Kaṭhopaniṣadbhāṣya · Chapter 4

1,3.17 //
iti kaṭhavallyāṃ tṛtīyāvallībhāṣyam // 3 //
atha dvitīyo 'dhyāyaḥ
"eṣa sarveṣu bhūteṣu gūḍho 'tmā na prakāśate dṛśyate tv agryayā buddhyā" (KaU 3.12) ity uktam / kaḥ punaḥ pratibandho 'grayāyā buddher yena tadabhāvād ātmā na dṛśyata iti tadadarśanakāraṇapradarśanārthā vally ārabhyate / vijñāte hi śreyaḥpratibandhakāraṇe tadapanayanāya yatna ārabdhuṃ śakyate nānyatheti --
parāñci khāni vyatṛṇat svayaṃbhūs tasmāt parāṅ paśyati nāntarātman /
kaścid dhīraḥ pratyag ātmānam aikṣad āvṛttacakṣur amṛtatvam icchan

2,1.1 //
parāñci parāgañcanti gacchantīti, khāni tadupalakṣitāni śrotrādīnīndriyāṇi khānīty ucyante / tāni parāñcy eva śabdādiviṣayaprakāśanāya pravartante / yasmād evaṃ svābhāvikāni tāni vyatṛṇaddhiṃsitavān hananaṃ kṛtavān ity arthaḥ / ko 'sau / svayambhūḥ parameśvaraḥ svayam eva svatantro bhavati sarvadā na paratantra iti / tasmāt parāṅ parāg rūpān anātmabhūtāñ śabdādīn paśyaty upalabhata upalabdhā nāntarātman nāntarātmānam ity arthaḥ / evaṃsvabhāve 'pi sati lokasya kaścin nadyāḥ pratisrotaḥ pravartanam iva dhīro dhīmān vivekī pratyagātmānaṃ pratyak cāsāv ātmā ceti pratyagātmā / pratīcyevātmaśabdo rūḍho loke nānyatra / vyutpattipakṣe 'pi tatraivātmaśabdo vartate / "yac cāpnoti yadādatte yac cātti viṣayān iha / yac cāsya santato bhāvas tasmād ātmeti kīrtyate" (LiP 1,70.96) ity ātmaśabdavyutpattismaraṇāt / taṃ pratyagātmānaṃ svaṃ svabhāvam aikṣad apaśyat paśyatīty arthaḥ / chandasi kālāniyamāt / kathaṃ paśyatīty ucyate -- āvṛttacakṣurāvṛttaṃ vyāvṛttaṃ cakṣuḥśrotrādikamindriyajātam aśeṣaviṣayādyasya sa āvṛttacakṣuḥ / sa evaṃ saṃskṛtaḥ pratyagātmānaṃ paśyati / na hi bāhyaviṣayālocanaparatvaṃ pratyagātmekṣaṇaṃ caikasya sambhavati / kim arthaṃ punar itthaṃ mahatā prayāsena svabhāvapravṛttinirodhaṃ kṛtvā dhīraḥ pratyagātmānaṃ paśyatīty ucyate -- amṛtatvam amaraṇadharmatvaṃ nityasvabhāvatām icchann ātmana ity arthaḥ

2,1.1 //
parācaḥ kāmān anuyanti bālās te mṛtyor yanti vitatasya pāśam /
atha dhīrā amṛtatvaṃ viditvā dhruvam adhruveṣv iha na prārthayante

2,1.2 //
yat tāvat svābhāvikaṃ parāg evānātmadarśanaṃ tad ātmadarśanasya pratibandhakāraṇam avidyā tatpratikūlatvād yā ca parāg evāvidyopapradarśiteṣu dṛṣṭādṛṣṭeṣu bhogeṣu tṛṣṇā tābhyām avidyātṛṣṇābhyāṃ pratibaddhātmadarśanaḥ parāco bahirgatān eva kāmān kāmyān viṣayān anuyanty anugacchanti bālā alpaprajñāḥ, te tena kāraṇena mṛtyor avidyākāmakarmasamudāyasya yanti gacchanti vitatasya vistīrṇasya sarvato vyāptasya pāśaṃ pāśyate badhyate yena taṃ pāśaṃ dehendriyādisaṃyogalakṣaṇam / anavarataṃ janmamaraṇajarārogādyanekānarthavrātaṃ pratipadyanta ity arthaḥ / yata evam atha tasmād dhīrā vivekinaḥ pratyagātmasvarūpāvasthān alakṣaṇam amṛtatvaṃ dhruvaṃ viditvā / dehādyamṛtatvaṃ hy abruvam idaṃ tu pratyagātmasvarūpāvasthān alakṣaṇaṃ dhruvaṃ "na karmaṇā vardhate no kanīyān" (BĀU 4,4.23) iti śruteḥ / tad evambhūtaṃ kūṭastham avicālyam amṛtatvaṃ viditvādhruveṣu sarvapadārtheṣv anityeṣu nirdhāryaṃ brāhmaṇā iha saṃsāre 'narthaprāye na prārthayante kiñcid api pratyagātmadarśanapratikūlatvāt / putravittalokaiṣaṇābhyo vyuttiṣṭhanty evety arthaḥ

2,1.2 //
yena rūpaṃ rasaṃ gandhaṃ śabdān sparśīṃś ca maithunān /
etenaiva vijānāti kim atra pariśiṣyate // etad vai tat

2,1.3 //
yad vijñānān na kiñcid anyat prārthayante brahmaṇāḥ, kathaṃ tadadhigama ity ucyate --
yena vijñānasvabhāvenātmanā rūpaṃ rasaṃ gandhaṃ śabdān sparśāṃś ca maithunān maithunanimittān sukhapratyayān vijānāti vispaṣṭaṃ jānāti sarvo lokaḥ / nanu naivaṃ prasiddhir lokasyātmanā dehādivilakṣaṇenāhaṃ vijānāmīti / dehādisaṅghāto 'haṃ vijānāmīti tu sarvo loko 'vagacchati / na tv evam / dehādisaṅghātasyāpi śabdādisvarūpatvāviśeṣād vijñeyatvāviśeṣāc ca na yuktaṃ vijñātṛtvam / yadi hi dehādisaṅghāto rūpādyātmakaḥ san rūpādīn vijānīyāt tarhi bāhyā api rūpādayo 'nyonyaṃ svaṃ svaṃ rūpañ ca vijānīyuḥ / na caitad asti / tasmād dehādilakṣaṇāṃś ca rūpādīn etenaiva dehādivyatiriktenaiva vijñānasvabhāvenātmanā vijānāti lokaḥ / yathā yena loho dahati so 'gnir iti tadvat / ātmano 'vijñeyaṃ kim atrāsmiṃl loke pariśiṣyate na kiñcit pariśiṣyate / sarvam eva tv ātmanā vijñeyam / yasyātmano 'vijñeyaṃ na kiñcit pariśiṣyate sa ātmā sarvajñaḥ / etad vai tat / kiṃ tad yan naciketasā pṛṣṭaṃ devādibhir api vicikitsitaṃ dharmādibhyo 'nyad viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padaṃ yasmāt paraṃ nāsti tadvai etad adhigatam ity arthaḥ

2,1.3 //
svapnāntaṃ jāgaritāntaṃ cobhau yenānupaśyati /
mahāntaṃ vibhum ātmānaṃ matvā dhīro na śocati

2,1.4 //
atisūkṣmatvād durvijñeyam iti matvaitam evārthaṃ punaḥ punar āha -- svapnāntaṃ svapnamadhyaṃ svapnavijñeyam ity etat / tathā jāgaritāntaṃ jāgaritamadhyaṃ jāgaritavijñeyaṃ ca / ubhau svapnajāgaritāntau yenātmanānupaśyati loka iti sarvaṃ pūrvavat / taṃ mahāntaṃ vibhum ātmānaṃ matvāvagamyātmabhāvena sākṣād aham asmi paramātmeti dhīro na śocati

2,1.4 //
ya imaṃ madhvadaṃ veda ātmānaṃ jīvamantikāt /
īśānaṃ bhūtabhavyasya na tato vijugupsate // etad vai tat

2,1.5 //
kiñca yaḥ kaścid imaṃ madhvadaṃ karmaphalabhujaṃ jīvaṃ prāṇādikalāpasya dhārayitāram ātmānaṃ veda vijānāty antikād antike samīpa īśānam īśitāraṃ bhūtabhavyasya kālatrayasya, tatas tadvijñānād ūrdhvam ātmānaṃ na vijugupsate na gopāyitum icchaty abhayaprāptatvāt / yāvad dhi bhayam adhyastho 'nityam ātmānaṃ manyate tāvad gopāyitum icchaty ātmānaḥ / yadā tu nityam advaitam ātmānaṃ vijānāti tadā kaḥ kiṃ kuto vā gopāyitum icchet / etad vai tad iti pūrvavat

2,1.5 //
yaḥ pūrvaṃ tapaso jātam adbhyaḥ pūrvam ajāyata /
guhāṃ praviśya tiṣṭhantaṃ yo bhūtebhir vyapaśyata // etad vai tat

2,1.6 //
yaḥ pratyagātmeśvarabhāvena nirdiṣṭaḥ sa sarvātmety etad darśayati -- yaḥ kaścin mumukṣuḥ pūrvaṃ prathamaṃ tapaso jñānādilakṣaṇabrahmaṇa ity etaj jātam utpannaṃ hiraṇyagarbham / kim apekṣya pūrvam ity āha -- adbhyaḥ pūrvam apsahitebhyaḥ pañcabhūtebhyo na kevalābhyo 'dbhya ity abhiprāyaḥ / ajāyata utpanno yas taṃ prathamajaṃ devādiśarīrāṇy utpādya sarvaprāṇiguhāṃ hṛdayākāśaṃ praviśya tiṣṭhantaṃ śabdādīn upalabhamānaṃ bhūtebhir bhūtaiḥ kāryakaraṇalakṣaṇaiḥ saha tiṣṭhantaṃ yo vyapaśyata yaḥ paśyatīty etat / ya evaṃ paśyati sa etad eva paśyati yat tat prakṛtaṃ brahma

2,1.6 //
yā prāṇena saṃbhavati aditir devatāmayī /
guhāṃ praviśya tiṣṭhantīṃ yā bhūtebhir vyajāyata // etad vai tat

2,1.7 //
kiñ ca -- yā saravadevatāmayī saravadevatātmikā prāṇena hiraṇyagarbharūpeṇa parasmād brahmaṇaḥ sambhavati śabdādīnām adanād aditis tāṃ pūrvavad guhāṃ praviśya tiṣṭhantīm aditim / tām eva viśinaṣṭi -- yā bhūtebhir bhūtaiḥ samanvitā vyajāyata utpannety etat

2,1.7 //
araṇyor nihito jātavedā garbha iva subhṛto garbhiṇībhiḥ /
divediva īḍyo jāgṛvadbhir haviṣmadbhir manuṣyebhir agniḥ // etad vai tat

2,1.8 //
kiñ ca -- yo 'dhiyajña uttarādharāraṇyor nihitaḥ sthito jātavedā agniḥ punaḥ sarvahaviṣāṃ bhoktā adhyātmaṃ ca yogibhir garbha iva garbhiṇībhir antarvatnībhir agarhitānnabhojanādinā yathā garbhaḥ subhṛtaḥ suṣṭhu samyagbhṛto loke, ivettham eva rtvigbhir yogibhiś ca sumṛta ity etat / kiñ ca dive dive 'hany ahanīḍyaḥ stutyo vandyaś ca karmibhir yogibhiś cādhvare hṛdaye ca jāgṛvadbhir jāgaraṇaśīlair apramattair ity etat / haviṣmadbhir ājyādimadbhir dhyānabhāvanāvadbhiś ca, manuṣyebhir manuṣyair agnir etad vai tat tad eva prakṛtaṃ brahma

2,1.8 //
yataś codeti sūryo astaṃ yatra ca gacchati /
taṃ devāḥ sarve arpitās tad u nātyeti kaścana // etad vai tat

2,1.9 //
kiñ ca -- yataś ca yasmāt prāṇād udety uttiṣṭhati sūryo 'staṃ nimlocanaṃ yatra yasminn eva ca prāṇo 'hanyahani gacchati, taṃ prāṇam ātmānaṃ devāḥ, sarva agnyādayo 'dhidaivaṃ vāgādayaś cādhyātmaṃ sarve viśve 'rā iva rathanābhāv arpitāḥ sampraveśitāḥ sthitikāle / so 'pi brahmaiva / tad etat sarvātmakaṃ brahma / tad u nātyeti nātītya tadātmakatāṃ tadanyatvaṃ gacchati kaścana kaścid api / etad vai tat

2,1.9 //
yad eveha tad amutra yad amutra tad anv iha /
mṛtyoḥ sa mṛtyum āpnoti ya iha nāneva paśyati

2,1.10 //
yad brahmādisthāvarānteṣu vartamānaṃ tat tadupādhitvād brahmavadavabhāsamānaṃ saṃsāry anyat parasmād brahmaṇa iti mā bhūt kasyacid āśaṅketīdam āha -- yad eveha kāryakāraṇopādhisamanvitaṃ saṃsāradharmavadavabhāsamānam avivekināṃ tad eva svātmastham amutra nityavijñānaghanasvabhāvaṃ sarvasaṃsāradharmavarjitaṃ brahma / yac cāmutrāmuṣminn ātmani sthitaṃ tad eveha nāmarūpakāryakaraṇopādhim anu vibhāvyamānaṃ nānyat / tatraivaṃ saty upādhisvabhāvabhedadṛṣṭilakṣaṇayāvidyayā mohitaḥ san ya iha brahmaṇyanānābhūte parasmād anyo 'haṃ matto 'nyatparaṃ brahmeti nāneva bhinnam iva paśyaty upalabhate, sa mṛtyor maraṇān mṛtyuṃ maraṇaṃ punaḥ punar jananamaraṇabhāvam āpnoti pratipadyate / tasmāt tathā na paśyet / vijñānaikarasaṃ nairantaryeṇākāśavat paripūrṇa brahmaivāham asmīti paśyed iti vākyārthaḥ

2,1.10 //
manasaivedam āptavyaṃ neha nānāsti kiṃcana /
mṛtyoḥ sa mṛtyuṃ gacchati ya iha nāneva paśyati

2,1.11 //
prāgekatvavijñānācāryāgamasaṃskṛtena manasaivedaṃ brahmaikarasam āptavyam ātmaiva nānyad astīti / āpte ca nānātvapratyupasthāpikāyā avidyāyā nivṛttatvād iha brahmaṇi nānā nāsti kiñcanāṇumātram api / yas tu punar avidyātimiradṛṣṭiṃ na muñcatīha brahmaṇi nāneva paśyati, sa mṛtyor mṛtyuṃ gacchaty eva svalpam api bhedam adhyāropayann ity arthaḥ

2,1.11 //
punar api tad eva prakṛtaṃ brahmāha --
aṅguṣṭhamātraḥ puruṣo madhya ātmani tiṣṭhati /
īśāno bhūtabhavyasya na tato vijugupsate // etad vai tat

2,1.12 //
aṅguṣṭhamātro 'ṅguṣṭhaparimāṇo 'ṅguṣṭhaparimāṇaṃ hṛdayapuṇḍarīkaṃ tacchidravarty antaḥ -- karaṇopādhir aṅguṣṭhamātro 'ṅguṣṭhamātravaṃśaparvamadhyavarty ambaravat / puruṣaḥ pūrṇam anena sarvam iti / madhya ātmani śarīre tiṣṭhati yas tam ātmānam īśānaṃ bhūtabhavyasya viditvā na tad ity ādi pūrvavat

2,1.12 //
aṅguṣṭhamātraḥ puruṣo jyotir iva adhūmakaḥ /
īśāno bhūtabhavyasya sa evādya sa u śvaḥ // etad vai tat

2,1.13 //
kiṃ cāṅguṣṭhamātraḥ puruṣo jyotir ivādhūmakaḥ, adhūmakam iti yuktaṃ jyotiṣparatvāt / yas tv evaṃ lakṣito yogibhir hṛdaya īśāno bhūtabhavyasya sa eva nityaḥ kūṭastho 'dyedānīṃ prāṇiṣu vartamānaḥ sa u śvo 'pi vartiṣyate, nānyas tatsamo 'nyaś ca janiṣyata ity arthaḥ / anena "nāyamastīti caika" (KaU 1.20) ity ayaṃ pakṣo nyāyato 'prāpto 'pi svavacanena śrutyā pratyuktas tathā kṣaṇabhaṅgavādaś ca

2,1.13 //
yathodakaṃ durge vṛṣṭaṃ parvateṣu vidhāvati /
evaṃ dharmān pṛthak paśyaṃs tān evānu vidhāvati

2,1.14 //
punar api bhedadarśanāpavādaṃ brahmaṇa āha -- yathodakaṃ durge durgame deśa ucchrite vṛṣṭaṃ siktaṃ parvateṣu parvavatsu nimnapradeśeṣu vidhāvati vikīrṇaṃ sad vinaśyati, evaṃ dharmān ātmano 'bhinnān pṛthak paśyan pṛthag eva pratiśarīraṃ paśyaṃs tān eva śarīrabhedānuvartino 'nuvidhāvati / śarīrabhedam eva pṛthak punaḥ punaḥ pratipadyata ity arthaḥ

2,1.14 //
yathodakaṃ śuddhe śuddham āsiktaṃ tādṛg eva bhavati /
evaṃ muner vijānata ātmā bhavati gautama

2,1.15 //
iti kāṭhakopaniṣadi caturthī vallī //
asya punar vidyāvato vidhvastopādhikṛtabhedadarśanasya viśuddhavijñānaghanaikarasam advayam ātmānaṃ paśyato vijānato muner mananaśīlasyātmasvarūpaṃ kathaṃ sambhavatīty ucyate yathodakaṃ śuddhe prasanne śuddhaṃ prasannam āsiktaṃ prakṣiptam ekarasam eva nānyathā tādṛg eva bhavaty ātmāpy evam eva bhavaty ekatvaṃ vijānato muner mananaśīlasya he gautama. tasmāt kutārkikabhedadṛṣṭiṃ nāstikakudṛṣṭiṃ cojjhitvā mātṛpitṛsahastrebhyo 'pi hitaiṣiṇā vedenopadiṣṭam ātmaikatvadarśanaṃ śāntadarpair ādaraṇīyam ity arthaḥ