Chandogya Upanishad (with commentary) · Chapter 2.23

ChUpBh_2,22.5 yata indrādyātmānaḥ svarādayo 'taḥ sarve svarā ghoṣavanto balavanto vaktavyāḥ /
tathāhamindre balaṃ dadāni balamādadhānīti /
tathā sarva ūṣmāṇo 'grastā antarapraveśitā anirastā bahiraprakṣiptā vivṛtā[vivṛttā] vivṛtaprayatnopetāḥ prajāpaterātmānaṃ paridadāni prayacchānīti /
sarve sparśā leśena śanakairanabhinihitā anabhinikṣiptā vaktavyā mṛtyorātmānaṃ bālāniva śanakaiḥ pariharan mṛtyorātmānaṃ pariharāṇīti //5//
iti chāndogyopaniṣadi dvitīyādhyāyasya dvāviṃśaḥ khaṇḍaḥ
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trayo dharmaskandhāḥ |
yajño 'dhyayanaṃ dānam iti prathamaḥ |
tapa eva dvitīyaḥ |
brahmacāryācāryakulavāsī tṛtīyo 'tyantam ātmānam ācāryakule 'vasādayan |
sarva ete puṇyalokā bhavanti |
brahmasaṃstho 'mṛtatvam eti

ChUpBh_2,23.1 oṅkārasyopāsanavidhyarthaṃ trayo dharmaskandhā ityādyārabhyate /
naivaṃ manatavyaṃ sāmāvayavabhūtasyaivodgīthādilakṣaṇasyoṅkārasyopāsanātphalaṃ prāpyata iti /
kiṃ tarhi?yatsarvairapi sāmopāsanaiḥ karmabhiścāprāpyaṃ tatphalamamṛtatvaṃ kevalādoṅkāropāsanātprāpyata iti /
tatstutyarthaṃ sāmaprakaraṇe tadupanyāsaḥ /
trayasrisaṃkhyākā dharmasya skandhā dharmaskandhāḥ dharmavibāgā ityarthaḥ /
ke ta ityāha -yajño 'gnihotrādiḥ /
adhyayanaṃ saniyamasya ṛgāderabhyāsaḥ /
dānaṃ bahirvedi yathāśaktidravyasaṃvibhāgo bhikṣamāṇebhyaḥ /
ityeṣa prathamo dharmaskandhaḥ /
gṛhasthasamavetatvāttannirvartakena gṛhasthena nirdiśyate prathama eka ityartho dvitīyatṛtīyaśravaṇānnā'dyārthaḥ /
tapa eva dvitīyastapa iti kṛcchracāndrāyaṇādi tadvāṃstāpasaḥ parivrāḍvā na brahmasaṃstha āśramadharmamātrasaṃstho;brahmasaṃsthasya tvamṛtatvaśravaṇāt /
dvitīyo dharmaskandhaḥ /
brahmacāryācāryakule vastuṃ śīlamasyetyācāryakulavāsī /
atyantaṃ yāvajjīvamātmānaṃ niyamairācāryakule 'vasādayankṣapayandehaṃ tṛtīyo dharmaskandhaḥ /
atyantamityādiviśeṣaṇānnaiṣṭhika iti gamyate /
upakurvāṇasya svādhyāyagrahaṇārthatvānna puṇyalokatvaṃ brahmacaryeṇa /
sarva ete trayo 'pyāśramiṇo yathoktairdharmaiḥ puṇyalokā bhavanti /
puṇyo loko yeṣāṃ ta ime puṇyalokā āśramiṇo bhavanti /
avaśiṣṭastvanuktaḥ parivrāḍbrahmasaṃstho brahmaṇi samyaksthitaḥ so 'mṛtatvaṃ puṇyalokavilakṣaṇamamaraṇabhāvamātyantikameti nā'pekṣikaṃ devādyamṛtatvavat /
puṇyalokātpṛyagamṛtatvasya vibhāgakaraṇāt /
yadi ca pumyalokātiśayamātramamṛtatvamabhaviṣyattataḥ puṇyalokatvādvibhaktaṃ nāvakṣyat /
vibhaktepadeśāccā'tyantikamamṛtatvamiti gamyate /
atra cā'śramadharmaphalopanyāsaḥ praṇavasevāstutyarthaṃ na tatphalavidhyartham /
stutaye ca pravamasevāyā āśramadharmaphalavidhaye ceti hi bhidyeta vākyam /
tasmātsmṛtisiddhāśramaphalānuvādena praṇavasevāphalamamṛtatvaṃ bruvanpraṇavasevāṃ stauti /
yathā pūrṇavarmaṇaḥ sevā bhaktaparidhānamātraphalā rājavarmaṇastu sevā rājyatulyaphaleti tadvat /
praṇavaśca tatsatyaṃ paraṃ brahma tatpratīkatvāt /
"etaddhyevākṣaraṃ brahma etaddhyevākṣaraṃ param" ityādyāmnāyātkāṭhake yuktaṃ tatsevāto 'mṛtatvam /
caturṇāmadhikṛtatvāviśeṣāt /
brahmasaṃsthatve 'pratiṣedhācca /
svakarmacchidre ca brahmasaṃsthatāyāṃ sāmardhyopapatteḥ /
na ca yavavarāhādiśabdavadbrahmasaṃsthaśabdaḥ parivrājake rūḍhaḥ /
brahmaṇi saṃsthitinimittamupādāya pravṛttatvāt /
na hi rūḍhiśabdā nimittamupādadate /
sarveṣāṃ ca brahmaṇi sthitirupapadyate /
yatra yatra nimittamasti brahmaṇi saṃsthitistasya tasya nimittavato vācakaṃ santaṃ brahmasaṃsthaśabdaṃ parivrāḍekaviṣaye saṃkoca kāraṇābhāvānniroddhuma yuktam /
na ca pārivrājyāśramadharmamātreṇāmṛtatvam /
jñānānarthakyaprasaṅgāt /
pārivrājyadharmayuktameva jñānamamṛtatvasādhanamiti cenna /
āśramadharmatvāviśeṣāt /
dharmo vā jñānaviśiṣṭo 'mṛtatvasādhanamityedapi sarvāśramadharmāṇāmaviśiṣṭam /
na ca vacanamasti parivrājakasyaiva brahmasaṃsthasya mokṣo nānyeṣāmiti /
jñānānmokṣa iti ca sarvopaniṣadāṃ siddhāntaḥ tasmādya eva brahmasaṃsthaḥ svāśramavihitakarmavatāṃ so 'mṛtatvametīti /
kurvidaṃ mā kārṣīriti karmavidhayaḥ pravṛttāḥ /
tacca nimittaṃ na śāsrakṛtam /
sarvaprāṇiṣu darśanāt /
"sadekamevādvitīyaṃ" "ātmaivedaṃ sarvaṃ" "brahmaivedaṃ sarvam" itiśāsrajanyaḥ pratyayo vidyārūpaḥ svābhāvikaṃ kriyākārakaphalabhedapratyayaṃ karmavidhinimittamanupamṛdya na jāyate /
bhedābhedapratyayayorvirodhāt /
na hi taimirikadvicandrādibhedapratyayamanupamṛdya timirāpagame candrādyekatvapratyaya upajāyate /
vidyāvidyāpratyayayorvirodhāt /
tatraivaṃ sati yaṃ bhedapratyayamupādāya karmavidhayaḥ pravṛtāḥ sa yasyopamarditaḥ sadekamevādvitīyaṃ tatsatyaṃ vikārabhedo 'nṛtamityetadvākyapramāṇajanitenaikatvapratyayena sa sarvakarmabhyo nivṛtto nimittanivṛtte:,sa ca nivṛttakarmā brahmasaṃstha ucyate, sa ca parivrāḍevānyasyāsambhavāt /
anyo hyanivṛttabhedapratyayaḥ so 'nyatpaśyañśṛṇvanmanvāno vijānannidaṃ kṛtvedaṃ prāpnuyāmiti hi manyate /
tasyaivaṃ kurvato na brahmasaṃsthatā /
vācārambhaṇamātravikārānṛtābhisandhipratyayatvāt /
na cāsatyamityupardite bhedapratyaye satyamidamanena kartavyaṃ mayeti pramāṇaprameyabuddhirupapadyate /
ākāśa iva talamalabuddhirvivekinaḥ /
upamardite 'pi bhedapratyaye karmabhyo na nivartate cetprāgiva bhedapratyayopamardanādekatvapratyayavidhāyakaṃ vākyamapramāṇīkṛtaṃ syāt /
abhakṣyabhakṣaṇādipratiṣedhavākyānāṃ prāmāṇyavadyuktamekatvavākyasyāpi prāmāṇyam /
sarvopaniṣadāṃ tatparatvāt /
karmavidhīnāmaprāmāṇa ayaprasaṅga iti cet /
na /
anupamarditabhedapratyayavatpuruṣaviṣaye prāmāṇyopapatteḥ svapnādipratyaya iva prākprabodhāt /
vivekināmakaraṇātkarmavidhiprāmāṇyoccheda iti cet /
na /
kāmyavidhyanucchedadarśanāt /
na hi kāmātmatā na praśastetyevaṃvijñānavadbhiḥ kāmyāni karmāṇi nānuṣṭhīyanta iti kāmyakarmavidhaya ucchidyante 'nuṣṭhīyanta eva kāmibhiriti /
tathā brahmasaṃsthairbrahmavidbhirnānuṣṭhīyante karmāṇīti na tadvidhaya ucchidyante 'brahmavidbhiranuṣṭhīyanta eveti /
parivrādakānāṃ bhikṣācaraṇādivadutpannaikatvapratyayānāmapi gṛhasthādīnāmagnihotrādikarmānivṛttiriti cenna /
prāmāṇyacintāyāṃ puruṣapravṛtteradṛṣṭāntatvāt /
na hi nābhicarediti pratiṣiddhamapyabhicaramaṃ kaścitkurvandṛṣṭa iti śatrau dveṣarahitenāpi vivekinābhicaraṇaṃ kriyate /
na ca karmavidhipravṛttinimitte bhedapratyaye bādhite 'gnihotrādau pravartakaṃ nimittamasti, parivrājakasyeva bhikṣācaraṇādau bubhukṣādi pravartakam /
ihāpyakaraṇe pratyavāyabhayaṃ pravartakamiti cet /
na /
bhedapratyayavato 'dhikṛtatvāt /
bhedapratyayavānanupamarditabhedabuddhirvidyayā yaḥ sa karmaṇyadhikṛta ityavocāma /
yo hyadhikṛtaḥ karmaṇi tasya tadakarame pratyavāyo na nivṛttādhikārasya gṛhasthasyeva brahmacāriṇo viśeṣadharmānanuṣṭhāne /
evaṃ tarhi sarvaḥ svāśramastha utpannekatvapratyayaḥ parivrāḍiti cet /
na /
svasvāmitvabhedabuddhyanivṛtteḥ /
karmārthatvāccetarāśramāṇām /
"atha karma kurvīya"iti śruteḥ /
tasmātsvasvāmitvābhāvādbhikṣureka eva parivrāṭ /
na gṛhasthādiḥ /
ekatvapratyayavidhijanitena pratyayena vidhinimittabhedapratyayasyopamarditatvādyamaniyamādyanupapattiḥ parivrājakasyeti cet /
na /
bubhukṣādinaikatvapratyayātprācyāvitasyopapatternivṛttyarthatvāt /

na ca pratiṣiddhasevāprāptiḥ /
ekatvapratyayotpatteḥ prāgeva pratiṣiddhatvāt /
na hi rātrau kūpe kaṇṭake vā patita udite 'pi savitari patati tasminneva /
tasmātsiddhaṃ nivṛttakarmā bhikṣuka eva brahmasaṃstha iti /
yatpunaruktaṃ sarveṣāṃ jñānavarjitānāṃ puṇyalokateti /
satyametat /
yaccoktaṃ tapaḥśabdena parivrāḍapyukta iti /
etadasat /
kasmāt /
parivrājakasyaiva brahmasaṃsthatāsambhavāt /
sa eva hyavaśeṣita ityavocāma /
ekatvavijñānavato 'gnihotrādivattaponivṛtteśca /
bhedabuddhimata eva hi tapaḥkartavyatā syāt /
etena karmacchidre brahmasaṃsthatāsāmarthyaṃ apratiṣedhaśca pratyuktaḥ /
tathā jñānavāneva nivṛttakarmā parivrāḍiti jñānavaiyarthyaṃ pratyuktam /
yatpunaruktaṃ yavavarāhādiśabdavatparivrājake na rūḍho brahmasaṃsthaśabda iti tatparihṛtam /
tasyaiva brahmasaṃsthatāsambhavānnānyasyeti /
yatpunaruktaṃ rūḍhaśabdā nimittaṃ nopādadata iti /
tanna /
gṛhasthatakṣaparivrājakādiśabdadarśanāt /
gṛhasthitipārivrājyatakṣaṇādinimittopādānā api gṛhasthaparivrājakāśramiviśeṣe viśiṣṭajātimati ca takṣeti rūḍhā dṛśyante śabdāḥ /
na yatra yatra tāni nimittāni tatra tatra vartante /
prasiddhyabhāvāt /
tathehāpi brahmasaṃsthaśabdo nivṛttasarvakarmatatsādhanaparivrāḍekaviṣaye 'tyāśramiṇi paramahaṃsākhye vṛtta iha bhavitumarhati /
mukhyāmṛtatvaphalaśravaṇāt /
ataścedamevaikaṃ vedoktaṃ pārivrājyam /
na yajñopavītatridaṇḍakamaṇḍalvādiparigraha iti /
"muṇḍo 'parigraho 'saṅga"iti śrutiḥ"atyākṣamibyaḥ paramaṃ pavitram" ityādi ca śvetāśvatarīye /
"niḥstutirnirnamaskāra"ityādismṛtibhyaśca /
"tasmātkarma na kurvanti yatayaḥ pāradarśinaḥ" /
"tasmādaliṅgo dharmajño 'vyaktaliṅga"ityādismṛtibhyaśca /
yattu sāṃkhyaiḥ karmatyāgo 'bhyupagamyate /
kriyākārakaphalabhedabuddheḥ satyatvābhyupagamāt tanmṛṣā /
yacca bauddhaiḥ śūnyatābhyupagamādakartṛtvamabhyupagamyate /
tadapyasat /
tadabhyupagantuḥ sattvābhyupagamāt /
yaccājñairalasatayākartṛtvābhyupagamaḥ so 'pyasan, kārakabuddheranivartatatvātpramāṇena /
tasmādvedāntapramāṇajanitaikatvapratyayavata eva karmanivṛttilakṣaṇaṃ pārivrājyaṃ brahmasaṃsthatvaṃ ceti siddham /
etena gṛhasthasyaikatvavijñāne sati pārivrājyamarthasiddham /
nanvagnyutsādanadoṣabhāksyātparivrajan /
"vīrahā vā eṣa devānāṃ yo 'gnimudvāsayate"iti śruteḥ /
na /
vedenaivotsāditatvāt utsanna eva hi sa ekatvadarśane jāte /
apāgādagneragnitvamiti śruteḥ /
ato na doṣabhāggṛhasthaḥ parivrajanniti //1 //
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prajāpatir lokān abhyatapat |
tebhyo 'bhitaptebhyas trayī vidyā saṃprāsravat |
tām abhyatapat |
tasyā abhitaptāyā etāny akṣarāṇi saṃprasrvanta bhūr bhuvaḥ svar iti

ChUpBh_2,23.2 yatsaṃstho 'mṛtatvameti tannirūpaṇārthamāha -prajāpatirvirāṭ kaśyapo vā lokānuddiśya teṣu sārajighṛkṣayābhyata padabhitāpaṃ kṛtavāndhyānaṃ tapaḥ kṛtavānityarthaḥ /
tebhyo 'bhitaptebhyaḥ sārabhūtā trayī vidyā samprāsravatprajāpatermanasi pratyabhādityarthaḥ /
tāmabhyatapat /
pūrvavat /
tasyā abhitaptāyā etānyakṣarāṇi samprāsravanta bhūrbhuvaḥ svaritivyāhṛtayaḥ //2 //
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tāny abhyatapat |
tebhyo 'bhitaptebhya oṃkāraḥ saṃprāsravat |
tad yathā śaṅkunā sarvāṇi parṇāni saṃtṛṇṇāny evam oṃkāreṇa sarvā vāk saṃtṛṇṇā |
oṃkāra evedaṃ sarvam oṃkāra eva idaṃ sarvam