Bhagavad Gita (with commentary) · Chapter 1

BhG 1
atha arjuna-viṣāda-yogo nāma
prathamo 'dhyāyaḥ |
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bhagavat-śaṅkarācārya-kṛta-bhāṣyam
upodghāṭaḥ
oṃ
nārāyaṇaḥ paro 'vyaktād aṇḍam avyakta-sambhavam |
aṇḍasyāntas tv ime lokāḥ sapta-dvīpā ca medinī ||
sa bhagavān sṛṣṭvedaṃ jagat | tasya ca sthitiṃ cikīrṣuḥ marīḍyādīn agre sṛṣṭvā prajāpatīn pravṛtti-lakṣaṇaṃ dharmaṃ grāhayāmāsa vedoktam | tato 'nyān ca sanaka-sanandanādīn utpādya nivṛtti-lakṣaṇaṃ dharmaṃ jñāna-vairāgya-lakṣaṇaṃ grāhayāmāsa | dvividho hi vedokto dharmaḥ pravṛtti-lakṣaṇo nivṛtti-lakṣaṇaś ca | jagataḥ sthiti-kāraṇam | prāṇināṃ sākṣād abhyudaya-niḥśreyasa-hetur yaḥ sa dharmo brāhmaṇādyair varṇibhir āśramibhiś ca śreyo 'rthibhir anuṣṭhīyamānaḥ | dīrgheṇa kālena anuṣṭhātṝṇāṃ kāmodbhavād dhīyamāna-viveka-jñāna-hetukena adharmeṇa abhibhūyamāne dharme, pravardhamāne ca adharme, jagataḥ sthitiṃ paripipālayiṣuḥ sa ādi-kartā nārāyaṇākhyo viṣṇur bhaumasya brahmaṇo brāhmaṇatvasya cābhirakṣaṇārthaṃ
devakyāṃ vasudevād aṃśena kṛṣṇaḥ kila sambabhūva | brāhmaṇatvasya hi rakṣaṇena rakṣitaḥ syād vaidiko dharmaḥ tad-adhīnatvād varṇāśrama-bhedānām |
sa ca bhagavān jñānaiśvarya-śakti-bala-vīrya-tejobhiḥ sadā sampannas triguṇātmikāṃ vaiṣṇavīṃ svāṃ māyāṃ mūla-prakṛtiṃ vaśīkṛtya, ajo 'vyayo bhūtānām īśvaro nitya-śuddha-buddha-mukta-svabhāvo 'pi san, sva-māyayā dehavān iva jāta iva ca lokānugrahaṃ kurvan lakṣyate | sva-prayojanābhāve 'pi bhūtānujighṛkṣayā vaidikaṃ hi dharma-dvayam arjunāya śoka-moha-mahodadhau nimagnāya upadideśa guṇādhikair hi gṛhīto 'nuṣṭhīyamānaś ca dharmaḥ pracayaṃ gamiṣyatīti | taṃ dharmaṃ bhagavatā yathopadiṣṭaṃ veda-vyāsaḥ sarvajño bhagavān gītākhyaiḥ saptabhiḥ śloka-śatair upanibabandha |
tad idaṃ gītā-śāstraṃ samasta-vedārtha-sāra-saṅgraha-bhūtaṃ durvijñayārthaṃ tad-arthāviṣkaraṇāya anekair vivṛta-pada-padārtha-vākya-vākyārtha-nyāyam api atyanta-viruddhānekārthatvena laukikair gṛhyamāṇam upalabhyāhaṃ vivekato 'rtha-nirdhāraṇārthaṃ saṃkṣepato vivaraṇaṃ kariṣyāmi |
tasya asya gītā-śāstrasya saṃkṣepataḥ prayojanaṃ paraṃ niḥśreyasaṃ sa-hetukasya saṃsārasya atyantoparama-lakṣaṇam | tac ca sarva-karma-sannyāsa-pūrvakād ātma-jñāna-niṣṭhā-rūpād dharmād bhavati | tathā imam eva gītārtha-dharmam uddiśya bhagavataivoktam | sa hi dharmaḥ suparyāpto brahmaṇaḥ pada-vedane [Mbh 14.16.12] ity anugītāsu | tatraiva coktaṃ - naiva dharmī na cādharmī na caiva hi śubhāśubhī [Mbh 14.19.7], yaḥ syād ekāyane līnas tūṣṇīṃ kiṃcid acintayan [Mbh 14.19.1], jñānaṃ saṃnyāsa-lakṣaṇam [Mbh 14.43.26] iti ca | ihāpi cānte uktam arjunāya - sarva-dharmān parityajya mām ekaṃ śaraṇaṃ vraja [Gītā 18.66] iti |
abhyudayārtho 'pi yaḥ pravṛtti-lakṣaṇo dharmo varṇān āśramāṃś coddiśya vihitaḥ sa devādi-sthāna-prāpti-hetur api san, īśvarārpaṇa-buddhyānuṣṭhīyamānaḥ sattva-śuddhaye bhavati phalābhisandhi-varjitaḥ | śuddha-sattvasya ca jñāna-niṣṭhāyogyatā-prāpti-dvāreṇa jñānotpatti-hetutvena ca niḥśreyasa-hetutvam api pratipadyate | tathā cemam evārtham abhisandhāya vakṣyati brahmaṇy ādhāya karmāṇi [Gītā 5.10], yoginaḥ karma kurvanti saṅgaṃ tyaktvātma-śuddhaye [Gītā 5.11] iti |
imaṃ dviprakāraṃ dharmaṃ niḥśreyasa-prayojanam | paramārtha-tattvaṃ ca vāsudevākhyaṃ para-brahmābhidheya-bhūtaṃ viśeṣataḥ abhivyañjayad viśiṣṭa-prayojana-sambandhābhidheyavad gītā-śāstram | yatas tad-artha-vijñānena samasta-puruṣārtha-siddhiḥ | ataḥ tad-vivaraṇe yatnaḥ kriyate mayā ||
BhG 1
dharma-kṣetre kuru-kṣetre samavetā yuyutsavaḥ |
māmakāḥ pāṇḍavāś caiva kim akurvata saṃjaya

saṃjaya uvāca
dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkaṃ vyūḍhaṃ duryodhanas tadā |
ācāryam upasaṃgamya rājā vacanam abravīt

paśyaitāṃ pāṇḍu-putrāṇām ācārya mahatīṃ camūm |
vyūḍhāṃ drupada-putreṇa tava śiṣyeṇa dhīmatā

atra śūrā maheṣvāsā bhīmārjuna-samā yudhi |
yuyudhāno virāṭaś ca drupadaś ca mahārathaḥ

dhṛṣṭaketuś cekitānaḥ kāśirājaś ca vīryavān |
purujit kuntibhojaś ca śaibyaś ca nara-puṃgavaḥ

yudhāmanyuś ca vikrānta uttamaujāś ca vīryavān |
saubhadro draupadeyāś ca sarva eva mahā-rathāḥ

asmākaṃ tu viśiṣṭā ye tān nibodha dvijottama |
nāyakā mama sainyasya saṃjñārthaṃ tān bravīmi te

bhavān bhīṣmaś ca karṇaś ca kṛpaś ca samitiṃjayaḥ |
aśvatthāmā vikarṇaś ca saumadattir jayadrathaḥ

anye ca bahavaḥ śūrā mad-arthe tyakta-jīvitāḥ |
nānā-śastra-praharaṇāḥ sarve yuddha-viśāradāḥ

aparyāptaṃ tad asmākaṃ balaṃ bhīṣmābhirakṣitam |
paryāptaṃ tv idam eteṣāṃ balaṃ bhīmābhirakṣitam

ayaneṣu ca sarveṣu yathā-bhāgam avasthitāḥ |
bhīṣmam evābhirakṣantu bhavantaḥ sarva eva hi

tasya saṃjanayan harṣaṃ kuru-vṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ |
siṃha-nādaṃ vinadyoccaiḥ śaṅkhaṃ dadhmau pratāpavān

tataḥ śaṅkhāś ca bheryaś ca paṇavānaka-gomukhāḥ |
sahasaivābhyahanyanta sa śabdas tumulo 'bhavat

tataḥ śvetair hayair yukte mahati syandane sthitau |
mādhavaḥ pāṇḍavaś caiva divyau śaṅkhau pradadhmatuḥ

pāñcajanyaṃ hṛṣīkeśo devadattaṃ dhanaṃjayaḥ |
pauṇḍraṃ dadhmau mahā-śaṅkhaṃ bhīma-karmā vṛkodaraḥ

ananta-vijayaṃ rājā kuntī-putro yudhiṣṭhiraḥ |
nakulaḥ sahadevaś ca sughoṣa-maṇipuṣpakau

kāśyaś ca parameṣvāsaḥ śikhaṇḍī ca mahā-rathaḥ |
dhṛṣṭadyumno virāṭaś ca sātyakiś cāparājitaḥ

drupado draupadeyāś ca sarvaśaḥ pṛthivī-pate |
saubhadraś ca mahābāhuḥ śaṅkhān dadhmuḥ pṛthak pṛthak

sa ghoṣo dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṃ hṛdayāni vyadārayat |
nabhaś ca pṛthivīṃ caiva tumulo vyanunādayan

atha vyavasthitān dṛṣṭvā dhārtarāṣṭrān kapi-dhvajaḥ |
pravṛtte śastra-saṃpāte dhanur udyamya pāṇḍavaḥ

hṛṣīkeśaṃ tadā vākyam idam āha mahī-pate |
senayor ubhayor madhye rathaṃ sthāpaya me 'cyuta

yāvad etān nirīkṣe 'haṃ yoddhu-kāmān avasthitān |
kair mayā saha yoddhavyam asmin raṇa-samudyame

yotsyamānān avekṣe 'haṃ ya ete 'tra samāgatāḥ |
dhārtarāṣṭrasya durbuddher yuddhe priya-cikīrṣavaḥ

evam ukto hṛṣīkeśo guḍākeśena bhārata |
senayor ubhayor madhye sthāpayitvā rathottamam

bhīṣma-droṇa-pramukhataḥ sarveṣāṃ ca mahīkṣitām |
uvāca pārtha paśyaitān samavetān kurūn iti

tatrāpaśyat sthitān pārthaḥ pitṝn atha pitāmahān |
ācāryān mātulān bhrātṝn putrān pautrān sakhīṃs tathā

śvaśurān suhṛdaś caiva senayor ubhayor api |
tān samīkṣya sa kaunteyaḥ sarvān bandhūn avasthitān

kṛpayā parayāviṣṭo viṣīdann idam abravīt |
dṛṣṭvemaṃ svajanaṃ kṛṣṇa yuyutsuṃ samupasthitam

sīdanti mama gātrāṇi mukhaṃ ca pariśuṣyati |
vepathuś ca śarīre me romaharṣaś ca jāyate

gāṇḍīvaṃ sraṃsate hastāt tvak caiva paridahyate |
na ca śaknomy avasthātuṃ bhramatīva ca me manaḥ

nimittāni ca paśyāmi viparītāni keśava |
na ca śreyo 'nupaśyāmi hatvā svajanam āhave

na kāṅkṣe vijayaṃ kṛṣṇa na ca rājyaṃ sukhāni ca |
kiṃ no rājyena govinda kiṃ bhogair jīvitena vā

yeṣām arthe kāṅkṣitaṃ no rājyaṃ bhogāḥ sukhāni ca |
ta ime 'vasthitā yuddhe prāṇāṃs tyaktvā dhanāni ca

ācāryāḥ pitaraḥ putrās tathaiva ca pitāmahāḥ |
mātulāḥ śvaśurāḥ pautrāḥ śyālāḥ saṃbandhinas tathā

etān na hantum icchāmi ghnato 'pi madhusūdana |
api trailokya-rājyasya hetoḥ kiṃ nu mahī-kṛte

nihatya dhārtarāṣṭrān naḥ kā prītiḥ syāj janārdana |
pāpam evāśrayed asmān hatvaitān ātatāyinaḥ

tasmān nārhā vayaṃ hantuṃ dhārtarāṣṭrān sva-bāndhavān |
svajanaṃ hi kathaṃ hatvā sukhinaḥ syāma mādhava

yady apy ete na paśyanti lobhopahata-cetasaḥ |
kula-kṣaya-kṛtaṃ doṣaṃ mitra-drohe ca pātakam

kathaṃ na jñeyam asmābhiḥ pāpād asmān nivartitum |
kula-kṣaya-kṛtaṃ doṣaṃ prapaśyadbhir janārdana

kula-kṣaye praṇaśyanti kula-dharmāḥ sanātanāḥ |
dharme naṣṭe kulaṃ kṛtsnam adharmo 'bhibhavaty uta

adharmābhibhavāt kṛṣṇa praduṣyanti kula-striyaḥ |
strīṣu duṣṭāsu vārṣṇeya jāyate varṇa-saṃkaraḥ

saṃkaro narakāyaiva kula-ghnānāṃ kulasya ca |
patanti pitaro hy eṣāṃ lupta-piṇḍodaka-kriyāḥ

doṣair etaiḥ kula-ghnānāṃ varṇa-saṃkara-kārakaiḥ |
utsādyante jāti-dharmāḥ kula-dharmāś ca śāśvatāḥ

utsanna-kula-dharmāṇāṃ manuṣyāṇāṃ janārdana |
narake niyataṃ vāso bhavatīty anuśuśruma

aho bata mahat pāpaṃ kartuṃ vyavasitā vayam |
yad rājya-sukha-lobhena hantuṃ svajanam udyatāḥ

yadi mām apratīkāram aśastraṃ śastra-pāṇayaḥ |
dhārtarāṣṭrā raṇe hanyus tan me kṣemataraṃ bhavet

evam uktvārjunaḥ saṃkhye rathopastha upāviśat |
visṛjya saśaraṃ cāpaṃ śoka-saṃvigna-mānasaḥ