Āryabhaṭīya with the Commentary (with commentary) · Chapter 43

utsarpiṇī nāma yasmin prāṇinām āyuryaśovīryasaukhyādīni upacīyante sa kālaḥ utasrpiṇīsaṃjñakaḥ | tasya ca pramāṇam yugārdham | yugasya ardham yugārdham | yugam tu abhihitam eva | tasya ardhasaṅkhyāpramāṇam utsarpiṇī viyadambarākāśaśūnyarasenduyamāḥ [2160000] | paścāt apasarpiṇī yugārdham ca | paścāt iti anena ustarpiṇīkālānantaram apasarpiṇīkālam darśayati | yasmāt pūrvapravṛttasya paścāt iti vyapadeśaḥ bhavati | yasmin prāṇinām
āyuryaśovīryasaukhyādīni apacīyante sa apasarpiṇīsaṃjñakaḥ kālaḥ | tasya ca pramāṇam yugasya paścārdham viyadambarākāśaśūnyarasenduyamāḥ [2160000] |
evam ca ã madhye yugasya suṣamādau ante duṣṣamenūccāt | tasya pūrvārdhasya madhye suṣamā duṣṣamā ca | ādau ante ca | ādau suṣamā ante duṣṣamā | suṣamāduṣṣamāpramāṇam yugacaturbhāgaḥ | katham? madhye iti vacanāt | yugārdhasya ardham yugacaturbhāgaḥ iti | pratigraham yugabhedāt āha ã "indūccāt" | indūccāt niṣpannāt yugāt ete utsarpiṇyapasarpiṇīsuṣamāduṣṣamākālāḥ avagantavyāḥ iti | atha kim ucyate indūccāt iti ? nanu ca grahasāmānyam
yugam iti abhihitam | satyam | evam etat | pratigraham apavartanaviśeṣāt yugabhedaḥ | tat yathā ã raveḥ maṇḍalāni ṣaṇmuniśarāḥ [576], divasapramāṇena yugam api navavasurāmaśūnyenduyamāḥ [210389] | candrasya divasapramāṇena yugam śarayamāṅgaviṣayeṣurūpadasrāḥ [2155625] | evam anyeṣām api |
atha yugasya kim lakṣaṇam? ucyate ã caitraśuklapratipadi ardhodite savitari laṅkāyām mīnameṣasandhau pravṛttaḥ grahaḥ punar mīnameṣasandhau caitraśuklapratipadi savituḥ ardhodaye laṅkāyām yāvatā kālena prāpnoti tāvat kālaḥ yugam iti | uktam ca ã
caitrasitādau sūrye viṣuvati ardhodite pravṛttasya |
meṣādeḥ mīnāntam tathāvidhasya eva saṃprāptiḥ ||
iti |
bhinnāgreṣu yugeṣu ekāgrīkaraṇam kuṭṭākāreṇa abhihitam ã "kaścit dvābhyām ekāgraḥ tribhiḥ dvyagraḥ" iti ādi | athavā indūccāt nimittāt utsarpiṇyapasarpiṇīsuṣamāduṣṣamāṇām gatagantavyam vijñeyam iti | katham punar gatagantavyaparijñānasya indūccanimittatvam pratipadyate iti ? ucyate ã kuṭṭākāragaṇitena, yasmāt indūccayātāgrasya indūccabhagaṇāḥ yugavarṣāṇi yugadivasāḥ [vā] bhājyabhāgahāratām pratipadyante | tat yathā asmin vastubhiḥ
vā parikalpitaḥ uddeśakaḥ ã
niśīthinīnām adhipasya tuṅgajam gatam tu rāśitritayam yadā bhavet |
tadā kiyat yātam atha āśu gaṇyatām yugasya varṣāgradināgratām ca me

labdham varṣāgram viyadambarākāśaśūnyakṛtayamāgnayaḥ [3240000], dināgram ca śararavivasuvahnivedarāmavasurudrāḥ [1183438125] |
athavā ayam aparaḥ prakāraḥ ã utsarpiṇī yugārdham | utsarpati iti utsarpiṇī, upacīyate iti arthaḥ | kā sā utsarpiṇī? grahabhuktiḥ iti adhyāhāryam | sā punar kiyantam kālam utsarpiṇī iti āha ã yugārdham | yujyante asmin grahāḥ iti yugam | tat ca nakṣatracakram eva parigṛhyate, yasmāt ekasmin maṇḍale grahasya grahaiḥ saha yogaḥ sambhavati | tasya yugasya ardham yugārdham, ṣaḍrāśayaḥ | paścāt apasarpiṇī yugārdham ca | paścāt punar api apasarpiṇī yugārdham
eva | rāśiṣaṭkam iti arthaḥ | madhye yugasya suṣamā, tasya yugasya madhye antare iti arthaḥ | suṣamā āditaḥ antataḥ ca gaṇyamāne suṣamā, ekasya padasya āditaḥ aparasya antataḥ iti arthaḥ | [ādau ante ca] duṣṣamā dṛṣṭā | anyaprakāreṇa iti vākyaśeṣaḥ |
katham etāḥ punar utsarpiṇyapasarpiṇīsuṣamāduṣṣamāgrahabhuktayaḥ vijñāyante iti atra āha ã indūccāt, candrakendrāt iti arthaḥ | tat yathā ã indoḥ kendrasya yadā rāśitrayam dvau bhāgau aṣṭāviṃśatiḥ ca kalāḥ, tadā prabhṛti madhyamabhuktiḥ upacīyate, yāvat kendram rāśiṣaṭkam saṃjātam iti | tataḥ tasmāt rāśiṣaṭkāt kendrāt upacitānām bhuktīnām utkrameṇa apacayaḥ, yāvat kendrasya aṣṭau rāśayaḥ saptaviṃśatiḥ bhāgāḥ dvātriṃśat liptāḥ ca saṃjātāḥ
| etāḥ eva utkrameṇa dvitīyapadāntāt pravigaṇyamānāḥ tulyāḥ iti ādau ante ca suṣamā | athavā ādau ante ca, dvitīyapadanirdiṣṭakendrāt prabhṛti krameṇa yāḥ bhuktayaḥ yāḥ ca tṛtīyapadanirdiṣṭakendrāt utkrameṇa bhuktayaḥ tāḥ tulyāḥ, evam caturthaprathamapadayoḥ api, iti ādau ante ca suṣamā | anyathā duṣṣamā |
atra indukendram uddiśya ācāryeṇa utsarpiṇyapasarpiṇīsuṣamāduṣṣamāḥ pradarśitāḥ | etat vidhānam anyeṣām api grahāṇām pratipattavyam | tat yathā ã sūryasya yadā kendram rāśitrayam sacatuṣpañcāśalliptam, tadā sūryasya vyāsārdhatulyaḥ karṇaḥ, bhuktiḥ ca madhyamā | yadā ca aṣṭau rāśayaḥ ekonatriṃśadbhāgāḥ liptāḥ ca ṣaṭ gatāḥ [tadā api] vyāsārdhatulyaḥ [karṇaḥ] , madhyamā bhuktiḥ ca | kujā[dīnām api] vyāsārdhatulyam bhūtārāgrahavivaram
bhavati | tathā "[kakṣyāpratimaṇḍalagāḥ] [kālakriyāí, 17] iti asyām kārikāyām vakṣyate

[āryabhaṭajanmakālaḥ ]
ācāryāryabhaṭaḥ svajanmakālajñānārtham āha ã
ṣaṣṭyabdānām ṣaṣṭiḥ yadā vyatītāḥ trayaḥ ca yugapādāḥ |
tryadhikā viṃśatiḥ abdāḥ tadā iha mama janmanaḥ atītāḥ

ṣaṣṭyabdānām ṣaṣṭiḥ | ṣaṣṭiḥ abdāḥ ṣaṣṭiguṇāḥ iti arthaḥ | yadā vyatītāḥ | yadā yasmin kāle, vyatītāḥ vyatikrāntāḥ | trayaḥ ca yugapādāḥ | yugasya pādāḥ yugapādāḥ, te ca yadā trisaṅkhyāḥ vyatītāḥ | tryadhikāḥ viṃśatiḥ abdāḥ | tribhiḥ adhikāḥ tryadhikāḥ viṃśatiḥ abdāḥ | tadā | tasmin kāle | mama janmanaḥ atītāḥ |
etat eva ācāryāryabhaṭaḥ śāstravyākhyānasamaye vā pāṇḍuraṅgasvāmi-lāṭadeva-niśaṅku-prabhṛtibhyaḥ provāca | atha atra idam praṣṭavyam ã asya vyākhyānam kim upakaroti iti? ucyate ã anena atītena kālena parijñātena sukham ādityādīnām kālaḥ atītaḥ anāgataḥ vā paṭhyate | atha ca sampradāyāvicchedāt vyatītaḥ kālaḥ vijñāyate | na etat asti | anabhidhāne bahu atra smaraṇīyam | trayāṇām yugapādānām varṣasaṅkhyā śūnyāmbarākāśaviyadvedayamāgnayaḥ
[3240000] | gatam ca kaliyugasya | ekasya abhidhāne etāvataḥ tāvat sampradāyāvicchedāt araḥ na kartavyaḥ | kintu ācāryajanmakālāvadheḥ yaḥ uttaraḥ kālaḥ asya eva sampradāyāvicchedaḥ adhigantavyaḥ |
anyat ca "ṣaṣṭyabdānām ṣaṣṭiḥ" iti asya abhidhāne prayojanam abhidhāsyate | ayam asya abhiprāyaḥ ã kṛtayugādeḥ ahargaṇaḥ sādhyaḥ | anyathā kṣepaḥ śaśyuccapātayoḥ jāyate iti | kṛtayugādeḥ punar ahargaṇe kriyamāṇe śaśyuccapātayoḥ na eva kṣepaḥ | "budhāhnyajārkodayāt ca laṅkāyām" [gītikāí, 4] iti budhādiḥ ahargaṇaḥ divasavāraḥ | idānīm tu laghugaṇitavyavahārārtham kaliyugāhargaṇaḥ kriyate | śukrādidivasavāraḥ | candroccasya rāśitrayam, rāśiṣaṭkam
ca rāhoḥ kṣepaḥ, tamasaḥ ca maṇḍalāt vilomatvāt viśodhyate | athavā karaṇāgatam eva tamaḥ yathā iṣṭasphuṭacandramasi prakṣipya dakṣiṇottaradigvidheḥ vikṣepānayanam iti |
atha ahargaṇe dṛṣṭe grahagatyānayanam ã yadi yugāhargaṇena grahāṇām gītikābhihitabhagaṇāḥ labhyante anena ahargaṇena kiyantaḥ iti, labdham samatikrāntāḥ bhagaṇāḥ | śeṣe dvādaśādiguṇite rāśyādimadhyamagrahasiddhiḥ |
atha atra romakāḥ pratyabdaśodhanena ādityam ānayanti | tena ca ādityena sarvān eva grahān iti | etat atra api pradarśyam | tat yathā ã pratyabdaśodhanam hi nāma caitraśuklapratipadi ardhodayāt ārabhya yāvat ādityaudayikasya maṇḍalagantavyasya bhogakālaḥ | sa yugānte yugaravibhagaṇaiḥ pramāṇecchābhūtaiḥ divasasaṅkhyāḥ eva bhavanti | yathā iṣṭaravibhagaṇaiḥ trairāśikam kriyate, tat yathā ã "yadi yugaravibhagaṇaiḥ bhūdivasasaṅkhyaḥ ahargaṇaḥ
labhyate iṣṭaravibhagaṇaiḥ kiyān iti ahargaṇaḥ labhyate, śeṣe ṣaṣṭyādiguṇite ghaṭikādayaḥ iti ravibhagaṇasamāptikālāvadheḥ ahargaṇaḥ labhyate | tasmāt caitraśuklāvadhiniṣpannavarṣāntikaḥ ahargaṇaḥ śodhyate, caitraśuklādeḥ upariṣṭāt ravibhagaṇasamāptikālāvadhayaḥ bhaviṣyanti |
athavā varṣāntikena ahargaṇena trairāśikam ã yadi caturyugāhargaṇena khughṛ-tulyāḥ sūryabhagaṇāḥ labhyante, anena kaliyātāhargaṇena kiyantaḥ iti labdham bhagaṇāḥ | śeṣāt gatagantavyam kṛtvā gatagantavyarāśeḥ yugasūryabhagaṇaiḥ bhāgalabdham divasāḥ | śeṣe ṣaṣṭyādiguṇite ghaṭikādayaḥ | caitraśuklādeḥ upariṣṭāt adhaḥ vā ravibhagaṇasamāptikālāvadhayaḥ divasādayaḥ bhavanti | etat eva pratyabdaśodhanam asmābhiḥ karmanibandhe laghutaram
pratipāditam | tat yathā ã
rudraiḥ sahasrahataṣaṭchakalaiḥ ca hatvā
varṣāṇi randhravasuvahnisamānasaṅkhyaiḥ |
yuktvā sadā pravigaṇayya kharāmabhakte
māsāḥ bhavanti divasāḥ ca hṛte avaśiṣṭāḥ ||
saṃhatya randhrayamalaiḥ sararāmabhāgaḥ
bhūyaḥ agnivedaguṇiteṣu haret ca bhāgam |
khavyomakhadvimunibhiḥ pralayāḥ tithīnām
saṃyojya bhūtayamarudrahṛte dināni ||
varṣeṣu randhrakṛtacandrasamāhateṣu
ṣaṭsaptapañcavihṛteṣu dinādilābhaḥ |
te yojitāḥ daśahatāsu samāsu saṃjñām
samprāpnuvanti ravijāḥ iti niścayaḥ me ||
ravijadivasayojyāḥ ca avamāḥ ye atra labdhāḥ
satatam adhikamāsān śodhayet khāgninighnān |
bhavati yat avaśiṣṭam śodhanīyam samāyām
yadi tat adhikaśuddham kṣepyam eva upadiṣṭam || iti |
[mahābhāskarīyam, 1.22-23, 27-28]
evam pratyabdaśodhanam ānīya tataḥ arkaḥ sādhyate | katham? etat api tatra uktam eva ã
madhusitadivasādyaḥ hīnahīnaḥ gaṇaḥ ahnām
divicarahṛtaśiṣṭaḥ vāramāhābdapādim |
tataḥ idam api śodhyam śodhanīyam samāyām
patitasamatiriktaḥ gṛhyate na aparaḥ atra ||
saptatyā divasādyāḥ śarabhāgāḥ dviguṇitāḥ vighaṭikāḥ ca |
tadrahitaḥ grahadehaḥ ravibudhabhṛgavaḥ ca nirdiṣṭāḥ || iti |
[mahābhāskarīyam, 1.30-31]
evam sūryaḥ siddhaḥ | [tasmāt bhagaṇeṣu] dvādaśaguṇiteṣu sūryabhuktarāśayaḥ prakṣipyante | tataḥ triṃśadguṇiteṣu bhāgāḥ iti | evam sūryāhargaṇaḥ siddhaḥ | sūryāhargaṇa[tulya]m aṃśam ādityaḥ bhuṅkte |
atha sarveṣām grahāṇām sūryadivasabhogānayanam | yugaravyabdāḥ ṣaṣṭiśatatrayaguṇitāḥ yugaravidivasāḥ | yadi etaiḥ abhīṣṭagrahabhagaṇāḥ labhyante, tadā ekena ravidivasena kiyantaḥ iti trairāśikanyāyena [labdham bhagaṇātmikā grahagatiḥ] | rāśibhāgaliptānayane dvādaśa-triṃśat-ṣaṣṭiḥ ca guṇakārāḥ | teṣām saṃvargaḥ khakhaṣaḍghanaḥ | ataḥ khakhaṣaḍghanasya khakhaṣaḍghanabhāge ekam, yugaravidivasānām khakhaṣaḍghanabhāgena dvāsaptatiḥ sahasrāṇi,
iti ataḥ dvāsaptatisahasraiḥ pratisvasvagrahabhagaṇānām bhāgaḥ, labhyante grahāṇām sūryadivasabhuktayaḥ ataḥ ca yathālabdhāḥ likhyante ã candramasaḥ liptāḥ dvāviṃśatiḥ liptātrisahasrabhāgāḥ navavasurāmāḥ, bhaumasya liptāḥ ekatriṃśat liptātrisahasrabhāgāḥ rūpakhamunipakṣāḥ, bṛhaspateḥ liptāḥ pañca liptāpañcasaptatyuttaratriṃśatabhāgāḥ dvāviṃśatiḥ, śanaiḥ carasya liptādvayam liptāṣṭādaśasahasrabhāgāḥ śaśikṛtarasāḥ, budhoccasya liptāḥ nava liptāṣaṭtriṃśacchatabhāgāḥ
śaśīṣuvedāḥ, bhṛgoḥ liptāḥ saptatriṃśat liptāṣāṭsahasrabhāgāḥ navanavendurāmāḥ | evam yathāvilikhitasūryadivasagrahabhuktibhiḥ sūryāhargaṇam guṇayet, sūryabhuktaliptābhiḥ ca trairāśikena yat avāptam phalam prakṣipya khakhaṣaḍghanena vibhajet, śeṣam grahabhuktaliptāḥ | iyān tatra viśeṣaḥ candramasi trayodaśaguṇaḥ sūryaḥ kṣepaḥ, budhocce caturguṇaḥ, śukrocce rūpaguṇitaḥ iti | etat api aśeṣagrahānayanam karma laghutaram eva karmanibandhe pradarśitam
tatra eva avagantavyam iti

[ yugādikālānantyanirdeśaḥ ]
kālapravṛtyānantyapratipādanāya āha ã
yugavarṣamāsadivasāḥ samam pravṛttāḥ tu caitraśuklādeḥ |
kālaḥ ayam anādyantaḥ grahabhaiḥ anumīyate kṣetre

yugam ca varṣam ca māsaḥ ca divasaḥ ca yugavarṣamāsadivasāḥ, ete samam pravṛttāḥ yugapat pravṛttāḥ iti arthaḥ | kasmāt iti āha ã caitraśuklādeḥ | caitraḥ māsaḥ, tasya [yaḥ] śuklaḥ pakṣaḥ, tasya śukla[pakṣa]sya yaḥ ādiḥ, [sa] ardhodayaḥ iti arthaḥ, tasmāt caitraśuklādeḥ yugādayaḥ ye te yugapat pravṛttāḥ | nanu ca yuge caitraśuklādeḥ pravṛtte sarve eva samam pravṛttāḥ syuḥ | tasmāt yugam caitraśuklādeḥ pravṛttam iti etat eva astu | na iti āha ã śāstrāntare
varṣādīnām anyasmāt pravṛttiḥ abhihitā ã
prathame vāsavasya aṃśe dvitīyāṃśe tu ajasya tu |
revatīnām tṛtīyāṃśe caturthāṃśe yamasya ca ||
saumyasya prathamāṃśe ca dvitīyāṃśe punar vasoḥ |
sārpasya aṃśe tṛtīye tu caturthāṃśe bhagasya ca ||
tvāṣṭrasya ādyāṃśake ca eva dvitīyāṃśe viśākhayoḥ |
aindrasya aṃśe tṛtīye ca āpyasya aṃśe caturthake ||
yadā samānām adhipaḥ bṛhaspatiḥ ataḥ utthitaḥ |
udayati aṃśakānte vā prathamaḥ paryayaḥ bhavet ||
iti|
evam varṣāṇām pravṛttiḥ atidūrabhinnā | tasyām ca varṣapravṛttau bhinnāyām māsadivasapravṛttī api bhinne eva bhavataḥ | athavā evam syāt ã iyam varṣāṇām pravṛttiḥ nānāprakārā phalārthibhiḥ saṃhitākāraiḥ upadiṣṭā | na eṣā prasiddhā loke, na paratantreṣu | tasmāt yā paratantreṣu loke ca prasiddhā pravṛttiḥ tasyāḥ grahaṇam bhaviṣyati iti | etat api na | tat yathā ã surāṣṭrāsu kārtikaśuklapratipadaḥ pravṛttiḥ varṣamāsadivasānām, āśvayujaḥ [kṛṣṇa]pañcadaśyām
nivṛttiḥ | tathā ca magadhāsu āṣāḍhe kṛṣṇapratipadaḥ samāmāsadivasānām pravṛttiḥ, āṣāḍhasitapañcadaśyām nivṛttiḥ | tathā ca arthaśāstre api abhihitam ã "triśatam sacatuṣpañcāśatam ahorātrāṇām karma sāṃvatsaraḥ, tam āṣāḍhīparyavasānam ūnam pūrṇam vā dadyāt" iti | siṃharājena sahasrākṣare nibaddham ã
ravyudaye laṅkāyām āṣāḍhīpaurṇamāsyām tu somadine |
kṛtakṛtavarṣaiḥ yātaiḥ śakendrakālāt yugasya ādiḥ ||
iti |
yugādīnām caitraśuklādeḥ pravṛttyabhidhānam siddham eva etat |
idānām praṣṭavyam ã siṃharājena na śuklāntaḥ māsaḥ svatantre pratipāditaḥ, tathā ca loke śuklāntaḥ eva prasiddhaḥ, horāyām api ã
candrayutāt navabhāgāt māsaḥ śuklāntanāmasamaḥ |
iti |
atra ucyate ã yat tu siṃharājena abhihitam tat svābhiprāyeṇa adhikamāsakāvamānām yugapat pravṛttatvāt āṣāḍhapaurṇamāsī [taḥ ārabhya caturdaśī] paryantāvasānam saṃvatsaraḥ iti parikalpitaḥ | yadi api ucyate "śuklāntaḥ māsaḥ loke prasiddhaḥ" iti, tat na | nanu sarveṣu eva deśeṣu māsāḥ | santi ca deśāḥ kṛṣṇāntamāsavyavahārāḥ surāṣṭraprabhṛtayaḥ | yat api ucyate ã
candrayutāt navabhāgāt māsaḥ śuklāntanāmasamaḥ |
iti, asya api anyaḥ eva arthaḥ | candrayutāt navabhāgāt praṣṭuḥ māsaḥ vācyaḥ | [sa śuklāntena] nāmnā sadṛśaḥ | śuklānte [na] hi māsasya nāmaparijñānam | kṛttikāsu yuktaḥ candramā asmin sati kārtikaḥ māsaḥ iti ādi |
anyat ca ã śuklāntena māsena na kadācit api mīnameṣasandhau māsasya varṣasya vā ante grahāḥ syuḥ |
atra āha yavaneśvaraḥ ã
māse tu śuklapratipatpravṛtte pūrve śaśī mandabalaḥ daśāhe |
iti śuklādiḥ māsaḥ | yadā punar śuklādiḥ māsaḥ tadā punar śrutyarthaḥ anuṣṭhitaḥ bhavati | evam hi śrutau paṭhyate ã
eṣā hi vai saṃvatsarasya prathamā rātriḥ yat phālgunī paurṇamāsī yā uttarā |
iti | [yadi] kṛṣṇa[pratipad]ādiḥ māsaḥ syāt, tadā katham iyam uttarā paurṇamāsī phālgunī bhavati, yat uta tat caitramāsaḥ syāt ? kutaḥ? phālgunyām paurṇamāsyām phālgunaḥ māsaḥ pūrṇaḥ, tadā uttarā paurṇamāsī caitra[māsasya], pratipatkṛṣṇāditvāt māsasya | tataḥ manyāmahe na adya api phālgunaḥ māsaḥ samāpyate iti | yasmāt āha ã
phālgunī paurṇamāsī yā uttarā |
iti |
anyat ca ã
[ yā asau] vaiśākhasya amāvāsyā tasyām agnim ādadhīta, sā rohiṇyā sampadyate |
[śatapatha-brāhmaṇam, 11.1.1.7]
iti |
yadi śuklāntaḥ māsaḥ parikalpyate tadā na vaiśākhasya amāvāsyāyām rohiṇyā candramasaḥ yogaḥ vidyate | yasmāt caitrapaurṇamāsyām citrāyām somaḥ yujyate, tasyām caitryām vyatītāyām vaiśākhapratipat | tataḥ ca svātyādiṣu nakṣatreṣu pratipat [prabhṛti] gaṇyamānā amāvāsyā bharaṇyā yujyate, na rohiṇyā | atha candragativiśeṣāt iti [cet, na] | nakṣatrārdhasya sakalasya vā hrāsavṛddhī bhavataḥ, na nakṣatradvayasya | śuklādau punar māse vaiśākhapaurṇamāsyām
vyatītāyām vaiśākhasya eva amāvāsyā bhaviṣyati | tataḥ kṛṣṇapakṣapratipatprabhṛtyanurādhādiṣu gaṇyamānāsu rohiṇyā amāvāsyāyāḥ ca yogaḥ saṃbhavati |
anyat ca ã
saḥ aparapakṣe apa oṣadhīḥ praviśati |
iti |
śatapatha [11.1.5.3] evam paṭhyate | tatra aparapakṣaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ, [na] śuklaḥ | anyat ca smārtavacanam ã
aparapakṣe śrāddham kurvīta ūrdhvam vā caturthyāḥ |
iti atra kṛṣṇādi[māsatvāt] pūrvapakṣaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ, aparaḥ śuklaḥ | aparatvāt śuklapakṣasya śuklapakṣe eva śrāddhavidhiḥ prāpnoti na kṛṣṇe, iṣyate ca śukle [tare], tasmāt śuklādiḥ māsaḥ iti | tataḥ "yugavarṣamāsadivasāḥ samam pravṛttāḥ tu caitraśuklādeḥ" iti |
atra utprekṣitapūrvapakṣaḥ draṣṭavyaḥ | yugādīnām caitra[śuklāditaḥ pravṛtti]tvāt kālasya ādimattāprasaṅgaḥ iti āha ã kālaḥ ayam anādyantaḥ | ayam kālaḥ asmābhiḥ yugādiḥ abhihitaḥ, caitraśuklādeḥ pravṛttaḥ iti | na asya antaḥ na asya ādiḥ | vyavahārārtham ādiḥ antaḥ ca parikalpitaḥ | yadi kālasya ādiḥ syāt tataḥ kim syāt? āha ã saṃsārasya ādimattā prāpnoti, iṣyate ca anādiḥ saṃsāraḥ iti | tasmāt yuktam "kālaḥ ayam anādyantaḥ" iti |
katham punar asya ādiḥ vyavahārārtham parikalpitaḥ iti āha ã grahabhaiḥ anumīyate kṣetre | grahāḥ ca bhāni ca grahabhāni | taiḥ grahabhaiḥ anumīyate ādiḥ antaḥ ca | "māṅ māne" [pāṇinīyadhātupāṭhaḥ 1143] iti ayam dhātuḥ dhūmāt agnyanumānam iti atra māne vartate | atra punar grahabhaiḥ anumīyate iti mānārthaḥ eva | vrīhyādirāśayaḥ prasthādibhiḥ anumīyante, kuṅkumādayaḥ vā palādibhiḥ, evam grahabhaiḥ iti | yadā sarve eva grahāḥ yugapat
mīnameṣasandhau kṣitisaṃyuktāḥ tadā yugasya ādiḥ iti | kaḥ bhuvaḥ grahasya ca yogaḥ, dvayoḥ atyantaviprakṛṣṭayoḥ? na eṣaḥ doṣaḥ | mukhyasya yogasya asaṃbhavāt gauṇaḥ yogaḥ parigṛhyate | yatra bhūlagnaḥ iva grahaḥ lakṣyate sa bhūgrahayoḥ yogaḥ | sa ca udayāstamayayoḥ saṃbhavati iti udayāstamayayoḥ vā parigṛhyate |
anye punar anyathā vyāvarṇayanti ã grahabhaiḥ anumīyate iti | grahaiḥ ca nakṣatraiḥ ca kālasya ādiḥ antaḥ ca parikalpyate | tat yathā ã
udeti yasmin nakṣatre pravāsopagataḥ aṅgirāḥ |

tasmāt saṃvatsaraḥ māsāt bārhaspatyaḥ pragaṇyatām || iti |
bṛhaspaticāravaśāt kālasya ādiḥ parikalpitaḥ | loke ca evam vaktāraḥ bhavanti ã "svātau udite prasthāsyāmahe udayaḥ " iti, "śukre astam gate prasthitaḥ" iti, "adya kṛttikāsu madhyasthitāsu dārukaḥ [gataḥ]" iti ādi | kṣetre | kṣetram bhagolaḥ, tasmin bhagole, nakṣatragrahacāravaśāt ādiḥ antaḥ ca parikalpitaḥ

[ grahāṇām samagatitvam ]
grahāṇām samagatipratipādanāya āha ã
ṣaṣṭyā sūryābdānām prapūrayanti grahāḥ bhapariṇāham |
divyena nabhaḥparidhim samam bhramantaḥ svakakṣyāsu

ṣaṣṭyā sūryābdānām ādityavarṣāṇām ṣaṣṭyā grahāḥ nakṣatrakakṣyām prapūrayanti, nakṣatrakakṣyātulyāni yojanāni svāsu svāsu kakṣyāsu gacchanti iti arthaḥ | [kiyadyojanāni] punar nakṣatrakakṣyāyām grahāḥ sūryābdānām ṣaṣṭyā pūrayanti? ucyate ã vasuviyadambarākāśarasayamatriśailacandrāḥ [173260008] | na etat asmābhiḥ nakṣatrakakṣyāpramāṇam dṛṣṭam | kim tarhi? kā eṣā pratipāditā iti? ucyate ã "bhavāṃśe arkaḥ" [gītikāí, 6] iti | atra katham
punar etena eva nakṣatrakakṣyātulyāni yojanāni gacchanti iti ucyate? yadi khyughṛ-tulyaiḥ arkavarṣaiḥ svān-svān bhagaṇān grahāḥ bhuñjante [tadā] ṣaṣṭyā sūryābdaiḥ kiyantaḥ iti | ṣaṣṭibhāgena api ṣaṣṭyā ekaḥ, punar ṣaṣṭibhāgena ete[ṣām] khyughṛ-tulyānām arkavarṣāṇām dvāsaptatisahasrāṇi | evam yathābhāgena avinaṣṭarāśayaḥ sthāpyāḥ | tataḥ punar api ã yadi ekena bhagaṇena pratisvakakṣyā labhyate [tadā] ṣaṣṭyabdabhogena kā iti sarvagrahebhyaḥ nakṣatrakakṣyā
labhyate |
divyena nabhaḥparidhim | divi bhavam divyam, yugam iti arthaḥ | katham punar divyaśabdena yugam abhidhīyate? yasmāt divi sañcaratām grahāṇām ekatra yogaḥ bhavati, ataḥ [divyam yugam uktam tena] divyena nabhaḥparidhim | nabhasaḥ paridhiḥ nabhaḥparidhiḥ, ākāśakakṣyā iti arthaḥ | katham idam ucyate? nanu ca viyat aparimitayojanapramāṇam iti śrūyate | tasya parimitayojanapramāṇam katham kakṣyā bhavet? ucyate ã viyat asmākam yāvat
divasakaramarīcinidhānam avabhāsayati tāvat viyat iti | ataḥ param ākāśam aprameyam iti | atra khakakṣyābhidhānena etat pratipādayati, iyatpramāṇam viyadarkamarīcayaḥ prāpnuvanti iti |
samam bhramantaḥ | tulyayā [gatyā] bhramantaḥ iti arthaḥ | yāvanti yojanāni svakakṣyāyām śaśī saṃcarati tāvanti eva yojanāni ārkiḥ api svakakṣyāyām sañcarati | tat yathā ã yadi ekena bhagaṇena svakakṣyā labhyate [tadā] yugabhagaṇaiḥ kim iti khakakṣyā labhyate | athavā ã ṣaṣṭyabdabhogena nakṣatrakakṣyā labhyate svaiḥ yugabhagaṇaiḥ kim iti khakakṣyā labhyate | evam yojanagatena grahāḥ tulyagatayaḥ | kakṣyātaḥ grahāṇām madhyamānayanam ã yadi
[yuga]bhūdinaiḥ sarve eva svāsu kakṣyāsu samagatyā bhramantaḥ [kha]kakṣyātulyāni yojanāni prayānti, ekena ahnā kiyanti iti sarvagrahāṇām yojanagatā dinabhuktiḥ labhyate iti, khakakṣyāyām bhūdinaiḥ bhāge hṛte yojanagatā grahāṇām dinabhuktiḥ labhyate | tayā trairāśikam bhaṅktvā madhyamagrahāḥ ānīyante ã yadi svakakṣyāyojanaiḥ bhagaṇaḥ labhyate tadā gatiyojanaiḥ kim iti āhnikī bhuktiḥ labhyate, tataḥ punar api ã yadi ekena ahnā bhuktiḥ labhyate ahargaṇena
kim iti | atra ekaḥ pūrvatrairāśike guṇakāraḥ, [apare bhāgahāraḥ |] ataḥ guṇakārabhāgahārayoḥ tulyatvāt naṣṭayoḥ ahargaṇasya dina[gati]yojanāni guṇakāraḥ sthitaḥ, [svakakṣyāyojanāni bhāgahāraḥ, labdhiḥ] bhagaṇādayaḥ | [uktam ca] ã
ambarakakṣyā bhūdinahṛtā phalam tatra yojanāni teṣu |
gatāhasaṃguṇiteṣu svagrahakakṣyāptabhagaṇādyam ||
iti | a[thavā khakakṣyā]hargaṇasaṃvarge svakakṣyābhūdinasaṃvargahṛte bhagaṇādayaḥ bhavanti

[grahāṇām samagatitvena kakṣyāvyavasthā ]
samagatyā pravṛttagrahakakṣyāvyavasthāpradarśanārtham āha ã
maṇḍalam alpam adhastāt kālena alpena pūrayati candraḥ |
upariṣṭāt sarveṣām mahat ca mahatā śanaiḥ cārī

maṇḍalam alpam adhastāt | sarveṣām adhaḥ vyavasthitam maṇḍalam alpam alpe[na kālena pūraya]ti candramāḥ | adhastāt iti anena eva maṇḍalasya alpatvasiddhiḥ, alpam iti etat na vaktavyam | katham adhastāt iti etāvati ucyamāne maṇḍalasya alpatvam gamyate? ucyate ã upari upari kakṣyāḥ vyavasthitāḥ | tāsām upari upari vyavasthitānām adhaḥ yā vyavasthitā sā sarvatanīyasī | tasmāt adhastāt [induḥ] syāt | na etat asti | "bhānām adhaḥ śanaiḥ cara" [kālakriyāí,
15] iti atra kakṣyāṇām upari upari vyavasthitim vakṣyati | nanu ca anye bruvate ã sarveṣām upari candramasaḥ kakṣyā iti | [tat ayuktam |] sarveṣām grahāṇām adhaḥ candrakakṣyā iti āha | yadi upari syāt tadā candrasya grahanakṣatrabhede sphuṭakalaṅkahariṇe grahanakṣatra[tārāḥ dṛśyeran] | sūryavaśāt yadi upari candraḥ syāt tadā sūryeṇa ārāt vyavasthitena sadā candramasoḥ api svasya ārāt bhāgam akhaṇḍam dṛśyeta, uparisthitaḥ [na upalakṣyate] | tasmāt sarveṣām
adhaḥ candramāḥ |
anye punar sugata[matā]valambinaḥ sūryācandramasoḥ ekām kakṣyām ācakṣate ã
ardhena meroḥ candrārkau pañcāśatsaika[yojanau] |
ardharātraḥ astagamanam madhyāhnaḥ udayaḥ sakṛt || iti ||
na evam yujyate | yadi pañcāśat yojanāni candraḥ, ekapañcāśat [yojanāni] sūryaḥ tadā kim iti sūryaḥ [na] mahān upalabhyate, tulyau etau [ardho]ditau ardhāstamitau paurṇamāsyām lakṣyete? atha vidūratvāt arkaḥ na mahān upalakṣyate iti cet na | tarhi mandarārdhe sūryācandramasoḥ dūrībhūtaḥ arkaḥ | anyat ca tulyakakṣyāvyavasthitatvāt sūryācandramasoḥ sūryagrahaṇam na eva syāt | na ca candramasam muktvā anyaḥ rāhuḥ asti yena savitā chādyate | yadi api adhaḥ candraḥ
syāt tathā api mahattvāt sūryabimbasya na eva arkaḥ sakalaḥ chādyate | na eva arkaḥ candreṇa chādyate iti cet tat api uttaratra vyākhyāsyate |
kālena alpena pūrayati candraḥ | alpena stokena kālena pūrayati | kim? tat alpam maṇḍalam adhaḥ vyavasthitam | upariṣṭāt sarveṣām maṇḍalānām mahat maṇḍalam mahatā kālena śanaiḥ caraḥ pūrayati | etau alpamahatkakṣyāmaṇḍalaparimāṇau grahau uddiṣṭau, anyeṣām ca [maṇḍalāni svabuddhyā vijñeyāni] | tat yathā ã candramāḥ divasasaṅkhyayā saptaviṃśatyā sārdhaikayā maṇḍalam gacchati, budhaśukraravayaḥ kiñcit ūnena varṣeṇa, bhaumaḥ kiñcit ūnena
varṣadva[yena, guruḥ] tu varṣaiḥ dvādaśabhiḥ kiñcit ūnaiḥ, śanaiścaraḥ tu triṃśatā varṣaiḥ kiñcit ūnaiḥ iti | evam ete bhinnakakṣyāsthāḥ yojanagatena tulyagatayaḥ grahāḥ vyākhyātāḥ |
atha yadi tulyakakṣyāsthāḥ yojanagatena tulyagatayaḥ eva syuḥ tadā eteṣām yugādeḥ saṃpravṛttānām na kadācit viyogaḥ syāt | atha [yadi] yojanagatena ete bhinnagatayaḥ syuḥ tadā eteṣām bhuktiliptānayane yojanaiḥ yathāsvam prasiddhabhuktiliptāḥ na āgaccheyuḥ | tasmāt bhinnakakṣyāsthāḥ api grahāḥ yojanagatena tulyagatayaḥ eva iti

[ bhinnakakṣyāsu rāśyādīnām alpamahattvam ]
kakṣyāṇām alpamahattvāt rāśibhāgaliptāḥ bahvyaḥ alpāḥ iti sandehaḥ tannivṛttyartham āha ã
alpe hi maṇḍale alpāḥ mahati mahāntaḥ ca rāśayaḥ jñeyāḥ |
aṃśāḥ kalāḥ tathā evam vibhāgatulyāḥ svakakṣyāsu

alpe maṇḍale alpāḥ rāśayaḥ mahati maṇḍale mahāntaḥ, evam aṃśāḥ kalāḥ ca, kevalam tu vibhāgena sadṛśāḥ | tat yathā ã alpe mahati ca maṇḍale maṇḍaladvādaśabhāgaḥ rāśiḥ, ṣaṣṭiśatatrayabhāgaḥ bhāgaḥ, khakhaṣaḍghanabhāgaḥ liptāḥ iti, svāsu svāsu kakṣyāsu jyotiścakrasya tulyatvāt

[ grahakakṣyāvasthitikramaḥ ]
kakṣyāṇām upari adhaḥ ava[sthiti]kramaparijñānāya āha ã
bhānām adhaḥ śanaiścarasuragurubhaumārkaśukrabudhacandrāḥ |
eṣām adhaḥ ca bhūmiḥ medhībhūtā khamadhyasthā

bhāni jyotīṃṣi, aśvinyādīni | teṣām adhaḥ śanaiścaraḥ, tasya api adhaḥ bṛhaspatiḥ, tataḥ aṅgārakaḥ iti ādi | eṣām adhaḥ ca bhūmiḥ | eṣām nakṣatrādīnām bhūḥ adhaḥ | medhībhūtā | atra "bhūta"-śabdaḥ bahuṣu artheṣu vartamānaḥ iva arthe pratipattavyaḥ | medhī iva sthitā | khamadhyasthā | kham ākāśam tasya madhyam khamadhyam, tasmin sthitā khamadhyasthā | eṣām adhaḥ ca bhūmiḥ iti | atra ucyate ã yadā dṛśye
cakrārdhe grahanakṣatrāṇi, tadā teṣām adhaḥ bhūmiḥ | yadā ataḥ anyeṣu grahanakṣatrāṇi smararipusutahibukasahajadhaneṣu vartante tadā katham adhaḥ bhūḥ, yat uta upari syāt | na evam vijñāyate | yasmāt sarveṣām asmadādīnām bhūḥ adhaḥ, upari ca ākāśaḥ, [tasmāt] sarvadā grahāḥ upari, bhūḥ adhaḥ | vakṣyati ca ã
yadvat kadambapuṣpagranthaḥ pracitaḥ samantataḥ kusumaiḥ |
tadvat hi sarvasattvaiḥ jalajaiḥ sthalajaiḥ ca bhūgolaḥ || iti |
[golaí, 7]
[anye tu imām kalpanām] dūravipratipannām, bhagaṇaśanaiḥcarabṛhaspatikujaravisitabudhaniśākarān uparyuparivyavasthitān tulya[gatikān manyante | tat yathā ã yā]vat alpamaṇḍalam bhāni bhramanti, tāvat mahānti maṇḍalāni śanaiścarādayaḥ [na] śaknuvanti pūrayitum iti pṛṣṭhataḥ lakṣyante, yathākakṣyā[maṇḍalakrameṇa] iti | atra parihāraḥ prāk pradarśitaḥ ã yadi upari syāt tadā candrasya grahanakṣatrabhede sphuṭakalaṅkahariṇe grahanakṣatratārāḥ
kṛśyeran [pṛí 212] iti ādinā granthena |
anye manyante ã tulyakakṣyāsthāḥ eva bhagaṇaśanaiścarabṛhaspatikujaravisitabudhaniśākarāḥ | kintu yathākrameṇa śīghragatayaḥ | ataḥ drutagatibhiḥ nakṣatraiḥ īṣamandagatiḥ īṣat jīyate, atimandagatiḥ tu dūrāt iti | īṣanmandagatitvāt śanaiścaraḥ iṣat jīyate, atimandagatitvāt candramāḥ [dū]ram iti | atra api yadi prāṅmukhāḥ grahādayaḥ tadā prāṅmukhaiḥ drutagatibhiḥ nakṣatraiḥ jīyamānaḥ aśvinyām dṛṣṭaḥ revatyām upalakṣyeta, na bharaṇyām | vakrakāle
api ca, pratilomagatitvāt aśvinyām dṛṣṭaḥ bharaṇyām eva upalakṣyeta | atha ete grahādayaḥ aparābhimukhāḥ kalpyante, tathā api vakrakāle aśvinyām dṛṣṭaḥ pratilomagatitvāt bharaṇyām upalakṣyeta | tulyakakṣyāvyavasthitānām ca lambanaviśeṣaḥ na syāt | anyat ca ã anyonyabimbacchādanam na syāt | grahoparāgaḥ api ca tulyakakṣyāvyavasthitatvāt na yujyate | tasmāt "bhānām adhaḥ śanaiścaraḥ" iti ādi suṣṭhu uktam

[ kālahorādinādhipatijñānam ]
kālahorādinādhipatijñāpanāya āha ã
sapta ete horeśāḥ śanaiścarādyāḥ yathākramam śīghrāḥ |
śīghrakramāt caturthāḥ bhavanti sūryodayāt dinapāḥ

ete grahāḥ śanaiścarādayaḥ tulyagatayaḥ api santaḥ yathākrameṇa śīghrāḥ lakṣyante, maṇḍalānām yathākrameṇa alpatvāt | te eva horeśāḥ yathākrameṇa | tat yathā ã śanaiścarasya kālahorāyām nivṛttāyām bṛhaspateḥ kālahorā, tataḥ aṅgārakasya, tataḥ raveḥ iti ādi | evam sūryodayāt prabhṛti yāvat sūryasya ardhāstamayaḥ iti dvādaśa kālahorāḥ | tataḥ ca ardhāstamayāt ardhodayaḥ iti punar dvādaśa | evam ahorātre caturviṃśatikālahorāḥ | kālahorā hi nāma lagnarāśeḥ
ardhodayasya kālaḥ | sā ca divase divase divasādhipātaḥ prabhṛti pratipattavyā | uktam ca sphujidhvajayavaneśvareṇa ã
ādityaśukrendujacandrasaurajīvāvaneyāḥ syuḥ aharniśāsu |
horeśvarāḥ taddivasādhipādikrameṇa tāḥ tatra caturguṇāḥ ṣaṭ ||
evam divasādhipāt sūryodayāt gaṇyamānāt uttaradivasasya adhipāt eva ardhodayāt śīghrakramāt caturthaḥ, yaḥ śīghrakramaḥ abhihitaḥ "bhānām adhaḥ śanaiścaraḥ" iti ādi tasmāt caturthaḥ divasādhipatiḥ | tat yathā ã śanaiścarāt caturthaḥ sūryaḥ divasādhipatiḥ, sūryāt somaḥ caturthaḥ, somāt aṅgārakaḥ iti ādi | evam anena krameṇa māsādhipāḥ abdādhipāḥ ca avagantavyāḥ | katham? [māsasya varṣasya ca yaḥ] prathamadivase adhipaḥ sa māsādhipaḥ varṣādhipaḥ ca
| sūryodayāt dinapāḥ | sūryasya udayaḥ sūryodayaḥ | yadi api śeṣeṇa uktaḥ sūryodayaśeṣeṇa ardhodayaḥ pratipattavyaḥ | kutaḥ? idam bimbāvayavābhidhāne api tadavayavapramāṇasya mānakālāvadhāraṇāśakyatvāt ardhodayasya ca vyaktalakṣaṇatvāt suparicchedanayā ardhodayaḥ āśriyate | athavā anirdiṣṭeṣu vastuṣu madhyamapratipatteḥ ardhodayāt ārabhya punar ardhodayaḥ iti |
atra kecit ardhāstamayāt vārapravṛttim manyante | tat ca ayuktam | yasmāt uktam ã
āsīt idam tamobhūtam aprajñātam alakṣaṇam |
apratarkyam avijñeyam prasuptam iva sarvataḥ ||
[manusmṛtiḥ, 1.5]
atra janapadajyotiścakrābhāvāt na vārādivyavahāraḥ sañjātaḥ | yadā protpannaḥ sahasrakiraṇaḥ tadā prabhṛti vārādivyavahāraḥ sañjātaḥ iti | ataḥ suṣṭhu uktam sūryodayāt dinapāḥ iti

[ pratimaṇḍalavidhinā grahagatinirūpaṇam ]
ete grahāḥ kasmin maṇḍale bhramanti iti [na jñāyate] ataḥ tannirūpaṇāya āha ã
kakṣyāpratimaṇḍalagāḥ bhramanti sarve grahāḥ svacāreṇa |
mandoccāt anulomam pratilomam ca eva śīghhroccāt

kakṣyāyāḥ pratimaṇḍalam kakṣyāpratimaṇḍalam, tat gacchanti iti kakṣyāpratimaṇḍalagāḥ | athavā kakṣyā ca pratimaṇḍalam ca kakṣyāpratimaṇḍale, te gacchanti iti kakṣyāpratimaṇḍalagāḥ | atra kakṣyāgāḥ madhyamāḥ grahāḥ, sphuṭāḥ [prati]maṇḍalagāḥ | athavā kakṣyāpratimaṇḍalayoḥ yatra sampātaḥ sa kakṣyāpratimaṇḍalaśabdena ucyate | tam gacchanti iti kakṣyāpratimaṇḍalagāḥ | atra anekatvāt vigrahayogasya, katamaḥ vigrahaḥ parigṛhyate iti sandehe
ucyate ã kakṣyā ca pratimaṇḍalam ca kakṣyāpratimaṇḍale | te gacchanti iti kakṣyāpratimaṇḍalagāḥ, iti ayam parigṛhyate | katham? iṣṭatvāt śeṣavigrahārthavācakatvāt ca atra iṣyate | kakṣyāgāḥ madhyamāḥ grahāḥ yasmāt tulyabhuktayaḥ, pratimaṇḍalagāḥ sphuṭagrahāḥ yataḥ sasadṛśabhuktayaḥ |
atha ke te madhyamāḥ, ke vā sphuṭāḥ grahāḥ? nanu ca ekaḥ eva sūryaḥ, ekaḥ eva candramāḥ, ekaḥ eva aṅgārakaḥ iti ādi | madhyamasphuṭatāyām parigṛhyamāṇāyām grahadvayam prāpnoti | na evam vijñāyate madhyamaḥ grahaḥ sphuṭaḥ grahaḥ iti | katham tarhi? madhyamagrahaśabdena madhyamagrahasya grahagatiḥ abhidhīyate, sphuṭagrahaśabdena ca sphuṭagrahagatiḥ iti? tat yathā ã kaścit sāṃvatsaram pṛcchati ã "kaḥ savitā" iti, sa tasmā āha ã rāśiḥ
ekaḥ pañcadaśa bhāgāḥ triṃśat liptāḥ iti | tatra yaḥ paripṛcchati yaḥ ca ācaṣṭe tayoḥ ubhayoḥ abhi[prāya]dvayaprasaṅgaḥ | na eṣa doṣaḥ | yā madhyamā gatiḥ sā sphuṭagatisādhanasya upāyaḥ | anyathā aniyatatvāt sphuṭagatiḥ aśakyā syāt vijñātum | evam eva ca [madhyamagrahaḥ] pratimaṇḍalaparijñānārtham parikalpitaḥ | yat asya grahasya vyāsārdhatulyam bhūtārāgrahavivaram sa tasmāt pradeśāt prabhṛti kakṣyāmaṇḍalasya upari adhaḥ vā avatiṣṭhate |
atha kaḥ asau ayam pradeśaḥ? ucyate ã yadā tṛtīye karmaṇi dvitīye pade mandoccakendram rāśitrayam dvau bhāgau pañcāśat liptāḥ, tadā bṛhaspateḥ mandoccakarṇaḥ vyāsārdhatulyaḥ | caturthe karmaṇi yadā śīghroccakendram rāśitrayam pañcabhāgāḥ viṃśatiḥ ca kalā, tadā vyāsārdhatulyaḥ śīghroccakarṇaḥ | atra vyāsārdhatulyam bhūtārāgrahavivaram | asmāt pradeśāt prabhṛti bhūtārāgrahavivaram pratidinam apacīyate | anayā yuktyā śeṣāṇām api grahāṇām
vyāsārdhatulyam bhūtārāgrahavivaram ūhyam |
bhramanti sarve grahāḥ svacāreṇa iti etat nigadavyākhyānam eva | mandoccāt anulomam | "mandoccāt" iti hetau pañcamī | tena mandoccāt hetoḥ anulomam iti vyākhyāyate, yasmāt na mandocce vakraparijñānam | pratilomam ca eva śīghroccāt | śīghroccāt hetoḥ pratilomam, yasmāt śīghrocce vakraparijñānam | katham punar śīghrocce vakraparijñānam? ucyate ã yadā śīghroccakendram dvitīyapade tadā sarve grahāḥ vakriṇaḥ bhavanti, yadā ca tṛtīyapade śīghroccakendram
tadā anuvakragatayaḥ | uktam ca ã
grahonaśīghragraheṣu kṛtaṣaḍvasuṣu kramāt |
bhavet vakrātivakrā ca tathā anukuṭilā gatiḥ ||
iti | sūkṣmataraḥ [ca ayam] vidhiḥ iti | ucyate ã yadā adyatanāt grahāt śvastanaḥ grahaḥ tulyaḥ bhavati tadā vakraprārambhaḥ | athavā hyastanāt grahāt adyatanaḥ grahaḥ tulyaḥ tadā api vakraprārambhaḥ | yadā adyatanāt tṛtīyapade śvastanaḥ grahaḥ adhikaḥ tadā vakrasya nivṛttiḥ | athavā hyastanāt grahāt adyatanaḥ grahaḥ adhikaḥ tṛtīyapade tadā api vakrasya nivṛttiḥ | yadā grahaḥ bahvīḥ liptāḥ nivartate tadā ativakragatiḥ |
katham punar idam vidhānam śīghroccāt eva gaṇakaḥ prajānate, na punar mandoccāt iti? ucyate ã yasmāt sūryavaśāt grahāṇām udayāstamayavakrānuvakrāḥ gatayaḥ | yadi evam atra katham budhaśukrayoḥ anyat śīghroccam, [madhyaḥ] sūryaḥ | atra api sūryavaśāt eva tayoḥ udayāstamayaparijñānam | vakragatiḥ tu ekatvāt upāyāntareṇa vijñāyate | athavā uccanīcamadhyamaparidhiḥ iti evamādisphuṭagatisādhanopāya[bhūtānām ca] upāyānām na [eva niyamo]ktiḥ
vā vidyate | kevalam tu upeyasādhakāḥ upāyāḥ | tasmāt iyam sarvā prakriyā asatyā, yayā grahāṇām sphuṭagatiḥ sādhyate | [evam ca paramārthajijñāsubhiḥ asatyopāye]na satyam pratipadyate | tathā hi bhiṣajaḥ hi utpalanālādiṣu vadhādīni abhyasyante | nāpitāḥ piṭharādiṣu muṇḍanādīni, yajñaśāstravidaḥ śu[ṣkeṣṭyā] yajñādīni, śābdikāḥ prakṛtipratyayavikārāgamavarṇalopavyatyayādibhiḥ śabdān pratijānate | evam atra api
madhyamamandoccaśīghroccatatparidhijyākāṣṭhabhujākoṭikarṇādi-vyavahāreṇa sāṃvatsarāḥ grahāṇām sphuṭagatim pratijānate | tasmāt upāyeṣu asatyeṣu satyapratipādanapareṣu na codyam asti |
atha kim artham ime grahāḥ pratidinam bhrāmyanti | atha ca loke kaścit bhraman kāraṇena bhramati | anyat ca ã na evaṃvidhaḥ kaścit dṛśyate anavaratagatiḥ yathā ime tārāgrahāḥ bhramanti iti dṛṣṭāntatvena udāharaṇabhūtaḥ iti | ucyate ã sarvādau kila bhagavān prajāpatiḥ grahān uktavān yat "bhavantaḥ meṣādigaṇeṣu prajānām śubhāśubhaphalāya bhrāmyata" iti | uktam ca sphujidhvajayavaneśvareṇa ã
prajāḥ sisṛkṣuḥ kila viśvadhātā
prajāpatiḥ prāgvratam ācacāra |
sa dvādaśāṅgaprabhavam svadeham
sṛṣṭvā āditaḥ vai bhagaṇam sasarja ||
tebhyaḥ sa meṣādigaṇān prajajñe
tebhyaḥ ca tadbhedavikalpataḥ anyān |
ataḥ bhavargasya vibhuḥ praṇetā
prajābhavābhāvavidhīśvaratvam || iti ādi |
athavā śabdena arthānumānam kriyate | śrūyante ca śabdāḥ ye ca apare atra gativācakāḥ | tat yathā ã "pathaḥ ṣkan" [aṣṭādhyāyī, 5.1.75] iti vartamāne "panthaḥ ṇa nityam" [aṣṭādhyāyī, 5.1.76] iti anena nityam panthānam gacchati iti asmin arthe pānthaḥ iti ayam śabdaḥ | atra loke na kaścit adhvānam anavaratam gacchan dṛśyate, tasmāt amī eva grahāḥ pānthāḥ | na ca ayam śabdaḥ asatsvārtheṣu śaśaviṣāṇakūrmaromavandhyāputraśabdavat pravṛttaḥ | tasmāt
suṣṭhu ucyate śabdena arthānumānam pānthāḥ grahāḥ iti |
athavā ayam aparaḥ prakāraḥ | mandoccāt anulomam pratilomam ca eva śīghroccāt | mandoccāt yataḥ mandoccakendrāt pratimaṇḍalavidhānena ānītam phalam pratyaham upacīyate | kva? anyasya aśrutatvāt mandocce eva | tasmāt mandoccāt anulomam | pratilomam ca eva śīghroccāt | yasmāt pratimaṇḍalavidhānena ānītam phalam sarvadā apacīyate | kutaḥ? anyasya aśṛutatvāt śīghroccāt eva | tasmāt "pratilomam ca eva śīghroccāt" iti

[ pratimaṇḍalavidhānam ]
sphuṭāḥ pratimaṇḍale bhramanti iti uktam, ataḥ tajjñāpanāya āha ã
kakṣyāmaṇḍalatulyam svam svam pratimaṇḍalam bhavati eṣām |
pratimaṇḍalasya madhyam ghanabhūmadhyāt atikrāntam

kakṣyāmaṇḍalatulyam | kakṣyāmaṇḍalena tulyam kakṣyāmaṇḍalatulyam | kakṣyāmaṇḍalapramāṇam "śaśirāśayaṣṭha cakram" [gītikāí, 6] iti etasmin sūtre vyākhyātam | svam svam pratimaṇḍalam ātmīyam ātmīyam pratimaṇḍalam, bhavati | eṣām grahāṇām | pratimaṇḍalasya madhyam | yat madhyam kendram tat ghanabhūmadhyāt atikrāntam | ghanāḥ ca asau bhūḥ ca ghanabhūḥ, tasyāḥ ghanabhuvaḥ madhyam ghanabhūmadhyam, tasmāt ghanabhūmadhyāt,
atikrāntam nirgatam uparisthitam iti arthaḥ | tat yathā ã yāvat pramāṇaparikalpitam ṣaṣṭiśatatrayāṃśāvacchinnam kakṣyāmaṇḍalam pūrvāparam ūrdhvam vinyasya, tādṛś eva anyat maṇḍalam upari adhaḥ kakṣyāmaṇḍalāt vakṣyamāṇena antareṇa pūrvāparayoḥ diśoḥ yatra sampātaḥ tatra yat badhyate gole tatpratimaṇḍalam nāma | evam ete kakṣyāpratimaṇḍale vyākhyāte

[ nīcoccavṛttividhinā grahagatipratipādanam ]
kakṣyāpratimaṇḍalāntarapratipādanārtham āha ã
pratimaṇḍalabhūvivaram vyāsārdham svoccanīcavṛttasya |
vṛttaparidhau grahāḥ te madhyamacārāt bhramanti evam

pratimaṇḍalasya bhūmaṇḍalasya ca vivaram pratimaṇḍalabhūvivaram | vyāsārdham svoccanīcavṛttasya | uccavṛttam nīcavṛttam ca uccanīcavṛttam, svasya uccanīcavṛttam svoccanīcavṛttam, tasya svoccanīcavṛttasya vyāsārdham pratimaṇḍalabhūvivaram | tat yathā ã "jhārdhāni mandavṛttam" iti adhikṛtya "śaśinaḥ cha" [gītikāí, 10] iti sapta śaśinaḥ jhārdhāni uccanīccavṛttam, sārdhaikatriṃśadbhāgapramāṇam iti arthaḥ | yasya yat vyāsārdham tat trairāśikagaṇitena
siddham | yadi "caturadhikam śatam aṣṭaguṇam" [gaṇitaí, 10] iti evamādeḥ paridheḥ ayutatulyam vyāsārdham labhyate tadā sārdhaikatriṃśadbhāgapramāṇasya paridheḥ kim iti labdham bhāgāḥ pañca, liptā ca ardhādhikena ekā | sūryasya api trīṇi jhārdhāni mandavṛttam, sārdhatrayodaśabhāgapramāṇam, tasya ca trairāśikena svavṛttaviṣkambhārdham labdham bhāgadvayam, ardhādhikena nava liptāḥ | athavā ã yadi ṣaṣṭiśatatraya[bhāgamita]paridheḥ [vasutrikṛtavahniliptāmitam]
vyāsārdham labhyate tadā uccanīcaparidheḥ kim iti labdham candrasya uccanīcavyāsārdham liptātriśatī sārdhādhikarūpā | evam sūryasya api śatam ekonatriṃśaduttaram [sārdham] | tatra bhāgapramāṇena liptāpramāṇena vā kakṣyāpratimaṇḍalamadhyāntaram parikalpyam | evam sūryācandramasoḥ | anyathā anyeṣām samaviṣamavṛttamandoccaśīghroccabhedena anekapratimaṇḍalaprasaṅgabhayāt uttaratra vakṣyati ã "bhūtārāgrahavivaram" [kālakriyāí, 25] iti | vṛttaparidhiḥ
kakṣyāmaṇḍalam, tasmin vṛttaparidhau madhyamacāram grahāḥ bhramanti | pratimaṇḍaleṣu sphuṭacāram bhramanti iti arthāt avasīyate

[ nīcoccavṛttaparidhau grahagatiḥ ]
grahabhuktyānayanavakrānuvakraparijñānāya āha ã
yaḥ śīghragatiḥ svoccāt pratilomagatiḥ svavṛttakakṣyāyām |
anulomagatiḥ vṛtte mandagatiḥ yaḥ grahaḥ bhavati

śīghrā gatiḥ yasya tat śīgrahgatiḥ, śīghragatiḥ ca tat svoccam ca śīghragatiḥ svoccam, śīghratatiḥsvoccāt yaḥ pratilomagatiḥ śīghragatiḥ | svoccaśabdena svaśīghroccabhuktiḥ parigṛhyate | sā yadi śīghroccabhuktiḥ svakendrāntajyā[sādhitasphuṭamadhya]mabhukteḥ [na patati] tadā sā eva sphuṭamadhyamā bhuktiḥ svakendrāntajyāsādhitā svaśīghroccabhukteḥ pratilome[na] pātyate | tadā śīghragatiḥ svoccagatiḥ iti ucyate | pratilomaśabdena ca viparītapātitaśeṣaliptāḥ
parigṛhyante | evam ayam vigrahārthaḥ niṣpannaḥ bhavati | pratilomā gatiḥ yasya saḥ pratilomagatiḥ iti |
āditaḥ eva etat bhuktyānayanam prati vakṣyate | tat yathā ã mandoccakendrāntajyām krameṇa utkrameṇa vā niṣpannām svamadhyamabhuktiliptābhiḥ guṇayet | punar ca tat kālapratidhinā guṇitasya aṣṭādaśabhiḥ sahasraiḥ bhāgalabdham kendrapadavaśāt ardhīkṛtya grahamadhyamabhuktiliptāsu prakṣipya viśodhya vā svaśīghroccabhuktiliptābhiḥ śodhayet | śeṣam svaśīghroccakendrāntajyākramotkramajyāguṇam tat kālaśīghroccaparidhinā guṇayet | bhāgaḥ aṣṭādaśabhiḥ
sahasraiḥ | labdham vyāsārdhagatam svakarṇena vibhajet | labhdasya ardham kendrapadavaśāt grahamadhyamabhuktiliptāsu kṣipet, viśodhayet vā | tataḥ tam kṣiptaviśodhitaśeṣam gṛhītvā tṛtīyakarma ã mandoccakendrāntajyākramotkramajyām tat kālaparidhiguṇam aṣṭādaśabhiḥ sahasraiḥ vibhajet | labdham samastam eva grahamadhyamabhuktiliptāsu mandakendrapadavaśāt kṣipet, viśodhayet vā | kṣiptam viśodhitaśiṣṭam vā sphuṭamadhyamabhuktiliptāḥ avinaṣṭāḥ
tāḥ svaśīghroccabhuktiliptābhyaḥ viśodhayet | śeṣam [gṛhītvā] caturthakarma ã śīghroccakendrānta[jyākramotkrama]jyām tat kālaparidhiguṇam aṣṭādaśabhiḥ sahasraiḥ vibhajet | labdham vyāsārdhaguṇam karṇena vibhajet | tatra yad avāptam tat yadi kṣepyam sphuṭamadhyamabhuktiliptāsu kṣipet, niṣpannā grahasya sphuṭabhuktiḥ | atha viśodhyam sad yadi sphuṭamadhyamabhuktitaḥ na patati tadā pratilomagatiḥ grahaḥ sphuṭamadhyamabhuktiliptāḥ eva viparītam
śodhyāḥ | śeṣam vakrabhogaḥ | asmin arthe iyam kārikā ã
yaḥ śīghragatiḥ svoccāt pratilomagatiḥ svavṛttakakṣyāyām |
pratilomagatiḥ vakragatiḥ iti arthaḥ |
anulomagatiḥ vṛtte | asau anulomagatiḥ bhavati | yadā śīghroccāt śīghroccakendrāntajyāniṣpannā liptāḥ sphuṭamadhyamabhuktiliptābhyaḥ viśuddhāḥ, tadā asau grahaḥ anuvakrī | tatra ca viśeṣaliptāḥ anulomaśabdavācyāḥ | tataḥ arthāt ayam vigrahaḥ avasitaḥ ã anulomā gatiḥ yasya sa anulomagatiḥ iti | sa ca alpam gaccahati iti mandagatiḥ abhidhīyate

[ nīcoccavṛttabhramaṇaprakārāntaram ]
grahāṇām sphuṭīkaraṇaprakārāntaram āha ã
anulomagāni mandāt śīghrāt pratilomagāni vṛttāni |
kakṣyāmaṇḍalalagnasvavṛttamadhye grahaḥ madhyaḥ

anulomam gacchati iti anulomagatiḥ | tat uktam ã mandāt, uktamandoccāvadheḥ madhyamāt iti | tat atra api śīghroccāvadheḥ madhyamāt iti etat ekaprakrameṇa bhavitavyam | na iti āha ã śīghrā[t pratilomaga]tiḥ pratilomāvadheḥ | śīghroccasya pratilomagatīni viparītagatīni yāni vṛttāni paridhayaḥ | atra vṛttasya ekadeśe vṛttaśabdopa[cārāt paridhayaḥ ca] iti, yathā mandaśīghrakendrayoḥ tajjyākāṣṭhe dhanūṃṣi | ataḥ tāni dhanūṃṣi mandakendrāt jātāni krameṇa
upa[cīyante, śīghrakendrāt] jātāni utkrameṇa upacīyante | ataḥ "anulomagāni mandāt śīghrāt pratilomagāni vṛttāni" | katham punar vṛttāni mandaśīghrakendrayoḥ tajjyādhanūṃṣi kramotkrama[gatīni? gate]ḥ avasthāvācakatvāt | yathā ã
gatiḥ asti iti bhūtānām sukumārāyate manaḥ |
[anastvaniśam eva ūḍham dhuram] vahati gauḥ iva ||
tathā ã
dānam bhogaḥ nāśaḥ tisraḥ gatayaḥ bhavanti vittasya |
yaḥ na dadāti na bhuṅkte tasya tṛtīyā gatiḥ bhavati ||
[bhartṛhariḥ, nītiśatakam, 34]
tasmāt yāni eva jyādhanūṃṣi tāni eva pratilomānulomagatīni |
atha atra idam praṣṭavyam ã mandoccajyādhanūṃṣi mandoccāt upacīyante, śīghroccajyādhanūṃṣi śīghroccāt apacīyante | kutaḥ etat? sampradāyāvicchedāt | atha "vyākhyānataḥ viśeṣapratipattiḥ, na hi sandehāt alakṣaṇam" [aṣṭādhyāyī, śivasūtram 6, pātañjalamahābhāṣyam] iti | athavā mandoccaśīghroccaśravaṇāt mandoccaśīghroccayoḥ eva pratipattiḥ, anyasya aśrutatvāt ca |
[ pratimaṇḍalavidhinā grahasphuṭīkaraṇaprakriyā ]
ayam āryāsūtrārthaḥ yathā ghaṭate tathā karmaṇā pratipādayiṣyāmaḥ | iṣṭāt grahāt tat mandoccam viśodhayet | śeṣam rāśyādikam mandoccāt pravṛttam tat kakṣyāmaṇḍalotpannam iti pratimaṇḍale kriyate, yasmāt pratimaṇḍale sphuṭagrahaḥ bhramati | tena tasmāt mandoccāt ārabhya yat kāṣṭham tat mahati maṇḍale alpam bhavati | "mahati mahāntaḥ ca rāśayaḥ jñeyāḥ | aṃśāḥ kalāḥ tathā evam [kālakriyāí, 14] iti | alpe pratimaṇḍale tat eva kāṣṭham bahutaram
bhavati, mānālpatvāt | vrīhyādayaḥ mahatā mānaviśeṣeṇa pramīyamānāḥ prasthādisaṅkhyayā alpāḥ bhavanti, [te] eva alpena mānaviśeṣeṇa mīyamānāḥ prasthādiśaṅkhyayā bahavaḥ bhavanti evam atra api | katham punar tat kāṣṭham kakṣyāmaṇḍalotpannam pratimaṇḍale pramīyate? ucyate ã tat kāṣṭhasya padāni vyatītāni pratyākalayya vartamānapadasya bhujākoṭijyayā karma idam kriyate ã "pratimaṇḍalasya madhyam ghanabhūmadhyāt atikrāntam" [kālakriyāí,
18] iti pratimaṇḍalabhūvivaram koṭyām prathamacaturthayoḥ padayoḥ prakṣipyate, dvitīyatṛtīyayoḥ apanīyate |
etat pratipādanārtham samāyāmavanau vṛttakendram nidhāya yāvat tāvat pramāṇaparikalpitavyāsārdhapramāṇena karkaṭakena vṛttam ālikhet | tasya vṛttasya pūrvāpara[dakṣiṇottara]lekhe kṛtvā [tadvṛttakendrāt antya]phala[jyā]pramāṇam [sūtram mandoccābhimukham] dakṣiṇena nidhāya tatra kakṣyāmaṇḍalavyāsārdhatulyakarkaṭakena vṛttam ālikhet | tat pratimaṇḍalam iti ucyate | [tat prathamacaturthapadayoḥ] kakṣyāmaṇḍalāt upari avatiṣṭhate, dvitīyatṛtīyayoḥ
adhaḥ | tatra yā koṭijyā sā kakṣyāmaṇḍalotpannā kakṣyāmaṇḍalabhūmyantarālapramāṇā | tena pratimaṇḍalabhūvivarāntarālamātreṇa pratimaṇḍalam prathamacaturthayoḥ padayoḥ koṭiḥ na prāpnoti iti prakṣipyate, dvitīyatṛtīyapadayoḥ tāvatā atītāt pratimaṇḍalāt koṭiḥ iti apanīyate | evam pratimaṇḍalotpannā koṭiḥ bhavati | atha yadi koṭi[jyātaḥ] pratimaṇḍalabhūvivaram na śudhyati, tadā pratimaṇḍalabhūvivarāt koṭijyā śodhyate | tāvatī pratimaṇḍalakoṭiḥ bhavati
| tatra evam niṣpannāyāḥ koṭeḥ bhujajyāyāḥ ca vargasamāsamūlam karṇaḥ | tat sūkṣmārthibhiḥ aviśiṣyate, pratimaṇḍalakarṇasya vṛddhihrāsavaśāt dṛṣṭiḥ bhidyate iti | tat yadi vyāsārdhatulyena pratimaṇḍalakarṇena yathā uktam pratimaṇḍalabhūvivaram labhyate tadā tena pratimaṇḍalakarṇena kim iti | labdham pūrvakoṭijyāyām prakṣipyate apanīyate vā | tataḥ tadbhujajyāvarga[samāsa]mūlam karṇaḥ | tena punar pratimaṇḍalabhūvivarānayanam iti yāvat aviśeṣaḥ | tataḥ
aviśiṣṭakarṇena vyastatrairāśikam kriyate ã yadi vyāsārdhaviṣkambhasya kakṣyāmaṇḍalasya iyam bhujajyā labhyate, tadā tena karṇena pratimaṇḍalajena kā iti | vyastatrairāśikatvāt vyāsārdham guṇakāraḥ, karṇaḥ bhāgahāraḥ, labdham pratimaṇḍalabhujajyā | tat kāṣṭham mandocce prakṣipya sphuṭaḥ grahaḥ bhavati, yasya mandoccakendram prathamapade | dvitīyapade ṣaḍbhyaḥ rāśibhyaḥ viśodhya bhujā gṛhītā iti ṣaṅbhyaḥ apanīyate, śeṣam mandocce prakṣipyate |
tṛtīyapade cakrārdhādhikabhujā iti tat cāpam cakrārdhasahitam mandocce prakṣipyate | caturthapade dvādaśebhyaḥ viśuddhaśeṣam bhujā iti cakrāt tat kāṣṭham viśodhya śeṣam mandocce prakṣipyate | evam sphuṭagrahaḥ bhavati, yasya śīghroccam na vidyate |
yeṣām punar śīghroccam vidyate teṣām karmaviśeṣaḥ ucyate | tat yathā ã paridhicālanāprayogeṇa sphuṭīkṛtaparidhinā vyāsārdham samguṇayya aśītyā bhāgalabdham pratimaṇḍalabhūvivaram mandaśīghroccayoḥ | tena anantarābhihitamandoccakarmaṇā mandocca[phalam] sādhayet | [tat] sakalasaṃskṛtaḥ grahaḥ bhavati | tat evam niṣpannasya, madhyamasya grahasya [ca] yat antarārdham tat madhyamāt mandoccasiddhe adhike madhyamagrahe dhanam, ūne ṛṇam
| evam mandoccasaṃ[skaraṇam] | etat eva karma "śanigurukujeṣu mande ardham ṛṇadhanam bhavati pūrvam" [kālakriyāí, 22] iti anena granthena abhidhīyate | katham? sanigurukujeṣu, mandāraguruṣu madhyameṣu madhyamakarmaṇā siddheṣu mandāraguruṣu iti arthaḥ | "ardham ṛṇadhanam bhavati pūrvam" [kālakriyāí, 22] iti kasya ardham ṛṇam dhanam vā bhavati iti atra sampradāyāvicchedāt mandasiddhamadhyamāntaram parigṛhyate | kim tasya ardham madhye grahe
dhanam ṛṇam vā pūrvasiddhe mandoccakarmaṇi bhavati? idam ca karma mandoccaśīghroccayoḥ sāmānyena prasiddham | kutaḥ? viśeṣānuvādanā[bhāvā]t | tat yathā ã evam ardhena phalena saṃskṛtam madhyamam graham śīghroccāt grahāt viśodhayet | tatra kendrapadavibhāgena bhujākoṭijye gṛhītvā sphuṭīkṛtasvaśīghroccaparidhinā vyāsārdham saṃguṇayya aśītyā bhāgalabdhapratimaṇḍalabhūvivareṇa pūrvakarmaṇā eva saṃskṛtāt karṇam ānayet | atra aviśeṣābhāvāt

aviśeṣakarma na pravartate | tataḥ bhujajyayā vyāsārdham saṃguṇayya karṇena bhāgalabdhasya kāṣṭham śīghroccakendre prathamapade śīghroccāt apanīyate, dvitīye pade ṣaḍbhyaḥ viśodhya śeṣam śīghroccāt apanīyate | tṛtīye pade cakrārdhayuktam, caturthe pade dvādaśabhyaḥ viśuddhaśeṣam, "śīghrāt pratilomagāni vṛttāni" iti vacanāt | evam sīghroccasakalaphalasaṃskṛtaḥ grahaḥ bhavati | tasya mandoccasiddhasya ca pūrvavat eva antarārdham mandoccasiddhe pūrvakalpanayā
eva dhanam ṛṇam vā kuryāt | tat mandaśīghra[siddha]m avinaṣṭam vidhāya tasmāt mandoccam viśodhya pūrvavat eva mandoccam sādhayet | tasya mandoccasiddhasya dvisaṃskṛtasya avinaṣṭasthāpitasya ca yaḥ viśeṣaḥ tam sakalam eva dvisaṃskṛtahīnamadhyamāt viśodhayet, adhikamadhyame prakṣipet | [arthāt dvisaṃskṛtamandasiddhe ūne sati viśodhayet anyathā prakṣipet] | tam evaṃkṛtam śīghroccāt viśodhya śīghroccaprasiddhakarmaṇā saṃsiddhaḥ sphuṭaḥ grahaḥ bhaviṣyati
iti | etat eva karma saṃkṣepeṇa asmābhiḥ karmanibandhe uktam ã
pratimaṇḍalakarma api yojyam atra vipaśicitā |
mandocce pūrvavat kuryāt śīghroccāt tat viśodhyate ||
tat eva kevalam śodhyam [cakrārdhāt śodhya tat calāt] |
cakrārdhasaṃyutam cāpam cakrāt śuddham ca śeṣayoḥ ||
sphuṭavṛttaguṇām trijyām bhaktvā aśītyā svakoṭitaḥ |
tyaktvā padeṣu yuktvā vā karṇaḥ prāgvat prasādhyate |
mandoccasiddhatanmadhyaviśleṣārdhasamanvitaḥ |
mandasiddhe adhike hīne rahitaḥ madhyamaḥ grahaḥ ||
sa śīghroccāt punar sādhyaḥ siddhayoḥ antarālajam |
ardhīkṛtya sakṛt siddhe pūrvavat parikalpayet ||
evaṃkṛtasya bhūyaḥ api mandasiddhim samācaret |
mandasiddhasya tasya ayam viśeṣaḥ yaḥ abhidhāsyate ||
dvisiddhamandasiddhasya dvisiddhasya yat antaram |
prāgvat tat madhyame kṛtvā śīghrasiddhaḥ sphuṭaḥ grahaḥ ||
[mahābhāskarīyam, 4.45-51]
atra śanigurukujagrahaṇam śīghroccavat grahapratipādanārtham | tena budhaśukrayoḥ api idam karma kriyate |
kakṣyāmaṇḍalalagnasvavṛttamadhye | kakṣyāmaṇḍale lagnam kakṣyāmaṇḍalalagnam | kim tat? svavṛttamadhyam, svavṛttamaṇḍalamadhyam | kakṣyāmaṇḍalalagnam ca tat svavṛttamadhyam ca kakṣyāmaṇḍalalagnasvavṛttamadhyam | tasmin kakṣyāmaṇḍalalagnasvavṛttamadhye | grahaḥ madhyaḥ | yaḥ asau madhyaḥ grahaḥ sa kakṣyāmaṇḍalalagnasvavṛttamadhye bhavati | etat uktam bhavati ã kakṣyāpratimaṇḍalayoḥ yatra sampātaḥ tatra yaḥ asau madhyamagrahaḥ,
sa eva sphuṭaḥ iti |
[ grahasphuṭīkaraṇe anyeṣām matapradarśanam ]
atha anye anyathā vyākhyānam kurvanti | anulomam gacchanti iti anulomagāni | kāni? vṛttāni, paridhayaḥ iti arthaḥ | mandāt | mandoccāt prabhṛti yāni mandoccavṛttāni mandoccāt ārabhya anulomam gacchanti, yasmāt mandoccakendram ahar ahar upacīyate | śīghrāt pratilomagāni | śīghrāt śīghroccāt ārabhya yāni śīghroccavṛttāni tāni pratilomam gacchanti, yasmāt śīghroccakendram ahar ahar apacīyate | atra idam praṣṭavyam ã katham vā mandoccakendram
ahar ahar upacīyate, katham vā śīghroccakendram ahar ahar apacīyate iti? ucyate ã grahāt patite mandocce [mandakendra]bhuktayaḥ upacīyante, grahāt patite śīghrocce śīghrakendrabhuktayaḥ apacīyante | yadi evam grahāt śīghroccam na patati mahattvāt tarhi maṇḍalam prakṣipya pātyate iti | tatra bhagaṇāḥ bhagaṇebhyaḥ viśodhyāḥ, rāśayaḥ rāśibhyaḥ, bhāgāḥ bhāgebhyaḥ, liptāḥ liptābhyaḥ iti eṣaḥ kramaḥ | tatra grahabhagaṇebhyaḥ śīghroccabhagaṇāḥ eva tāvat na
śuddhyanti | kutaḥ asau bhagaṇaḥ yam prakṣipya śīghroccam viśodhyate? tasmāt gaṇitayuktyā yāni api śīghravṛttāni tāni api anulomagāni eva | ācāryeṇa tu karaṇalāghavārtham "pratilomagāni vṛttāni" iti uktam | kim punar atra karaṇalāghavam? kāmacāraḥ | yadi grahaḥ śīghroccāt patati tadā grahaḥ śīghroccāt viśodhyate | yadā ca śīghroccam grahāt patati tadā grahāt śīghroccam viśodhyate iti | satyam eva etat, kintu jyāparidhikalpanā vyabhicarati | yadā grahāt śīghroccam
viśodhitam bhavati tadā anyathā jyā anyathā paridhiḥ, tadānīm eva śīghroccāt viśuddhe grahe anyathā jyā anyathā eva paridhiḥ | atha manyate śīghroccaviśuddhe grahe yat prathamapadam tat caturthapadam, yat dvitīyapadam tat tṛtīyapadam, yat tṛtīyapadam tat dvitīyapadam, yat caturthapadam tat prathamapadam iti | evam tarhi yat jyāyasī kalpanā, tasmāt mandoccam grahāt viśodhyam | grahaḥ ca śīghroccāt | mandaśīghravṛttāni kramotkrameṇa eva gacchanti |
kakṣyāmaṇḍalalagnaḥ | kakṣyāyāḥ maṇḍalam kakṣyāmaṇḍalam | athavā kakṣyā ca sā maṇḍalam ca tat kakṣyāmaṇḍalam | tena kakṣyāmaṇḍalena lagnaḥ kakṣyāmaṇḍalalagnaḥ | kaḥ? grahaḥ madhyaḥ | svavṛttamadhye | svasya vṛttam svavṛttam | tat ca sāmānyena mandavṛttam śīghravṛttam ca parigṛhyate | tasya svamandavṛttasya [svaśīghra]vṛttasya ca madhyam svavṛttamadhyam | tatra grahasya madhyaḥ, sa ca kakṣyāmaṇḍalāsaktaḥ | svavṛttasya kakṣyāmaṇḍale
yathā madhyam bhavati tathā badhnīyāt | tasmin svavṛtte yathā kakṣyāmaṇḍale yathā madhyam bhavati tathā badhnīyāt | tasmin svavṛtte yathā kakṣyāmaṇḍale jyā avitiṣṭhate tathā eva avatiṣṭhamānā draṣṭavyā | katham? yathā kakṣyāmaṇḍalasya ṣaṇṇavatyaṃśakā kāṣṭhajyā | evam atra api ṣaṇṇavatyaṃśakā kāṣṭhajyā parikalpanīyā | tat yathā ã uccāt ārabhya bhujajyākoṭijyābhyām trairāśikam ã yadi ṣaṣṭiśatatrayaparidhau ime bhujajyākoṭijye, [tadā] uccanīcaparidhau
ke iti | athavā ã vyāsārdhena ime bhujajyākoṭijye, tataḥ antyaphalatulyena uccanīcavṛttavyāsārdhena ke iti | labdhe uccanīcavṛttasya bhujajyākoṭijye | tatra prathamacaturthayoḥ padayoḥ vyāsārdhāt upari koṭisādhanam sthitam iti vyāsārdhe prakṣipyate | dvitīyatṛtīyayoḥ padayoḥ vyāsārdhonam pravṛttam iti vyāsārdhāt apanīyate | evam koṭikā niṣpannā bhavati, bhujākoṭivargasamāsamūlam karṇaḥ | evam mandaśīghrayoḥ karṇotpattiḥ

[ nīcoccavṛttavidhinā śanigurukujasphuṭīkaraṇam ]
grahāṇām ṛṇadhanapratipādanāya āha ã
kṣayadhanadhanakṣayāḥ syuḥ mandoccāt vyatyayena śīghroccāt |
śanigurukujeṣu mandāt ardham ṛṇam dhanam bhavati pūrve

kṣayadhanadhanakṣayāḥ | kṣayaḥ ca dhanaḥ ca dhanaḥ ca kṣayaḥ ca kṣayadhanadhanakṣayāḥ | ete kṣayadhanadhanakṣayāḥ yathāsaṅkhyena padeṣu pratyetavyāḥ | tat yathā ã prathame pade kṣayaḥ, dvitīye pade dhanam, tṛtīye pade dhanam eva, caturthe pade kṣayaḥ iti | ayam kṣayādikramaḥ |
padakramaḥ ca kasmāt parigṛhyate iti āha ã mandoccāt pravṛttāt grahāt | kutaḥ? ucyate ã "mandoccāt" iyam pañcamī maryādābhidhāyinī | tataḥ mandoccāt iti anena mandoccāt pravṛttaḥ grahaḥ parigṛhyate | sa katham mandoccāt pravṛttaḥ grahaḥ jñeyaḥ? ucyate ã na atra kiñcit api jñeyam | yāvadbhiḥ mandoccāt adhikaḥ grahaḥ tavatā asau mandoccāt pravṛttaḥ grahaḥ jñeyaḥ | tena tatparijñānārtham mandoccam grahāt pātyate, tatra śeṣeṇa rāśyādinā mandoccāt
pravṛttaḥ asau grahaḥ bhavati | tasmāt prathamapade yā kramajyā tasyāḥ phalam trairāśikena ānīyate | yadi ṣaṣṭiśatatrayaparidheḥ iyam jyā, tadā iṣṭagrahaparidheḥ kā iti phalam labhyate | etat eva trairāśikam | jhārdhāpavartamānaṣaṣṭiśatatrayaparidheḥ aśītiḥ, svaparidhibhāgānām yathā uktākṣarasaṅkhyā | tena paridhinā guṇitajyāyāḥ aśītiḥ bhāgahāraḥ | svaparidhyakṣarasaṅkhyā guṇakāraḥ | labdham phalam ṛṇam eva | dvitīyapade utkrameṇa jyā vyavasthitā iti,
utkramajyāphalam dhanam | punar tṛtīyapade krameṇa jyā vyavasthitā iti kramajyāphalam dhanam | caturthe pade utkrameṇa jyā vyavasthitā iti utkramajyāphalam kṣayaḥ | tatra prathamapade eva mandakendram, tat utpannam eva phalam grahamadhye kṣayaḥ | yadā dvitīyapade kendram tadā prathamapadavyāsārdhajyotpannam aśeṣaphalam kṣayaḥ, dvitīyapadotkramajyāphalam dhanam | prathamadvitīyapadābhyām tṛtīyacaturthapade vyākhyāte |
athavā karaṇalāghavārtham evam kriyate ã prathamapade yat utpannam krameṇa jyāphalam kṣayaḥ | dvitīyapade yat utpannam punar yat gatam rāśyādikam atītam prathamapadasaṃjñitarāśitrayāt kṣayātmakāt dhanātmakam tat dvitīyapadasya yat gatam tat viśodhya śeṣam tatra kṣayaḥ eva avatiṣṭhate, tena tat utpannam phalam madhyamagrahe kṣayaḥ | evam dvitīyapadānte kṣayadhanayoḥ tulyatvāt na kiñcit avatiṣṭhate | tasmāt sāmarthyataḥ ayam arthaḥ
saṃjātaḥ ã prathamapade gatajyāphalam kṣayaḥ, dvitīyapade api āgatajyāphalam kṣayaḥ | etena mandakendraphalam meṣādike kṣayaḥ | tat etat prathamapade gatam bhujāsaṃjñitam dvitīyapade anāgatam | koṭisaṃjñitam [prathamapade anāgatam] dvitīyapade gatam | tṛtīyacaturthayoḥ ca | tṛtīyapade kramajyāphalam dhanam | caturthapade tṛtīyapadarāśitrayāt dhanāt dhanasaṃjñitāt caturthapadarāśyādigatakṣayasaṃjñitam viśodhyate, śeṣam dhanam eva avatiṣṭhate | evam
caturthapadānte dhanakṣayayoḥ tulyatvāt na kiṃcit avaśiṣyate | tasmāt atra api sa eva arthaḥ tulādikendre bhujāphalam dhanam iti |
suṣṭhu khalu etat avagamyate | yadi padeṣu sarveṣu tulyāḥ paridhayaḥ tadā evam syāt | na ca tulyāḥ paridhayaḥ paṭhyante | atulyeṣu ca paridhiṣu pratimaṇḍalasya ca api avasthā virudhyate | kutaḥ? prathamapade śukrasya catuṣkaḥ paridhiḥ | tatra dvitīyapadaprāptau eva dvikaḥ paridhiḥ | tatra ardhapahalam parihīyate | grahaḥ tu gacchan krameṇa gacchati, na hariṇaplutena | na eṣa doṣaḥ | tulyāḥ paridhayaḥ | nanu ca uktam ã na ca tulyāḥ paridhayaḥ paṭhyante
iti | na etat asti | evam vijñāyate ã ete paridhayaḥ upacayā[pacayā]tmakāḥ, yataḥ tena tulyopacayāpacayātmakatvāt kramotkramavyavasthāyāḥ, yataḥ te eva bhavanti iti | tena tulyāḥ ucyante | tat yathā ã prathamapade kramajyām paridhyantareṇa hatvā vyāsārdhena labdham ūne viṣamapadaparidhau prakṣipyate, adhike apanīyate | prathamadvitīyapadābhyām tṛtīyacaturthapade vyākhyāte |
vyatyayena śīghroccāt | śīghroccakendrāt padavaśāt kramotkramajyāphalam viparītam | prathamacaturthayoḥ padayoḥ dhanam, dvitīyatṛtīyayoḥ kṣayaḥ iti viparyayaḥ | athavā bhujāphalam śīghrakrameṇa ānītam meṣādau dhanam, tulādāvṛṇam | paridhicālanādyaśeṣam pūrvavat eva | atra śīghraphalam vyāsārdhena saṃguṇayya tat utpannakrarṇena bhāgalabdham phalam dhanam ṛṇam vā | etat ca karma trairāśikam ã yadi vyāsārdhamaṇḍale idam phalam
labhyate, tadā śīghroccakarṇamaṇḍale kiyat iti vyastatrairāśikena vyāsārdham guṇakāraḥ, karṇaḥ bhāgahāraḥ | atra kim iti vyastatrairāśikam? ucyate ã "alpe hi maṇḍale alpāḥ mahati mahāntaḥ ca rāśayaḥ jñeyāḥ" [kālakriyāí, 14] iti anena | atha mandoccaphalam evam kasmāt na kriyate? ucyate ã kriyamāṇe api tāvat eva tat phalam bhavati iti na kriyate | kutaḥ? mandoccakarṇaḥ aviśiṣyate | tatra ca aviśeṣitena phalena vyāsārdham saṃguṇayya karṇena bhāge hṛte pūrvam
ānītam eva phalam bhavati iti | atha kim iti śīghroccakarṇaḥ na aviśiṣyate? abhāvāt aviśeṣakarmaṇaḥ |
atha atra idam praṣṭavyam ã kakṣyāmaṇḍalasya yathā svayojanakarṇaḥ vyāsārdhaḥ, tat ca svaliptābhiḥ mīyamānaḥ vasvagnivedarāmāḥ [3438], pratimaṇḍalasya api etat eva vyāsārdham iti etat | kakṣyāmaṇḍalotpannajyāphalaliptābhiḥ trairāśikābhāvaḥ, kakṣyāpratimaṇḍalayoḥ tulyavyāsārdhatvāt | atha manyate ã tatkālotpannabhujākoṭiniṣpannakarṇaḥ vyāsārdham pratimaṇḍalasya | tena trairāśikopapattiḥ | evam tarhi na kakṣyāmaṇḍalatulyam pratimaṇḍalam
iti | atra ucyate ã caturthapadādau kakṣyāpratimaṇḍale tulye | tena kakṣyāpratimaṇḍalayoḥ tulyam vyāsārdham | tataḥ prabhṛti pratimaṇḍalavyāsārdham [krameṇa upacīyate] | evam krameṇa upacīyamānam uccatulyagrahe svoccavṛttaviṣkambhārdham upacitam bhavati | tat eva prathamapadādau prabhṛti utkrameṇa apacīyamānam prathamapadānte vyāsārdham eva bhavati | evam krameṇa apacīyamānam dvitīyapadānte uccavṛttaviṣkambhārdham apacitam bhavati | tṛtīye
[padānte] ca utkrameṇa upacīyamānam iti etat kakṣyāmaṇḍalavyāsārdham eva | grahasya uccanīcagatikramāt upacayāpacayātmakam bhavati iti ataḥ pratimaṇḍalasya upadeśaḥ | ghanabhūmadhyāt eva grahasya uccanīcaparijñānam iti ataḥ vyāsārdham eva koṭiphalena upacīyate apacīyate vā | atha yadi pratimaṇḍalamadhyāt vyāsārdhasya vṛddhihrāsau syātām | tadā tṛtīyam maṇḍalam parikalpayitavyam syāt | ghanabhūmadhyāt karṇasya upacayāpacayau, tena tatkarṇena
vyastatrairāśikopapattiḥ iti | etat gaṇitanyāyasiddham eva |

śanigurukujeṣu | śaniḥ ca guruḥ ca kujaḥ ca śanigurukujāḥ | ataḥ teṣu śanigurukujeṣu mandāt mandoccāt prabhṛti ya[t phalam upapadyate] tat ardham ṛṇam dhanam vā bhavati | pūrve pūrvakarmaṇi, mandāt prabhṛti iti | śīghrāt api ca yat phalam tat teṣu ardham kriyate prathame śīghrakarmaṇi | anyatra dvitīyakarmaṇi mandaśīghrayoḥ sakalaphalam iti arthāt avasīyate | mandaśīghraphalāni kāṣṭhāni ṛṇam dhanam vā parikalpyate | yataḥ kāṣṭhena grahaḥ
bhramati | tat phalam kva ṛṇam kva vā dhanam iti ã śanigurukujeṣu | atra śanigurukujāḥ madhyamāḥ eva parigṛhyante | kutaḥ? madhyamasya sphuṭīkaraṇopāyatvāt | tadā hi ete sphuṭībhavanti |
yadi etat karma śanigurukujeṣu madhyameṣu kriyate, mandoccaphalārdhena madhyame ṛṇadhane kṛte tasya ṛṇadhanīkṛtasya madhyamatvam hīyate | [ataḥ] śīghroccaphalacāpārdhasya avikṛtamadhyame dhanarṇe prāpnutaḥJ| na etat asti | mandoccaphalacāpārdhadhanarṇīkṛtaḥ eva bhaviṣyati | kutaḥ? "ekadeśavikṛtam ananyavat bhavati" iti [aṣṭādhyāyī, 4.1.83 pātañjalamahābhāṣyam] ekadeśavikṛtaḥ api madhyaḥ eva | yathā devakattaḥ svalaṅkṛtaḥ api svam ākhyānam
na jahāti, na ca karṇanāsāvacchedena api, evam atra api, dve karmaṇī tatra tatra eva madhyame kriyete | athavā prathamamadhyamāt mandoccāyātam phalārdham madhyamotpannatvāt madhyame kriyate | yat punar śīghroccāyātam sakṛtsaṃskṛtāt phalārdham tat sakṛtsaṃskṛtāyātam eva iti kṛtvā sakṛtsaṃskṛtaḥ eva kriyate | tasmāt dvikarmasaṃsiddhāt mandoccaphalam tat sakalam eva madhyame grahe kriyate | sa sphuṭamadhyamaḥ bhavati |
atha idam praṣṭavyam ã yat etat dvikarmasiddhamandoccāyātam tat dvikarmasaṃsiddhe eva kasmāt na kriyate | ucyate ã " mandoccāt sphuṭamadhyāḥ" [kālakriyāí, 23] iti madhyame kriyate | nanu ca dvikarmasiddhaḥ api madhyamaḥ eva | kutaḥ? "ekadeśavikṛtam ananyavat bhavati" iti vacanāt | evam tarhi siddhe, punar sphuṭamadhyamagrahaṇam kurvan ācāryaḥ jñāpayati avikṛtamadhyaḥ iti | anyathā hi sphuṭamadhyamagrahaṇam atiricyate | tasmāt dvitīyaphalam
mandoccāyātam tat sakalam eva madhyame grahe kriyate |
śīghroccāt ca sphuṭāḥ jñeyāḥ iti | sa evaṃkṛte sphuṭamadhyamaḥ śīghroccakarmaṇā sphuṭaḥ bhavati iti sphuṭamadhyame śīghroccaphaladhanuḥ sakalam kriyate, sphuṭaḥ bhavati |
ṛṇadhanayuktipradarśanārtham vyāsārdhatulyena karkaṭakena samāyāmavanau samavṛttamaṇḍalam ālikhya mātṛpitṛrekhām kuryāt | tat kakṣyāmaṇḍalam rāśijyārekhāviracitam | tanmaṇḍalakendrāt yāvatyaḥ abhīṣṭagrahāntyaphalaliptāḥ tāvati antare ca dakṣiṇena kendram kṛtvā vyāsārdhatulyena eva karkaṭakena tathā eva samavṛttamaṇḍalam ālikhet | tat pratimaṇḍalam | [kakṣyā]maṇḍalāt yāvadbhiḥ pratimaṇḍalam niṣkrāntam tāvatā vyāsārdhena
kakṣyāmaṇḍaladakṣiṇottararekhāsaṃpāte kendram kṛtvā ubhayatra vṛttadvayam ālikhya[te | te nīcocca]vṛtte | tayoḥ yathā kakṣyāmaṇḍale rāśijyāvikalpaḥ tathā karaṇīyam | prathamacaturthayoḥ padayoḥ kakṣyāmaṇḍalāt uparisthitatvāt pratimaṇḍalasya vyāsārdhe koṭisādhanam prakṣipya karṇaḥ kṛtaḥ, tāvat pramāṇam sūtram [pratimaṇḍalaparidhim] yatra spṛśati tatra sthāne sphuṭaḥ grahaḥ | kakṣyāmaṇḍalajyā ca tasmāt purataḥ iti arthaḥ | prathamacaturthayoḥ padayoḥ
tat utpannam phalam madhyamagrahāt apacīyate | dvitīyatṛtīyayoḥ padayoḥ kakṣyāmaṇḍalāt adhovyavasthitatvāt pratimaṇḍalasya, vyāsārdhāt koṭisādhanam apanīya kṛtaḥ karṇaḥ, tāvatpramāṇam sūtram kakṣyāmaṇḍalamadhyāt pratimaṇḍalaparidhim yatra spṛśati tatra sphuṭaḥ grahaḥ | sa ca kakṣyāmaṇḍalajyāpradeśāt purataḥ avatiṣṭhate | tena tat utpannam phalam dvitīyatṛtīyayoḥ padayoḥ madhyamagrahāt upacīyate |
śīghrocce punar yeṣām kṣayadhanadhanakṣayāḥ syuḥ mandoccāt evam eva śīghroccāt iti ayam pāṭhaḥ teṣām iyam ṛṇadhanopapattiḥ | yeṣām punar vyatyayena śīghroccāt iti ayam pāṭhaḥ teṣām iyam eva upapattiḥ viparītā | katham? pratimaṇḍale sphuṭaḥ ca grahaḥ, madhyamaḥ ca śīghroccaparikalpanāya kakṣyāmaṇḍale | punar kendrajyā tena prathamacaturthayoḥ padayoḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ sthitatvāt madhyamasya kendrajyāgrahasya ānīyamānasya kendrajyotpannam
phalam dhanam bhavati puraḥsthitatvāt kendrajyāgrahasya, dvitīyatṛtīyayoḥ padayoḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ sthitatvāt kendrajyāgrahasya tat phalam apanīyate | ataḥ evam mandaśīghrayoḥ parasparaviruddhatvāt upapatteḥ, ācāryeṇa paramārthasphuṭagrahapradeśaḥ bhūtārāgrahavivarapramāṇapradeśaḥ darśitaḥ | tena yāvat bhūtārāgrahavivarapramāṇam sūtram kakṣyāmaṇḍalamadhyāt pratimaṇḍalaparidhim padavibhāgena prasāritam yatra spṛśati, tatra sphuṭaḥ grahaḥ |
anye punar anyathā paṭhanti ã śanigurukujeṣu mande ardham ṛṇam dhanam bhavati pūrvam iti | mande mandocce ardham phalasya ṛṇam dhanam, yadi tat grahe ṛṇam dhanam tadā tat mandocce dhanam ṛṇam iti arthāt avasīyate | tatra kiyat tat phalam mandocce ṛṇam sat dhanam bhavati, dhanam sat ṛṇam bhavati iti ucyate ã śīghroccaphalam yasmāt mandoccaphalam ca phaladvayam etat | tayoḥ mandoccam ādhāraḥ | phaladvayam ādheyaḥ | ataḥ śīghroccaphalam
kriyate | karmacatuṣṭayagrahaṇāt tat utpannam ca phalam tatra eva | tat yathā ã prāg eva śīghraphalam ānīya tat ardham ṛṇam dhanam vā mandocce kṛtvā tat mandāyātam ca tena phaladvayasaṃskṛtena mandoccena saṃskṛtaḥ sa sphuṭamadhyaḥ grahaḥ bhavati | sa śīghrakarmaṇā sphuṭaḥ iti prakriyāntaram etat

[ prakārāntareṇa śanigurukujasphuṭīkaraṇam ]
grahāṇām sphuṭīkaraṇaprakārāntaram āha ã
mandoccāt śīghroccāt ardham ṛṇam dhanam graheṣu mandeṣu |
mandoccāt sphuṭamadhyāḥ śīghroccāt ca sphuṭāḥ jñeyāḥ

mandoccāt yat phalam āyātam tasya cāpārdham ṛṇam dhanam vā graheṣu ṛṇam dhanam [mandeṣu vā kartavyam] | evam tarhi cakāraḥ kartavyaḥ | cakāreṇa vinā graheṣu mandeṣu ca iti cārthaḥ na labhyate | na cakāraḥ kartavyaḥ | antareṇa api cakāram cārthaḥ avagamyate | [katham?] evam ã
bāle vṛddhe kṣate kṣīṇe kṣīram yuktyā prayojayet |
iti atra cakāreṇa vinā cārthasya avagamanāt | evam ayam api | "sva"mandeṣu api vaktavyam, yena sveṣu madhyameṣu sveṣu ca mandeṣu kriyate | "sva"śabdaḥ api na kartavyaḥ | svasya grahasya yaḥ madhyamaḥ svasya ca yat mandam tatra eva karmasiddheḥ | yathā "mātari vaktavyam pitari śuśrūṣitavyam" iti | na ca tatra ucyate ã "svasyām mātari svasmin vā pitari" iti | evam atra api iti |
atha yat etat mandoccāyātam phalārdham tat kṣayadhanakrameṇa madhye grahe dhanam ṛṇam vā kriyate | mande punar katham kriyate, mandasya ṛṇadhanakramasya anabhidhānāt? ucyate ã mandoccam sarvadā eva grahasya ṛṇabhūtam | tatra yat grahasya ṛṇam tat mandocce prakṣipyate, ṛṇabhūtatvāt | yat grahe dhanabhūtam tat mandoccāt apanīyate, mandoccasya ṛṇabhūtatvāt eva | ayam ca gaṇitanyāyaḥ ã
ṛṇa[ṛṇayoḥ dhana]dhanayoḥ saṃkṣepaḥ ṛṇadhanayoḥ ca viśeṣaḥ |
iti | tasmāt anena krameṇa mandocce phalārdhasya upacayāpacayau bhavataḥ | śīghroccāt ca yat phalārdham tat api evam eva grahavaiparītyena mande dhanam ṛṇam vā kriyate | graheṣu punar prayojanābhāvāt na kriyate |
mandoccāt | mandoccaśīghroccaphalārdhena saṃskṛtam mandoccam parigṛhyate | kutaḥ? karmadvayavṛttau mandanirdeśāt | tena tādṛgvidhena mandena madhyamāt viśodhitena yat phalam āyātam tat sakalam madhyeṣu ṛṇam dhanam vā kriyate | sphuṭamadhyāḥ | [madhyamasya] sphuṭasya antarvartitvāt [sphuṭāḥ ye na, na avikṛteṣu] madhyameṣu phalasya karaṇāt madhyamāḥJ| athavā sphuṭasya madhyamāḥ sphuṭamadhyamāḥ | ekena karmaṇā niṣpannā yena
dvitīyam karmāntaram apekṣante | śīghroccāt ca sphuṭāḥ jñeyāḥ | śīghroccāt āyātam phalam tena saṃskṛtāḥ sphuṭāḥ | cakāraḥ phalayoḥ samuccayam abhidhatte | jñeyāḥ avagantavyāḥ boddhavyāḥ iti yāvat

[ bhṛgubudhayoḥ sphuṭīkaraṇam ]
bhṛgubudhayoḥ karma āha ã
śīghroccāt ardhonam kartavyam ṛṇam dhanam svamandocce |
sphuṭamadhyau tu bhṛgubudhau siddhāt mandāt sphuṭau bhavataḥ

śīghroccāt iti prāk śīghroccaniṣpannam phalam gṛhyate | tat eva śīghroccaphalam agre | tatra tat ardhonam ardham iti arthaḥ | ṛṇadhanam kartavyam | yadi grahe ṛṇam tadā dhanam kartavyam | dhanasya ṛṇam kartavyam iti arthāt avasīyate | kva iti āha ã svamandocce | svakīyam mandoccam svamandoccam, tasmin svamandocce | sphuṭamadhyau bhṛgubudhau bhavataḥ | katham? siddhāt mandāt | yat eva śīghroccaphalārdhena saṃskṛtam mandoccam tat siddham
iti abhidhīyate | tasmāt siddhāt mandāt sphuṭamadhyau bhavataḥ | etat uktam bhavati ã yat eta[t siddhamandam tat madhyama]grahāt viśodhya śeṣaphalasya ca ṛṇadhanena tayoḥ bhṛgubudhayoḥ madhyau sphuṭamadhyau bhavataḥ | "tu"-śabdāt "śīghroccāt ca sphuṭāḥ jñeyāḥ" [kālakriyāí, 23] iti etat kriyate

[ bhūtārāgrahāntarālam ]
[bhūtārāgrahā]ntarālapramāṇānayanāya āha ã
bhūtārāgrahavivaram vyāsārdhahṛtaḥ svakarṇasaṃvargaḥ |
kakṣyāyām grahavegaḥ yaḥ bhavati sa mandanīcocce

tārāgrahāṇām bhuvaḥ ca yat antaram tasya ānayanopāyaḥ ucyate | bhūtārāgrahavivaram bhuvaḥ tārāgrahasya ca yat antaram tat bhūtārāgrahavivaram bhavati iti vakṣyati | vyāsārdhahṛtaḥ svakarṇasaṃvargaḥ | vyāsārdham trijyā | trijyayā hṛtaḥ vyāsārdhahṛtaḥ | svakarṇayoḥ saṃvargaḥ svakarṇasaṃvargaḥ | etat uktam bhavati ã mandoccakarṇasya śīghroccakarṇasya ca yaḥ ghātaḥ saḥ svakarṇasaṃvargaḥ vyāsārdhahṛtaḥ | kakṣyāyām grahavegaḥ | tāvat ucchritāyām
[kakṣyāyām] grahasya yaḥ mandaśīghroccaphalajanitaḥ vegaḥ sa tasya bhūtārāgrahavivarasya agre bhavati iti | ataḥ eva bhūtārāgrahavivaram vikṣepānayane bhāgahāraḥ |
apare āhuḥ ã na bhūtārāgrahavivaram bhāgahāraḥ | kaḥ tarhi? vyāsārdham | yasmāt etat atra trairāśikam ã yadi trijyayā svagrahābhihitavikṣepaḥ labhyate, anayā abhīṣṭagrahasvapātavivarāntarālāṃśajyayā bhujajyayā kim iti | na etat samyak avasīyate | yadi idam eva trairāśikam syāt, tadā nakṣatratārāgrahaśaśiyogāḥ sarvadā tasyām eva diśi tulyavikṣepavivarāḥ syuḥ, nakṣatratārāṇām uccanīcagatyasambhavāt | dṛśyante ca amī grahanakṣatrāṇām dūrāsanna[vaśāt]
bhedāṃśumardanasavyāpasavyayogagata[yaḥ | yadi vyāsārdha]m eva bhāgahāraḥ syāt tadā sarve eva tulyagatayaḥ syuḥ | bhūtārāgrahavivaram | bhūtārāgrahavivaravaśāt vikṣepaḥ alpaḥ mahān ca nakṣatratārāgrahayogeṣu labhyate | [alpe vā] mahadvikṣepe dakṣiṇottaradigvaśāt niyatavikṣepāntaradiśaḥ yogāḥ upapadyante | tasmāt bhūtārāgrahavivaram eva bhāgahāraḥ | etat api karma trairāśikadvayam | katham? yadi vyāsārdhatulyayā pātāntarabhujajyayā yathāsvam vikṣepaḥ
alpaḥ mahān ca labhyate, tadā ana[yā bhuja]jyayā pātāntarotpannayā kaḥ iti vikṣepaḥ labhyate | [ataḥ] punar api vyastatrairāśikam ã yadi ayam vikṣepaḥ kakṣyāmaṇḍale vyāsārdhaviṣkambhe labhyate, tadā paramārthapratimaṇḍale bhūtārāgrahavivaraviṣkambhārdhe kiyān iti | pūrvatrairāśike vyāsārdham bhāgahāraḥ āsīt, tat eva dvitīyatrairāśike vyastatvāt guṇakāraḥ | ataḥ guṇakārabhāgahārayoḥ naṣṭayoḥ, pātāntarabhujajyāyāḥ vikṣepaḥ guṇakāraḥ, bhūtārāgrahavivaram
bhāgahāraḥ, phalam iṣṭagrahasya vikṣepaḥ | evam iṣṭagrahayoḥ vikṣepāvabhinnadikkau viśiṣyate, yasmāt apakramamaṇḍalāt tau pravṛttau | tataḥ tadviśeṣatulyam tayoḥ antaram bhavati, tatra api tayoḥ ūnādhikavikṣepavaśāt parasparāpekṣayā [tayoḥ yāmyottaradiktvam] | bhinnadikkau vikṣepau yojyate | yasmāt ekaḥ apakramamaṇḍalāt dakṣiṇena aparaḥ uttareṇa, tasmāt tadantaram [vikṣepayoga]pramāṇam bhavati | vikṣepaliptāntaracaturbhāgaḥ aṅgulapramāṇam vācyam
| yadā punar antaraliptāḥ na syuḥ, alpāḥ vā [syuḥ] tadā tayoḥ anyonyāśeṣāt chādanam ekadeśāt chādanam vā [bhavati] | tatra grahaṇavat iṣṭagrahasaṃparkārdhatadvikṣepa[viśleṣeṇa yogena vā] sthityardhanāḍikānayanam |
[ tārāgrahāṇām sphuṭayojanakarṇānayanam ]
atha nakṣatratārāgrahayogeṣu natilambanaparijñānārtham idam karma kriyate | "śaśiṅañaṇanamāṃśakāḥ" [gītikāí, 7] iti atra śaśiyojanakarṇaḥ ṅādibhiḥ guṇitaḥ śukrādīnām bhāgahārāḥ bhavanti iti vyākhyātam | tena śaśiyojanakarṇaḥ pañcabhiḥ guṇitaḥ śukrasya yojanakarṇaḥ bhavati daśabhiḥ guroḥ, pañcadaśabhiḥ budhasya, viṃśatyā śaneḥ, pañcaviṃśatyā aṅgārakasya | yadi evam tarhi grahāṇām kakṣyābhidhānam virudhyate | na eṣaḥ doṣaḥ | tāvat kakṣyāsthāḥ
eva grahāḥ, atra punar ṅādiguṇakāraiḥ dṛṣṭiparikarma kriyate iti | ayam yojanakarṇaḥ bhūtārāgrahavivaraguṇitaḥ vyāsārdhahṛtaḥ sphuṭaḥ bhavati | etat api trairāśikam ã yadi vyāsārdhaliptābhiḥ etāvanti yojanāni labhyante bhūtārāgrahavivaraliptābhiḥ kiyanti iti, athavā trairāśikadvayaikīkaraṇena abhīṣṭagrahasphuṭayojanakarṇaḥ ānīyate | katham? bhūtārāgrahavivarānayane vyāsārdham bhāgahāraḥ āsīt, iha ca bhūtārāgrahavivarasvamadhyamayojanakarṇābhyāsasya
vyāsārdham eva bhāgahāraḥ | ataḥ bhāgahārayoḥ saṃvargaḥ mandoccaśīghroccakarṇasvamadhyamayojanakarṇābhyāsasya bhāgahāraḥ | phalam sphuṭayojanakarṇaḥ | tayoḥ ayam arthaḥ sañjātaḥ ã mandaśīghra[karṇa]guṇitaḥ madhyamayojanakarṇaḥ vyāsārdhakṛtivibhaktaḥ sphuṭayojanakarṇaḥ bhavati | mandanīcocce mandasya mandoccasya ucce nīce ca ānītaḥ mandakarṇaḥ eva anena vidhinā sphuṭīkṛtaḥ iti |
[ grahasphuṭīkaraṇe viśeṣaḥ ]
atha vivasvaddhanarṇodayāstamayavaśāt sāmānyasarvagrahāṇām sphuṭagaṇitavidhiviśeṣaḥ abhidhāsyate | tat yathā ã savituḥ bhujāphalena ravyādibhuktayaḥ guṇitāḥ khakhaṣaḍghanena vibhajya āptakalā graheṣu bhujāphaladhanarṇavaśāt kriyate | tat vicāryate ã idam karma anupadiṣṭam katham avagamyate? na eṣaḥ doṣaḥ | upadiṣṭam eva etat ã "budhāhnyajārkodayāt ca laṅkāyām" [gītikāí, 4] iti | arkodayāvadheḥ gateḥ eteṣām pratipacchedau iti upadeśāt
arkaḥ hi sphuṭagaṇitāvagatagateḥ eva udayaśikharamadhyāste iti sphuṭasya arkasya udayaḥ parigṛhyate | sphuṭagatiḥ ca madhyamā eva svabhujāphalādiliptābhiḥ upacitāpacitā vā iti ataḥ bhujāphalaliptābhiḥ prāṇatulyābhiḥ trairāśikam kriyate ã yadi ahorātraprāṇaiḥ khakhaṣaḍghanatulyaiḥ vivasvadādisphuṭabhuktayaḥ labhyante, bhujāphalaliptābhiḥ prāṇatulyābhiḥ kim iti | āsām bhujāphalaliptānām prāṇatulyatvam iti | atra ucyate ã ravyudayāt eva jyotiścakrādeḥ api
udayādiḥ iti vyākhyātam | tena pravahākṣepāt madhyamaḥ sarvadā svabhujāphalena adhikaḥ ūnaḥ vā bhavati | yadā adhikaḥ tadā jyotiścakram bhujāphalaliptātulyam ravigatyā jīyate, [ūnaḥ cet bhujāphalaliptātulyam ravigatyā apacīyate] iti | anayā parikalpanayā jyotiścakrasambandhinyaḥ tadā bhujāphalaliptāḥ bhavanti, jyotiścakraliptāḥ prāṇāḥ ca tulyāḥ iti | ataḥ tāsām prā[ṇatulyabhujāphalaliptānām abhāvaḥ, ahargaṇāt āga]taḥ [sakalaḥ sūryaḥ] yadā svoccatulyaḥ tadā
eva udaye bhavati iti | anyathā tatra api bhujāntaraphalam kriyate eva | arkaḥ hi sphuṭagaṇi[tāvagateḥ eva udaya]śikharamadhyāste iti |
evam eteṣām vivasvadādīnām grahāṇām sphuṭagatayaḥ sūryodayāvadheḥ bhavanti iti ataḥ ravi[vaśāt eva upacayāpaca]yātmakam phalam kriyate | deśāntaracaradalakarmaṇī ca anayā eva upapattyā | ardharātrāstamayadinamadhyasaṃsthitasūryā[t trairāśikam] ã yadi ṣaṣṭyā nāḍībhiḥ yathāsvam madhyamā bhuktiḥ labhyate tadā pañcadaśabhiḥ ghaṭikābhiḥ triṃśatā pañcacatvāriṃśadbhiḥ ca kim iti [phalali]ptāḥ audayikebhyaḥ grahebhyaḥ viśodhyante, tataḥ tena

ravyādayaḥ tātkālikāḥ bhavanti | teṣām ca sphuṭaprakriyā pūrvābhihitā eva | [dinamadhyārdharātrayoḥ cara]dalakarma na pravartate | kṣitijamaṇḍalaprāptyatikrāntī ravyudayāstamayayoḥ eva iti | evam ādityagatyavadhayaḥ grahāḥ |
yadā punar para[sya grahasya raveḥ iva] kalpyante tadā candroda[yajñā]nena udayakālam eva avagatya tadudayakālāvadhayaḥ kriyante |
[tithipratipacchedaparijñānam ]
evam yathopadiṣṭagaṇitaprakriya[yā tithi]pratipacchedaparijñānāya ucyate | tat yathā ã sphuṭaśaśinaḥ sphuṭaḥ raviḥ apanīyate, yasmāt tithiḥ śaśimāsavaśāt bhavati tena "raviśaśiyogāḥ bhavanti [śaśimāsāḥ" [kālakriyāí, 5] iti sphuṭavidho]rinaḥ apanīyate | yathāsambhavam atra bhagaṇaḥ na sambhavati iti rāśyādayaḥ eva rāśyādibhyaḥ apanīyante | athavā ka[lpāditaḥ ye ravighagaṇāḥ] bhuktāḥ te śaśibhagaṇebhyaḥ viśodhyante, rāśyādibhyaḥ rāśyādayaḥ iti | tatra
avaśiṣṭāḥ śaśimāsādayaḥ bhavanti | [māsānām prayojanābhāvaḥ i]ti māsāḥ tyajyante |
tatra ye avaśiṣṭāḥ rāśyādayaḥ vartamānaśaśimāsasya avayavabhūtāḥ taiḥ liptīkṛtaiḥ trairāśi[kam ã yadi khakhaṣaḍghana]tulyena sūryācandramasoḥ viśeṣeṇa śaśimāsaḥ labhyate tadā ābhiḥ candrādityaviśeṣaliptābhiḥ kiyacchaśimās[āḥ iti sampūrṇa]māsam na prayacchati iti divasāḥ kriyante | "triṃśaddivasaḥ bhavet sa māsaḥ" [kālakriyāí, 1] iti triṃśatkaḥ guṇakāraḥ | tatra guṇakārabhāgahārayoḥ apavartane [triṃśataḥ triṃśadbhāgena ekam] khakhaṣaḍghanasya
tāvadbhāgena saptaśatāni viṃśatyadhikāni | saptaśatyā viṃśatyuttarayā ravicandravivaraliptāḥ vibhajyante | [phalam gatatithayaḥ va]rtamānaśaśimāsasya śuklapratipatpravṛttāḥ, tatra śeṣaliptāḥ vartamānatitheḥ bhuktāḥ, tadviśuddhāḥ bhāgahāraliptāḥ bhojyāḥ iti | ataḥ tābhiḥ bhuktabhojyaliptābhiḥ trairāśikam ã yadi tat ahaḥ sūryācandramasoḥ sphuṭabhuktyantaraliptābhiḥ ekaḥ śaśidivasaḥ labhyate tataḥ ābhiḥ bhuktabhojyaliptābhiḥ kiyān śaśidivasasya labhyate iti, tatra
divaseṣu bhāgam na prayacchanti iti nāḍyaḥ kriyante | "ṣaṣṭiḥ nāḍyaḥ divasaḥ" [kālakriyāí, 1] iti ṣaṣṭyā saṅguṇayya sphuṭabhuktyantaraliptābhiḥ bhāgalabdhāḥ bhuktabhojyāḥ titheḥ nāḍyaḥ sūryodayāvadheḥ gatāḥ gantavyāḥ vā bhavanti iti |
[ sūryācandramasoḥ samaliptīkaraṇam ]
iṣṭakālāvadheḥ vā parvaṇi samaliptāvidhānam | gatagantavyatām parvaṇaḥ vidhāya gatagantavyaliptābhiḥ trairāśikam | tat yathā ã yadi sūryācandramasoḥ taddinasphuṭabhuktyantaraliptābhiḥ sūryācandramasoḥ sphuṭabhuktiḥ yathāsvam labhyate tataḥ ābhiḥ gatagantavyatithiliptābhiḥ kiyatyaḥ sphuṭabhuktiliptāḥ iti labdhāḥ liptāḥ ravau gantavyaparvaṇi prakṣipyante, śaśini ca | atha gataparvaṇi tayoḥ eva yathāsvam trairāśikāyātaliptāḥ viśodhyante | evam
gantavyagataparvaṇaḥ paryavasānakālikau samaliptau bhavataḥ iti gaṇitapāde api asmābhiḥ "bhukteḥ vilomavivare" [gaṇitaí, 31] iti asyām āryāyām saṃkṣepataḥ abhihitam iti kṛtvā iha tu vistareṇa pradarśitam |
[ candranakṣatrapratipacchedaparijñānam ]
candrayuktena nakṣatreṇa vyavahāraḥ iti pratyaham candrayuktanakṣatrapratipaccheda [parijñānam] kriyate | tat yathā ã śaśiliptābhiḥ trairāśikam ã yadi maṇḍalaliptābhiḥ khakhaṣaḍghanatulyābhiḥ saptaviṃśatiḥ nakṣatrāṇi labhyante tataḥ [ābhiḥ candragataliptābhiḥ kim iti | atra guṇakārabhāgahārayoḥ apa]vartanam kriyate | saptaviṃśateḥ saptaviṃśatibhāgena ekam khakhaṣaḍghanasya api tāvatbhāgena aṣṭau [śatāni, ataḥ śaśiliptā]nām aṣṭābhiḥ śataiḥ bhāge
nakṣatrāṇām aśvinyādīnām [yāni gatāni teṣām saṃkhyā] labhyate | śeṣe gatagantavyam kṛtvā vartamānasya nakṣatrasya gatagantavyāḥ nāḍyaḥ sādhyante | katham? yadi sphuṭabhuktyā ṣaṣṭiḥ nāḍyaḥ labhyante, ābhiḥ gatagantavyaliptābhiḥ kiyatyaḥ iti gatagantavyanāḍyaḥ labhyante | śaśibhukteḥ ahorātrakālāvadhiniṣpannatvāt, ahorātrasya ca pramāṇam ṣaṣṭiḥ nāḍyaḥ iti ṣaṣṭyā trairāśikam kriyate