Hetubindu · Chapter 1

parokṣārthapratipatteranumānāśrayatvādeva tad vyutpādanārtha saṃkṣepata idamārabhyate- pakṣadharmastadaṃśena vyāpto hetustridhaiva saḥ / avinābhāvaniyamād hetvābhāsāstato 'pare //

pakṣo dharmī, avayave samudāyopacārāt / prayojanābhāvādanupacāra iti cet / na / sarvadharmidharmapratiṣedhārthatvādupacārasya / evaṃ hi cākṣuṣatvādi parihṛtaṃ bhavati / dharmavacanenāpi parāśrayatvād dharmasya dharmyāśrayasiddhau pratyāsatteḥ sādhyadharmiṇa eva siddhiriti cet / na / pratyāsatteḥ dṛṣṭāntadharmiṇo 'pi / siddhe tadaṃśavyāptyā dṛṣṭāntadharmiṇi sattve punardharmiṇo vacanaṃ dṛṣṭāntadharmiṇa eva yo dharmaḥ sa heturiti niyamārthamāśaṃkyeta / dṛṣṭaṃ sajātīya eva sattvam ityavadhāraṇena sādhyābhāve siddhe 'pi vyatireke sādhyābhāve asattvavacanam, tathehāpi tadaṃśavyāptivacanāt siddhe 'pi dṛṣṭāntadharmiṇi sattve tatraiva bhāvaniyamārtha dharmivacanamāśaṃkyeta / tasmāt sāmarthyād arthapratītāvapi upacāramātrāt samānanirdeśāt pratipattigauravaṃ ca parihṛtaṃ bhavati /

pakṣasya dharmatve tadviśeṣaṇāpekṣasyānyatrānanuvṛtterasādhāraṇateti cet / na / ayogavyavacchedena viśeṣaṇāt / yathā caitro dhanurdhara iti / nānyayogavyavacchedena / yathā pārtho dhanurdhara iti / tadaṃśastadharmaḥ /

tasya vyāptirhi vyāpakasya tatra bhāva eva / vyāpyasya vā tatraiva bhāvaḥ / etena anvayo vyatireko vā pakṣadharmaśca yathāsvaṃ pramāṇena niścita uktaḥ / sarvatra hetau sādhyavaidharmye vyāptyasiddhervyāpakānivṛttau nivṛttyabhāvādvā / anvayavyatirekāniścayābhyāṃ hi taddharmavyāptiniścayaḥ /

tatra pakṣadharmasya sādhyadharmiṇi pratyakṣato 'numānato vā prasiddhiḥ / tathā pradeśe dhūmasya, śabde vā kṛtakatvasya /
sadhūmaṃ hi pradeśamarthāntaraviviktarūpamasādhāraṇātmanā dṛṣṭavataḥ smārtaṃ yathādṛṣṭabheda viṣayaṃ liṅgajñānamutpadyate /
tatra yadādyamasādhāraṇaviṣayaṃ darśanaṃ tadeva pramāṇam /

tasmiṃstathābhūte darśanena dṛṣṭesati sa yena yenāsādhāraṇastadasādhāraṇatāṃ tato bhedamabhilapantī atadvayāvṛtiviṣayā smṛtirutpatrā pratyakṣabalena na pramāṇam / yathādṛṣṭākāragrahaṇāt, prāgasādhāraṇaṃ dṛṣṭvā asādhāraṇa ityabhilapataḥ apūrvārthādhigamābhāvāt, arthakriyāsādhanasya ālocanājñānena darśanācca / adṛṣṭasya punastatsādhanasya vikalpenāpratipatteranumānavat /
arthakriyārthī hi sarvaḥ prekṣāvān pramāṇamapramāṇaṃ vānveṣate / na ca sāmānyaṃ svalakṣaṇapratipatterūrdhvaṃ tatsāmarthyotpatravikalpavijñānagrāhyaṃ kāñcidarthakriyāmupakalpayati / yathā nīlaṃ dṛṣṭvā nīlamiti jñāne / tadeva hi nīlasvalakṣaṇaṃ tathāvidhasādhyārthakriyākāri / tacca tenātmanā dṛṣṭameva ālocanāpratyayena /
na ca tatsvalakṣaṇagrahaṇottarakālabhāvino nīlavikalpasya viṣayeṇa nīlasādhyārthakriyā kriyate /

tasmāt anadhigatārthaviṣayaṃ pramāṇam ityapi anadhigate svalakṣaṇe iti viśeṣaṇīyam / adhigate tu svalakṣaṇe tatsāmarthyajanmā vikalpastadanukārī kāryatastadviṣayatvāt smṛtireva, na pramāṇam, anadhigatavasturūpasyānadhigateḥ / vastvadhiṣṭhānatvāt pramāṇavyavasthāyāḥ / arthakriyāyogyaviṣayatvāt tadarthināṃ pravṛtteḥ / arthakriyāyogyalakṣaṇaṃ hi vastu / tato 'pi vikalpāt vastunyeva tadadhyavasāyena puruṣasya pravṛtteḥ / pravṛttau pratyakṣeṇābhinnayogakṣematvāt /
pūrvapratyakṣakṣaṇena abhinnayogakṣematvāduttareṣāṃ kvacidaprāmāṇyaprasaṅga iti cet / na / kṣaṇaviśeṣasādhyārthavāñcāyāṃ nānāyogakṣematvāt / sādhāraṇe hi kārye na teṣāṃ sāmarthyabhedaḥ / aparāparadhūmapramitasatrikṛṣṭāgniṣu iva anumānajñānānāmagnimātrasādhye 'rthe / etena dharmidharmaliṅgādivikalpasya pramāṇapṛṣṭhabhāvinaḥ prāmāṇyaṃ pratyuktam /

anvayaniścayo 'pi svabhāvahetau sādhyadharmasya vastutastadbhāvatayā sādhanadharmabhāvamātrānubandhasiddhiḥ / sā hi sādhyaviparyaye hetorbādhakapramāṇavṛttiḥ / yathā sat tat kṣaṇikameva, akṣaṇikatve 'rthakriyā virodhāt tallakṣaṇaṃ vastutvaṃ hīyate /
kāryahetau kāryakāraṇabhāvasiddhiḥ / yathedamasyopalambhe upalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptamanupalabdhamupalabhyate, satsu apyanyeṣu hetuṣu asyābhāve na bhavatīti yastadbhāve bhāvastadabhāve 'bhāvaśca pratyakṣānupalambhasādhanaḥ kāryakāraṇabhāvaḥ tasya siddhiḥ / kāryakāraṇabhāva eva hyarthāntarasya evaṃ syāt- yatra dhūmastatrāvaśyamagniriti, agnibhāva eva hi bhāvo dhūmasya tatkāryatvamiti /
anupalabdhāvapi anvayaniścayaḥ asadvayavahārasyopalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptasyānupalabdhimātravṛtti sādhanaṃ, nimittāntarābhāvopadarśanāt /

vyatirekaniścayo 'pi kāryasvabhāvahetvoḥ kāraṇavyāpakānupalabdhibhyāṃ dṛśyaviṣayābhyāṃ kāryakāraṇavyāpyavyāpakabhāvasiddhau satyāṃ sādhyābhāve 'bhāvasiddhiruddiṣṭa viṣayasyābhāvopadarśane / anupalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptasyānyathā kvacidabhāvāsiddheḥ / anuddiṣṭaviṣayaṃ sādhyābhāve hetvabhāvakhyāpanaṃ pratibandhamātrasiddhau sidhyatīti na tatra vyatirekasādhane anupalabdhyoḥ dṛśyaviṣayatāviśeṣaṇamapekṣyate / vyatirekāniścayo 'nupalabdhāvupalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptāt sato 'nupalambhābhāvadarśanam /

etallakṣaṇaḥ tridhaiva saḥ hetustriprakāra eva / svabhāvaḥ kāryamanupalabdhiśceti / yathā anitye kasmiṃścitsādhye sattvamiti / agnimati pradeśe dhūma iti / abhāve ca upalabdhilakṣaṇaprāptasyānupalabdhiriti / atraiva trividhahetāvavinābhāvasya niyamāt / pakṣadharmasya yathoktā vyāptiravinābhāvaḥ / na sa trividhāddhetoranyatrāstītyatraiva niyata ucyate /