Bhagavadgītā-4comm with the commentaries · Chapter 40

madhusūdanaḥ :
adhyāyābhyāṃ kṛto dvābhyāṃ nirṇayaḥ karma-bodhayoḥ |
karma-tat-tyāgayor dvābhyāṃ nirṇayaḥ kriyate 'dhunā ||
tṛtīye 'dhyāye jyāyasī cet karmaṇas te ity ādinārjunena pṛṣṭo bhagavān jñāna-karmaṇor vikalpa-samuccayāsambhavenādhikāri-bheda-vyavasthayā loke 'smin dvividhā niṣṭhā purā proktā mayānagha ity ādinā nirṇayaṃ kṛtavān | tathā cājñādhikārikaṃ karma na jñānena saha samuccīyate tejas-timirayor iva yugapad asambhavāt karmādhikāra-hetu-bheda-buddhy-apanodakatvena jñānasya tad-virodhitvāt | nāpi vikalpyate ekārthatvābhāvāt | jñāna-kāryasyājñāna-nāśasya karmaṇā kartum aśakyatvāt tam eva viditvāpi mṛtyum eti nānyaḥ panthā vidyate 'nāyanāya iti śruteḥ |
jñāne jāte tu karma-kāryaṃ nāpekṣyata evety uktaṃ yāvān artha udapāne ity atra | tathā ca jñāninaḥ karmānadhikāre niścite prārabdha-karma-vaśād vṛthā-ceṣṭā-rūpeṇa tad-anuṣṭhānaṃ vā sarva-karma-saṃnyāso veti nirvivādaṃ caturthe nirṇītam | ajñena tv antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhi-dvārā jñānotpattaye karmāṇy anuṣṭheyāni tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasānāśakena iti śruteḥ | sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ pārtha jñāne parisamāpyate iti bhagavad-vacanāc ca | evaṃ sarva-karmāṇi jñānārthāni | tathā sarva-karma-saṃnyāso 'pi jñānārthaḥ śrūyate etam eva pravrājino lokam icchantaḥ pravrajanti, śānto
dānta uparatas titikṣuḥ samāhito bhūtvātmany evātmānaṃ paśyet, tyajataiva hi taj jñeyaṃ tyuktuḥ pratyak paraṃ padam, satyānṛte sukha-duḥkhe vedān imaṃ lokam amuṃ ca parityajyātmānam anvicchet ity ādau |
tatra karma tat-tyāgayor ārād upakāraka-saṃnipatyopakārakayoḥ prayājāvaghātayor iva na samuccayaḥ sambhavati viruddhatvena yaugapadyābhāvāt | nāpi karma-tat-tyāgayor ātma-jñāna-mātra-phalatvenaikārthatvād atirātrayoḥ ṣoḍaśi-grahaṇāgrahaṇayor iva vikalpaḥ syāt | dvāra-bhedenaikārthatvābhāvāt | karmaṇo hi pāpa-kṣaya-rūpam adṛṣṭam eva dvāraṃ, saṃnyāsasya tu sarva-vikṣepābhāvena vicārāvasara-dāna-rūpaṃ dṛṣṭam eva dvāram | niyamāpūrvaṃ tu dṛṣṭa-samavāyitvād avaghātādāv iva na prayojakam | tathā cādṛṣṭārtha-dṛṣṭārthayor ārād upakāraka-saṃnipātyopakārakayor eka-pradhānārthatve 'pi vikalpo nāsty eva | prayājāvaghātādīnām
api tat-prasaṅgāt | tasmāt krameṇobhayam apy anṣṭheyam | tatrāpi saṃnyāsānantaraṃ karmānuṣṭhānaṃ cet tadā parityakta-pūrvāśrama-svīkāreṇārūḍha-patitatvāt karmānadhikāritvaṃ prāktana-saṃnyāsa-vaiyarthyaṃ ca tasyādṛṣṭārthatvābhāvāt | prathama-kṛta-saṃnyāsenaiva jñānādhikāra-lābhe tad-uttara-kāle karmānuṣṭhāna-vaiyarthyaṃ ca | tasmād ādau bhagavad-arpaṇa-buddhyā niṣkāma-karmānuṣṭhānād antaḥ-karaṇa-śuddhau tīvreṇa vairāgyeṇa vividiṣāyāṃ dṛḍhāyāṃ sarva-karma-saṃnyāsaḥ śravaṇa-mananādi-rūpa-vedānta-vākya-vicārāya kartavya iti bhagavato matam | tathā coktam - na karmaṇām anārambhān
naiṣkarmyaṃ puruṣo 'śnute iti | vakṣyate ca -
ārurukṣor muner yogaṃ karma kāraṇam ucyate |
yogārūḍhasya tasyaiva śamaḥ kāraṇam ucyate || [Gītā 6.3] iti |
yogo 'tra tīvra-vairāgya-pūrvikā vividiṣā | tad uktaṃ vārtika-kāraiḥ -
pratyag vividiṣāsiddhyai vedānuvacanādayaḥ |
brahmāvāptyai tu tat-tyāga īpsantīti śruter balāt || iti |
smṛtiś ca -
kaṣāya-paṅktiḥ karmāṇi jñānaṃ tu paramā gatiḥ |
kaṣāye karmabhiḥ pakve tato jñānaṃ pravartate || iti |
mokṣa-dharme -
kaṣāyaṃ pācayitvā ca śreṇī-sthāneṣu ca triṣu |
pravrajec ca paraṃ sthānaṃ pārivrājyam anuttamam ||
bhāvinaḥ karaṇaiś cāyaṃ bahu-saṃsāra-yoniṣu |
āsādayati śuddhātmā mokṣaṃ vai prathamāśrame ||
tam āsādya tu muktasya dṛṣṭārthasya vipaścitaḥ |
triṣv āśrameṣu ko nv artho bhavet paramābhīpsitaḥ || iti |
mokṣaṃ vairāgyam | etena kramākrama-saṃnyāso dvāv api darśinau | tathā ca śrutiḥ - brahmacaryaṃ samāpya gṛhī bhaved gṛhād vanī bhūtvā pravrajed yadi vetarathā brahmacaryād eva pravrajed gṛhād vā vanād vā yad ahar eva virajet tad ahar eva pravrajet iti |
tasmād ajñasyāviraktatā-daśāyāṃ karmānuṣṭhānam eva | tasyaiva viraktatā-daśāyāṃ saṃnyāsaḥ śravaṇādy-avasara-dānena jñānārthaṃ iti daśā-bhedenājñam adhikṛtyaiva karma-tat-tyāgau vyākhyātuṃ pañcama-ṣaṣṭhāv adhyāyāv ārabhyete | vidvat-saṃnyāsas tu jñāna-balād artha-siddha eveti sandehābhāvān na vicāryate |
tatraikam eva jijñāsum ajñaṃ prati jñānārthatvena karma-tat-tyāgayor vigdhānāt tayoś ca viruddhayor yugapad anuṣṭhānāsambhavān mayā jijñāsunā kim idānīm anuṣṭheyam iti sandihāno 'rjuna uvāca saṃnyāsam iti |
he kṛṣṇa ! sadānanda-rūpa bhakta-duḥkha-karṣaṇeti vā | karmaṇāṃ yāvaj-jīvādi-śruti-vihitānāṃ nityānāṃ naimittikānāṃ ca saṃnyāsaṃ tyāgaṃ jijñāsum ajñaṃ prati kathayasi veda-mukhena punas tad-viruddhaṃ yogaṃ ca karmānuṣṭhāna-rūpaṃ śaṃsasi | etam eva pravrājino lokam icchantaḥ pravrajanti, tam etaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena ity ādi-vākya-dvayena -
nirāśīr yata-cittātmā tyakta-sarva-parigrahaḥ |
śārīraṃ kevalaṃ karma kurvann āpnoti kilbiṣam || [Gītā 4.21]
chittvainaṃ saṃśayaṃ yogam ātiṣṭhottiṣṭha bhārata iti gītā-vākya-dvayena vā | tatraikam ajñaṃ prati karma-tat-tyāgayor vidhānād yugapad ubhayānuṣṭhānasambhavād etayoḥ karma-tat-tyāgayor madhye yad ekaṃ śreyaḥ praśasyataraṃ manyase karma vā tat-tyāgaṃ vā tan me brūhi suniścitaṃ tava matam anuṣṭhānāya