Kaṭhopaniṣadbhāṣya · Chapter 3

1,2.25 //
iti kāṭhavallyāṃ dvitīyavallībhāṣyam // 2 //
atha tṛtīyā vallī /
ṛtaṃ pibantau sukṛtasya loke guhāṃ praviṣṭau parame parārdhe /
chāyātapau brahmavido vadanti pañcāgnayo ye ca triṇāciketāḥ

1,3.1 //
ṛtaṃ pibantāvityasyā vallyāḥ sambandhaḥ / vidyāvidye nānā viruddhaphale ity upanyaste, na tu saphale te yathāvan nirṇīte / tannirṇayārthā ratharūpakakalpanā, tathā ca pratipattisaukaryam / evaṃ ca prāptṛprāpyagantṛgantavyavivekārtharatharūpakadvārā dvāv ātmānāv upanyasyete -- ṛtaṃ satyam avaśyambhāvitvāt karmaphalaṃ pibantau / ekas tatra karmaphalaṃ pibati bhuṅkte netaras tathāpi pātṛsambandhāt pibantāv ity ucyate cchatrinyāyena / sukṛtasya svayaṅkṛtasya karmaṇa ṛtam iti pūrveṇa sambandhaḥ / loke 'smiñ śarīre / guhāṃ guhāyāṃ buddhau praviṣṭau / parame bāhyapuruṣākāśasaṃsthānāpekṣayā paramam / parārdhe parasya brahmaṇo 'rdhaṃ sthānaṃ parārdhaṃ hārdākāśam / tasmin hi paraṃ brahmopalabhyate / tatas tasmin parame parārdhe hārdākāśe praviṣṭāv ity arthaḥ / tau ca cchāyātapāv iva vilakṣanau saṃsāritvāsaṃsāritvena brahmavido vadanti kathayanti / na kevalam akarmiṇa eva vadanti / pañcāgnayo gṛhasthāḥ / ye ca triṇāciketāḥ, triḥ kṛtvo nāciketo 'gniś cito yais te triṇāciketāḥ

1,3.1 //
yaḥ setur ījānānām akṣaraṃ brahma yat param /
abhayaṃ titīrṣatāṃ pāraṃ nāciketaṃ śakemahi

1,3.2 //
yaḥ setuḥ setur iva setur ījānānāṃ yajamānānāṃ karmiṇāṃ duḥkhasantaraṇārthatvāt / nāciketaṃ nāciketo 'gnis tam, vayaṃ jñātuṃ cetuṃ ca śakemahi śaknuvantaḥ / kiñ ca yac cābhayaṃ bhayaśūnyaṃ saṃsārasya pāraṃ titīrṣatāṃ tartum icchatāṃ brahmavidāṃ yatparamāśrayam akṣaram ātmākhyaṃ brahma, tac ca jñātuṃ śakemahi / parāpare brahmaṇī karmibrahmavidāśraye veditavye iti vākyārthaḥ / etayor eva hy upanyāsaḥ kṛta "ṛtaṃ pibantau" (KaU 3.1) iti

1,3.2 //
ātmānaṃ rathinaṃ viddhi śarīraṃ ratham eva tu /
buddhiṃ tu sārathiṃ viddhi manaḥ pragraham eva ca

1,3.3 //
tatra ya upādhikṛtaḥ saṃsārī vidyāvidyāyor adhikṛto mokṣagamanāya saṃsāragamanāya ca, tasya tadubhayagamane sādhano rathaḥ kalpyate / tatrātmānam ṛtapaṃ saṃsāriṇaṃ rathinaṃ rathasvāminaṃ viddhi jānīhi / śarīraṃ ratham eva tu rathabaddhahayasthānīyair indriyair ākṛṣyamāṇatvāc charīrasya / buddhiṃ tv adhyavasāyalakṣaṇāṃ sārathiṃ viddhi, buddhinetṛpradhānatvāc charīrasya sārathinetṛpradhāna iva rathaḥ / sarvaṃ hi dehagataṃ kāryaṃ buddhikartavyam eva prāyeṇa / manaḥ saṃkalpavikalpādilakṣaṇaṃ pragrahaṃ raśanāṃ viddhi / manasā hi pragṛhītāni śrotrādīni karaṇāni pravartante raśanayevāśvāḥ

1,3.3 //
indriyāṇi hayān āhur viṣayāṃs teṣu gocarān /
ātmendriyamanoyuktaṃ bhoktety āhur manīṣiṇaḥ

1,3.4 //
indriyāṇi cakṣurādīni hayān āhū rathakalpanākuśalāḥ, śarīrasthākarṣaṇasāmānyāt / teṣv evendriyeṣu hayatvena parikalpiteṣu gocarān mārgān rūpādīn viṣayān viddhi / ātmendriyamanoyuktaṃ śarīrendriyamanobhiḥ sahitaṃ saṃyuktam ātmānaṃ bhokteti saṃsārīty āhur manīṣiṇo vivekinaḥ / na hi kevalasyātmano bhoktṛtvam asti, buddhyādyupādhikṛtam eva tasya bhoktṛtvam / tathā ca śrutyantaraṃ kevalasyābhotṛtvam eva darśayati "dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva" (BĀU 4,4.7) ity ādi / evañ ca sati vakṣyamāṇarathakalpanayā vaiṣṇavasya padasyātmatayā pratipattir upapadyate, nānyathā svabhāvān atikramāt

1,3.4 //
yas tv avijñānavān bhavaty ayuktena manasā sadā /
tasyendriyāṇy avaśyāni duṣṭāśvā iva sāratheḥ

1,3.5 //
tatraivaṃ sati yas tv avijñānavān yasya buddhyākhyaḥ sārathir avijñāno 'nipuṇo 'vivekī pravṛttau ca nivṛttau ca bhavati, yathetaro rathacaryāyām ayuktenāpragṛhītenāsamāhitena manasā pragrahasthānīyena sadā yukto bhavati, tasyākuśalabuddhisārather indriyāṇy aśvasthānīyāny avaśyāny aśakyanivāraṇāni duṣṭāśvā adāntāśvā ivetarasārather bhavanti

1,3.5 //
yas tu vijñānavān bhavati yuktena manasā sadā /
tasyendriyāṇi vaśyāni sadaśvā iva sāratheḥ

1,3.6 //
yas tu punaḥ pūrvoktaviparītasārathir bhavati vijñānavān pragṛhītamanāḥ samāhitacittaḥ sadā, tasyāśvasthānīyānīndriyāṇi pravartayituṃ nivartayituṃ vā śakyāni vaśyāni dāntāḥ sadaśvā ivetarasāratheḥ

1,3.6 //
yas tv avijñānavān bhavaty amanaskaḥ sadāśuciḥ /
na sa tat padam āpnoti saṃsāraṃ cādhigacchati

1,3.7 //
tasya pūrvoktasyāvijñānavata idaṃ phalam āha -- yas tv avijñānavān bhavati / amanasko 'pragṛhītamanaskaḥ sa tata evāśuciḥ sadaiva / na sa rathī tatpūrvoktam akṣaraṃ yatparaṃ padam āpnoti tena sārathinā / na kevalaṃ tan nāpnoti saṃsāraṃ ca janmamaraṇalakṣaṇam adhigacchati

1,3.7 //
yas tu vijñānavān bhavati samanaskaḥ sadā śuciḥ /
sa tu tat padam āpnoti yasmād bhūyo na jāyate

1,3.8 //
yas tu dvitīyo vijñānavān vījñānavat sārathyupeto rathī vidvān ity etat / yuktamanāḥ samanaskaḥ sa tata eva sadā śuciḥ, sa tu tatpadam āpnoti, yasmād āptāt padād apracyutaḥ san bhūyaḥ punar na jāyate saṃsāre

1,3.8 //
vijñānasārathir yas tu manaḥ pragrahavān naraḥ /
so 'dhvanaḥ pāram āpnoti tad viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padam

1,3.9 //
kiṃ tatpadam ity āha vijñānasārathir yas tu yo vivekabuddhisārathiḥ pūrvokto manaḥpragrahavān pragṛhītamanāḥ samāhitacittaḥ sañ śucir naro vidvān so 'dhvanaḥ saṃsāragateḥ pāraṃ param evādhigantavyam ity etad āpnoti mucyate sarvasaṃsārabandhanaiḥ / tad viṣṇor vyāpanaśīlasya brahmaṇaḥ paramātmano vāsudevākhyasya paramaṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ padaṃ sthānam, satattvaṃ ity etad yad asāv āpnoti vidvān

1,3.9 //
adhunā yatpadaṃ gantavyaṃ tasyendriyāṇi sthūlāny ārabhya sūkṣmatāratamyakrameṇa pratyagātmatayādhigamaḥ kartavya ity evam artham idam ārabhyate --
indriyebhyaḥ parā hy arthā arthebhyaś ca paraṃ manaḥ /
manasas tu parā buddhir buddher ātmā mahān paraḥ

1,3.10 //
sthūlāni tāvad indriyāṇi, tāni yair arthair ātmaprakāśanāyārabdhāni tebhya indriyebhyaḥ svakāryebhyas te parā hy arthāḥ sūkṣmā mahāntaś ca pratyagātmabhūtāś ca / tebhyo 'py arthebhyaś ca paraṃ sūkṣmataraṃ mahatpratyagātmabhūtaṃ ca manaḥ / manaḥśabdavācyaṃ manasa ārambhakaṃ bhūtasūkṣmaṃ saṅkalpavikalpādyārambhakatvāt / manaso 'pi parā sūkṣmatarā mahattarā pratyagātmabhūtā ca buddhiḥ, buddhiśabdavācyām adhyavasāyādyārambhakaṃ bhūtasūkṣmam / uddher ātmā sarvaprāṇibuddhīnāṃ pratyagātmabhūtatvād ātmā mahān sarvamahattvād avyaktād yat prathamaṃ jātaṃ hairaṇyagarbhaṃ tattvaṃ bodhābodhātmakaṃ mahān ātmā buddheḥ param ity ucyate

1,3.10 //
mahataḥ param avyaktam avyaktāt puruṣaḥ paraḥ /
puruśān na paraṃ kiṃcit sā kāṣṭhā sā parā gatiḥ

1,3.11 //
mahato 'pi paraṃ sūkṣmataraṃ pratyagātmabhūtaṃ sarvamahattaraṃ cāvyaktaṃ sarvasya jagato bījabhūtam avyākṛtanāmarūpaṃ satattvaṃ sarvakāryakāraṇaśaktisamāhārarūpam avyaktam avyākṛtākāśādinām avācyaṃ paramātmany otaprotabhāvena samāśritaṃ vaṭakaṇikāyām iva vaṭavṛkṣaśaktiḥ / tasmād avyaktāt paraḥ sūkṣmataraḥ sarvakāraṇakāraṇatvāt pratyagātmatvāc ca mahāṃś ca, ata eva puruṣaḥ sarvapūraṇāt / tato 'nyasya parasya prasaṅgaṃ nivārayann āha -- puruṣān na paraṃ kiñcid iti / yasmān nāsti puruṣāc cinmātrāghanāt paraṃ kiñcid api vastvantaram, tasmāt sūkṣmatvamahattvapratyagātmatvānāṃ sā kāṣṭhā niṣṭhā paryavasānam / atra hīndriyebhya ārabhya sūkṣmatvādi parisamāptam / ata eva ca gantṝṇāṃ sarvagatimatāṃ saṃsāriṇāṃ sā parā prakṛṣṭā gatiḥ / "yad gatvā na nivartante" (BhG 15.6) iti smṛteḥ

1,3.11 //
eṣa sarveṣu bhūteṣu gūḍho 'tmā na prakāśate /
dṛṣyate tv agryayā buddhyā sūkṣmayā sūkṣmadarśibhiḥ

1,3.12 //
nanu gatiś ced āgatyāpi bhavitavyam, kathaṃ "yasmād bhūyo na jāyate" (KaU 3.8) iti / naiṣa doṣaḥ / sarvasya pratyagātmatvād avagatir eva gatir ity upacaryate / pratyagātmatvañ ca darśitam indriyamanobuddhiparatvena / yo hi gantā so 'yam apratyagrūpaṃ gacchaty anātmabhūtaṃ na vindati svarūpeṇa / tathā ca śrutiḥ -- "anadhvagā adhvasu pārayiṣṇavaḥ" (Itihāsa-Upaniṣad 18) ity ādyā / tathā ca darśayati pratyagātmatvaṃ sarvasya / eṣa puruṣaḥ sarveṣu brahmādistambaparyanteṣu bhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ saṃvṛto darśanaśravaṇādikarmāvidyāmāyāc channo 'ta evātmā na prakāśata ātmatvena kasyacit / āho 'tigambhīrā duravagāhyā vicitrā ceyaṃ māyā, yad ayaṃ sarvo jantuḥ paramārthataḥ paramārthasatattvo 'py evaṃ bodhyamāno 'haṃ paramātmeti na gṛhṇāti, anātmānaṃ dehendriyādisaṅghātam ātmano dṛśyamānam api ghaṭādivad ātmatvenāham amuṣya putra ity anucyamāno 'pi gṛhṇāti / nūnaṃ parasyaiva māyayā momuhyamānaḥ sarvo loko bambhramīti / tathā ca smaraṇam "nāhaṃ prakāśaḥ sarvasya yogamāyāsamāvṛtaḥ" (BhG 7.25) ity ādi / nanu viruddham idam ucyate "matvā dhīro na śocati" (KaU 2.22) "na prakāśate" (KaU 3.12) iti ca / naitad evam / asaṃskṛtabuddher avijñeyatvān na prakāśata ity uktam / dṛśyate tu saṃskṛtayāgryayā agram ivāgryayā tayā, ekāgratayopetayety etat sūkṣmayā sūkṣmavastunirūpaṇaparayā / kaiḥ / sūkṣmadarśibhir indriyebhyaḥ parā hy arthā ity ādiprakāreṇa sūkṣmatāpāramparyadarśanena paraṃ sūkṣmaṃ draṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te sūkṣmadarśinas taiḥ sūkṣmadarśibhiḥ paṇḍitair ity etat

1,3.12 //
yacched vāṅmanasī prājñas tad yacchej jñāna ātmani /
jñānam ātmani mahati niyacchet tad yacchec chānta ātmani

1,3.13 //
tatpratipattyupāyam āha yacchen niyacched upasaṃharet prājño vivekī / kim? vāgvācam / vāgatropalakṣaṇārthā sarveṣām indriyāṇām / kva? manasī / manasi chāndasaṃ dairghyam / tac ca mano yacchej jñāne prakāśasvarūpe buddhāv ātmani / buddhir hi mana ādikaraṇānyāpnotīty ātmā pratyak ca teṣām / jñānaṃ buddhim ātmani mahati prathamaje niyacchet / prathamajavat svacchasvabhāvakam ātmano vijñānam āpādayed ity arthaḥ / tañ ca mahāntam ātmānaṃ yacchec chānte sarvaviśeṣapratyastamitarūpe 'vikriye sarvāntare sarvabuddhipratyayasākṣiṇi mukhya ātmani

1,3.13 //
uttiṣṭhata jāgrata prāpya varān nibodhata /
kṣurasya dhārā niśitā duratyayā durgaṃ pathas tat kavayo vadanti

1,3.14 //
evaṃ puruṣa ātmani sarvaṃ pravilāpya nāmarūpakarmatrayaṃ yan mithyājñānavijṛmbhitaṃ kriyākārakaphalalakṣaṇaṃ svātmayāthātmyajñānena marīcyudakarajjusarpagaganamalānīva marīcirajjugaganasvarūpadarśanenaiva svasthaḥ praśāntaḥ kṛtakṛtyo bhavati yataḥ, atas taddarśanārtham anādyāprasuptā uttiṣṭhata he jantavaḥ, ātmajñānābhimukhā bhavata, jāgratājñānanidrāyā ghorarūpāyāḥ sarvānarthabījabhūtāyāḥ kṣayaṃ kuruta / katham / prāpyopagamya varān prakṛṣṭān ācāryāṃs tattvavidaḥ, tadupadiṣṭaṃ sarvāntaram ātmānam aham asmīti nibodhatāvagacchata / na hy upekṣatavyam iti śrutir anukampayāha mātṛvat / atisūkṣmabuddhiviṣayatvāj jñeyasya / kim iva sūkṣmabuddhir ity ucyate / kṣurasya dhārāgraṃ niśitā tīkṣṇīkṛtā duratyayā duḥkhenātyayo yasyāḥ sā duratyayā / yathā sā padbhyāṃ durgamanīyā tathā durgaṃ duḥsampādyam ity etat pathaḥ panthānaṃ tat taṃ jñānalakṣaṇaṃ mārgaṃ kavayo medhāvino vadanti / jñeyasyātisūkṣmatvāt tadviṣayasya jñānamārgasya duḥsampādyatvaṃ vadantīty abhiprāyaḥ

1,3.14 //
tatkatham atisūkṣmatvaṃ jñeyasyety ucyate / sthūlā tāvad iyaṃ medinī śabdasparśarūparasagandhopacitā sarvendriyaviṣayabhūtā tathā śarīram / tatraikaikaguṇāpakarṣeṇa gandhādīnāṃ sūkṣmatvamahattvaviśuddhatvanityatvāditāratamyaṃ dṛṣṭamabādiṣu yāvad ākāśam iti / te gandhādayaḥ sarva eva sthūlatvād vikārāḥ śabdāntā yatra na santi kim u tasya sūkṣmatvādiniratiśayatvaṃ vaktavyam ity etad darśayati śrutiḥ --
aśabdam asparśam arūpam avyayaṃ tathārasaṃ nityam agandhavac ca yat /
anādy anantaṃ mahataḥ paraṃ dhruvaṃ nicāyya tan mṛtyumukhāt pramucyate

1,3.15 //
aśabdam asparśam arūpam arasam agandhavac ca yad etad vyākhyātaṃ brahmāvyayaṃ yad dhi śabdādimattadvyetīdaṃ tv aśabdādimattvād avyayaṃ na vyeti na kṣīyate, ata eva ca nityam, yad dhi vyeti tad anityam idaṃ tu na vyety ato nityam / itaś ca nityam anādyavidyamāna ādiḥ kāraṇam asya tad idam anādi / yad dhy ādimattatkāryatvād anityaṃ kāraṇe pralīyate yathā pṛthivyādi / idaṃ tu sarvakāraṇatvād akāryam akāryatvān nityam, na tasya kāraṇam asti yasmin pralīyate / tathānantam avidyamāno 'ntaḥ kāryam asya tad anantam / yathā kadalyādeḥ phalādikāryotpādanenāpy anityatvaṃ dṛṣṭam, na ca tathāpy antavattvaṃ brahmaṇo 'to 'pi nityam / mahato mahattattvād buddhyākhyāt paraṃ vilakṣaṇaṃ nityavijñaptisvarūpatvāt sarvasākṣi hi sarvabhūtātmatvād brahma / uktaṃ hi "eṣa sarveṣu bhūteṣu" (KaU 3.12) ity ādi / dhruvaṃ ca kūṭasthaṃ nityaṃ na pṛthivyādivad āpekṣikaṃ nityatvam / tad evambhūtaṃ brahmātmānaṃ nicāyyāvagamya tam ātmānaṃ mṛtyumukhān mṛtyugocarād avidyākāmakarmalakṣaṇāt pramucyate vimucyate

1,3.15 //
nāciketam upākhyānaṃ mṛtyuproktaṃ sanātanam /
uktvā śrutvā ca medhāvī brahmaloke mahīyate

1,3.16 //
prastutavijñānastutyartham āha śrutiḥ -- nāciketaṃ naciketasā prāptaṃ nāciketaṃ mṛtyunā proktaṃ mṛtyuproktam idam ākhyānam upākhyānaṃ vallītrayalakṣaṇaṃ sanātanaṃ cirantanaṃ vaidikatvād uktvā brāhmaṇebhyaḥ śrutvā cācāryebhyo medhāvī brahmaiva loko brahmalokas tasmin brahmaloke mahīyata ātmabhūta upāsyo bhavatīty arthaḥ

1,3.16 //
ya imaṃ paramaṃ guhyaṃ śrāvayed brahmasaṃsadi /
prayataḥ śrāddhakāle vā tad ānantyāya kalpate tad ānantyāya kalpata iti

1,3.17 //
iti kāṭhakopaniṣadi tṛtīyā vallī // 3 //
yaḥ kaścid imaṃ granthaṃ paramaṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ guhyaṃ gopyaṃ śrāvayed granthato 'rthataś ca brāhmaṇānāṃ saṃsadi brahmasaṃsadi prayataḥ śucir bhūtvā śrāddhakāle vā śrāvayed bhuñjānān tacchūddham asyānantyāyānantaphalāya kalpate sampadyate / dvir vacanam adhyāyaparisamāpty artham