Bhagavad Gita (with commentary) · Chapter 2

iti śaṅkarācārya-kṛte gītā-bhāṣye prathamo 'dhyāyaḥ
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BhG 2
dvitīyo 'dhyāyaḥ
saṃjaya uvāca
taṃ tathā kṛpayāviṣṭam aśrupūrṇākulekṣaṇam |
viṣīdantam idaṃ vākyam uvāca madhusūdanaḥ

kutas tvā kaśmalam idaṃ viṣame samupasthitam |
anārya-juṣṭam asvargyam akīrti-karam arjuna

klaibyaṃ mā sma gamaḥ pārtha naitat tvayy upapadyate |
kṣudraṃ hṛdaya-daurbalyaṃ tyaktvottiṣṭha paraṃtapa

kathaṃ bhīṣmam ahaṃ saṃkhye droṇaṃ ca madhusūdana |
iṣubhiḥ pratiyotsyāmi pūjārhāv arisūdana

gurūn ahatvā hi mahānubhāvāñ
śreyo bhoktuṃ bhaikṣyam apīha loke |
hatvārtha-kāmāṃs tu gurūn ihaiva
bhuñjīya bhogān rudhira-pradigdhān

na caitad vidmaḥ kataran no garīyo
yad vā jayema yadi vā no jayeyuḥ |
yān eva hatvā na jijīviṣāmas
te 'vasthitāḥ pramukhe dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ

kārpaṇya-doṣopahata-svabhāvaḥ
pṛcchāmi tvāṃ dharma-saṃmūḍha-cetāḥ |
yac chreyaḥ syān niścitaṃ brūhi tan me
śiṣyas te 'haṃ śādhi māṃ tvāṃ prapannam

na hi prapaśyāmi mamāpanudyād
yac chokam ucchoṣaṇam indriyāṇām |
avāpya bhūmāv asapatnam ṛddhaṃ
rājyaṃ surāṇām api cādhipatyam

saṃjaya uvāca
evam uktvā hṛṣīkeśaṃ guḍākeśaḥ parantapaḥ |
na yotsya iti govindam uktvā tūṣṇīṃ babhūva ha

tam uvāca hṛṣīkeśaḥ prahasann iva bhārata |
senayor ubhayor madhye viṣīdantam idaṃ vacaḥ

atra ca dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkam ity ārabhya yāvat na yotsya iti govindam uktvā tūṣṇīṃ babhūva ha ity etad-antaḥ prāṇināṃ śoka-mohādi-saṃsāra-bīja-bhūta-doṣodbhava-kāraṇa-pradarśanārthatvena vyākhyeyo granthaḥ | tathā hi -- arjunena rājya-guru-putra-mitra-suhṛt-svajana-saṃbandhi-bāndhaveṣu aham eteṣām mamaite ity evaṃ bhrānti-pratyaya-nimitta-sneha-vicchedādi-nimittau ātmanaḥ śoka-mohau pradarśitau | kathaṃ bhīṣmam ahaṃ saṃkhye ity ādinā | śoka-mohābhyāṃ hy abhibhūta-viveka-vijñānaḥ svata eva kṣatra-dharme yuddhe pravṛtto 'pi tasmād yuddhād upararāma | para-dharmaṃ ca bhikṣā-jīvanādikaṃ kartuṃ pravavṛte | tathā ca sarva-prāṇināṃ śoka-mohādi-doṣāviṣṭa-cetasāṃ svabhāvata eva svadharma-parityāgaḥ pratiṣiddha-sevā ca syāt | sva-dharme pravṛttānām
api teṣāṃ vāṅ-manaḥ-kāyādīnāṃ pravṛttiḥ phalābhisaṃdhi-pūrvikaiva sāhaṃkārā ca bhavati | tatraivaṃ sati dharmādharmopacayād iṣṭāniṣṭa-janma-sukha-duḥkhādi-prāpti-lakṣaṇaḥ saṃsāro 'nuparato bhavati | ity ataḥ saṃsāra-bīja-bhūtau śoka-mohau | tayoś ca sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-pūrvakād ātma-jñānāt nānyato nivṛttir iti tad-upadidikṣuḥ sarva-lokānugrahārtham arjunaṃ nimittīkṛtya āha bhagavān vāsudevaḥ--- aśocyān ityādi |
atra kecid āhuḥ-sarva-karma-saṃnyāsa-pūrvakād ātma-jñāna-niṣṭhā-mātrād eva kevalāt kaivalyaṃ na prāpyata eva | kiṃ tarhi ? agnihotrādi-śrauta-smārta-karma-sahitāt jñānāt kaivalya-prāptir iti sarvāsu gītāsu niścito 'rtha iti | jñāpakaṃ cāhur asyārthasya --
atha cet tvam imaṃ dharmyaṃ saṃgrāmaṃ na kariṣyasi [Gītā 2.33] karmaṇy evādhikāras te [Gītā 2.47], kuru karmaiva tasmāt tvam [Gītā 4.15] ity ādi | hiṃsādi-yuktatvāt vaidikaṃ karma adharmāya itīyam apy āśaṅkā na kāryā | katham ? kṣātraṃ karma yuddha-lakṣaṇaṃ guru-bhrātṛ-putrādi-hiṃsā-lakṣaṇam atyantaṃ krūram api sva-dharma iti kṛtvā nādharmāya | tad-akaraṇe ca tataḥ sva-dharmaṃ kīrtiṃ ca hitvā pāpam avāpsyasi [Gītā 2.33] iti bruvatā yāvaj jīvādi-śruti-coditānāṃ paśv-ādi-hiṃsā-lakṣaṇānāṃ ca karmaṇāṃ prāg eva nādharmatvam iti suniścitam uktaṃ bhavati -- iti |
tad asat | jñāna-karma-niṣṭhayor vibhāga-vacanād buddhi-dvayāśrayayoḥ | aśocyān ity ādinā bhagavatā yāvat svadharmam api cāvekṣya ity etad-antena granthena yat-paramārthātma-tattva-nirūpaṇaṃ kṛtam, tat sāṃkhyam | tad-viṣayā buddhir ātmano janmādi-ṣaḍ-vikriyābhāvād akartā ātmeti prakaraṇārtha-nirūpaṇād yā jāyate, sā sāṃkhya-buddhiḥ | sā yeṣāṃ jñāninām ucitā bhavati, te sāṃkhyāḥ | etasyā buddher janmanaḥ prāk ātmano dehādivyatiriktatvakartṛtvabhoktṛtvabhoktṛtvādyapekṣo dharmādharma-viveka-pūrvako mokṣa-sādhanānuṣṭhāna-lakṣaṇo yogaḥ | tad-viṣayā buddhiḥ yoga-buddhiḥ | sā yeṣāṃ karmiṇām ucitā bhavati te yoginaḥ | tathā ca bhagavatā vibhakte dve buddhī nirdiṣṭe eṣā te 'bhihitā sāṃkhye buddhir yoge tv imāṃ śṛṇu iti | tayoś
ca sāṃkhya-buddhy-āśrayāṃ jñāna-yogena niṣṭhāṃ sāṃkhyānāṃ vibhaktāṃ vakṣyati purā vedātmanā mayā proktā iti | tathā ca yoga-buddhy-āśrayāṃ karma-yogena niṣṭhāṃ vibhaktāṃ vakṣyati - karma-yogena yoginām iti | evaṃ sāṃkhya-buddhiṃ yoga-buddhiṃ ca āśritya dve niṣṭhe vibhakte bhagavataiva ukte jñāna-karmaṇoḥ kartṛtvākartṛtvaikatvānekatva-buddhy-āśrayayoḥ yugapad-eka-puruṣāśrayatvāsaṃbhavaṃ paśyatā | yathā etad-vibhāga-vacanam tathaiva darśitaṃ śātapathīye brāhmaṇe - etam eva pravrājino lokam icchanto brāhmaṇāḥ pravrajanti [BAU 4.4.22] iti sarva-karma-saṃnyāsaṃ vidhāya tac-cheṣeṇa kiṃ prajayā kariṣyāmo yeṣāṃ no 'yam ātmāyaṃ lokaḥ [BAU 4.4.22] iti | tatraiva ca prāg dāra-parigrahāt puruṣa ātmo prākṛto dharma-jijñāsottara-kālaṃ
loka-traya-sādhanam | putraṃ, dvi-prakāraṃ ca vittaṃ mānuṣaṃ dvi-prakāraṃ ca | tatra mānuṣaṃ karma-rūpaṃ pitṛ-loka-prāpti-sādhanaṃ vidyāṃ ca daivaṃ vittaṃ deva-loka-prāpti-sādhanam | so 'kāmayata [BAU 1.4.17] iti avidyā-kāmavata eva sarvāṇi karmāṇi śrautādīni darśitāni | tebhyo vyutthāya, pravrajanti [BAU 4.4.22] iti vyutthānam ātmānam eva lokam icchato 'kāmasya vihitam | tad etad vibhāga-vacanam anupapannaṃ syād yadi śrauta-karma-jñānayoḥ samuccayo 'bhipretaḥ syād bhagavataḥ |
na cārjunasya praśna upapanno bhavati jyāyasī cet karmaṇas te [Gītā 3.1] ity ādiḥ | eka-puruṣānuṣṭheyatvāsaṃbhavaṃ buddhi-karmaṇoḥ bhagavatā pūrvam anuktaṃ katham arjuno 'śrutaṃ buddhā ca karmaṇo jyāyastvaṃ bhagavaty adhyāropayen mṛṣaiva jyāyasī cet karmaṇas te matā buddhiḥ iti |
kiṃ ca -- yadi buddhi-karmaṇoḥ sarveṣāṃ samuccaya uktaḥ syāt arjunasyāpi sa ukta eveti, yac chrāya etayor ekaṃ tan me brūhi suniścitam iti katham ubhayor upadeśe sati anyatara-viṣaya eva praśnaḥ syāt ? na hi pitta-praśamanārthinaḥ vaidyena madhuraṃ śītalaṃ ca bhoktavyam ity upadiṣṭe tayor anyatarat-pitta-praśamana-kāraṇaṃ brūhi iti praśnaḥ saṃbhavati |
athārjunasya bhagavad-ukta-vacanārtha-vivekānavadhāraṇa-nimittaḥ praśnaḥ kalpyeta, tathāpi bhagavatā praśnānurūpaṃ prativacanaṃ deyam -- mayā buddhi-karmaṇoḥ samuccaya uktaḥ kim artham itthaṃ tvaṃ bhrānto 'si -- iti | na tu punaḥ prativacanam ananurūpaṃ pṛṣṭād anyad eva dve niṣṭhā mayā purā proktā iti vaktuṃ yuktam |
nāpi smārtenaiva karmaṇā buddheḥ samuccaye abhiprete vibhāga-vacanādi sarvam upapananam | kiṃ ca -- kṣatriyasya yuddhaṃ smārtaṃ karma sva-dharma iti jānataḥ tat kiṃ karmaṇi ghoro māṃ niyojayasi ity upālambho 'nupapannaḥ |
tasmād gītā-śāstre īṣan-mātreṇāpi śrautena smārtena vā karmaṇā ātma-jñānasya samuccayo na kenacid darśayituṃ śakyaḥ | yasya tv ajñānāt rāgādi-doṣato vā karmaṇi pravṛttasya yajñena dānena tapasā vā viśuddha-sattvasya jñānam utpannaṃ paramārtha-tattva-viṣayam ekam evedaṃ sarvaṃ brahma akartṛ ca iti, tasya karmaṇi karma-prayojane ca nivṛtte 'pi loka-saṃgrahārthaṃ yatna-pūrvaṃ yathā pravṛttiḥ, tathaiva pravṛttasya yat pravṛtti-rūpaṃ dṛśyate na tat karma yena buddheḥ samuccayaḥ syāt | yathā bhagavato vāsudevasya kṣatra-dharma-ceṣṭitaṃ na jñānena samuccīyate puruṣārtha-siddhaye, tadvat tat-phalābhisaṃdhy-ahaṃkārābhāvasya tulyatvād viduṣaḥ | tattvavin nāhaṃ karomīti manyate, na ca tat-phalam abhisandhatte | yathā ca svargādi-kāmārthino 'gnihotrādi-karma-lakṣaṇa-dharmānuṣṭhānāya

āhitāgneḥ kāmye eva agnihotrādau pravṛttasya sāmi kṛte vinaṣṭā 'pi kāme tad eva agnihotrādy-anutiṣṭhato 'pi na tat-kāmyam agnihotrādi bhavati | tathā ca darśayati bhagavān - kurvann api na lipyate na karoti na lipyate iti tatra tatra ||
yac ca pūrvaiḥ pūrvataraṃ kṛtam karmaṇaiva hi saṃsiddhim āsthitā janakādayaḥ iti, tat tu pravibhajya vijñeyam | tat katham ? yadi tāvat pūrve janakādayaḥ tattva-vido 'pi pravṛtta-karmāṇaḥ syuḥ, te loka-saṃgrahārtham guṇā guṇeṣu vartante iti jñānenaiva saṃsiddhim āsthitāḥ, karma-saṃnyāse prāpte 'pi karmaṇā sahaiva saṃsiddhim āsthitāḥ, na karma-saṃnyāsaṃ kṛtavanta ity arthaḥ |
atha na te tattva-vidaḥ | īśvara-samarpitena karmaṇā sādhana-bhūtena saṃsiddhiṃ sattva-śuddhim, jñānotpatti-lakṣaṇāṃ vā saṃsiddhim, āsthitā janakādaya iti vyākhyeyam | etam evārthaṃ vakṣyati bhagavān sattva-śuddhaye karma kurvanti iti | sva-karmaṇā tam abhyarcya siddhiṃ vindati mānavaḥ ity uktvā siddhiṃ prāptasya punar-jñāna-niṣṭhāṃ vakṣyati -- siddhiṃ prāpto yathā brahma ity ādinā ||
tasmād gītā-śāstre kevalād eva tattva-jñānān mokṣa-prāptiḥ na karma-samuccitāt iti niścito 'rthaḥ | yathā cāyam arthaḥ, tathā prakaraṇaśo vibhajya tatra tatra darśayiṣyāmaḥ ||
tatraiva dharma-saṃmūḍha-cetaso mithyā-jñānavato mahati śoka-sāgare nimagnasya arjunasya anyatrātma-jñānād uddharaṇam apaśyan bhagavān vāsudevaḥ tataḥ kṛpayā arjunam uddidhārayiṣuḥ ātma-jñānāyāvatārayann āha -
śrī-bhagavān uvāca
aśocyān anvaśocas tvaṃ prajñā-vādāṃś ca bhāṣase |
gatāsūn agatāsūṃś ca nānuśocanti paṇḍitāḥ

na śocyā aśocyāḥ bhīṣma-droṇādayaḥ | sad-vṛttatvāt paramārtha-svarūpeṇa ca nityatvāt, tān aśocyān anvaśoco 'nuśocitavān asi te mriyante man-nimittam, ahaṃ tair vinābhūtaḥ kiṃ kariṣyāmi rājya-sukhādinā iti | tvaṃ prajñā-vādān prajñāvatāṃ buddhimatāṃ vādāṃś ca vacanāni ca bhāṣase | tad etat mauḍhyaṃ pāṇḍityaṃ ca viruddham ātmani darśayasi unmatta iva ity abhiprāyaḥ | yasmāt gatāsūn gata-prāṇān mṛtān, agatāsūn agata-prāṇān jīvataś ca
nānuśocanti paṇḍitāḥ ātmajñāḥ | paṇḍā ātma-viṣayā buddhir yeṣāṃ te hi paṇḍitāḥ, pāṇḍityaṃ nirvidya [BAU 3.5.1] iti śruteḥ | paramārthatas tu tān nityān aśocyān anuśocasi, ato mūḍho 'si ity abhiprāyaḥ

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kutas te aśocyāḥ ? yato nityāḥ | katham ?
na tv evāhaṃ jātu nāsaṃ na tvaṃ neme janādhipāḥ |
na caiva na bhaviṣyāmaḥ sarve vayam ataḥ param

na tv eva jātu kadācid ahaṃ nāsam kintv āsam eva | atīteṣu dehotpatti-vināśeṣu ghaṭādiṣu viyad iva nitya eva aham āsam ity abhiprāyaḥ | tathā na tvaṃ nāsīḥ, kintv āsīr eva | tathā neme janādhipā āsan kintv āsann eva | tathā na caiva na bhaviṣyāmaḥ, kintu bhaviṣyāma eva, sarve vayam ato 'smād deha-vināśāt param uttara-kāle 'pi | triṣv api kāleṣu nityā ātma-svarūpeṇa ity arthaḥ | dehābhedānuvṛttyā bahu-vacanam, nātma-bhedābhiprāyeṇa

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tatra katham iva nitya ātmeti dṛṣṭāntam āha -
dehino 'smin yathā dehe kaumāraṃ yauvanaṃ jarā |
tathā dehāntara-prāptir dhīras tatra na muhyati

deho 'sya astīti dehī, tasya dehino dehavataḥ ātmano 'smin vartamāne dehā yathā yena prakāreṇa kaumāraṃ kumāra-bhāvo bālyāvasthā, yauvanaṃ yūno bhāvo madhyamāvasthā, jarā vayo-hāniḥ jīrṇāvasthā, ity etāḥ tisro 'vasthāḥ anyonya-vilakṣaṇāḥ | tāsāṃ prathamāvasthā-nāśe na nāśaḥ, dvitīyāvasthopajane na upajana ātmanaḥ | kiṃ tarhi ?avikriyasyaiva dvitīya-tṛtīyāvasthā-prāptiḥ ātmano dṛṣṭā | tathā tadvad eva dehād anyo deho dehāntaram, tasya prāptiḥ dehāntara-prāptiḥ avikriyasyaiva ātmana ity arthaḥ | dhīro dhīmān tatraivaṃ sati na muhyati na moham āpadyate

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yadyapy ātma-vināśa-nimitto moho na saṃbhavati nitya ātmā iti vijānataḥ, tathāpi śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkha-prāpti-nimitto moho laukiko dṛśyate, sukha-viyoga-nimitto moho duḥkha-saṃyoga-nimitta ca śokaḥ | ity etad arjunasya vacanam āśaṅkaya bhagavān āha -
mātrā-sparśās tu kaunteya śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkhadāḥ |
āgamāpāyino 'nityās tāṃs titikṣasva bhārata

mātrā ābhiḥ mīyante śabdādaya iti śrotrādīni indriyāṇi | mātrāṇāṃ sparśāḥ śabdādibhiḥ saṃyogāḥ | te śītoṣṇasukha-duḥkha-dāḥ śītam uṣṇaṃ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ ca prayacchantīti | athavā spṛśyanta iti sparśā viṣayāḥ śabdādayaḥ | mātrāś ca sparśāś ca śītoṣṇa-sukha-duḥkha-dāḥ | śītaṃ kadācit sukhaṃ kadācit duḥkham | tathā uṣṇam api aniyata-svarūpam | sukha-duḥkhe punaḥ niyata-rūpe yato na vyabhicarataḥ | atas tābhyāṃ pṛthak śītoṣṇayoḥ grahaṇam | yasmāt te mātrā-sparśādayaḥ āgamāpāyinaḥ āgamāpāyaśīlāḥ tasmāt anityāḥ | ataḥ tān śītoṣṇādīn titikṣasva prasahasva | teṣu harṣaṃ viṣādaṃ vā mā kārṣīḥ ity arthaḥ

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śītoṣṇādīn sahataḥ kiṃ syād iti śṛṇu ---
yaṃ hi na vyathayanty ete puruṣaṃ puruṣarṣabha |
sama-duḥkha-sukhaṃ dhīraṃ so 'mṛtatvāya kalpate

yaṃ hi puruṣaṃ same duḥkha-sukhe yasya taṃ sama-duḥkha-sukhaṃ sukha-duḥkha-prāptau harṣa-viṣāda-rahitaṃ dhīraṃ dhīmantaṃ na vyathayanti na cālayanti nityātma-darśanāt ete yathoktāḥ śītoṣṇādayaḥ, sa nityātma-svarūpa-darśa-niṣṭho dvandva-sahiṣṇuḥ amṛtatvāya amṛta-bhāvāya mokṣāyety arthaḥ kalpate samartho bhavati

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itaś ca śoka-mohau akṛtvā śītoṣṇādi-sahanaṃ yuktam, yasmāt ---
nāsato vidyate bhāvo nābhāvo vidyate sataḥ |
ubhayor api dṛṣṭo 'ntas tv anayos tattva-darśibhiḥ

na asato 'vidyamānasya śītoṣṇādeḥ sa-kāraṇasya na vidyate nāsti bhāvo bhavanam astitā ||
na hi śītoṣṇādi sa-kāraṇaṃ pramāṇair nirūpyamāṇaṃ vastu sambhavati | vikāro hi saḥ, vikāraś ca vyabhicarati | yathā ghaṭādi-saṃsthānaṃ cakṣuṣā nirūpyamāṇaṃ mṛd-vyatirekeṇānupalabdher asat | tathā sarvo vikāraḥ kāraṇa-vyatirekeṇānupalabdher asat | janma-pradhvaṃsābhyāṃ prāg ūrdhvaṃ cānupalabdheḥ | kāryasya ghaṭādeḥ mṛd-ādi-kāraṇasya ca tat-kāraṇa-vyatirekeṇānupalabdher asattvam ||
tad-asattve sarvābhāva-prasaṅga iti cet, na | sarvatra buddhi-dvayopalabdheḥ, sad-buddhir asad-buddhir iti | yad-viṣayā buddhir na vyabhicarati, tat sat | yad-viṣayā vyabhicarati, tad asat | iti sad-asad-vibhāge buddhi-tantre sthite | sarvatra dve buddhī sarvair upalabhyete samānādhikaraṇe na nīlotpalavat, san ghaṭaḥ san paṭaḥ, san hastī iti | evaṃ sarvatra | tayor buddhyoḥ ghaṭādi-buddhir vyabhicarati | tathā ca darśitam | na tu sad-buddhiḥ | tasmāt ghaṭādi-buddhi-viṣayo 'san, vyabhicārāt | na tu sad-buddhi-viṣayaḥ, avyabhicārāt ||
ghaṭe vinaṣṭe ghaṭa-buddhau vyabhicarantyāṃ sad-buddhir api vyabhicaratīti cet na | paṭād evapi sad-buddhi-darśanāt | viśeṣaṇa-viṣayaiva sā sad-buddhiḥ |
sad-buddhivat ghaṭa-buddhir api ghaṭāntarā dṛśyata iti cet, na | paṭādau adarśanāt ||
sad-buddhir api naṣṭe ghaṭe na dṛśyata iti cet, na | viśeṣyābhāvāt | sad-buddhir viśeṣaṇa-viṣayā satī viśeṣyābhāve viśeṣaṇānupapattau kiṃ-viṣayā syāt ? na tu punaḥ sad-buddheḥ viṣayābhāvāt ||
ekādhikaraṇatvaṃ ghaṭādi-viśeṣyābhāve na yuktam iti cet, na | idam udakam iti marīcy-ādau anyatarābhāve 'pi sāmānādhikaraṇya-darśanāt ||
tasmād dehāder dvandvasya ca sa-kāraṇasya asato na vidyate bhāva iti | tathā sataś ca ātmano 'bhāvo 'vidyamānatā na vidyate, sarvatrāvyabhicārāt ity avocāma ||
evam ātmānātmanoḥ sad-asatoḥ ubhayor api dṛṣṭaḥ upalabdho 'nto nirṇayaḥ sat sad eva, asat asad eveti, tv anayoḥ yathoktayoḥ tattva-darśibhiḥ | tad iti sarva-nāma sarvaṃ ca brahma, tasya nāma tad iti, tad-bhāvas tattvam, brahmaṇo yāthātmyam | tad draṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te tattva-darśinaḥ, tais tattva-darśibhiḥ | tvam api tattva-darśināṃ dṛṣṭim āśritya śokaṃ mohaṃ ca hitvā śītoṣṇādīni niyatāniyata-rūpāṇi dvandvāni vikāro 'yam asann eva marīci-jalavan mithyāvabhāsate iti manasi niścitya titikṣasva ity abhiprāyaḥ

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kiṃ punas tat yat sad eva sarvadaiva astīti | ucyate ---
avināśi tu tad viddhi yena sarvam idaṃ tatam |
vināśam avyayasyāsya na kaścit kartum arhati

avināśi na vinaṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yasyeti | tu-śabdo 'sato viśeṣaṇārthaḥ | tat viddhi vijānīhi | kim ? yena sarvam idaṃ jagat tataṃ vyāptaṃ sad-ākhyena brahmaṇā sākāśam, ākāśenaiva ghaṭādayaḥ | vināśam adarśanam abhāvam | avyayasya na vyeti upacayāpacayau na yāti iti avyayaṃ tasya avyayasya | naitat sadākhyaṃ brahma svena rūpeṇa vyeti vyabhicarati, niravayavatvāt, dehādivat | nāpy ātmīyena, ātmīyābhāvāt | yathā devadatto dhana-hānyā vyeti, na tu evaṃ brahma vyeti | ato 'vyayasya asya brahmaṇaḥ vināśaṃ na kaścit kartum arhati, na kaścit atmānaṃ vināśayituṃ śaknoti īśvaro 'pi | ātmā hi brahma, svātmani ca kriyāvirodhāt

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kiṃ punas tad asat yat svātma-sattāṃ vyabhicaratīti, ucyate -
antavanta ime dehā nityasyoktāḥ śarīriṇaḥ |
anāśino 'prameyasya tasmād yudhyasva bhārata

antaḥ vināśaḥ vidyate yeṣāṃ te antavantaḥ | yathā mṛgatṛṣṇikādau sad-buddhiḥ anuvṛttā pramāṇanirūpaṇānte vicchidyate, sa tasya antaḥ | tathā ime dehāḥ svapnamāyādehādivaca antavantaḥ nityasya śarīriṇaḥ śarīravato 'nāśino 'prameyarya ātmano 'ntavanta iti uktāḥ vivekibhirity arthaḥ | nityasya anāśinaḥ iti na punaruktam | nityatvasya dvividhatvāt lokā, nāśasya ca | yathā deho bhasmībhūto 'darśanaṃ gato naṣṭa ucyate | vidyamāno 'pi yathā anyathā pariṇato vyādhyādi-yukto jāto naṣṭa ucyate | tatra nityasya ṭh anāśinaḥ iti dvividhenāpi nāśena asaṃbandho 'syety arthaḥ | anyathā pṛthivyādivad api nityatvaṃ syāt ātmanaḥ | tat mā bhūditi nityasya anāśinaḥ ityāha | aprameyamya na prameyasya pratyakṣādi-pramāṇaiḥ aparicchādyasyety arthaḥ ||
nanu āgamena ātmā paricchidyate, pratyakṣādinā ca pūrvam | na | ātmanaḥ svataḥsiddhatvāt | sirā hi ātmani pramātari pramitsoḥ pramāṇānveṣaṇā bhavati | na hi pūrvam itthamaham iti ātmānamapramāya pa cāt prameyaparicchādāya pravartate | na hi ātmā nāma kasyacit aprasiddho bhavati | śāstraṃ tu antyaṃ pramāṇam atad-dharmādhyāropaṇa-mātra-nivartakatvena pramāṇatvam ātmanaḥ pratipadyate, na hy ajñātārthajñāpakatvena | tathā ca śrutiḥ --- yat sākṣād aparokṣād brahma ya ātmā sarvāntaraḥ [BAU 3.4.1] iti | yasmād evaṃ nityo 'vikriyaś cātmā tasmād yudhyasva, yuddhād uparamaṃ mā kārṣīḥ ity arthaḥ |
na hy atra yuddha-kartavyatā vidhīyate, yuddhe pravṛtta eva hi asau śoka-moha-pratibaddhaḥ tūṣṇīm āste | ataḥ tasya pratibandhāpanayana-mātraṃ bhagavatā kriyate | tasmād yudhyasva iti anuvāda-mātram, na vidhiḥ

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śoka-mohādi-saṃsāra-kāraṇa-nivṛtty-arthaṃ gītā-śāstram, na pravartakam ity etasyārthasya sākṣi-bhūte ṛcau ānināya bhagavān | yat tu manyase yuddhā bhīṣmādayo mayā hanyante aham eva teṣāṃ hantā iti, eṣā buddhir mṛṣaiva te | katham ?
ya enaṃ vetti hantāraṃ yaś cainaṃ manyate hatam |
ubhau tau na vijānīto nāyaṃ hanti na hanyate

ya enaṃ prakṛtaṃ dehinaṃ vetti vijānāti hantāraṃ hanana-kriyāyāḥ kartāraṃ ya ca enam anyo manyate hataṃ deha-hananena hato 'ham iti hanana-kriyāyāḥ karma-bhūtam | tau ubhau na vijānītaḥ na jñātavantau avivekena ātmānam | hantā ahaṃ, hato 'smy aham iti deha-hananena ātmānam ahaṃ pratyaya-viṣayaṃ yau vijānītaḥ tau ātma-svarūpānabhijñau ity arthaḥ | yasmāt na ayam atmā hanti na hanana-kriyāyāḥ kartā bhavati, na ca hanyate na ca karma bhavatīty arthaḥ, avikriyatvāt

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katham avikriya ātmeti dvitīyo mantraḥ --
na jāyate mriyate vā kadācin
nāyaṃ bhūtvā bhavitā vā na bhūyaḥ |
ajo nityaḥ śāśvato 'yaṃ purāṇo
na hanyate hanyamāne śarīre

na jāyate notpadyate, jani-lakṣaṇā vastu-vikriyā na ātmano vidyate ity arthaḥ | tathā na mriyate vā | vā-śabdaḥ cārthe | na mriyate ca iti antyā vināśa-lakṣaṇā vikriyā pratiṣidhyate | kadācic chabdaḥ sarva-vikriyā-pratiṣedhaiḥ saṃbadhyate -- na kadācit jāyate, na kadācit mriyate, ity evam | yasmāt ayam ātmā bhūtvā bhavana-kriyām anubhūya paścāt abhavitā abhāvaṃ gantā na bhūyaḥ punaḥ, tasmāt na mriyate | yo hi bhūtvā na bhavitā sa mriyata ity ucyate lokā | vā-śabdāt na-śabdāc ca ayam ātmā abhūtvā vā bhavitā dehavat na bhūyaḥ | tasmāt na jāyate | yo hi abhūtvā bhavitā sa jāyata ity ucyate | naivam ātmā | ato na jāyate | yasmād evaṃ tasmāt ajaḥ, yasmāt na mriyate tasmāt nityaś ca |
yadyapi ādy-antayor vikriyayoḥ pratiṣedhe sarvā vikriyāḥ pratiṣiddhā bhavanti, tathāpi madhya-bhāvinīnāṃ vikriyāṇāṃ sva-śabdair eva pratiṣedhaḥ kartavyo 'nuktānām api yauvanādi-samasta-vikriyāṇāṃ pratiṣedho yathā syāt ity āha-- śāśvata ity ādinā | śāśvata iti apakṣaya-lakṣaṇā vikriyā pratiṣidhyate | śaśvad-bhavaḥ śāśvataḥ | na apakṣīyate svarūpeṇa, niravayavatvāt | nāpi guṇa-kṣayeṇa apakṣayaḥ, nirguṇatvāt | apakṣaya-viparītāpi vṛddhi-lakṣaṇā vikriyā pratiṣidhyate --- purāṇa iti | yo hi avayavāgamena upacīyate sa vardhate abhinava iti ca ucyate | ayaṃ tu ātmā niravayavatvāt purāpi nava eveti purāṇaḥ na vardhate ity arthaḥ | tathā na hanyate | hantiḥ atra vipariṇāmārthe draṣṭavyo 'punaruktatāyai | na vipariṇamyate ity arthaḥ |
hanyamāne vipariṇamyamāne 'pi śarīrāḥ | asmin mantre ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikārā laukika-vastu-vikriyā ātmani pratiṣidhyante | sarva-prakāra-vikriyā-rahita ātmā iti vākyārthaḥ | yasmād evaṃ tasmāt ubhau tau na vijānītaḥ iti pūrveṇa mantreṇa asya saṃbandhaḥ

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ya enaṃ vetti hantāram ityanena mantreṇa hanana-kriyāyāḥ kartā karma ca na bhavati iti pratijñāya, na jāyate ity anena avikriyatvaṃ hetum uktvā pratijñātārtham upasaṃharati--
vedāvināśinaṃ nityaṃ ya enam ajam avyayam |
kathaṃ sa puruṣaḥ pārtha kaṃ ghātayati hanti kam

veda vijānāti avināśinam antya-bhāva-vikāra-rahitaṃ nityaṃ vipariṇāma-rahitaṃ yo veda iti saṃbandhaḥ | enaṃ pūrveṇa matreṇokta-lakṣaṇam ajaṃ janma-rahitam avyayam apakṣaya-rahitaṃ kathaṃ kena prakāreṇa sa vidvān puruṣo 'dhikṛtaḥ hanti hanana-kriyāṃ karoti, kathaṃ vā ghātayati hantāraṃ prayojayati | na kathaṃcit kaṃcit hanti, na kathaṃcit kaṃcit ghātayati iti ubhayatra ākṣepaḥ evārthaḥ praśnārthāsaṃbhavāt | hetv-arthasya ca avikriyatvasya tulyatvāt viduṣaḥ sarva-karma-pratiṣedha eva prakaraṇārtho 'bhipreto bhagavatā | hantes tu ākṣepaḥ udāharaṇārthatvena kathitaḥ | viduṣaḥ kaṃ karmāsaṃbhave hetu-viśeṣaṃ paśyan karmāṇy ākṣipati bhagavān kathaṃ sa puruṣaḥ iti |
nanu ukta evātmano 'vikriyatvaṃ sarva-karmāsaṃbhava-kāraṇa-viśeṣaḥ | satyam uktaḥ | na tu sa kāraṇa-viśeṣaḥ, anyatvāt viduṣo 'vikriyād ātmanaḥ | na hi avikriyaṃ sthāṇuṃ viditavataḥ karma na saṃbhavati iti cet, na | viduṣaḥ ātmatvāt | na dehādi-saṃghātasya vidvattā | ataḥ pāriśeṣyāt asaṃhata ātmā vidvān avikriyaḥ iti tasya viduṣaḥ karmāsaṃbhavāt ākṣepo yuktaḥ kathaṃ sa puruṣaḥ iti | yathā buddhyādy āhṛtasya śabdādy-arthasya avikriya eva san buddhi-vṛtty-aviveka-vijñānena avidyayā upalabdhā ātmā kalpyate, evam eva ātmānātma-viveka-jñānena buddhi-vṛttyā vidyā asatya-rūpayaiva paramārthato 'vikriya eva ātmā vidvān ucyate | viduṣaḥ karmāsaṃbhava-vacanāt yāni karmāṇi śāstreṇa vidhīyante tāni aviduṣo vihitāni iti bhagavato niścayo 'vagamyate ||
nanu vidyāpi aviduṣa eva vidhīyate, vidita-vidyasya piṣṭa-peṣaṇavat vidyā-vidhānānarthakyāt | tatra aviduṣaḥ karmāṇi vidhīyante na viduṣaḥ iti viśeṣo nopapadyate iti cet, na | anuṣṭheyasya bhāvābhāva-viśeṣopapatteḥ | agnihotrādi-vidhy-artha-jñānottara-kālam agnihotrādi-karma aneka-sādhanopasaṃhāra-pūrvakam anuṣṭheyaṃ kartā aham, mama kartavyam ity evaṃ prakāra-vijñānavato 'viduṣaḥ yathā anuṣṭheyaṃ bhavati, na tu tathā na jāyate ity ādy ātma-svarupa-vidhy-artha-jñānottara-kāla-bhāvi kiṃcid anuṣṭheyaṃ bhavati | kintu nāhaṃ kartā, nāhaṃ bhoktā ity ādy ātmaikatvākartṛtvādi-viṣaya-jñānāt nānyad utpadyate iti eṣa viśeṣa upapadyate | yaḥ punaḥ kartā aham iti vetti ātmānam, tasya mama idaṃ kartavyam iti avaśyaṃbhāvinī buddhiḥ syāt | tad-apekṣayā so 'dhikriyate
iti taṃ prati karmāṇi saṃbhavanti | sa ca avidvān ubhau tau na vijānītaḥ iti vacanāt viśeṣitasya ca viduṣaḥ karmākṣepa-vacanāt kathaṃ sa puruṣaḥ iti |
tasmāt viśeṣitasya avikriyātma-darśinaḥ viduṣaḥ mumukṣo ca sarva-karma-saṃnyāse eva adhikāraḥ | ata eva bhagavān nārāyaṇaḥ sāṃkhyān viduṣo 'viduṣa ca karmiṇaḥ pravibhajya dve niṣṭhe grāhayati-jñāna-yogena sāṃkhyānāṃ karma-yogena yoginām iti | tathā ca putrāya āha bhagavān vyāsaḥ - dvāv imāv atha panthānau [MahāŚā 241.6] ity ādi | tathā ca kriyā-pathaś caiva purastāt paścāt saṃnyāsaś ca iti | etam eva vibhāgaṃ punaḥ punar darśayiṣyati bhagavān --- atattvavit ahaṃkāra-vimūḍhātmā kartāham iti manyate, tattvavit tu, nāhaṃ karomi iti | tathā ca sarva-karmāṇi manasā saṃnyasyāste ityādi ||
tatra kecit paṇḍitaṃ-manyā vadanti --- janmādi-ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikriyā-rahito 'vikriyo 'kartā eko 'ham ātmā iti na kasyacit jñānam utpadyate, yasmin sati sarva-karma-saṃnyāsaḥ upadiśyate iti | tan na | na jāyate ityādi śāstropadeśānarthakya-prasaṅgāt | yathā ca śāstropadeśa-sāmarthyāt dharmādharmāstitva-vijñānaṃ kartuś ca dehāntara-saṃbandha-vijñānam utpadyate, tathā śāstrāt tasyaiva ātmano 'vikriyatvākartṛtvaikatvādi-vijñānaṃ kasmāt notpadyate iti praṣṭavyāḥ te | karaṇāgocaratvāt iti cet, na | manasaivānudraṣṭavyam [BAU 4.4.19] iti śruteḥ | śāstrācāryopadeśa-śama-damādi-saṃskṛtaṃ mana ātma-darśane karaṇam | tathā ca tad adhigamāya anumāne āgame ca sati jñānaṃ notpadyata iti sāhasa-mātram etat | jñānaṃ ca utpadyamānaṃ tad-viparītam ajñānam avaśyaṃ bādhate ity abhyupagantavyam
| tac ca ajñānaṃ darśitam hantā aham, hato 'smi iti ubhau tau na vijānīta iti | atra ca ātmanaḥ hanana-kriyāyāḥ kartṛtvaṃ karmatvaṃ hetu-kartṛtvaṃ ca ajñāna-kṛtaṃ darśitam | tac ca sarva-kriyāsv api samānaṃ kartṛtvādeḥ avidyā-kṛtatvam avikriyatvāt ātmanaḥ | vikriyāvān hi kartā ātmanaḥ karma-bhūtam anyaṃ prayojayati kuru iti |
tad etat aviśeṣeṇa viduṣaḥ sarva-kriyāsu kartṛtvaṃ hetu-kartṛtvaṃ ca pratiṣedhati bhagavān vāsudevo viduṣaḥ karmādhikārābhāva-pradarśanārthaṃ vedāvināśinaṃ, kathaṃ sa puruṣaḥ ity ādinā | kva punaḥ viduṣo 'dhikāra iti etad uktaṃ pūrvam eva jñāna-yogena sāṃkhyānām iti | tathā ca sarva-karma-saṃnyāsaṃ vakṣyati sarva-karmāṇi manasā ity ādinā ||
nanu manasā iti vacanāt na vācikānāṃ kāyikānā ca saṃnyāsaḥ iti cet, na | sarva-karmāṇi iti viśeṣitatvāt | mānasānām eva sarva-karmaṇām iti cet, na | mano-vyāpāra-pūrvakatvād vāk-kāya-vyāpārāṇāṃ mano-vyāpārābhāve tad-anupapatteḥ | śāstrīyāṇāṃ vāk-kāya-karmaṇāṃ kāraṇāni mānasāni karmāṇi varjayitvā anyāni sarva-karmāṇi manasā saṃnyasyed iti cet, na | naiva kurvan na kārayan iti viśeṣaṇāt | sarva-karma-saṃnyāso 'yaṃ bhagavatā uktaḥ mariṣyato na jīvata iti cet, na | nava-dvāre pure dehī āste iti viśeṇānupapatteḥ | na hi sarva-karma-saṃnyāsena mṛtasya tad-dehe āsanaṃ saṃbhavati |
akurvato 'kārayata ca dehe saṃnyasya iti saṃbandho na dehe āste iti cet, na | sarvatra ātmano 'vikriyatvāvadhāraṇāt | āsana-kriyāyāś cādhikaraṇāpekṣatvāt | tad-anapekṣatvāc ca saṃnyāsasya | saṃpūrvas tu nyāsa-śabdo 'tra tyāgārthaḥ, na nikṣepārthaḥ | tasmāt gītā-śāstre ātma-jñānavataḥ saṃnyāsa eva adhikāro na karmaṇīti tatra tatra upariṣṭāt ātma-jñāna-prakaraṇe darśayiṣyāmaḥ

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prakṛtaṃ tu vakṣyāmaḥ | tatra ātmano 'vināśitvaṃ pratijñātam | tat kim iveti, ucyate -
vāsāṃsi jīrṇāni yathā vihāya
navāni gṛhṇāti naro 'parāṇi |
tathā śarīrāṇi vihāya jīrṇāni
anyāni saṃyāti navāni dehī

vāsāṃsi vastrāṇi jīrṇāni durbalatāṃ gatāni yathā loke vihāya parityajya navāni abhinavāni gṛhṇāti upādatte naraḥ puruṣo 'parāṇi anyāni, tathā tadvad eva śarīrāṇi vihāya jīrṇāni anyāni saṃyāti saṃgacchati navāni dehī ātmā puruṣavat avikriya evety arthaḥ

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kasmāt avikriya eveti, āha ---
nainaṃ chindanti śastrāṇi nainaṃ dahati pāvakaḥ |
na cainaṃ kledayanty āpo na śoṣayati mārutaḥ

enaṃ prakṛtaṃ dehinaṃ na chindanti śastrāṇi, niravayavatvāt nāvayava-vibhāgaṃ kurvanti | śastrāṇi asy-ādīni | tathā nainaṃ dahati pāvakaḥ, agnir api na bhasmīkaroti | tathā na cainaṃ kledayanti āpaḥ | apāṃ hi sāvayavasya vastuna ādrībhāva-karaṇena avayava-viśleṣāpādane sāmarthyam | tan na niravayave ātmani saṃbhavati | tathā snehavat dravyaṃ sneha-śoṣaṇena nāśayati vāyuḥ | enaṃ tv ātmānaṃ na śoṣayati māruto 'pi

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yata evaṃ tasmāt --
acchedyo 'yam adāhyo 'yam akledyo 'śoṣya eva ca |
nityaḥ sarva-gataḥ sthāṇur acalo 'yaṃ sanātanaḥ

yasmāt anyonya-nāśa-hetu-bhūtāni enam ātmānaṃ nāśayituṃ notsahante asyādīni tasmāt nityaḥ | nityatvāt sarvagataḥ | sarva-gatatvāt sthāṇur iva, sthira ity etat | sthiratvāt acalo 'yam ātmā | ataḥ sanātanaś cirantanaḥ, na kāraṇāt kutaścin niṣpannaḥ, abhinava ity arthaḥ |
naiteṣāṃ lokānāṃ paunaruktyaṃ codanīyam, yataḥ ekenaiva lokān ātmanaḥ nityatvam avikriyatvaṃ coktam na jāyate mriyate vā ity ādinā | tatra yad eva ātma-viṣayaṃ kiṃcid ucyate, tad etasmāt lokārthān nātiricyate | kiṃcic chabdataḥ punaruktam, kiṃcid arthataḥ iti | durbodhatvāt ātma-vastunaḥ punaḥ punaḥ prasaṅgam āpādya śabdāntareṇa tad eva vastu nirūpayati bhagavān vāsudevaḥ kathaṃ nu nāma saṃsāriṇām asaṃsāritva-buddhi-gocaratām āpannaṃ sat avyaktaṃ tattvaṃ saṃsāra-nivṛttaye syāt iti

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kiṃ ca--
avyakto 'yam acintyo 'yam avikāryo 'yam ucyate |
tasmād evaṃ viditvainaṃ nānuśocitum arhasi

avyaktaḥ sarva-karaṇāviṣayatvāt na vyajyata iti avyakto 'yam ātmā | ataeva acintyo 'yam | yad dhi indriya-gocaras tac cintā-viṣayatvam āpadyate | ayaṃ tv ātmā anindriya-gocaratvāt acintyaḥ | ataeva avikāryaḥ, yathā kṣīraṃ dadhyātañcanādinā vikāri na tathā ayam ātmā | niravayavatvāc cāvikriyaḥ | na hi niravayavaṃ kiṃcit vikriyātmakaṃ dṛṣṭām | avikriyatvāt avikāryo 'yam ātmā ucyate | tasmāt evaṃ yathokta-prakāreṇa enam ātmānaṃ viditvā tvaṃ na anuśocitum arhasi hantāham eṣām, mayaite hanyanta iti

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ātmano 'nityatvam abhyupagamya idam ucyate ---
atha cainaṃ nityajātaṃ nityaṃ vā manyase mṛtam |
tathāpi tvaṃ mahābāho naivaṃ śocitum arhasi

atha ca iti abhyupagamārthaḥ | enaṃ prakṛtam ātmānaṃ nitya-jātaṃ loka-prasiddhayā praty aneka-śarīrotpatti jāto jāta iti manyase | tathā prati-tat-tad-vināśaṃ nityaṃ vā manyase mṛtaṃ mṛto mṛta iti | tathāpi tathābhāve 'py ātmani tvaṃ mahābāho, na evaṃ śocitum arhasi, janmavato nāśo nāśavato janma cety etāv avaśyaṃbhāvināv iti

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tathā ca sati--
jātasya hi dhruvo mṛtyur dhruvaṃ janma mṛtasya ca |
tasmād aparihārye 'rthe na tvaṃ śocitum arhasi

jātasya hi labdha-janmanaḥ dhruvo 'vyabhicārī mṛtyur maraṇaṃ dhruva janma mṛtasya ca | tasmād aparihāryo 'yaṃ janma-maraṇa-lakṣaṇo 'rthaḥ | tasminn aparihārye 'rthe na tvaṃ śocitum arhasi

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kārya-karaṇa-saṃghātātma-kānyapi bhūtāny uddiśya śoko na yuktaḥ kartum, yataḥ-
avyaktādīni bhūtāni vyakta-madhyāni bhārata |
avyakta-nidhanāny eva tatra kā paridevanā

avyaktādīny avyaktam adarśanam anupalabdhiḥ ādir yeṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ putra-mitrādi-kārya-karaṇa-saṃghātātmakānāṃ tāni avyaktadīni bhūtāni prāg-utpatteḥ, utpannāni ca prāṅ-maraṇāt vyakta-madhyāni | avyakta-nidhanāny eva punar avyaktam adarśanaṃ nidhanaṃ maraṇaṃ yeṣāṃ tāni avyakta-nidhanāni | maraṇād ūrdhvam apy avyaktatām eva pratipadyante ity arthaḥ | tathā coktam ---
adarśanād āpatitaḥ punaś cādarśanaṃ gataḥ |
nāsau tava na tasya tvaṃ vṛthā kā paridevanā || [Mahā. Strī. 2.13] iti |
tatra kā paridevanā ko vā pralāpo 'dṛṣṭa-dṛṣṭa-pranaṣṭa-bhrānti-bhūteṣu bhūteṣv ity arthaḥ

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durvijñeyo 'thaṃ prakṛta ātmā | kiṃ tvāmevaikamupālabhe sādhāraṇe bhrāntinimitte | kathaṃ durvijñeyo 'yamātmā ityata āha ---
āścaryavat paśyati kaścid enam
āścaryavad vadati tathaiva cānyaḥ |
āścaryavac cainam anyaḥ śṛṇoti
śrutvāpy enaṃ veda na caiva kaścit

āścaryavat āścaryam adṛṣṭa-pūrvam adbhutam akasmād dṛśyamānaṃ tena tulyaṃ āścaryavat āścaryam iva enam ātmānaṃ paśyati kaścit | āścaryavad enaṃ vadati tathaiva cānyaḥ | āścaryavac ca enam anyaḥ sṛṇoti | śrutvā dṛṣṭvā uktvāpi enam ātmānaṃ veda na caiva kaścit | athavā yo 'yam ātmānaṃ paśyati sa āścarya-tulyaḥ, yo vadati ya ca sṛṇoti so 'neka-sahasreṣu kaścid eva bhavati | ato durbodha ātmā ity abhiprāyaḥ

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athedānīṃ prakaraṇārtham upasaṃharan brūte -
dehī nityam avadhyo 'yaṃ dehe sarvasya bhārata |
tasmāt sarvāṇi bhūtāni na tvaṃ śocitum arhasi

dehī śarīrī nityaṃ sarvadā sarvāvasthāsu avadhyaḥ niravayavatvān nityatvāc ca | tatra avadhyo 'yaṃ dehe śarīre sarvasya sarva-gatatvāt sthāvarādiṣu sthito 'pi sarvasya prāṇi-jātasya dehe vadhyamāne 'py ayaṃ dehī na vadhyo yasmāt, tasmād bhīṣmādīni sarvāṇi bhūtāni uddiśya na tvaṃ śocitum arhasi

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iha paramārtha-tattvāpekṣāyāṃ śoko moho vā na saṃbhavatīty uktam | na kevalaṃ paramārtha-tattvāpekṣāyām eva, kiṃ tu ---
sva-dharmam api cāvekṣya na vikampitum arhasi |
dharmyād dhi yuddhāc chreyo 'nyat kṣatriyasya na vidyate

svadharmam api svo dharmaḥ kṣatriyasya yuddhaṃ tam api avekṣya tvaṃ na vikampituṃ pracalitum nārhasi kṣatriyasya svābhāvikād dharmād ātma-svābhāvyād ity abhiprāyaḥ | tac ca yuddhaṃ pṛthivī-jaya-dvāreṇa dharmārthaṃ prajā-rakṣaṇārthaṃ ceti dharmād anapetaṃ paraṃ dharmyam | tasmād dharmyād yuddhāc chreyo 'nyat kṣatriyasya na vidyate hi yasmāt

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kutaś ca tat yuddhaṃ kartavyam iti, ucyate ---
yadṛcchayā copapannaṃ svarga-dvāram apāvṛtam |
sukhinaḥ kṣatriyāḥ pārtha labhante yuddham īdṛśam

yadṛcchayā ca aprārthitatayā upapannam āgataṃ svarga-dvāram apāvṛtam udghāṭitaṃ ya etad īdṛśaṃ yuddhaṃ labhante kṣatriyāḥ he pārtha, kiṃ na sukhinas te ?

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etaṃ kartavyatā-prāptam api -
atha cet tvam imaṃ dharmyaṃ saṃgrāmaṃ na kariṣyasi |
tataḥ sva-dharmaṃ kīrtiṃ ca hitvā pāpam avāpsyasi

atha cet tvam imaṃ dharmyaṃ dharmād anapetaṃ vihitaṃ saṃgrāmaṃ yuddhaṃ na kariṣyasi cet, tataḥ tad-akaraṇāt svadharmaṃ kīrtiṃ ca mahā-devādi-samāgama-nimittāṃ hitvā kevalaṃ pāpam avāpsyasi

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na kevalaṃ svadharma-kīrti-parityāgaḥ -
akīrtiṃ cāpi bhūtāni kathayiṣyanti te 'vyayām |
saṃbhāvitasya cākīrtir maraṇād atiricyate

akīrtiṃ cāpi yuddhā bhūtāni kathayiṣyanti te tava avyayāṃ dīrgha-kālām | dharmātmā śūra ity evam ādibhiḥ guṇaiḥ saṃbhāvitasya ca akīrtiḥ maraṇāt atiricyate, saṃbhāvitasya ca akīrteḥ varaṃ maraṇam ity arthaḥ

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kiṃ ca--
bhayād raṇād uparataṃ maṃsyante tvāṃ mahārathāḥ |
yeṣāṃ ca tvaṃ bahumato bhūtvā yāsyasi lāghavam

bhayāt karṇādibhyaḥ raṇāt yuddhāt uparataṃ nivṛttaṃ maṃsyante cintayiṣyanti na kṛpayeti tvāṃ mahārathāḥ duryodhana-prabhṛtayaḥ | yeṣāṃ ca tvaṃ duryodhanādīnāṃ bahu-mato bahubhir guṇair yuktaḥ ity evaṃ mataḥ bahumato bhūtvā punar yāsyasi lāghavaṃ laghu-bhāvam

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kiṃ ca --
avācya-vādāṃś ca bahūn vadiṣyanti tavāhitāḥ |
nindantas tava sāmarthyaṃ tato duḥkhataraṃ nu kim

avācya-vādān avaktavya-vādāṃś ca bahūn aneka-prakārān vadiṣyanti tavāhitāḥ śatravaḥ nindantaḥ kutsayantaḥ tava tvadīyaṃ sāmarthyaṃ nivāta-kavacādi-yuddha-nimittam | tatas tasmāt nindā-prāpter duḥkhāt duḥkhataraṃ nu kim ? tataḥ kaṣṭataraṃ duḥkhaṃ nāstīty arthaḥ

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yurā punaḥ kriyamāṇe karṇādibhiḥ-
hato vā prāpsyasi svargaṃ jitvā vā bhokṣyase mahīm |
tasmād uttiṣṭha kaunteya yuddhāya kṛta-niścayaḥ

hato vā prāpsyasi svargam, hataḥ san svargaṃ prāpsyasi | jitvā vā karṇādīn śūrān bhokṣyase mahīm | ubhayathāpi tava lābha evety abhiprāyaḥ | yata evaṃ tasmāt uttiṣṭha kaunteya yuddhāya kṛtāni ca yaḥ jeṣyāmi śatrūn, mariṣyāmi vā iti niścayaṃ kṛtvety arthaḥ

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tatra yuddhaṃ svadharma ity evaṃ yudhyamānasyopadeśam imaṃ sṛṇu -
sukha-duḥkhe same kṛtvā lābhālābhau jayājayau |
tato yuddhāya yujyasva naivaṃ pāpam avāpsyasi

sukha-duḥkhe same tulye kṛtvā, rāga-dveṣāv apy akṛtvety etat | tathā lābhālābhau jayājayau ca samau kṛtvā tato yuddhāya yujyasva ghaṭāsva | na evaṃ yuddhaṃ kurvan pāpam avāpsyasi | ity eṣa upadeśaḥ prāsaṅgikaḥ

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śoka-mohāpanayanāya laukiko nyāyaḥ svadharmam api cāvekṣya ity ādyaiḥ lokair uktaḥ, na tu tātparyeṇa | paramārtha-darśanam iha prakṛtam | tac coktam upasaṃhriyate -- eṣā te 'bhihitā iti śāstra-viṣaya-vibhāga-pradarśanāya | iha hi pradarśite punaḥ śāstra-viṣaya-vibhāge upariṣṭāt jñāna-yogena sāṃkhyānāṃ karma-yogena yoginām iti niṣṭhā-dvaya-viṣayaṃ śāstraṃ sukhaṃ pravartiṣyate, śrotāraś ca viṣaya-vibhāgena sukhaṃ grahīṣyanti ity ata āha ---
eṣā te 'bhihitā sāṃkhye buddhir yoge tv imāṃ śṛṇu |
buddhyā yukto yayā pārtha karmabandhaṃ prahāsyasi

eṣā te tubhyam abhihitā uktā sāṃkhye paramārtha-vastu-viveka-viṣaye buddhir jñānaṃ sākṣāt śoka-mohādi-saṃsāra-hetu-doṣa-nivṛtti-kāraṇam | yoge tu tat-prāpty-upāye niḥsaṅgatayā dvandva-prahāṇa-pūrvakam īśvarārādhanārthe karma-yoge karmānuṣṭhāne samādhi-yoge cemām anantaram evocyamānāṃ buddhiṃ śṛṇu | tāṃ ca buddhiṃ stauti prarocanārtham -- buddhyā yayā yoga-viṣayayā yuktaḥ | he pārtha, karma-bandhaṃ karmaiva dharmādharmākhyo bandhaḥ karma-bandhas taṃ prahāsyasi īśvara-prasāda-nimitta-jñāna-prāpter ity abhiprāyaḥ

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kiṃ cānyat --
nehābhikrama-nāśo 'sti pratyavāyo na vidyate |
svalpam apy asya dharmasya trāyate mahato bhayāt

neha mokṣa-mārge karma-yoge abhikrama-nāśo 'bhikramaṇam abhikramaḥ prārambhas tasya nāśo nāsti yathā kṛṣyādeḥ | yoga-viṣaye prārambhasya na anaikāntika-phalatvam ity arthaḥ | kiṃ ca nāpi cikitsāvat pratyavāyo vidyate bhavati | kiṃ tu svalpam api asya dharmasya yoga-dharmasya anuṣṭhitaṃ trāyate rakṣati mahataḥ bhayāt saṃsāra-bhayāt janma-maraṇādi-lakṣaṇāt

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yeyaṃ sāṃkhye buddhir uktā yoge ca, vakṣyamāṇa-lakṣaṇā sā -
vyavasāyātmikā buddhir ekeha kuru-nandana |
bahu-śākhā hy anantāś ca buddhayo 'vyavasāyinām

vyavasāyātmikā niścaya-svabhāvā ekā eva buddhir itara-viparīta-buddhi-śākhā-bhedasya vādhikā, samyak-pramāṇa-janitatvāt, iha śreyo-mārge | he kurunandana ! yāḥ punar itarā viparīta-buddhayaḥ, yāsāṃ śākhā-bheda-pracāra-vaśāt ananto 'pāro 'nuparataḥ
saṃsāro nitya-pratato vistīrṇo bhavati, pramāṇa-janita-viveka-buddhi-nimitta-vaśāc ca uparatāsv ananta-bheda-buddhiṣu saṃsāro 'py uparamate tā buddhayo bahu-śākhāḥ bahvvayaḥ śākhāḥ yāsāṃ tāḥ bahu-śākhāḥ, bahu-bhedā ity etat | pratiśākhā-bhedena hy anantā ca buddhayaḥ | keṣām ? avyavasāyināṃ pramāṇa-janita-viveka-buddhi-rahitānām ity arthaḥ

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yeṣāṃ vyavasāyātmikā buddhir nāsti te--
yām imāṃ puṣpitāṃ vācaṃ pravadanty avipaścitaḥ |
veda-vāda-ratāḥ pārtha nānyad astīti vādinaḥ

yām imāṃ vakṣyamāṇāṃ puṣpitāṃ puṣpita iva vṛkṣaḥ śobhamānāṃ śrūyamāṇa-ramaṇīyāṃ vācaṃ vākya-lakṣaṇāṃ pravadanti | ke ? avipaścito 'medhaso 'vivekina ity arthaḥ | veda-vāda-ratāḥ bahvy-artha-vāda-phala-sādhana-prakāśakeṣu veda-vākyeṣu ratāḥ he pārtha, na anyat svarga-prāpty-ādi-phala-sādhanebhyaḥ karmabhyo 'sti ity evaṃ vādinaḥ vadana-śīlāḥ

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te ca --
kāmātmānaḥ svarga-parā janma-karma-phala-pradām |
kriyā-viśeṣa-bahulāṃ bhogaiśvarya-gatiṃ prati

kāmātmānaḥ kāmasvabhāvāḥ, kāmaparā ity arthaḥ | svarga-parāḥ svargaḥ paraḥ puruṣārthaḥ yeṣāṃ te svarga-parāḥ svarga-pradhānāḥ | janma-karma-phala-pradāṃ karmaṇaḥ phalaṃ karma-phalaṃ janmaiva karma-phalaṃ janma-karma-phalaṃ tat pradadātīti janma-karma-phala-pradā, tāṃ vācam | pravadanti ity anuṣajyate | kriyā-viśeṣa-bahulāṃ kriyāṇāṃ viśeṣāḥ kriyā-viśeṣāḥ te bahulā yasyāṃ vāci tāṃ svarga-paśu-putrādy-arthāḥ yayā vācā bāhulyena prakāśyante | bhogaiśvarya-gatiṃ prati bhogaś ca aiśvaryaṃ ca bhogaiśvarye, tayor gatiḥ prāptiḥ bhogaiśvarya-gatiḥ, tāṃ prati sādhana-bhūtāḥ ye kriyā-viśeṣāḥ tad-bahulāṃ tāṃ vācaṃ pravadantaḥ mūḍhāḥ saṃsāre parivartante ity abhiprāyaḥ

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teṣāṃ ca -
bhogaiśvarya-prasaktānāṃ tayāpahṛta-cetasām |
vyavasāyātmikā buddhiḥ samādhau na vidhīyate

bhogaiśvarya-prasaktānāṃ bhogaḥ kartavyaḥ caiśvaryaṃ ca iti bhogaiśvaryayor eva praṇayavatāṃ tad-ātma-bhūtānām | tayā kriyā-viśeṣa-bahulayā vācā apahṛta-cetasām ācchādita-viveka-prajñānāṃ vyavasāyātmikā sāṃkhye yoge vā buddhiḥ samādhau samādhīyate asmin puruṣopabhogāya sarvam iti samādhiḥ antaḥkaraṇaṃ buddhiḥ tasmin samādhau, na vidhīyate na bhavati ity arthaḥ

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ya evaṃ viveka-buddhi-rahitāḥ teṣāṃ kāmātmanāṃ yat phalaṃ tad āha -
traiguṇya-viṣayā vedā nistraiguṇyo bhavārjuna |
nirdvandvo nitya-sattva-stho niryoga-kṣema ātmavān

traiguṇya-viṣayāḥ traiguṇyaṃ saṃsāro viṣayaḥ prakāśayitavyaḥ yeṣāṃ te vedāḥ traiguṇya-viṣayāḥ | tvaṃ tu nistraiguṇyo bhava arjuna, niṣkāmo bhava ity arthaḥ | nirdvandvaḥ sukha-duḥkha-hetū sa-pratipakṣau padārthau dvandva-śabda-vācyau | tataḥ nirgataḥ nirdvandvo bhava | nitya-sattva-sthaḥ sadā sattva-guṇāśrito bhava | tathā niryoga-kṣemo 'nupāttasya upādānaṃ yogaḥ, upāttasya rakṣaṇaṃ kṣemaḥ, yoga-kṣema-pradhānasya śreyasi pravṛttir duṣkarā ity ataḥ niryoga-kṣemo bhava | ātmavān apramattaś ca bhava | eṣa tava upadeśaḥ sva-dharmam anutiṣṭhataḥ

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sarveṣu vedokteṣu karmasu yāny uktāny anantāni phalāni tāni nāpekṣyante cet, kim arthaṃ tāni īśvarāyety anuṣṭhīyante ity ucyate | sṛṇu -
yāvān artha udapāne sarvataḥ saṃplutodake |
tāvān sarveṣu vedeṣu brāhmaṇasya vijānataḥ

yathā loke kūpa-taḍāgādy-anekasmin udapāne paricchinnodake yāvān yāvat-parimāṇaḥ snāna-pānādir arthaḥ phalaṃ prayojanaṃ sa sarvo 'rthaḥ sarvataḥ saṃplutodake 'pi yo 'rthaḥ tāvān eva saṃpadyate, tatra antarbhavatīty arthaḥ | evaṃ tāvān tāvat-parimāṇa eva saṃpadyate sarveṣu vedeṣu vedokteṣu karmasu yo 'rthaḥ yat karma-phalaṃ so 'rthaḥ brāhmaṇasya saṃnyāsinaḥ paramārtha-tattvaṃ vijānataḥ yo 'rthaḥ yat vijñāna-phalaṃ sarvataḥ saṃplutodaka-sthānīyaṃ tasmin tāvān eva saṃpadyate tatraivāntarbhavatīty arthaḥ | yathā kṛtāya vijitāyādhareyāḥ saṃyanty evam enaṃ sarvaṃ tad abhisameti yat kiṃcit prajāḥ sādhu kurvanti yas tad veda yat sa veda [ChāU 4.1.2] iti śruteḥ | sarvaṃ karmākhilam iti ca vakṣyati | tasmāt prāk jñāna-niṣṭhādhikāra-prāpteḥ karmaṇy adhikṛtena
kūpa-taḍāgādy-artha-sthānīyam api karma kartavyam

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tava ca -
karmaṇy evādhikāras te mā phaleṣu kadācana |
mā karma-phala-hetur bhūr mā te saṅgo 'stv akarmaṇi

karmaṇy evādhikāro na jñāna-niṣṭhāyāṃ te tava | tatra ca karma kurvataḥ mā phaleṣu adhikāro 'stu, karma-phala-tṛṣṇā mā bhūt kadācana kasyāṃcid apy avasthāyām ity arthaḥ | yadā karma-phale tṛṣṇā te syāt tadā karma-phala-prāpter hetuḥ syāḥ, evaṃ mā karma-phala-hetuḥ bhūḥ | yadā hi karma-phala-tṛṣṇā-prayuktaḥ karmaṇi pravartate tadā karma-phalasyaiva janmano hetur bhavet | yadi karma-phalaṃ neṣyate, kiṃ karmaṇā duḥkha-rūpeṇa ? iti mā te tava saṅgo 'stv akarmaṇi akaraṇe prītir mā bhūt

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yadi karma-phala-prayuktena na kartavyaṃ karma, kathaṃ tarhi kartavyam iti | ucyate -
yogasthaḥ kuru karmāṇi saṅgaṃ tyaktvā dhanaṃjaya |
siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samo bhūtvā samatvaṃ yoga ucyate

yoga-sthaḥ san kuru karmāṇi kevalam īśvarārtham | tatrāpīśvaro me tuṣyatu iti saṅgaṃ tyaktvā dhanaṃjaya | phala-tṛṣṇā-śūnyena kriyamāṇe karmaṇi sattva-śuddhijā jñāna-prāpti-lakṣaṇā siddhiḥ, tad-viparyayajā asiddhiḥ, tayoḥ siddhy-asiddhyor api samaḥ tulyo bhūtvā kuru karmāṇi | ko 'sau yogo yatra-sthaḥ kuru ity uktam ? idam eva tat --- siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samatvaṃ yoga ucyate

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yat punaḥ samatva-buddhi-yuktam īśvarārādhanārthaṃ karmoktam, etasmāt karmaṇaḥ --
dūreṇa hy avaraṃ karma buddhi-yogād dhanaṃjaya |
buddhau śaraṇam anviccha kṛpaṇāḥ phala-hetavaḥ

dūreṇa ativiprakarṣeṇa atyantam eva hy avaram adhamaṃ nikṛṣṭaṃ karma phalārthinā kriyamāṇaṃ buddhi-yogāt samatva-buddhi-yuktāt karmaṇaḥ, janma-maraṇādi-hetutvāt | he dhanaṃjaya, yata evaṃ tataḥ yoga-viṣayāyāṃ buddhau tat-paripāka-jāyāṃ vā sāṃkhya-buddhau śaraṇam āśrayam abhaya-prāpti-kāraṇam anviccha prārthayasva, paramārtha-jñāna-śaraṇo bhavety arthaḥ | yato 'varaṃ karma kurvāṇāḥ kṛpaṇāḥ dīnāḥ phala-hetavaḥ phala-tṛṣṇā-prayuktāḥ santaḥ, yo vā etad akṣaraṃ gārgy aviditvāsmāl lokāt praiti sa kṛpaṇaḥ [BAU 3.8.10] iti śruteḥ

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samatva-buddhi-yuktaḥ san svadharmam anutiṣṭhan yat phalaṃ prāpnoti tac chṛṇu --
buddhi-yukto jahātīha ubhe sukṛta-duṣkṛte |
tasmād yogāya yujyasva yogaḥ karmasu kauśalam

buddhi-yuktaḥ karma-samatva-viṣayayā buddhyā yukto buddhi-yuktaḥ saḥ jahāti parityajati iha asmin loke ubhe sukṛta-duṣkṛte puṇya-pāpe sattva-śuddhi-jñāna-prāpti-dvāreṇa yataḥ, tasmāt samatva-buddhi-yogāya yujyasva ghaṭāsva | yogo hi karmasu kauśalam sva-dharmākhyeṣu karmasu vartamānasya yā siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samatva-buddhir īśvarārpita-cetastayā tat kauśalaṃ kuśala-bhāvaḥ | tad dhi kauśalaṃ yad bandhana-svabhāvāny api karmāṇi samatva-buddhyā svabhāvān nivartante | tasmāt samatva-buddhi-yukto bhava tvam

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yasmāt -
karmajaṃ buddhi-yuktā hi phalaṃ tyaktvā manīṣiṇaḥ |
janma-bandha-vinirmuktāḥ padaṃ gacchanty anāmayam

karmajaṃ phalaṃ tyaktvā iti vyavahitena sambandhaḥ | iṣṭāniṣṭa-deha-prāptiḥ karmajaṃ phalaṃ karmabhyo jātaṃ buddhi-yuktāḥ samatva-buddhi-yuktāḥ santaḥ hi yasmāt phalaṃ tyaktvā parityajya manīṣiṇaḥ jñānino bhūtvā, janma-bandha-vinirmuktāḥ janmaiva bandhaḥ janma-bandhaḥ tena vinirmuktāḥ jīvanta eva janma-bandhāt vinirmuktāḥ santaḥ, padaṃ paramaṃ viṣṇoḥ mokṣākhyaṃ gacchanti anāmayaṃ sarvopadrava-rahitam ity arthaḥ | athavā buddhi-yogād dhanaṃjaya ity ārabhya paramārtha-darśana-lakṣaṇaiva sarvataḥ saṃplutodaka-sthānīyā karma-yogaja-sattva-śuddha-janitā buddhir darśitā, sākṣāt-sukṛta-duṣkṛta-prahāṇādi-hetutva-śravaṇāt

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yogānuṣṭhāna-janita-sattva-śuddhajā buddhiḥ kadā prāpsyate ity ucyate ---
yadā te moha-kalilaṃ buddhir vyatitariṣyati |
tadā gantāsi nirvedaṃ śrotavyasya śrutasya ca

yadā yasmin kāle te tava moha-kalilaṃ mohātmakam aviveka-rūpaṃ kāluṣyaṃ yena ātmānātma-viveka-bodhaṃ kaluṣīkṛtya viṣayaṃ pratyantaḥ-karaṇaṃ pravartate, tat tava buddhiḥ vyatitariṣyati vyatikramiṣyati, atiśuddha-bhāvam āpātryate ity arthaḥ | tadā tasmin kāle gantāsi prāpsyasi nirvedaṃ vairāgyaṃ śrotavyasya śrutasya ca, tadā śrotavyaṃ śrutaṃ ca te niṣphalaṃ pratibhātīty abhiprāyaḥ

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moha-kalilātyaya-dvāreṇa labdhātma-vivekaja-prajñaḥ kadā karma-yogajaṃ phalaṃ paramārtha-yogam avāpsyāmīti cet, tat sṛṇu --
śruti-vipratipannā te yadā sthāsyati niścalā |
samādhāv acalā buddhis tadā yogam avāpsyasyi

śruti-vipratinnā aneka-sādhya-sādhana-saṃbandha-prakāśana-śrutibhiḥ śravaṇaiḥ pravṛtti-nivṛtti-lakṣaṇaiḥ vipratipannā nānā-pratinnā vikṣiptā satī te tava buddhir yadā yasmin kāle sthāsyati sthirībhūtā bhaviṣyati niścalā vikṣepa-calana-varjitā satī samādhau, samādhīyate cittam asminn iti samādhir ātmā, tasmin ātmani ity etat | acalā tatrāpi vikalpa-varjitā ity etat | buddhir antaḥkaraṇam | tadā tasmin kāle yogam avāpsyasi viveka-prajñāṃ samādhiṃ prāpsyasi

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praśnabījaṃ pratilabhya arjuna uvācalabdhasamādhiprajñasya lakṣaṇabubhutsayā ---
arjuna uvāca-
arjuna uvāca
sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā samādhi-sthasya keśava |
sthita-dhīḥ kiṃ prabhāṣeta kim āsīta vrajeta kim

sthitā pratiṣṭhitā aham asmi paraṃ brahma iti prajñā yasya saḥ sthita-prajñas tasya sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā kiṃ bhāṣaṇaṃ vacanaṃ katham asau parair bhāṣyate samādhi-sthasya samādhau sthitasya he keśava | sthita-dhīḥ sthita-prajñaḥ svayaṃ vā kiṃ prabhāṣeta | kim āsīta vrajeta kim āsanaṃ vrajanaṃ vā tasya katham ity arthaḥ | sthita-prajñasya lakṣaṇam anena lokena pṛcchayate

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yo hy ādita eva saṃnyasya karmāṇi jñāna-yoga-niṣṭhāyāṃ pravṛttaḥ, yaś ca karma-yogena, tayoḥ prajahāti ity ārabhya ā adhyāya-parisamāpteḥ sthita-prajña-lakṣaṇaṃ sādhanaṃ copadiśyate | sarvatraiva hi adhyātma-śāstre kṛtārtha-lakṣaṇāni yāni tāny eva sādhanāni upadiśyante, yatna-sādhyatvāt | yāni yatna-sādhyāni sādhanāni lakṣaṇāni ca bhavanti tāni śrī-bhagavān uvāca--
prajahāti yadā kāmān sarvān pārtha mano-gatān |
ātmany evātmanā tuṣṭaḥ sthita-prajñas tadocyate

prajahāti prakarṣeṇa jahāti parityajati yadā yasmin kāle sarvān samastān kāmān icchā-bhedān he pārtha, mano-gatān manasi praviṣṭāan hṛdi praviṣṭān | sarva-kāma-parityāge tuṣṭi-kāraṇābhāvāt śarīra-dhāraṇa-nimitta-śeṣe ca sati unmatta-pramattasyeva pravṛttiḥ prāptā, ity ata ucyate --- ātmany eva pratyag-ātma-svarūpe eva ātmanā svenaiva bāhya-lābha-nirapekṣas tuṣṭāḥ paramārtha-darśanāmṛta-rasa-lābhena anyasmād alaṃ-pratyayavān sthita-prajñaḥ sthitā pratiṣṭhitā ātmānātma-vivekajā prajñā yasya saḥ sthita-prajñaḥ vidvān tadā ucyate | tyakta-putra-vitta-lokaiṣaṇaḥ saṃnyāsī ātmārāma ātma-krīḍāḥ sthita-prajña ity arthaḥ

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kiṃ ca --
duḥkheṣv anudvigna-manāḥ sukheṣu vigata-spṛhaḥ |
vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhaḥ sthita-dhīr munir ucyate

duḥkheṣv ādhyātmikādiṣu prāpteṣu na udvignaṃ na prakṣubhitaṃ duḥkha-prāptau mano yasya so 'yam anudvigna-manāḥ | tathā sukheṣu prāpteṣu vigatā spṛhā tṛṣṇā yasya, na agnir iva indhanādy-ādhāne sukhāny anu vivardhate sa vigata-spṛhaḥ | vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhaḥ rāga ca bhayaṃ ca krodha ca vītā vigatā yasmāt sa vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhaḥ | sthita-dhīḥ sthita-prajño muniḥ saṃnyāsī tadā ucyate

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kiṃ ca--
yaḥ sarvatrānabhisnehas tat tat prāpya śubhāśubham |
nābhinandati na dveṣṭi tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā

yaḥ muniḥ sarvatra deha-jīvitādiṣv api anabhisneho 'bhisneha-varjitas tat tat prāpya śubhāśubhaṃ tat tat śubhaṃ aśubhaṃ vā labdhvā nābhinandati na dveṣṭi śubhaṃ prāpya na tuṣyati na hṛṣyati, aśubhaṃ ca prāpya na dveṣṭi ity arthaḥ | tasya evaṃ harṣa-viṣāda-varjitasya vivekajā prajñā pratiṣṭhitā bhavati

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kiṃ ca --
yadā saṃharate cāyaṃ kūrmo 'ṅgānīva sarvaśaḥ |
indriyāṇīndriyārthebhyas tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā

yadā saṃharate samyag upasaṃharate cāyaṃ jñāna-niṣṭhāyāṃ pravṛtto yatiḥ kūrmo 'ṅgāni iva yathā kūrmo bhayāt svāny aṅgāni upasaṃharati sarvaśaḥ sarvataḥ, evaṃ jñāna-niṣṭhaḥ indriyāṇi indriyārthebhyaḥ sarva-viṣayebhya upasaṃharate | tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ity uktārthaṃ vākyam

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tatra viṣayān anāharataḥ āturasyāpi indriyāṇi kūrmāṅgānīva saṃhriyante na tu tad-viṣayo rāgaḥ sa kathaṃ saṃhriyate ity ucyate -
viṣayā vinivartante nirāhārasya dehinaḥ |
rasa-varjaṃ raso 'py asya paraṃ dṛṣṭvā nivartate

yadyapi viṣayāḥ viṣayopalakṣitāni viṣaya-śabda-vācyāni indriyāṇi nirāhārasya anāhriyamāṇa-viṣayasya kaṣṭe tapasi sthitasya mūrkhasyāpi vinivartante dehino dehavataḥ rasa-varjaṃ raso rāgo viṣayeṣu yas taṃ varjayitvā | rasa-śabdo rāge prasiddhaḥ, sva-rasena pravṛttaḥ rasikaḥ rasajñaḥ, ity ādi-darśanāt | so 'pi raso rañjana-rūpaḥ sūkṣmo 'sya yateḥ paraṃ paramārtha-tattvaṃ brahma dṛṣṭvā upalabhya aham eva tat iti vartamānasya nivartate nirbījaṃ viṣaya-vijñānaṃ saṃpadyate ity arthaḥ | nāsati samyag-darśane rasasya ucchedaḥ | tasmāt samyag-darśanātmikāyāḥ prajñāyāḥ sthairyaṃ kartavyam ity abhiprāyaḥ

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samyag-darśana-lakṣaṇa-prajñā-sthairyaṃ cikīrṣatā ādau indriyāṇi sva-vaśe sthāpayitavyāni, yasmāt tad-anavasthāpane doṣam āha ---
yatato hy api kaunteya puruṣasya vipaścitaḥ |
indriyāṇi pramāthīni haranti prasabhaṃ manaḥ

yatataḥ prayatnaṃ kurvataḥ hi yasmāt kaunteya puruṣasya vipaścitaḥ medhāvino 'pi iti vyavahitena saṃbandhaḥ | indriyāṇi pramāthīni pramathana-śīlāni viṣayābhimukhaṃ hi puruṣaṃ vikṣobhayanti ākulīkurvanti, ākulīkṛtya ca haranti prasabhaṃ prasahya prakāśam eva paśyato viveka-vijñāna-yuktaṃ manaḥ

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yatas tasmāt--
tāni sarvāṇi saṃyamya yukta āsīta mat-paraḥ |
vaśe hi yasyendriyāṇi tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā

tāni sarvāṇi saṃyamya saṃyamanaṃ vaśīkaraṇaṃ kṛtvā yuktaḥ samāhitaḥ san āsīta mat-paro 'haṃ vāsudevaḥ sarva-pratyag-ātmā paro yasya sa mat-paraḥ, nānyo 'haṃ tasmāt ity āsīta ity arthaḥ | evam āsīnasya yater vaśe hi yasyendriyāṇi vartante abhyāsa-balāt tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā

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athedānīṃ parābhaviṣyataḥ sarvānartha-mūlam idam ucyate --
dhyāyato viṣayān puṃsaḥ saṅgas teṣūpajāyate |
saṅgāt saṃjāyate kāmaḥ kāmāt krodho 'bhijāyate

krodhād bhavati saṃmohaḥ saṃmohāt smṛti-vibhramaḥ |
smṛti-bhraṃśād buddhi-nāśo buddhi-nāśāt praṇaśyati

dhyāyataś cintayato viṣayāt śabdādīn viṣaya-viśeṣān ālocayataḥ puṃsaḥ puruṣasya saṅgaḥ āsaktiḥ prītis teṣu viṣayeṣu upajāyate utpadyate | saṅgāt prīteḥ saṃjāyate samutpadyate kāmas tṛṣṇā | kāmāt kutaścit pratihatāt krodho 'bhijāyate |
krodhād bhavati saṃmoho 'vivekaḥ kāryākārya-viṣayaḥ | kruddho hi saṃmūḍhaḥ san gurum apy ākrośati | saṃmohāt smṛti-vibhramaḥ śāstrācāryopadeśāhita-saṃskāra-janitāyāḥ smṛte syāt vibhramo bhraṃśaḥ smṛty-utpatti-nimitta-prāptau anutpattiḥ | tataḥ smṛti-bhraṃśāt buddhi-nāśaḥ buddhi-nāśaḥ | kāryākārya-viṣaya-vivekāyogyatā antaḥ-karaṇasya buddher nāśa ucyate | buddher nāśāt praṇaśyati | tāvad eva hi puruṣaḥ yāvad antaḥkaraṇaṃ tadīyaṃ kāryākārya-viṣaya-viveka-yogyam | tad-ayogyatve naṣṭa eva puruṣo bhavati | ataḥ tasyāntaḥ-karaṇasya buddher nāśāt praṇaśyati puruṣārthāyogyo bhavatīty arthaḥ ||BhGS_2.62-63||
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sarvānarthasya mūlamuktaṃ viṣayābhidhyānam | atha idānīṃ mokṣakāraṇamidamucyate --
rāga-dveṣa-viyuktais tu viṣayān indriyaiś caran |
ātma-vaśyair vidheyātmā prasādam adhigacchati

rāga-dveṣa-viyuktai rāgaś ca dveṣaś ca rāga-dveṣau, tat-puraḥsarā hi indriyāṇāṃ pravṛttiḥ svābhāvikī, tatra yo mumukṣuḥ bhavati saḥ tābhyāṃ viyuktaiḥ śrotrādibhir indriyair viṣayān avarjanīyān caran upalabhamānaḥ ātma-vaśyair ātmano vaśyāni vaśībhūtāni indriyāṇi tair ātma-vaśyair vidheyātmā icchātaḥ vidheya ātmā antaḥ-karaṇaṃ yasya so 'yaṃ prasādam adhigacchati | prasādaḥ prasannatā svāsthyam

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prasāde sati kiṃ syāt ity ucyate -
prasāde sarva-duḥkhānāṃ hānir asyopajāyate |
prasanna-cetaso hy āśu buddhiḥ paryavatiṣṭhate

prasāde sarva-duḥkhānām ādhyātmikādīnāṃ hānir vināśo 'sya yater upajāyate | kiṃ ca - prasanna-cetasaḥ svasthāntaḥ-karaṇasya hi yasmāt āśu śīghraṃ buddhiḥ paryavatiṣṭhate ākāśam iva pari samantāt avatiṣṭhate, ātma-svarūpeṇaiva niścalībhavatīty arthaḥ |
evaṃ prasanna-cetaso 'vasthita-buddhiḥ kṛta-kṛtyatā yataḥ, tasmāt rāga-dveṣa-viyuktair indriyaiḥ śāstrā-viruddheṣu avarjanīyeṣu yuktaḥ samācaret iti vākyārthaḥ

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seyaṃ prasannatā stūyate --
nāsti buddhirayuktasya na cāyuktasya bhāvanā |
na cābhāvayataḥ śāntir aśāntasya kutaḥ sukham

nāsti na vidyate na bhavatīty arthaḥ, buddhiḥ ātma-svarūpa-viṣayā ayuktasya asamāhitāntaḥ-karaṇasya | na ca asti ayuktasya bhāvanā ātma-jñānābhiniveśaḥ | tathā -- na cāsty abhāvayata ātma-jñānābhiniveśam akurvataḥ śāntir upaśamaḥ | aśāntasya kutaḥ sukham ? indriyāṇāṃ hi viṣaya-sevā-tṛṣṇātaḥ nivṛttir yā tat-sukham, na viṣaya-viṣayā tṛṣṇā | duḥkham eva hi sā | na tṛṣṇāyāṃ satyāṃ sukhasya gandha-mātram apy upapadyate ity arthaḥ

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ayuktasya kasmād buddhir nāsti ity ucyate -
indriyāṇāṃ hi caratāṃ yan mano 'nuvidhīyate |
tad asya harati prajñāṃ vāyur nāvam ivāmbhasi

indriyāṇāṃ hi yasmāt caratāṃ sva-sva-viṣayeṣu pravartamānānāṃ yat mano 'nuvidhīyate anupravartate tat indriya-viṣaya-vikalpanena pravṛttaṃ mano 'sya yateḥ harati prajñām ātmānātma-vivekajāṃ nāśayati | katham ? vāyuḥ nāvam iva ambhasi udake jigamiṣatāṃ mārgāduddhṛtya unmārge yathā vāyuḥ nāvaṃ pravartayati, evam ātma-viṣayāṃ prajñāṃ hṛtvā mano viṣaya-viṣayāṃ karoti

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yatato hi ity upanyastasyārthasya anekadhā upapattim uktvā taṃ cārtham upapādya upasaṃharati ---
tasmād yasya mahābāho nigṛhītāni sarvaśaḥ |
indriyāṇīndriyārthebhyas tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā

indriyāṇāṃ pravṛttau doṣa upapādito yasmāt tasmāt yasya yateḥ he mahābāho, nigṛhītāni sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakāraiḥ mānasādi-bhedaiḥ indriyāṇi indriyārthebhyaḥ śabdādibhyas tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā

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yo 'yaṃ laukiko vaidika ca vyavahāraḥ sa utpanna-viveka-jñānasya sthita-prajñasya avidyākāryatvāt avidyā-nivṛttau nivartate, avidyāyā ca vidyā-virodhāt nivṛttiḥ, ity etam arthaṃ sphuṭīkurvann āha ---
yā niśā sarva-bhūtānāṃ tasyāṃ jāgarti saṃyamī |
yasyāṃ jāgrati bhūtāni sā niśā paśyato muneḥ

yā niśā rātriḥ sarva-padārthānām aviveka-karī tamaḥ-svabhāvatvāt sarva-bhūtānāṃ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānām | kiṃ tat paramārtha-tattvaṃ sthita-prajñasya viṣayaḥ | yathā naktaṃ-carāṇām ahar eva sad anyeṣāṃ niśā bhavati, tadvat naktaṃ-cara-sthānīyānām ajñānāṃ sarva-bhūtānāṃ niśeva niśā paramārtha-tattvam, agocaratvād atad-buddhīnām | tasyāṃ paramārtha-tattva-lakṣaṇāyām ajñāna-nidrāyāḥ prabuddho jāgarti saṃyamī saṃyamavān, jitendriyo yogīty arthaḥ | yasyāṃ grāhya-grāhaka-bheda-lakṣaṇāyām avidyā-niśāyāṃ prasuptāny eva bhūtāni jāgrati iti ucyante, yasyāṃ niśāyāṃ prasuptā iva svapna-dṛśaḥ, sā niśā avidyā-rūpatvāt paramārtha-tattvaṃ paśyato muneḥ |
ataḥ karmāṇi avidyāvasthāyām eva codyante, na vidyāvasthāyām | vidyāyāṃ hi satyām udite savitari śārvaram iva tamaḥ praṇāśam upagacchati avidyā | prāk vidyotpatteḥ avidyā pramāṇa-buddhyā gṛhyamāṇā kriyā-kāraka-phala-bheda-rūpā satī sarva-karma-hetutvaṃ pratipadyate | na apramāṇa-buddhyā gṛhyamāṇāyāḥ karma-hetutvopapattiḥ, pramāṇa-bhūtena vedena mama coditaṃ kartavyaṃ karma iti hi karmaṇi kartā pravartate, na avidyā-mātram idaṃ sarvaṃ bheda-jātam iti jñānaṃ tasya ātmajñasya sarva-karma-saṃnyāse eva adhikāro na pravṛttau | tathā ca darśayiṣyati --- tad-buddhayas tad-ātmānaḥ ity ādinā jñāna-niṣṭhāyām eva tasya adhikāram |
tatrāpi pravartaka-pramāṇābhāve pravṛtty-anupapattiḥ iti cet, na | svātma-viṣayatvād ātma-vijñānasya | na hy ātmanaḥ svātmani pravartaka-pramāṇāpekṣatā, ātmatvād eva | tad-antatvāc ca sarva-pramāṇānāṃ pramāṇatvasya | na hy ātma-svarūpādhigame sati punaḥ pramāṇa-prameya-vyavahāraḥ saṃbhavati | pramātṛtvaṃ hy ātmanaḥ nivartayati antyaṃ pramāṇam | nivartayad eva cāpramāṇībhavati, svapna-kāla-pramāṇam iva prabodhe | loke ca vastv-adhigame pravṛtti-hetutvādarśanāt pramāṇasya | tasmān nātma-vidaḥ karmaṇy adhikāra iti siddham

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viduṣas tyaktaiṣaṇasya sthita-prajñasya yater eva mokṣa-prāptiḥ, na tu asaṃnyāsinaḥ kāma-kāminaḥ ity etam arthaṃ dṛṣṭāntena pratipādayiṣyan āha -
āpūryamāṇam acala-pratiṣṭhaṃ
samudram āpaḥ praviśanti yadvat |
tadvat kāmā yaṃ praviśanti sarve
sa śāntim āpnoti na kāma-kāmī

āpūryamāṇam adbhir acala-pratiṣṭham acalatayā pratiṣṭhā avasthitiḥ yasya tam acala-pratiṣṭhaṃ samudram āpaḥ sarvato gatāḥ praviśanti svātmastham avikriyam eva santaṃ yadvat, tadvat kāmāḥ viṣaya-saṃnidhāv api sarvataḥ icchā-viśeṣāḥ yaṃ puruṣam --- samudram iva āpaḥ -- avikurvantaḥ praviśanti sarve ātmany eva pralīyante na svātma-vaśaṃ kurvanti, sa śāntir mokṣam āpnoti, netaraḥ kāma-kāmī, kāmyanta iti kāmāḥ viṣayāḥ tān kāmayituṃ śīlaṃ yasya saḥ kāma-kāmī, naiva prāpnotīty arthaḥ

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yasmād evaṃ tasmāt -
vihāya kāmān yaḥ sarvān pumāṃś carati niḥspṛhaḥ |
nirmamo nirahaṃkāraḥ sa śāntim adhigacchati

vihāya parityajya kāmān yaḥ saṃnyāsī pumān sarvān aśeṣataḥ kārtsnyena carati, jīvana-mātra-ceṣṭāśeṣaḥ paryaṭatīty arthaḥ | niḥspṛhaḥ śarīra-jīvana-mātre 'pi nirgatā spṛhā yasya saḥ niḥspṛhaḥ san nirmamaḥ śarīra-jīvana-mātrākṣipta-parigrahe 'pi mamedam ity abhiniveśa-varjitaḥ, nirahaṃkāraḥ vidyāvattvādi-nimittātma-saṃbhāvanā-rahitaḥ ity etat | sa evaṃbhūtaḥ sthita-prajñaḥ brahmavit śāntiṃ sarva-saṃsāra-duḥkhoparama-lakṣaṇāṃ nirvāṇākhyām adhigacchati prāpnoti brahma-bhūto bhavati ity arthaḥ

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saiṣā jñāna-niṣṭhā stūyate -
eṣā brāhmī sthitiḥ pārtha naināṃ prāpya vimuhyati |
sthitvāsyām anta-kāle 'pi brahma-nirvāṇam ṛcchati

eṣā yathoktā brāhmī brahmaṇi bhavā iyaṃ sthitiḥ sarvaṃ karma saṃnyasya brahma-rūpeṇaiva avasthānam ity etat | he pārtha, naināṃ sthitiṃ prāpya labdhvā na vimuhyati na mohaṃ prāpnoti | sthitvāsyāṃ sthitau brāhmyāṃ yathoktāyāṃ anta-kāle 'pi antye vayasy api brahma-nirvāṇaṃ brahma-nirvṛtiṃ mokṣam ṛcchati gacchati | kim u vaktavyaṃ brahmacaryād eva saṃnyasya yāvaj jīvaṃ yo brahmaṇy eva avatiṣṭhate sa brahma-nirvāṇam ṛcchati iti