Kāvyādarśa 1-2 · Chapter 1

ācāryadaṇḍinaḥ kāvyādarśaḥ
caturmukhamukhāmbhoja- vanahaṃsavadhūr mama &
manase ramatāṃ nityaṃ sarvaśuklā sarasvatī

pūrvaśāstrāṇi saṃhṛtya prayogān upalakṣya ca &
yathāsāmarthyam asmābhiḥ kriyate kāvyalakṣaṇam

iha śiṣṭānuśiṣṭānāṃ śiṣṭānām api sarvathā &
vācām eva prasādena lokayātrā pravartate

idam andhatamaḥ kṛtsnaṃ jāyeta bhuvanatrayam &
yadi śabdāhavayaṃ jyotir āsaṃsārān na dīpyate

ādirājayaśobimbam ādarśaṃ prāpya vāṅmayam &
teṣām asaṃnidhāne 'pi na svayaṃ paśya naśyati

gaur gauḥ kāmadughā samyak prayuktā smaryate budhaiḥ &
duṣprayuktā punār gotvaṃ prayoktuḥ saiva śaṃsati

tad alpam api nopekṣyaṃ kāvye duṣṭaṃ kathaṃ cana &
syād vapuḥ sundaram api śvitreṇaikena durbhagam

guṇadoṣān aśāstrajñaḥ kathaṃ vibhajate janaḥ &
kim andhasyādhikāro 'sti rūpabhedopalabdhiṣu

ataḥ prajānāṃ (vl. padānāṃ) vyutpattim abhisaṃdhāya sūrayaḥ &
vācāṃ vicitramārgāṇāṃ nibabandhuḥ kriyāvidhiṃ

taiḥ śarīraṃ ca kāvyānām alaṃkārāś ca darśitāḥ &
śarīraṃ tāvad iṣṭārthavyavacchinnā padāvalī

padyaṃ gadyaṃ ca miśraṃ ca tat tridhaiva vyavasthitam &
padyaṃ catuṣpadī tac ca vṛttaṃ jātir iti dvidhā

chandovicityāṃ sakalas taprapañco nidarśitaḥ &
sā vidyā naur vivikṣūṇāṃ gambhīraṃ kāvyasāgaram

muktakaṃ kulakaṃ koṣaḥ saṃghāta iti tādṛśaḥ &
sargabandhāṃśarūpatvād anuktaḥ padyavistaraḥ

sargabandho mahākavyam ucyate tasya lakṣaṇam &
āśīrnamaskriyā vastunirdeśo vāpi tanmukham

itihāsakathodbhūtam itarad vā sadāśrayam &
caturvargaphalāyattaṃ caturudāttanāyakam

nagarārṇavaśailārtucandrārkodayavarṇanaiḥ &
udyānasalilakṛīḍāmadhupānaratotsavaiḥ

vipralambhair vivāhaiś ca kumārodayavarṇanaiḥ &
mantradūtaprayāṇājināyakābhyudayair api

alaṃkṛtam asaṃkṣiptaṃ rasabhāvanirantaram &
sargair anativistīrṇaiḥ śravyavṛttaiḥ susaṃdhibhiḥ

sarvatra bhinnavṛttāntair upetaṃ lokarañjanam &
kāvyaṃ kalpāntarasthāyi jāyate sad alaṃkṛti

nyūnam apy atra yaiḥ kaiś cid aṅgaiḥ kāvyaṃ na duṣyati &
yady upātteṣu saṃpattir ārādhayati tadvidhaḥ

guṇataḥ prāg upanyasya nāyakaṃ tena vidviṣām &
nirākaraṇam ity eṣa mārgaḥ prakṛtisundaraḥ

vaṃśavīryaśrutādīni varṇayitvā ripor api &
tajjayān nāyakotkarṣakathanaṃ ca dhinoti naḥ

apādaḥ padasaṃtāno gadyam ākhyāyikā kathā &
iti tasya prabhedau dvau tayor ākhyāyikā kila

nāyakenaiva vācyānyā nāyakenetareṇa vā &
svaguṇāviṣkriyādoṣo nātrā bhūrtārthaśaṃsinaḥ

api tv aniyamo dṛṣṭas tatrāpy anyair udīraṇāt &
anyo vaktā svayaṃ veti kīdṛg vā bhedakāraṇam (vl. lakṣaṇam)

vaktraṃ cāparavaktraṃ ca socchvāsatvaṃ ca bhedakam &
cihnam ākhyāyikāyāś cet prasaṅgena kathāsv api

āryādivat praveśaḥ kiṃ na vaktrāparavaktrayoḥ &
bhedaś ca dṛṣṭo lambhādir ucchvāso vastu kiṃ tataḥ

tat kathākhyāyiketyuktā jātiḥ saṃjñādvayāṅkitā &
atraivāntarbhaviṣyanti śeṣāś cākhyānajātayaḥ

kanyāharaṇasaṃgrāmavipralambhodayādayaḥ &
sargabandhasamā eva naite vaiśeṣikā guṇāḥ

kavibhāvakṛtaṃ cihnam anyatrāpi na duṣyati &
mukham iṣṭāsrthasaṃsiddhau kiṃ hi na syāt kṛtātmanām

miśrāṇi nāṭakādīni teṣām anyatra vistaraḥ &
gadyapadyamayī kā cic campūr ity abhidhīyate

tad etad vāṅmayaṃ bhūyaḥ saṃskṛtaṃ prākṛtaṃ tathā &
apabhraṃśāś ca miśraṃ cety āhur āryāś caturvidhaṃ

saṃskṛtaṃ nāma daivī vāg anvākhyātā maharṣibhiḥ &
tadbhavas tatsamo deśīty anekaḥ prākṛtakramaḥ

mahārāṣṭrāśrayāṃ bhāṣāṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ prākṛtaṃ viduḥ &
sāgaraḥ sūktiratnānāṃ setubandhādi yanmayaṃ

śaurasenī ca gauḍī ca lāṭī cānyā ca tādṛśī &
yāti prākṛtam ity evaṃ vyavahāreṣu saṃnidhim

ābhīrādigiraḥ kāvyeṣv apabhraṃśa iti smṛtāḥ &
śāstreṣu saṃskṛtād anyad apabhraṃśatayoditam

saṃskṛtaṃ sargabandhādi prākṛtaṃ skandhakādi yat &
osarādir apabhraṃśo nāṭakādi tu miśrakam

kathā hi sarvabhāṣābhiḥ saṃskṛtena ca badhyate &
bhūtabhāṣāmayīṃ prāhur adbhutārthāṃ bṛhatkathām

lāsyacchalitaśampādi prekṣārtham itarat punaḥ &
śravyam eveti saiṣāpi dvayī gatir udāhṛtā

asty aneko girāṃ mārgaḥ sūkṣmabhedaḥ parasparam &
tatra vaidarbhagauḍīyau varṇyete prasphuṭāntarau

śleṣaḥ prasādaḥ samatā mādhuryaṃ sukumāratā &
arthavyaktir udāratvam ojaḥkāntisamādhayaḥ

iti vaidarbhamārgasya prāṇā daśa guṇāḥ smṛtāḥ &
eṣāṃ viparyayaḥ prāyo dṛśyate gauḍavartmani

śliṣṭam aspṛṣṭaśaithilyam alpaprāṇākṣarottaram &
śithilaṃ mālatīmālā lolālikalilā yathā

anuprāsadhiyā gauḍais tad iṣṭaṃ bandhagauravāt &
vaidarbhamālatīdāma laṅghitaṃ bhramarair iti

prasādavat prasiddhārtham indor indīvaradyuti &
lakṣma lakṣmīṃ tanotīti pratītisubhagaṃ vacaḥ

vyutpannam iti gauḍīyair nātirūḍham apīṣyate &
yathānatyarjunābjanmasadṛkṣāṅko valakṣaguḥ

samaṃ bandheṣv aviṣamaṃ te mṛdusphuṭamadhyamāḥ &
bandhā mṛdusphuṭonmiśravarṇavinyāsayonayaḥ

kokilālāpavācālo mamaiti malayānilaḥ &
ucchalacchīkarācchācchanirjharāmbhaḥkaṇokṣitaḥ

candanapraṇayodgandhir mando malayamārutaḥ &
spardhate ruddhamaddhairyo vararāmāmukhānilaiḥ

ity anālocya vaiṣamyam arthālaṃkāraḍamabarau &
avekṣamāṇā vavṛdhe paurastyā kāvyapaddhatiḥ

madhuraṃ rasavad vāci vastuny api rasasthitiḥ &
yena mādyanti dhīmanto madhuneva madhuvratāḥ

yayā kayā cic chrutyā yat samānam anubhūyate &
tadrūpā hi padāsattiḥ sānuprāsā rasāvahā

eṣa rājā yadā lakṣmīṃ prāptavān brāhmaṇapriyaḥ &
tadā prabhṛti dharmasya loke 'sminn utsavo 'bhavat

itīdaṃ nādṛtaṃ gauḍair anuprāsas tu tatpriyaḥ &
anuprāsād api prāyo vaidarbhair idam īpsitam

varṇāvṛttir anuprāsaḥ pādeṣu ca padeṣu ca &
pūrvānubhavasaṃskārabodhinī yady adūratā

candre śaranniśottaṃse kundastabakavibhrame &
indranīlanibhaṃ lakṣma saṃdadhāty alinaḥ śriyam

cāru cāndramasaṃ bhīru bimbaṃ paśyaitad ambare &
manmano manmathākrāntaṃ nirdayaṃ hantum udyataṃ

ity anuprāsam icchanti nātidūrāntaraśrutim &
na tu rāmāmukhāmbhojasadṛśaś candramā iti

smaraḥ kharaḥ khalaḥ kāntaḥ kāyaḥ kopaś ca naḥ kṛśaḥ &
cyuto mānodhiko rāgo moho jātosavo gatāḥ

ityādi bandhapāruṣyaṃ śaithilyaṃ ca niyacchati &
ato naivam anuprāsaṃ dākṣiṇātyāḥ prayuñjate

āvṛttiṃ varṇasaṃghātagocarāṃ yamakaṃ viduḥ &
tat tu naikāntamadhuramataḥ paścād vidhāsyate

kāmaṃ sarvo 'py alaṃkāro rasam arthe niṣiñcati &
tathāpy agrāmyataivainaṃ bhāraṃ vahati bhūyasā

kanye kāmayamānaṃ māṃ na tvaṃ kāmayase katham &
iti grāmyo 'yam arthātmā vairasyāya prakalpate

kāmaṃ kandarpacāṇḍālo mayi vāmākṣi nirdayaḥ &
tvayi nirmatsaro diṣṭyety agrāmo 'rtho rasāvahaḥ

śabde 'pi grāmyatāsty eva sā sabhyetarakīrtanāt &
yathā yakārādipadaṃ ratyutsavanirūpaṇe

padasaṃdhānavṛttyā vā vākyārthatvena vā punaḥ &
duṣpratītikaraṃ grāmyaṃ yathā yā bhavataḥ priyā

kharaṃ prahatya viśrāntaḥ puruṣo vīryavān iti &
evamādi na śaṃsanti mārgayor ubhayor api

bhaginībhagavatyādi sarvatraivānumanyate &
vibhaktam iti mādhuryam ucyate sukumāratā

aniṣṭhurākṣaraprāyaṃ sukumāram iheṣyate &
bandhaśaithilyadoṣo 'pi darśitaḥ sarvakomale

maṇḍalīkṛtya barhāṇi kaṇṭhair madhuragītibhiḥ &
kalāpinaḥ pranṛtyanti kāle jīmūtamālini

ity anūrjita evārtho nālaṃkāro 'pi tādṛśaḥ &
sukumāratayaivaitad ārohati satāṃ manaḥ

dīptam ity aparair bhūmnā kṛcchrodyam api badhyate &
nyakṣeṇa kṣapitaḥ pakṣaḥ kṣatriyāṇāṃ kṣaṇād iti

arthavyaktir aneyatvam arthasya hariṇoddhṛtā &
bhūḥ khurakṣuṇṇanāgāsṛglohitād udadher iti

mahī mahāvarāheṇa lohitād uddhṛtodadheḥ &
itīyaty eva nirdiṣṭe neyatvam uragāsṛjaḥ

nedṛśaṃ bahu manyatne mārgayor ubhayor api &
na hi pratītiḥ subhagā śabdanyāyavilaṅghinī

utkarṣavān guṇaḥ kaś cid yasminn ukte pratīyate &
tadudārāhvayaṃ tena sanāthā kāvyapaddhatiḥ

arthiṇāṃ kṛpaṇā dṛṣṭis tvanmukhe patitā sakṛt &
tadavasthā punar deva nānyasya mukham īkṣate

iti tyāgasya vākye 'sminn utkarṣaḥ sādhu lakṣyate &
anenaiva pathānyac ca samānanyāyam ūhyatām

ślāghyair viśeṣaṇair yuktam udāraṃ kaiś cid iṣyate &
yathā līlāmbujakrīḍāsarohemāṅgadādayaḥ

ojaḥ samāsabhūyastvam etad gadyasya jīvitam &
padye 'py adakṣiṇātyānām idam ekaṃ parāyaṇam

tadgurūṇāṃ laghūnāṃ ca bāhulyālpatvamiśraṇaiḥ &
uccāvacaprakāraṃ tad dṛśyam ākhyāyikādiṣu

astamastakaparyastasamastārkāṃśusaṃstarā &
pīnastanasthitātāṃrakamravastreva vāruṇī

iti padye 'pi paurastyā badhnanty ojasvinīgiraḥ &
anye tv anākulaṃ hṛdyam icchanty ojo girāṃ yathā

payodharataṭotsaṅgalagnasaṃdhyātapāṃśukā &
kasya kāmāturaṃ ceto vāruṇī na kariṣyati

kāntaṃ sarvajagatkāntaṃ laukikārthān atikramāt &
tac ca vārtābhidhāneṣu varṇanāsv api dṛśyate

gṛhāṇi nāma tāny eva taporāśir bhavādṛśaḥ &
saṃbhāvayati yāny eva pāvanaiḥ pādapāṃsubhiḥ

anayor anavadyāṅgi stanayor jṛmbhamāṇayoḥ &
avakāśo na paryāptas tava bāhulatāntare

iti sambhāvyam evaitad viśeṣākhyānasaṃskṛtam &
kāntaṃ bhavati sarvasya lokayātrānuvartinaḥ

lokātīta ivātyartham adhyāropya vivakṣitaḥ &
yo 'rthas tenātituṣyanti vidagdhā netare janāḥ

devādhiṣṇyam ivārādhyam adyaprabhṛti no gṛham &
yuṣmatpādarajaḥpātadhautaniḥśeṣakilbiṣam

alpaṃ nirmitam ākāśam anālocyaiva vedhasā &
idam evaṃvidhiṃ bhāvi bhavatyāḥ stanajṛmbhaṇam

idam atyuktir ity uktam etad gauḍopalālitam &
prasthānaṃ prākpraṇītaṃ tu sāram anyasya vartmanaḥ

anyadharmas tato 'nyatra lokasīmānurodhinā &
samyag ādhīyate yatra sa samādhiḥ smṛto yathā

kumudāni nimīlanti kamalāny unmiṣanti ca &
iti netrakriyādhyāsāl labdhā tadvācinī śrutiḥ

niṣṭḥyūtodgīrṇavāntādi gauṇavṛttivyapāśrayam &
atisundaram anyatra grāmyakakṣāṃ vigāhate

padmāny arkāṃśuniṣṭhyūtāḥ pītvā pāvakavipruṣaḥ &
bhūyo vamantīva mukhair udgīrṇāruṇareṇubhiḥ

iti hṛdamahṛdyaṃ tu niṣṭhīvati vadhūr iti &
yugapan naikadharmāṇām adhyāsaś ca smṛto yathā

gurugarbhabharaklāntāḥ stanantyo meghapaṅktayaḥ &
acalādhityakotsaṅgam imāḥ samadhiśerate

utsaṅgaśayanaṃ sakhyāḥ stananaṃ gauravaṃ klamaḥ &
itīme garbhiṇīdharmā bahavo 'py atra darśitāḥ

tad etat kāvyasarvasvaṃ samādhir nāma yo guṇaḥ &
kavisārthaḥ samagro 'pi tam enam anugacchati

iti mārgadvayaṃ bhinnaṃ tatsvarūpanirūpaṇāt &
tadbhedās tu na śakyante vaktuṃ pratikavisthitāḥ

ikṣukṣīraguḍādīnāṃ mādhuryasyāntaraṃ mahat &
tathāpi na tad ākhyātuṃ sarasvatyāpi śakyate

naisargikī ca pratibhā śrutaṃ ca bahunirmalam &
amandaś cābhiyogo 'syāḥ kāraṇaṃ kāvyasaṃpadaḥ

na vidyate yady api pūrvavāsanāguṇānubandhi pratibhānam adbhutam &
śrutena yatnena ca vāgupāsitā dhruvaṃ karoty eva kam apy anugraham

tadastatandrair aniśaṃ sarasvatī śramād upāsyā khalu kīrtim īpsubhiḥ &
kṛśe kavitve 'pi janāḥ kṛtaśramā vidagdhagoṣṭhīṣu vihartum īśate