Tarkasaṃgraha · Verses 42-61

tatra pratyakṣajñānakaraṇaṃ pratyakṣam / indriyārthasannikarṣajanyaṃ jñānaṃ pratyakṣam /tad dvividhaṃ nirvikalpakaṃ savikalpakaṃ ceti / tatra nirvikalpakaṃ jñānaṃ nirvikalpakaṃ yathedaṃ kiṃcit / saparakārakaṃ jñānaṃ savikalpakaṃ yathā ḍittho'yam brahmaṇo'yaṃ śyāmo'yam iti //

pratyakṣajñānahetur indriyārthasannikarṣaḥ ṣaḍvidhaḥ / saṃyogaḥ saṃyuktasamavāyaḥ saṃyuktasamavetasamavāyaḥ samavāyaḥ samavetasamavāyo viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhāvaś ceti / cakṣuṣā ghaṭapratyakṣajanane saṃyogaḥ sannikarṣaḥ / ghaṭarūpapratyakṣajanane saṃyuktasamavāyaḥ sannikarṣaḥ cakṣuḥsaṃyukte ghaṭe rūpasya samavāyāt / rūpatvasāmānyapratyakṣe saṃyuktasamavetasamavāyaḥ sannikarṣaḥ cakṣuḥsaṃyukte ghaṭe rūpaṃ samavetaṃ tatra rūpatvasya samavāyāt / śrotreṇa śabdasyākāśaguṇatvāt guṇaguṇinoś ca samavāyāt / śabdatvasākṣātkāre samavetasamavāyaḥ sannikarṣaḥ śrotrasamavete śabde śabdatvasya samavāyāt / abhāvaparatyakṣe viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhāvaḥ sannikarṣo ghaṭābhāvavad bhṛtalam ity atra cakṣuḥsaṃyukte bhūtale ghaṭābhāvasya viśeṣaṇatvāt / evaṃ snnikarṣaṣaṭkajanyaṃ jñānaṃ pratyakṣam / tatkaraṇam indriyam / tasmād indriyaṃ pratyakṣapramāṇam iti siddham //

anumitikaraṇam anumānam / parāmarśajanyaṃ jñānam anumitiḥ / vyāptiviśiṣṭapakṣadharmatājñānaṃ parāmarśaḥ / yathā vahnivyāpyadhūmavān ayaṃ parvata iti jñānaṃ parāmarśaḥ / taj janyaṃ parvato vahnimān iti jñānam anumitiḥ / yatra yatra dhūmas tatrāgnir iti sāhacaryaniyamo vyāptiḥ / vyāpyasya parvatādivṛttitvaṃ pakṣadharmatā //

anumānaṃ dvividhaṃ svārthaṃ parārthaṃ ca / tatra svārthaṃ svānumitihetuḥ / tathā hi svayam eva bhūyo darśanena yatra dhūmas tatra agnir iti mahānasādau vyāptiṃ gṛhītvā parvatasamīpaṃ gatas tadgate cāgnau sandihānaḥ parvate dhūmaṃ paśyan vyāptiṃ smarati yatra dhūmas tatrāgnir iti / tadantaraṃ vahnivyāpyadhūmavān ayaṃ parvata iti jñānam utpadyate / ayam eva liṅgaparāmarṣaṃ ity ucyate / tasmāt parvato vahnimān iti jñānam anumitir utpadyate / tad etat svārthānumānam / yat tu svayaṃ dhūmād agnim anumāya parapratipattyarthaṃ pañcāvayavavākyaṃ prayukte tat parārthānumānam / yathā parvato vahnimān dhūmavattvāt / yo yo dhūmavān sa vahnimān yathā mahānasaḥ / tathā cāyam / tasmāt tatheti / anena pratipāditāl lingāt paro'py agniṃ pratipadyate //

pratijñāhetūdāharaṇopanayanigamāni pañcāvayavaḥ / parvato vahnimān iti pratijñā / dhūmavattvād iti hetuḥ / yo yo dhūmavān sa so'gnimān yathā mahānasa ity udāharaṇam / tathā cāyam iti upanayaḥ / tasmāt tatheti nigamanam //

svārthānumitiparārthānumityor liṅgaparāmarśa eva karaṇam / tasmāl liṅgaparāmarśā'numānam //

liṅgaṃ trividham / anvayavyatireki kevalānvayi kevalavyatireki ceti / anvayena vyatirekeṇa ca vyāptimad anvayavyatireki / yathā vahnau sādhye dhūmavattvam / yatra dhūmas tatrāgnir yathā mahānasa ity anvayavyāptiḥ / yatra vahnir nāsti tatra dhūmo'pi nāsti yathā mahāhrada iti vyatirekavyāptiḥ / anvayamātravyāptikaṃ kevalānvayi yathā ghaṭo'bhidheyaḥ prameyatvāt paṭavat / atra prameyatvābhidhyatvayor vyatirekavyāptir nāsti sarvasyāpi prameyatvād abhidheyatvāc ca / vyatirekamātravyāptikaṃ kevalavyatireki yathā pṛthivī tarebhyo bhidyate gandhavattvāt / yad itarebhyo na bhidyate na tad gandhavat / yathā jalam / na ceyaṃ tathā / tasmān na tatheti atra yad gandhavat tad itarabhinnam ity anvayadṛṣṭanto nāsti pṛthivīmātrasya pakṣatvāt //

saṃdigdhasādhyavān pakṣaḥ / yathā dhūmavattve hetau parvataḥ //

niścitasādhyavān sapakṣaḥ / yathā tatraiva mahānasaḥ //

niścitasādhyābhāvavān vipakṣaḥ / yathā tatraiva mahāhradaḥ //

savyabhicāraviruddhasatpakṣāsiddhabādhitāḥ pañca hetvābhāsāḥ //

savyabhicāro'naikāntikaḥ / sa trividhaḥ / sādhāraṇāsādhāraṇānupasaṃhāribhedāt / tatra sādhyābhāvavadvṛttiḥ sādhāraṇo anaikāntikaḥ / yathā parvato vahnimān prameyatvād iti prameyatvasya vahnyabhāvavati hrade vidyamānatvāt / sarvasapakṣavipakṣavyāvṛtto'sādhāraṇaḥ / yathā śabdo nityaḥ śabdatvād iti / śabdatvaṃ sarvebhyo nityebhyo'ntyebhyaś ca vyāvṛttaṃ śabdamātravṛtti / anvayavyatirekadṛṣṭāntarahito'nupasaṃhārī / yathā sarvam anityaṃ prameyatvād iti / atra sarvasyāpi pakṣatvād dṛṣṭānto nāsti //

sādhyābhāvavyāpto hetur viruddhaḥ / yatra śabdo nityaḥ kṛtakatvād iti / kṛtakatvaṃ hi nityatvābhāvenānityatvena vyāptam //

yasya sādhyabhāvasādhakaṃ hetvantaraṃ vidyate sa satpratipakṣaḥ / yathā śabdo nityaḥ śrāvaṇatvāc chabdatvavad iti / śabdo'nityaḥ kāryatvād ghaṭavad iti //

asiddhas trividhaḥ / āśrayāsiddhaḥ svarūpāsiddho vyāpyatvāsiddhaś ceti / āśrayāsiddho yathā gaganāravindaṃ surabhy aravindatvāt sarojāravindavat / atra gaganāravindam āśrayaḥ / sa ca nāsty eva / svarūpāsiddho yathā śabdo guṇaś cākṣuṣatvāt / atra cākṣuṣatvaṃ śabde nāsti śabdasya śrāvaṇatvāt / sopādhiko vyāpyatvāsiddhaḥ / sādhyavyāpakatve sati sādhanāvyāpaka upādhiḥ / sādhyasamānādhikaraṇātyantābhāvāpratiyogitvaṃ sādhyavyāpakatvam / sādhanavann iṣṭātyantābhāvapratiyogitvaṃ sādhāraṇāvyapakatvam / parvato dhūmavān vahnimattvād ity atrārdrendhasaṃyoga upādhiḥ / tathā hi / yatra dhūmas tatrārdrendhnasaṃyoga iti sādhyavyāpakatā / yatra vahnis tatrārdrendhanasaṃyogābhāvād iti sādhanāvyāpakatā / evaṃ sādhyavyāpakatve sati sādhanāvyāpakatvād ardrendhanasaṃyoga upādhiḥ / sopādhikatvād vahnimattvaṃ vyāpyatvāsiddham //

yasya sādhyābhāvaḥ pramāṇāntareṇa niścitaḥ sa bādhitaḥ / yathā vahnir anuṣṇo dravyatvād iti / atrānuṣṇatvaṃ sādhyaṃ tadabhāva uṣṇatvaṃ spārśanapratyakṣeṇa gṛhyata iti bādhitatvam //

upamitikaraṇam upamānam / saṃjñāsaṃjñisaṃbandhajñānam upamitiḥ / tatkaraṇaṃ sādṛśyajñānam / atideśavākyārthasmaraṇam avāntaravyāpāraḥ / tathā hi kaś cid gavayaśabdārtham ajānan kutaś cid āraṇyakapuruṣād gosadṛśo gavaya iti śrutvā vanaṃ gato vākyārthaṃ smaran gosadṛṣaṃ piṇḍaṃ paśyati / tadanantaram asau gavayaśabdavācya ity upamitir utpadyte //

āptavākyaṃ śabdaḥ / āptas tu yathārthavaktā / vākyaṃ padasamūhaḥ / yathā gām ānayeti / śaktaṃ padam / asmāt padād ayam artho boddhavya itīśvarasaṃketaḥ śaktiḥ //

ākāṅkṣā yogyatā saṃnidhiś ca vākyārthajñānahetuḥ / padasya padāntaravyatirekaprayuktānvayānanubhāvakatvam ākāṅkṣā / arthābādho yogyatā / padānāmavilambenoccāraṇaṃ saṃnidhiḥ //

ākāṅkṣādirahitaṃ vākyam apramāṇam / yathā gaur aśvaḥ puruṣo hastīti na pramāṇam ākāṅkṣāvirahāt / agninā siñced iti na pramāṇaṃ yogyatāvirahāt / prahare prehare'sahoccāritāni gām ānayetyādipadāni na pramāṇaṃ saṃnidhyabhāvāt //