Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (with commentary) · Chapter 5.2

BrhUpBh_5,1.1 pūrṇamadaḥ pūrṇaṃ na kutaścid vyāvṛttaṃ vyāpītyetat /
niṣṭhā ca kartari draṣṭavyā /
ada iti parokṣābhidhāyi sarvanāma, tatparaṃ brahmetyarthaḥ /
tat sampūrṇamākāśavad vyāpi nirantaraṃ nirupādhikaṃ ca tadevedaṃ sopādhikaṃ nāmarūpasthaṃvyavahārāpannaṃ pūrṇaṃ svena rūpeṇa paramātmanā vyāpyeva nopādhiparicchinnena viśeṣātmanā /
tadidaṃ viśeṣāpannaṃ kāryātmakaṃ brahma pūrṇāt kāraṇātmana udacyata udricyata udgacchatītyetat /
yadyapi kāryātmanodricyate tathāpi yat svarūpaṃ pūrṇatvaṃ paramātmabhāvaṃ tanna jāhāti pūrṇamevodricyate /
pūrṇasya kāryātmano brahmaṇaḥ pūrṇa pūrṇatvamādāya gṛhītvā ātmasvarūpaikarasatvamāpadya, vidyayā avidyākṛtaṃ bhūtamātropādhisaṃsargajamanyatvāvabhāsaṃ tiraskṛtya pūrṇamevānantaramavāhyaṃ prajñānaghanaikarasasvabhāvaṃ kevalaṃ brahmāvaśiṣyate /
yaduktaṃ brahma vā idamagra āsīttadātmānamevāvettasmāttatsarvamabhavadityeṣo 'sya mantrasyārthaḥ /
tatra brahmetyasyārthaḥ pūrṇamada iti /
idaṃ pūrṇamiti brahma vā idamagra āsīdityasyārthaḥ /
tathā ca śrutyantaram-"yadeveha tadamutrayadamutra tadanviha"iti /
ato 'daḥśabdavācyaṃ pūrṇaṃ brahma tadevedaṃ pūrṇaṃ kāryasthaṃ nāmarūpopādhisaṃyuktamavidyayodriktam /
tasmādeva paramārthasvarūpādanyadiva pratyavabhāsamānam /
tadyadātmānameva paraṃ pūrṇaṃ brahma viditvāhamadaḥ pūrṇaṃ brahmāsmītyevaṃ pūrṇamādāya tiraskṛtyāpūrṇasvarūpatāmavidyākṛtāṃ nāmarūpopādhisaṃparkajāmetayā brahmavidyayā pūrṇameva kevalamavaśiṣyate /
tathā coktam"tasmāttatsarvamabhavat"iti /
yaḥ sarvopaniṣadartho brahma sa eṣo 'nena mantreṇānūdyata uttarasambandhārtham /
brahmavidyāsādhanatvena hi vakṣyamāṇāni sādhanānyoṅkāradamadānadayākhyāni vidhitsitāni khilaprakaraṇasambandhātsarvopāsanāṅgabhūtāni ca /
atraike varṇayanti-pūrṇātkāraṇātpūrṇaṃ kāryamudricyate /
udriktaṃ kāryaṃ vartamānakāle 'pi pūrṇameva paramārthavastubhūtaṃ dvaitarūpeṇa /
punaḥ pralayakāle pūrṇasya kāryasya pūrṇatāmādāyā'tmani dhitvā pūrṇamevāvaśiṣyate kāraṇarūpam /
evamutpattisthitipralayeṣu triṣvapi kāleṣu kāryakāraṇayoḥ pūrṇataiva /
sā caikaiva pūrṇatā kāryakāraṇayorbhedena vyapadiśyate /
evaṃ ca dvaitādvaitātmakamekaṃ brahma /
yathā kila samudro jalataraṅgaphenabudbudādyātmaka eva /
yathā ca jalaṃ satyaṃ tadudbhavāśca taraṅgaphelabudbudādayaḥ samudrātmabhūtā evā'virbhāvatirobhāvadharmiṇaḥ paramārthasatyā eva /
evaṃ sarvamidaṃ dvaitaṃ paramārthasatyameva jalataraṅgādisthānīyaṃ samudrajalasthānīyaṃ tu paraṃ brahma /
evaṃ ca kila dvaitasya satyatve karmakāṇḍasya prāmāṇyaṃ yadā punardvaitaṃ dvaitamivāvidyākṛtaṃ mṛgatṛṣṇikāvadanṛtamadvaitameva paramārthatastadā kila karmakāṇḍaṃ viṣayābhāvādapramāṇaṃ bhavati /
tathā ca virodha eva syāt /
vedaikadeśabhūtopaniṣatpramāṇaṃ paramārthādvaitavastupratipādakatvādapramāṇaṃ karmakāṇḍamasaddvaitaviṣayatvāt /
tadvirodhaparijihīrṣayā śrutyaitaduktaṃ kāryakāraṇayoḥ satyatvaṃ samudravatpūrṇamada ityādineti /
tadasat /
viśiṣṭaviṣayāpavādavikalpayorasambhavāt /
na hīyaṃ suvivakṣitā kalpanā /
kasmāt /
yathā kriyāviṣaya utsargaprāptasyaikadeśe 'pavādaḥ kriyate /
yathāhiṃsansarvabhūtānyanyatra tīrthebhya iti hiṃsā sarvabhūtaviṣayotsargeṇa nivāritā tīrthe viśiṣṭaviṣaye jyotiṣṭomādāvanujñāyate /
na ca tathā vastuviṣaya ihādvaitaṃ brahmotsargeṇa pratipādya punastadekadeśe 'pavadituṃ śakyate /
brahmaṇo 'dvaitatvādevaikadeśānupapatteḥ /
tathā vikalpānupapatteśca /
yathātirātre ṣoḍaśinaṃ gṛhṇāti nātirātre ṣoḍaśinaṃ gṛhṇātīti grahaṇāgrahaṇayoḥ puruṣādhīnatvādvikalpo bhavati /
na tviha tathā vastuviṣaye dvaitaṃ vā syādadvaitaṃ veti vikalpaḥ sambhavatyapuruṣatantratvādātmavastunaḥ /
virodhācca dvaitādvaitatvayorekasya /
tasmānna suvivakṣiteyaṃ kalpanā /
śrutinyāyavirodhācca /
saindhavaghanavatprajñānaikarasaghanaṃ nirantaraṃ pūrvāparabāhyābhyantarabhedavivarjitaṃ sabāhyābhyantaramajaṃ neti netyasthūlamanaṇvajamajaramabhayamamṛtamityevamādyāḥ śrutayo niścitārthāḥ saṃśayaviparyāsāśaṅkārahitāḥ sarvāḥ samudre prakṣiptāḥ syurakiñcitkaratvāt /
tathā nyāyavirodho 'pi sāvayavasyānekātmakasya kriyāvato nityatvānupapatteḥ /
nityatvaṃ cā'tmanaḥ smṛtyādidarśanādanumīyate /
tadvirodhaśca prāpnotyanityatve /
bhavatkalpanānarthakyaṃ ca /
sphuṭameva cāsminpakṣe karmakāṇḍānarthakyam /
akṛtābhyāgamakṛtavipraṇāśaprasaṅgāt /
nanu brahmaṇo dvaitādvaitātmakatve samudrādidṛṣṭāntā vidyante kathamucyate bhavataikasya dvaitādvaitatvaṃ viruddhamiti /
na /
anyaviṣayatvāt /
nityāniravayavavastuviṣayaṃ hi viruddhatvamavocāma dvaitādvaitatvasya na kāryaviṣaye sāvayave /
tasmācchrutismatinyāyavirodhādanupapanneyaṃ kalpanā /
asyāḥ kalpanāyā varamupaniṣatparityāga eva /
adhyeyatvācca na sāstrārtheyaṃ kalpanā /
na hi jananamaraṇādyanarthaśatasahasrabhedasamākulaṃ samudravanādivatsāvayavamanekarasaṃ brahma dhyeyatvena vijñeyatvena vā śrutyopadiśyate /
prajñānaghanatāṃ copadiśati /
ekadhaivānudraṣṭavyamiti ca /
anekadhādarśanāpavādācca"mṛtyoḥ sa mṛtyumāpnoti ya iha nāneva paśyati"iti /
yacca śrutyā ninditaṃ tanna kartavyam /
yacca na kriyate na sa śāsrārthaḥ /
brahmaṇo 'nekarasatvamanekadhātvaṃ ca dvaitarūpaṃ ninditatvānna draṣṭavyam /
ato na śāsrārthaḥ /
yattvekarasatvaṃ brahmaṇastaddraṣṭavyatvātpraśastaṃ praśastatvācca śāstrārtho bhavitumarhati /
yattūktaṃ vedaikadeśasyāprāmāṇyaṃ karmaviṣaye dvaitābhāvādadvaite ca prāmāṇyamiti /
tanna /
yathāprāptopadeśārthatvāt /
na hi dvaitamadvaitaṃ vā vastu jātamātrameva puruṣaṃ jñāpayitvā paścātkarma vā brahmavidyāṃ vopadiśati śāsram /
na copadeśārhaṃ dvaitaṃ jātamātraprāṇibuddhigamyatvāt /
na ca dvaitasyānṛtatvabuddhiḥ prathamameva kasyācitsyāt /
yena dvaitasya satyatvamupadiśya paścādātmanaḥ prāmāṇyaṃ pratipādayecchāsram /
nāpi pāṣaṇḍibhirapi prasthāpitāḥ śāsrasya prāmāṇyaṃ na gṛhṇīyuḥ /
tasmādyathāprāptameva dvaitamavidyākṛtaṃ svābhāvikamupādāya svābhāvikyaivāvidyayā yuktāya rāgadveṣādidoṣavate yathābhimatapuruṣārthasādhanaṃ karmopadiśatyagre paścātprasiddhakriyākārakaphalasvarūpadoṣadarśanavate tadbiparītaudāsīnyasvarūpāvasthānaphalārthine tadupāyabhūtāmātmaikatvadarśanātmikāṃ brahmavidyāmupadiśati /
athaivaṃ sati tadaudāsīnyasvarūpāvasthāne phale prāpte śāsrasya prāmāṇyaṃ pratyarthitvaṃ nivartate /
tadabhāvācchāsrasyāpi śāsratvaṃ taṃ prati nivartata eva /

tathā pratipuruṣaṃ parisamāptaṃ śāsramiti na śāsravirodhagandho 'pyasti /
advaitajñānāvasānatvācchāsraśiṣyaśāsanādidvaitabhedasya /
anyatamāvasthāne hi virodhaḥ syādavasthitasyetaretarāpekṣatvāttu śāsraśiṣyaśāsanānāṃ nānyatamo 'pyavatiṣṭhate /
sarvasamāptau tu kasya viredha āśaṅkyetādvaite kevale śive siddhe /
nāpyavirodhatāta eva /
athāpyabhyupagamya brūmaḥ-dvaitādvaitātmakatve 'pi śāsravirodhasya tulyatvāt /
yadāpi samudrādivaddvaitātmakamekameva brahma nānyadastīti virudhyate /
yasmindvaitaviṣaye 'nyonyopadeśaḥ so 'nyo dvaitaṃ cānyadeveti samudradṛṣṭānto viruddhaḥ /
na ca samudrodakaikatvavadvijñānaikatve brahmaṇo 'nyatropadeśagrahaṇādikalpanā sambhavati /
na hi hastādidvaitādvaitātmake devadatte vākkarṇayordevadattaikadeśabhūtayorvāgupadeṣṭrī karṇaḥ kevala upadeśasya grahītā devadattastu nopadeṣṭā nāpyupadeśasya grahīteti kalpayituṃ śakyate /
samudraikodakātmatvavadekavijñānavatvāddevadattasya /
tasmācchratinyāyavirodhaścābhipretārthāsiddhiścaivaṅkalpanāyāṃ syāt /
tasmādyathāvyākhyāta evāsmābhiḥ pūrṇamada ityasya mantrasyārthaḥ /
oṃ khaṃ brahmeti mantro 'yaṃ cānyatrāviniyukta iha brāhmaṇena dhyānakarmaṇi viniyujyate /
atra ca brahmeti viśeṣyābhidhānaṃ khamiti viśeṣaṇam /
viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyayośca sāmānādhikaraṇyena nirdeśo nīlotpalavat khaṃ brahmeti /
brahmaśabdo bṛhadvastumātrāspado 'viśeṣito 'to viśeṣyate khaṃ brahmeti /
yattatkhaṃ brahma tadoṃśabdavācyamoṃśabdasvarūpamevavobhayathāpi sāmānādhikaraṇyamaviruddham /
iha ca brahmopāsanasādhanatvārthamoṃśabdaḥ prayuktaḥ /
tathā ca śrutyantarāt"etadālambanaṃ śreṣṭhametadālambanaṃ param" "omityātmānaṃ yuñjīta" "omityetenaivākṣareṇa paraṃ puruṣamabhidhyāyīta""omityevaṃ dhyāyatha ātmānam"ityādeḥ /
anyārthāsaṃbhavāccopadeśasya /
yathā'nyatromiti śaṃsatyomityudgāyatītyevamādau svādhyāyārambhāpavargayoścoṅkāraprayogo viniyogādavagamyate na ca tathār'thāntaramihāvagamyate /
tasmāddhyānasādhanatvenaivehoṅkāraśabdasyopadeśaḥ /
yadyapi brahmātmādiśabdā brahmaṇo vācakāstathāpi śrutiprāmāṇyādbrahmaṇo nediṣṭhamabhidhānamoṅkāraḥ /
ata eva brahmapratipattāvidaṃ paraṃ sādhanam /
tacca dviprakāreṇa pratīkatvenābhidhānatvena ca /
pratīkatvena yathā viṣṇvādipratimābhedena, evamoṅkāro brahmeti pratipattavyaḥ /
tathā hyoṅkārālambanasya brahma prasīdati /
"etadālambanaṃ śreṣṭhametadālambanaṃ param /
etadālambanaṃ jñātvā brahmaloke mahīyate"iti śruteḥ /
tatra khamiti bhautike khe pratītirmā bhūdityāha-khaṃ purāṇaṃ ciratanaṃ khaṃ paramātmākāśamityarthaḥ /
yattatparamātmākāśaṃ purāṇaṃ khaṃ taccakṣurādyaviṣayatvānnirālambanamaśakyaṃ grahītumiti śraddhābhaktibhyāṃ bhāvaviśeṣeṇa coṅkāra āveśayati /
yathā viṣṇvaṅgāṅkitāyāṃ śilādipratimāyāṃ viṣṇuṃ loka evam /
vāyuraṃ khaṃ vāyurasminvidyata iti vāyuraṃ khaṃ khamātraṃ khamityucyate na purāṇaṃ khamityevamāha sma /
ko 'sau /
kauravyāyaṇīputraḥ /
vāyure hi khe mukhyaḥ svaśabdavyavahārastasmānmukhe saṃpratyayo yukta iti manyate /
tatra yadi purāṇaṃ khaṃ brahma nirūpādhisvarūpaṃ yadi vā vāyuraṃ khaṃ sopādhikaṃ brahma sarvathāpyoṅkāraḥ pratīkatvenaiva pratimāvatsādhanatvaṃ pratipadyate /
etadvai satyakāma paraṃ cāparaṃ ca brahma yadoṅkāraḥ iti śrutyantarāt /
kevalaṃ svaśabdārthe vipratipattiḥ /
vedo 'yamoṅkāro veda vijānātyanena yadveditavyam /
tasmādveda oṅkāro vācako 'bhidhānam /
tenābhidhānena yadveditavyaṃ brahma prakāśyamānamabhidhīyamānaṃ veda sādhako vijānātyupalabhate /
tasmādvedo 'yamiti brāhmaṇā viduḥ /
tasmādbrāhyaṇānāmabhidhānatvena sādhanatvamabhipretamoṅkārasya /
athavā vedo 'yamityādyarthavādaḥ /
kathamoṅkāro brahmaṇaḥ pratīkatvena vihitaḥ /
oṃ khaṃ brahmeti sāmānādhikaraṇyāttasya stutiridānīṃ vedatvena /
sarvo hyayaṃ veda oṅkāra eva /
etatprabhava etadātmakaḥ sarvaṃ ṛgyajuḥsāmādibhedabhinna eva oṅkāraḥ tadyathā śaṅkunā sarvāṇi parṇāni ityādiśrutyantarāt /
itaścāyaṃ veda oṅkāro yadveditavyaṃ tatsarvaṃ veditavyamoṅkāro vedaḥ /
itarasyāpi vedasya vedatvamata eva /
tasmādviśiṣṭo 'yamoṅkāraḥ sādhanatvena pratipattavya iti /
athavā vedaḥ saḥ /
ko 'sau /
yaṃ brāhmaṇā viduroṅkārāt /
brāhmaṇānāṃ hyasau praṇavodgothādivikalpairvijñeyaḥ /
tasminhi prayujyamāne sādhanatvena sarvo vedaḥ prayukto bhavatīti //1//
iti śrībṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣadbhāṣye pañcamādhyāyasya prathamaṃ brāhmaṇam //1//
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trayāḥ prājāpatyāḥ prajāpatau pitari brahmacaryam ūṣuḥ |
devā manuṣyā asurāḥ |
uṣitvā brahmacaryaṃ devā ūcur bravītu no bhavān iti |
tebhyo haitad akṣaram uvāca da iti |
vyajñāsiṣṭā3 iti |
vyajñāsiṣmeti hocuḥ |
dāmyateti na āttheti |
om iti hovāca vyajñāsiṣṭeti

BrhUpBh_5,2.1 adhunā damādisādhanatrayavidhānārthoṃ'yamārambhaḥ - trayāstrisaṃkhyākāḥ prajāpatyāḥ prajāpaterapatyāni prājāpatyāste kiṃ prajāpattau pitari brahmacaryaṃ śiṣyatvavṛtterbrahmacaryasya prādhānyācchiṣyāḥ santo brahmacaryamūṣuruṣitavanta ityarthaḥ /
ke te /
viśeṣato devā manuṣyā asurāśca /
te coṣitvā brahmacaryaṃ kimakurvannityucyate - teṣāṃ devā ūcuḥ pitaraṃ prajāpatim /
kimiti /
bravītu kathayatu no 'smabhyaṃ yadanuśāsanaṃ bhavāniti /
tebhya evamarthibhyo haitadakṣaraṃ varṇamātramuvāca da iti /
uktvā ca tānpapraccha pitā kiṃ vyajñāsiṣṭā3iti /
mayopadeśārthamabhihitasyākṣarasyārthaṃ vijñātavanta āhosvinneti /
devā ūcurvyajñāsiṣmeti vijñātavanto vayam /
yadyevamucyatāṃ kiṃ mayoktamiti /
devā ūcurdābhyatādāntā yūyaṃ svabhāvato 'to dāntā bhavateti no 'smānāttha kathayati /
itara āhomiti samyagvyajñāsiṣṭeti //1//
START BrhUp 5,2.2
atha hainaṃ manuṣyā ūcur bravītu no bhavān iti |
tebhyo haitad evākṣaram uvāca da iti |
vyajñāsiṣṭā3 iti |
vyajñāsiṣmeti hocuḥ |
datteti na āttheti |
om iti hovāca vyajñāsiṣṭeti

BrhUpBh_5,2.2 samānamanyat /
svabhāvato lubdhā yūyamato yathāśakti saṃvibhajata datteti no 'smānāttha kimanyadbrūyānno hitamiti manuṣyāḥ //2//
START BrhUp 5,2.3
atha hainam asurā ūcur bravītu no bhavān iti |
tebhyo haitad evākṣaram uvāca da iti |
vyajñāsiṣṭā3 iti |
vyajñāsiṣmeti hocuḥ |
dayadhvam iti na āttheti |
om iti hovāca vyajñāsiṣṭeti |
tad etad evaiṣā daivī vāg anuvadati stanayitnur da da da iti |
damyata datta dayadhvam iti |
tad etat trayaṃ śikṣed damam dānam dayām iti