Āryabhaṭīya with the Commentary (with commentary) · Chapter 2

asyāḥ padavibhāgaḥ: ã praṇipatya, ekam, anekam, kam, satyām, devatām, param, brahma, āryabhaṭaḥ, trīṇi, gadati, gaṇitam, kālakriyām, golam |
atra praṇipatya iti "pra"-śabdaḥ prakarṣavācī, prakarṣeṇa nipatya praṇipatya, praṇāmam kṛtvā iti arthaḥ | ktvāpratyayena pūrvakālakriyā abhidhīyate, yathā snātvā bhuṅkte iti | snānakriyā anantaram bhojanakriyā | evam atra api praṇipatanānantaram gaṇitam, kālakriyām, golam ca gadati | ekam, abhedarūpeṇa vyavasthitam, nirvikāram | anekam, na ekam anekam, bhedarūpeṇa vyavasthitam | kam, kaḥ iti prajāpateḥ ākhyānam | kam praṇipatya evaṃguṇaviśiṣṭam
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atha yadi asau prajāpatiḥ ekaḥ katham asau anekaḥ? yadi asau anekaḥ katham ekaḥ? ekānekayoḥ parasparaviruddhayoḥ yugapat ekatra avasthānam na sambhavati, yathā atyantaviruddhayoḥ cchāyā ātapayoḥ uṣṇaśītayoḥ vā iti | atra ucyate ã yathā vṛkṣaḥ ekavasturūpeṇa [tiṣṭhati], asau eva yadā mūla-skandha-śākhā-prarohādiprapañcena vikalpyate tadā anekaḥ | evam asau api paramātmā nirvikāraḥ nirañjanaḥ ekaḥ eva, asau eva [yadā] anekaprāṇiśarīre vyavasthitaḥ
vikalpyate [tadā] anekaḥ | āha ca ã
ekaḥ eva hi bhūtātmā bhūte bhūte vyavasthitaḥ |
ekadhā bahudhā ca eva dṛśyate jalacandravat ||
[amṛtabindūpaniṣat, śloí 12]
iti | athavā asau ekaḥ eva āsīt, tataḥ svayam ardhena puruṣaḥ abhavat ardhena nārī iti | tataḥ sarvān prāṇinaḥ asṛjat iti | athavā asau bhagavān prajāpatiḥ viśvarūpaḥ | tasmāt tasya viśvarūpatvāt ekānekatvam ekasmin yugapat sambhavati iti ayam adoṣaḥ |
satyām devatām | devaḥ eva devatā, satyā ca devatā ca | sa eva kaḥ satyatvena devatātvena ca viśiṣyate | kam satyām devatām praṇipatya | na kevalam satyatvena devatātvena ca viśeṣitaḥ | kena ca tarhi iti āha ã param brahma | param ca tat brahma param brahma | param śrūyate pulastya-pulaha-kratvādikam | evam asau bhagavān kaḥ, satyā devatā, param brahma ca | kam, satyām devatām, param brahma ca praṇipatya |
atha katham kaḥ śabdaḥ pulliṅgaḥ, satyā devatā strīliṅgaḥ, param brahma napuṃsakaliṅgaḥ? taiḥ bhinnaliṅgaiḥ ekam vastu abhidhīyate | nanu ca atra sarvaiḥ eva śabdaiḥ ekaliṅgaiḥ bhavitavyam? na iti āha | ete śabdāḥ āviṣṭaliṅgāḥ | taiḥ āviṣṭaliṅgaiḥ śabdaiḥ ekam eva vastu abhibhīyate | yathā ã "kāraṇam iyam brāhmaṇī, bhūtam iyam brāhmaṇī, āvapanam iyam uṣṭrikā" iti [aṣṭādhyāyī aí 4, pādaḥ 1, sūtram 3, pātañjalamahābhāṣyam, ākṣepavārtikaḥ
5117]
athavā brahmaṇoḥ dvayoḥ apy ācāryeṇa praṇipātaḥ kṛtaḥ, śabdabrahmaṇaḥ parabrahmaṇaḥ ca | tayoḥ upavarṇanā iyam kriyate ã praṇipatya iti | nigadavyākhyānam evam ã ekam, parijñānataḥ tu tattvasya abhedarūpatvāt, yasmāt sarveṣu eva jñeyeṣu parijñānamātrasāmānyam ekam; anekam ṛgyajuḥsāmātharvetihāsapurāṇaśikṣākalpavyākaraṇaniruktachandovicitijyotiṣam iti ādiśabdarūpeṇa vyavasthitatvāt anekam | kaḥ iti śabdabrahmaṇaḥ ākhyānam | kam ekam anekam
praṇipatya | satyām devatām iti etat dvayoḥ brahmaṇoḥ śeṣaḥ, satyā devatā śabdabrahma | uktam ca ã
jñānāntarabhāvi yat ca hi phalam jñātvā kriyā ataḥ ca yat
sarvasya avyabhicārikāraṇam iti jñānasthitau niścayaḥ |
jñeyam ca aparimāṇam alpaviṣayaśrautādiśāstram punar
divyam cakṣuḥ atīndriye api viṣaye vyāhanyate na kvacit ||
param brahma | "param"-śabdaḥ prakarṣavācī | prakṛṣṭam brahma param brahma, yat sarvaiḥ api muktivādibhiḥ prārthyate, mokṣadaḥ paramātmā iti arthaḥ | evam ca dvayoḥ brahmaṇoḥ praṇāmaḥ kṛtaḥ | anyatra api "brahma"-śabdena śabdabrahma-parabrahmaṇoḥ eva grahaṇam | tad yathā ã
dve brahmaṇī veditavye śabdabrahma param ca yat |
śabdabrahmaṇi niṣṇātaḥ param brahma adhigacchati ||
[amṛtabindūpaniṣad, śloí 7; vāyupurāṇam, amśaḥ 6, aí 5, śloí 64]
iti |
athavā, praṇipatya kam hiraṇyagarbham, ekānekasvarūpam, sarvaprāṇinām mahat nāma | tatra viśeṣaḥ ekam, tasya tasya yataḥ adhiṣṭhātṛdevatā hiraṇyagarbhaḥ ekaḥ eva | yadā kāraṇānām adhiṣṭhātṛdevatāviśeṣabhedena vivakṣyate tadā anekam | tat yathā ã trayodaśa kāraṇāni, tvacaḥ vāyuḥ, cakṣuṣaḥ sūryaḥ, śrotrasyāḥ ākāśaḥ, rasanasyāḥ āpaḥ, ghrāṇasya pṛthivī, evam pañcānām buddhīndriyāṇām adhiṣṭhātryaḥ devatāḥ, vācaḥ agniḥ, pāṇeḥ indraḥ, pādasya
viṣṇuḥ, pāyunaḥ mitraḥ, upasthasya prajāpatiḥ, evam karmendriyādhiṣṭhātryaḥ devatāḥ, manasaḥ candraḥ, buddheḥ savitā, ahaṅkārasya rudraḥ iti | satyām devatām antaryāminaḥ īśvarasya bhagavataḥ paramātmanaḥ kāraṇaśaktyā adhiṣṭhitāḥ sarve eva padārthāḥ svārthe pravartante | ataḥ tām paramātmanaḥ kāraṇaśaktim satyām devatām | ataḥ eva strīliṅgena nirdeśaḥ kṛtaḥ | param brahma yat tat adhikārī brahma paramātmā tam | evam brahmatrayam praṇipatya
| yadi evam, cakāraḥ tarhi kartavyam | na kartavyam | antareṇa api cakāram ca arthaḥ gamyate eva | tat yathā ã
bāle vṛddhe kṣate kṣīṇe kṣīram yuktyā prayojayet |
iti | bāle ca vṛddhe ca kṣate ca kṣīṇe ca iti gamyate | evam atra api ca arthaḥ, kam ca satyām devatām ca param brahma ca iti |
āryabhaṭaḥ ācāryasya samākhyānaḥ | trīṇi gadati | trīṇi vastūni gadati iti | nanu atra evam yuktam vaktum ã "āryabhaṭaḥ aham trīṇi gadāmi" iti, anyathā anyasya kasyacit etat vākyam ābhāti | yathā kiṃcit kaścit pṛcchati ã "rājakule kena kim uktam iti āha ã evam ukte rājani evam devadatto bravīti | yajñadattaḥ api evam eva nigadati" iti | tasmāt tatra api āryabhaṭaḥ trīṇi gadati iti, na tat ācāryasya vacanam iti | atra ucyate | ayam ācāryaḥ mahānubhāvaḥ svayam
eva bruvan paratvam āpādya kathayati, yathā āha kauṭilyaḥ ã
sukhagrahaṇavijñeyam tattvārthapadaniścitam |
kauṭilyena kṛtam śāstram vimucya granthavistaram ||
[arthaśāstram, 1.1.19]
iti | athavā yaḥ tejasvī puruṣaḥ samareṣu nikṛṣṭāsitejovitānacchuritabāhuḥ śatrusaṅghātam prakāśam praviśya praharan evam āha ã "ayam asau uditaḥ aditikulaprasūtaḥ samareṣu anivāritavīryaḥ yajñadattaḥ praharati | yadi kasyacit śaktiḥ pratipraharatu" iti | evam asau api ācāryaḥ gaṇitakālakriyāgolātiśayajñānodadhipāragaḥ vitsabhām avagāhya "āryabhaṭaḥ trīṇi gadati gaṇitam kālakriyām golam" iti uktavān |

gaṇitam kālakriyām golam | gaṇitam, kṣetracchāyāśreḍhīsamakaraṇakuṭṭākārādikam | kālaḥ, prāṇavināḍīnāḍyahorātrapakṣamāsasaṃvatsarayugādikam | tatparijñānārtham kriyā kālakriyā | anye punaḥ kriyā avyatiriktam kālam etena abhyupagacchanti | teṣām ayam vigrahaḥ ã kālaḥ ca asau kriyā ca kālakriyā | evam etau dvau pakṣau ã kecit kālam kriyāvyatiriktam manyante, anye kriyā eva kālaḥ iti | ubhayathāḥ asmākam adoṣaḥ iti, yena asmadīye siddhānte
sūryodayāt prabhṛti yāvat aparaḥ sūryodayaḥ tāvat ahorātram, yaḥ ca sūryācandramasoḥ paraḥ viprakarṣaḥ saḥ ardhamāsaḥ, yaḥ ca tayoḥ paraḥ sannikarṣaḥ sa māsaḥ; evam dvādaśamāsāḥ saṃvatsaraḥ iti ayam kālaḥ, kriyāvyatiriktaḥ vā astu kriyā vā iti | golam, grahabhramaṇadharitrīsaṃsthānadarśanopāyam | gadati iti kartṛvācakaḥ śabdaḥ, vākyatvāt | gaṇitakālakriyāgolānām dvitīyaikavacane nirdeśaḥ gaṇitam kālakriyām golam iti gaṇitaśabdaḥ napuṃsakaliṅgam, kālakriyā
strīliṅgam, golaḥ pulliṅgam | eteṣām sāmānyopakrameṇa napuṃsakaliṅgena eva ācāryeṇa abhidhānam [kṛtam] "trīṇi gadati" iti |
atra ayam gaṇitaśabdaḥ aśeṣagaṇitābhidhāyī, tasmāt aśeṣagaṇitābhidhāyitvāt yathā kṣetragaṇitam bravīti, evam grahagaṇitam api; grahagaṇitasya ca kṣetrādyavyatiriktatvāt kālakriyāgolayoḥ ca gaṇitāvyatiriktatvāt gaṇitam nigadati iti etāvat eva siddhe kālakriyāgolagrahaṇam kurvan ācāryaḥ jñāpayati ã kṣetracchāyāśreḍhīsamakaraṇakuṭṭākārādikam sāmānyagaṇitam kiṃcit vakṣye, viśeṣagaṇite punaḥ kālakriyayā golena tātparyam iti | anyathā
aśeṣagaṇitābhidhāyigaṇitaśabdena eva siddhatvāt kālakriyāgolayoḥ pṛthaggrahaṇam anāvaśyakam syāt | tathā ca, ācāryeṇa gaṇitapāde gaṇitavastu diṅmātram eva abhihitam, kālakriyāgolayoḥ kālakriyāgola [vastu] viśeṣeṇa | avaśyam ayam arthaḥ abhyupagantavyaḥ ã kiṃcit gaṇitam iti / anyathā hi mahat gaṇitavastu, aṣṭau vyavahārāḥ miśraka-śreḍhī-kṣetra-khāta-citi-krākacika-rāśi-cchāyābhidhāyinaḥ | miśrakaḥ iti sakalagaṇitavastusaṃmiśrakaḥ saṃsparśakaḥ iti arthaḥ
| śreḍhī iti ādyuttarapracitaḥ iti arthaḥ | kṣetram iti anekāśrikṣetraphalāni ānayati iti arthaḥ | khātaḥ iti khanyapramāṇam nirdiśati iti arthaḥ | citiḥ iti iṣṭakāpramāṇena uparinicitavastupramāṇam āvedayati iti arthaḥ | krākacikam iti, krakacaḥ nama dārucchedakam, tasmin krakace bhavaḥ krākacikaḥ, tadvastupramāṇam avagamayati iti arthaḥ | rāśiḥ iti dhānyādirūpavastunicitam tadvastupramāṇam janayati iti arthaḥ | chāyā iti śaṅkvādicchāyāpramāṇena kālam kathayati
iti arthaḥ | iti vyavahāragaṇitasya aṣṭābhidhāyinaḥ catvāri bījāni prathamadvitīyatṛtīyacaturthāni yāvat tāvat vargāvargaghanāghanaviṣamāṇi | etat ekaikasya granthalakṣaṇalakṣyam maskari-pūraṇa-mudgala-prabhṛtibhiḥ ācāryaiḥ nibaddham kṛtam, sa katham anena ācāryeṇa alpena granthena śakyate vaktum | tat suṣṭhu uktam asmābhiḥ kiṃcit gaṇitam viśeṣataḥ kālagolau iti | evam iyam āryā vyākhyātā

[ saṃkhyāvinyāse paribhāṣā ]
yugabhagaṇādisaṅkhyāsaṃkṣepam vivakṣuḥ ācāryaḥ [pari]bhāṣāsūtrapradarśanāya gītikāsūtram āha ã
vargākṣarāṇi varge avarge avargākṣarāṇi kāt ṅmau yaḥ |
khadvinavake svarāḥ nava varge avarge navānti avarge vā