajānāti / sa imāni dhyānāni vimokṣān samādhīn samāpattīśca samāpadyate, vyuttiṣṭhate / na ca teṣāṃ vaśenopapadyate 'nyatra yatra bodhyaṅgaparipūriṃ paśyati tatra saṃcintya praṇidhānavaśenopapadyate / tatkasya heto? tathā hi tasya bodhisattvasyopāyakauśalyābhinirhatā cittasaṃtatiḥ //"

ata eva asyāṃ bhūmau bodhisattve dhyānam abhijñāśca sambhavanti kathaṃ sadā laukikarāgadveṣaparikṣayaḥ? capadaṃ tu anuktasaṅgrahārtham, iti tasya mohasyāpi parikṣayo bhavati- katham iti, idamapi yathā sūtre- "sa sarvadharmāṇāmasaṃkrāntitāṃ ca avināśitāṃ ca pratītya pratyayatayā vyavalokayati // tasya bhūyasyā mātrayā sarvāṇi kāmabandhanāni tanūni bhavanti / sarvāṇi rūpabandhanāni sarvāṇi bhavabandhanāni sarvāṇyavidyābandhanāni tanūni bhavanti / dṛṣṭikṛtabandhanāni ca pūrvameva prahīṇāni bhavanti / tasya asya prabhākaryāṃ bodhisattvabhūmau sthitasya bodhisattvasya anekān kalpān yāvadanekāni kalpakoṭiniyutaśatasahastrāṇi ....peyālaṃ.....anupacayaṃ mithyārāgaḥ prahāṇaṃ gacchati, anupacayaṃ mithyādoṣaḥ prahāṇaṃ gacchati, anupacayaṃ mithyāmohaḥ prahāṇaṃ gacchati /" ityuktam / atastasya rāgo dveṣo mohaśca parikṣīṇo bhavati / kathaṃ hi te sadā laukikakāmarāgāt upahantuṃ samarthā bhaviṣyantīti yathā- "iyaṃ bhavanto jinaputrā bodhisattvasya prabhākarī nāma tṛtīyā bodhisattvabhūmiḥ samāsanirdeśataḥ, yasyāṃ pratiṣṭhito bodhisattvo bhūyastvena indro bhavati devarājastridaśādhipatiḥ kṛtī prabhuḥ sattvānāṃ kāmarāgavinivartanopāyopasaṃhārāya kuśalaḥ sattvān kāmapaṅkādabhyuddhartum", ityuktam / ataḥ sa jinaputro laukikakāmarāgān upahantuṃ samartho bhaviṣyati / evam asya bodhisattvasya tṛtīyabodhisattvabhūmau viśuddhakṣāntipāramitādhyānāparimāṇasamāpatyabhijñā rāgādiparikṣayasya ca niścitaprāptirbhaviṣyatītyuktvā adhunā tu kṣāntipāramitāparyantaṃ pāramitātrayāśrayaviśeṣaṃ sambhārasvabhāvaṃ phalaparisiddhivyavasthāṃ ca prakāśayitum ākhyāyate-
ime hi dānādimayāḥ tridharmā gṛhibhya uktāḥ sugataistu bhūyaḥ /
ta eva puṇyetyapi saṃbhṛtā hi sambuddharūpātmakakāyahetuḥ

bodhisattvā eva yathoktadānādyāśrayāḥ santi, tathāpi gṛhasthapravrajitabhedena tatra dvayoḥ saṃbhavaṃ vicintya tathoktam / tatra gṛhastheṣu prāyeṇa dānādayastrayo dharmāḥ susādhyāḥ, parivrājakeṣu ca vīryaṃ, dhyānaṃ tathā prajñā / na cetaretarāsaṃbhāvanā / buddhatvahetusambhārau tu dvau staḥ, sa cāsau puṇyasaṃbhāro jñānasaṃbhāraśca / tatra puṇyasambhārastu tāstistraḥ pāramitāḥ santi, jñānasambhāraśca dhyānaṃ prajñā ca / vīryaṃ tūbhayaheturiti vyavasthā / tatra yaḥ puṇyasambhāraḥ sa saṃbuddhānāṃ bhagavatāṃ śatapuṇyalakṣaṇasya adabhutasya acintyasya viśvarūpamayasya rūpakāyasya hetuḥ / dharmasvabhāvakāyasya anutpādalakṣaṇasya hetustu jñānasambhāraḥ / samprati āśrayādimāhātmyena svamahatvam uktvā tṛtīyabodhisattvabhūmyavasthā samākhyāyate-
prabhākarīyaṃ jinaputrasūrye tamaḥ svakaṃ pūrvataraṃ vināśya /
samīhate lokatamo vihantuṃ /
sugataputrasūryasthiteyaṃ prabhākarībhūmiḥ svāśritām avidyāṃ ātmodbhavavighnabhūtāṃ jāyamānāvasthāyāmeva vināśya tatprakāropadeśena tadbhinnānāṃ tṛtīyabhūmyudbhavavighnāndhakāraṃ vihantuṃ samīhate / sa bodhisattvaḥ-
na cātra kopo bhuvi tīkṣṇabhūte