Samkhya Sutras · Chapter 1

viṣayādhyāyaḥ
atha trividhaduḥkhātyantanivṛttiḥ atyanta puruṣārthaḥ

(paramapuruṣārthasvarūpaṃ)
na dṛṣṭāt tatsiddhiḥ, nivṛtte 'pyanuvṛtti darśanāt

(laukikopāyaiḥ duḥkhanivṛttyanupapattiḥ)
prātyahika kṣutpratīkāravat tatpratīkāra ceṣṭanāt puruṣārthatvaṃ

(laukikopāyaiḥ duḥkhanivṛttyanupapattiḥ)
sarvāsambhavāt, sambhave 'pi sattāsambhavāt heyaḥ pramāṇakuśalaiḥ

(laukikopāyaiḥ duḥkhanivṛttyanupapattiḥ)
utkarṣādapi mokṣasya sarvotkarṣaśruteḥ

(laukikopāyaiḥ duḥkhanivṛttyanupapattiḥ)
aviśeṣaścobhayoḥ

(vaidikopāyānāmapi duḥkhanivṛttyanupāyatā)
na svabhāvato baddhasya mokṣasādhanopadeśavidhiḥ

(bandhasya svābhāvikatvānupapattiḥ)
svabhāvasyānapāyitvāt, ananuṣṭhānalakṣaṇamaprāmāṇyaṃ

(bandhasya svābhāvikatvānupapattiḥ)
nāśakyopadeśavidhiḥ, upadiṣṭe 'pyanupadeśaḥ

(bandhasya svābhāvikatvānupapattiḥ)
śuklapaṭavat bījavaccet

(bandhasya svābhāvikatvānupapattiḥ), pū
śaktyudbhavānudbhavābhyāṃ nāśakyopadeśaḥ

(bandhasya svābhāvikatvānupapattiḥ), si
na kālayogato vyāpino nityasya sarvasambandhāt

(bandhasya kāladeśanimittakatvānupapattiḥ)
na deśayogato 'pyasmāt

(bandhasya kāladeśanimittakatvānupapattiḥ)
nāvasthāto dehadharmatvāttasyāḥ

(bandhasya avasthāviśeṣanimittakatvānupapattiḥ)
asaṅgo hyayaṃ puruṣa iti

(bandhasya avasthāviśeṣanimittakatvānupapattiḥ)
na karmaṇānyadharmatvāt atiprasakteśca

(bandhasya avasthāviśeṣanimittakatvānupapattiḥ)
vicitrabhogānupapattiḥ anyadharmatve

(bandhasya cittagātradharmatvānupapattiḥ)
prakṛtinibandhanāccenna tasyā api pāratantryaṃ

(bandhasya prakṛtinimittakatvānupapattiḥ)
na nityaśuddha buddhamukta svabhāvasya tadyogastadyogāhate

(bandhasya prakṛtinigittakatvānupapattiḥ)
nāvidyāto ' pyavastunā bandhāyogāt

(bandhasya avidyānimittakatvanirāsaḥ)
vastutve sindhāntahāniḥ

(bandhasya avidyānimittakatvanirāsaḥ)
vijātīyadvaitāpattiśca

(bandhasya avidyānimittakatvanirāsaḥ)
viruddhobhayarūpā cet

(bandhasya avidyānimittakatvanirāsaḥ), pū
na tādṛkpadārthāpratīteḥ

(bandhasya avidyānimittakatvanirāsaḥ), si
na vayaṃ ṣaṭpadārthavādinaḥ vaiśeṣikādivat

(bandhasya avidyānimittakatvanirāsaḥ), pū
aniyatatve 'pi nāyauktikasya saṃgrahaḥ, anyathā bālonmattādisamatvaṃ

(bandhasya avidyānimittakatvanirāsaḥ), si
nānādiviṣayoparāga nimittako 'pyasya

(bandhasya viṣayavāsanānimittakatvanirāsaḥ)
na bāhyābhyantarayoḥ uparajyopañjaka bhāvo 'pi deśavyavadhānāt srughnastha pāṭaliputrasthayoriva

(bandhasya viṣayavāsanānimittakatvanirāsaḥ)
dvayorekadeśalabdhoparāgānna vyavasthā

(bandhasya viṣayavāsanānimittakatvanirāsaḥ)
adṛṣṭavaśāccet

(banthasya viṣayavāsanānimittakatvanirāsaḥ), pū
na dvayorekakālayogādupakāryopakārakabhāvaḥ

(bandhasya viṣayavāsanānimittakatvanirāsaḥ), si
putrakarmavaditi cet

(bandhasya viṣayavāsanānimittakatvanirāsaḥ), pū
nāsti hi tatra sthira eka ātmā yo garbhādhānādikarmaṇā saṃskriyate

(bandhasya viṣayavāsanānimittakatva nirāsaḥ), si
sthirakāryāsiddheḥ kṣaṇikatvaṃ

(bandhādīnāṃ sarveṣāmapi kṣaṇikatva vādanirāsaḥ) ,pu
na pratyabhijñābādhāt

(bandhādīnāṃ sarveṣāmapi kṣaṇikatva vādanirāsaḥ) ,si
śrutinyāyavirośrvacca

(bandhādīnāṃ sarveṣāmapi kṣaṇikatva vādanirāsaḥ)
dṛṣṭāntāsiddheś ca

(bandhādīnāṃ sarveṣāmapi kṣaṇikatva vādanirāsaḥ)
yugapajjāyamānayoḥ na kāryakāraṇabhāvaḥ

(bandhādīnāṃ sarveṣāmapi kṣaṇikatva vādanirāsaḥ)
pūrvāpāye uttarāyogāt

(bandhādīnāṃ sarveṣāmapi kṣaṇikatva vādanirāsaḥ)
tadbhāve tadayogāt ubhayavyabhicārādapi na

(bandhādīnāṃ sarveṣāmapi kṣaṇikatva vādanirāsaḥ)
pūrvabhāvamātre na niyamaḥ

(bandhādīnāṃ sarveṣāmapi kṣaṇikatva vādanirāsaḥ)
na vijñānamātraṃ bāhyapratīteḥ

(bandhādīnāṃ vijñānamātrasvarūpatvanirāsaḥ)
tadabhāve tadabhāvāt śūnyaṃ tarhi

(bandhādīnāṃ vijñānamātrasvarūpatvanirāsaḥ)
śūnyaṃ tattvaṃ, bhāvo vinaśyati, vastudharmatvāt vināśasya

(sarvaśūnyatāvādakhaṇḍanaṃ), pū
apavādamātraṃ abuddhānāṃ

(sarvaśūnyatāvādakhaṇḍanaṃ), si
ubhayapakṣasamānakṣematvādayamapi

(sarvaśūnyatāvādakhaṇḍanaṃ)
apuruṣārthatvamubhayathā

(sarvaśūnyatāvādakhaṇḍanaṃ)
na gativiśeṣāt

(ātmano gativiśeṣasya bandhanimittatvanirāsaḥ)
niṣkriyasya tadasambhavāt

(ātmano gativiśeṣasya bandhanimittatvanirāsaḥ)
mūrtatvāt ghaṭādivat samānadharmāpattau apasiddhāntaḥ

(ātmano gativiśeṣasya bandhanimittatvanirāsaḥ)
gatiśrutirapi upādhiyogādākāśavat

(ātmano gativiśeṣasya bandhanimittatvanirāsaḥ)
na karmaṇāpyataddharmatvāt

(karmaṇo bandhanimittatvanirāsaḥ)
atiprasaktiḥ anyadharmatve

(karmaṇo bandhanimittatvanirāsaḥ)
nirguṇādi śrutivirodhaśceti

(karmaṇo bandhanimittatvanirāsaḥ)
tadyogo 'pyavivekānna samānatvaṃ

(avivekanimittaprakṛtipuruṣasaṃyogasyaiva bandhahetutvaṃ)
niyatakāraṇāttaducchittiḥ dhvāntavat

(vivekasyaiva aviveka nāśahetutvaṃ)
pradhānāvivekāt anyāvivekasya taddhāne hānaṃ

(vivekasyaiva aviveka nāśahetutvaṃ)
vāḍmātraṃ na tutattvaṃ cittasthiteḥ

(cittasthitasyāpi puruṣasaṃkrāntasya bandhasya svātmasākṣātkāra nivartyatvaṃ)
yuktito 'pi na bādhyate diṅmūḍhavaparokṣāhate

(cittasthitasyāpi puruṣasaṃkrāntasya bandhasya svātmasākṣātkāra nivartyatvaṃ)
acākṣuṣāṇāmanumānena bodhaḥ dhūmādibhiriva vahnaiḥ

(prakṛtipuruṣayorānumānikatvaṃ)
satvarajastamasāṃ sāmyāvasthā prakṛtiḥ, prakṛtermahān, mahāto 'haṅkāraḥ, ahaṅkārāt pañcatanmātrāṇi, ubhayamindriyaṃ tanmātrebhyaḥ,sthūlabhūtāni puruṣaḥ iti pañcaviṃśatirgaṇaḥ

(pañcaviṃśatitattvasiddhiḥ)
sthūlāt pañcatanmātrasya

(pañcaviṃśatitattvasiddhiḥ)
bāhyābhyantarābhyāṃ taiścāhaṅkārasya

(pañcaviṃśatitattvasiddhiḥ)
tenāntaḥ karaṇasya

(pañcaviṃśatitattvasiddhiḥ)
tataḥ prakṛteḥ

(pañcaviṃśatitattvasiddhiḥ)
saṃhataparārthatvāt puruṣasya

(pañcaviṃśatitattvasiddhiḥ)
mūle mūlābhāvādamūlaṃ mūlaṃ

(prakṛtereva sarvajaganmūlatvaṃ)
pārampayai'pi ekatra pariniṣṭheti saṃjñāmātraṃ

(prakṛtereva sarvajaganmūlatvaṃ)
samājaḥ prakṛterdvayoḥ

(prakṛtereva sarvajaganmūlatvaṃ)
adhikāritraividhyāt na niyamaḥ

(vivekamananasya asārvatrikatve hetuḥ)
mahadākhyaṃ ādyaṃ kāryaṃ tanmanaḥ

(mahattatvasvarūpaṃ)
caramo 'haṅkāraḥ

(ahaṅkāratatvasvarūpaṃ)
tatkāryatvamuttareṣāṃ

(tanmātrādīnāṃ ahaṅkārakāryatve 'pi prakṛtikāryatvopapatiḥ)
ādyahetutā taddvārā pāramparye 'pyaṇuvat

(tanmātrādīnāṃ ahaṅkārakāryatve 'pi prakṛtikāryatvopapatiḥ)
pūrvabhāvitve dvayorekatarasya hāne anyatarayogaḥ

(prakṛtereva sarvakāraṇatte niyāmakaṃ)
na paricchinnaṃ sarvopādānaṃ

(prakṛtereva sarvakāraṇatve niyāmakaṃ)
tadutpāttiśruteśca

(prakṛtereva sarvakāraṇatve niyāmakaṃ)
nāvastuno vastusiddhiḥ

(śūnyasya jagatkāraṇatāyāḥ,jagataḥ śūnyatāyāśca khaṇḍanaṃ)
abādhāt aduṣṭakāraṇa janyatvācca nāvastutvaṃ

(śūnyasya jagatkāraṇatāyāḥ,jagataḥ śūnyatāyāśca khaṇḍanaṃ)
bhāve tadyogena tatsiddhiḥ, abhāve tadabhāvāt kutastarāṃ tatsiddhiḥ

(śūnyasya jagatkāraṇatāyāḥ,jagataḥ śūnyatāyāśca khaṇḍanaṃ)
na karmaṇa upādānatvāyogāt

(karmaṇāṃ jagadapādānātā nirāsaḥ)
nānuśravikādapi tatsiddhiḥ, sādhyatvenā'vṛttiyogādapuruṣārthatvaṃ

(laukika vaidika karmaṇāṃ paramapuruṣārthahetutvakhaṇḍanaṃ)
tatra prāptivivekasya anāvṛttiśrutiḥ

(laukika vaidika karmaṇāṃ paramapuruṣārthahetutvakhaṇḍanaṃ)
duḥkhādduḥkhaṃ jalabhiṣekavanna jāḍyavimokaḥ

(laukika vaidika karmaṇāṃ paramapuruṣārthahetutvakhaṇḍanaṃ)
kāmye 'kāmyepi sādhyatvāviśeṣāt

(laukika vaidika karmaṇāṃ paramapuruṣārthahetutvakhaṇḍanaṃ)
vijamuktasya bandhadhvaṃsamātraṃ, paraṃ na samānatvaṃ

(laukika vaidika karmaṇāṃ paramapuruṣārthahetutvakhaṇḍanaṃ)
dvayorekatarasyavāpyasannikṛṣṭārthaparicchittiḥ pramā, tatsādhakatamaṃ yattattrividhaṃ pramāṇaṃ

(pramā svarūpaṃ, pramāṇeyattā ca)
tatsiddhau sarvasiddheḥ nādhikyasiddhiḥ

(pramā svarūpaṃ, pramārṇayattāca)
yat saṃbaddhaṃ sat tadākārollekhi vijñānaṃ tat pratyakṣaṃ

(pratyakṣalakṣaṇaṃ)
yogināmabāhyapratyakṣatvāt na doṣaḥ

(pratyakṣalakṣaṇaṃ)
līnavastulabdhātiśayasambandhādvādoṣaḥ

(pratyakṣalakṣaṇaṃ)
īśvarāsiddheḥ

(tadaṅgatayā īśvarasattā nirāsaḥ)
muktāmuktayoḥ atyatarābhāvānna tatsiddhiḥ

(tadaṅgatayā īśvarasattā nirāsaḥ)
ubhayathāpyasatkaratvaṃ

(tadaṅgatayā īśvarasattā nirāsaḥ)
muktātmanaḥ praśaṃsā upāsā siddhasya vā

(tadaṅgatayā īśvarasattā nirāsaḥ)
tatsannidhānāt adhiṣṭhātṛtvaṃ maṇivat

(tadaṅgatayā īśvarasattā nirāsaḥ)
viśeṣakāryeṣvapi jīvānāṃ

(tadaṅgatayā īśvarasattā nirāsaḥ)
siddharūpa boddhṛtvāt vākyārthopadeśaḥ

(tadaṅgatayā īśvarasattā nirāsaḥ)
antaḥ karaṇasya tadujjvalitatvāt lohavat adhiṣṭhātṛtvaṃ

(antaḥ karaṇasyaiva mukhyamadhiṣṭhānatvaṃ)
pratibandhadṛśaḥ pratibaddhajñānamanumānaṃ

(anumāna lakṣaṇaṃ)
āptopadeśaḥ śabdaḥ

(śabda lakṣaṇaṃ)
ubhayasiddhiḥ pramāṇāttadupadeśaḥ

(pramāṇasvarūpavivecana phalaṃ)
sāmānyato dṛṣṭādubhayasiddhiḥ

(sāmānyatodṛṣṭarūpānumānaviśeṣanirūpaṇaṃ)
cidavasāno bhogaḥ

(nirduṣṭaṃ pramāsvarūpaṃ)
akarturapi phalopabhogo 'nnādyavat

(kartṛtvaphalabhogayoḥ vaiyadhikaraṇyaśaṅkāyāḥ samādhānaṃ)
avivekādvā tatsiddheḥ kartuḥ phalāvagamaḥ

(kartṛtvaphalabhogayoḥ vaiyadhikaraṇyaśaṅkāyāḥ samādhānaṃ)
nobhayaṃ ca tatvākhyāne

(prakṛtyāderindriyāviṣayatvopādhayaḥ)
viṣayo 'viṣayo 'pyatidūrāderhānopādānābhyāmindriyasya

(prakṛtyāderindriyāviṣayatvopādhayaḥ)
saukṣmyāttadanupalarubdhiḥ

(prakṛtyāderindriyāviṣayatvopādhayaḥ)
kāryadarśanāttadupalabdheḥ

(prakṛtyāderindriyāviṣayatvopādhayaḥ)
vādivipratipatteḥ tadasiddhiriti cet

(satkāryavāda nirūpaṇaṃ), pū
tathāpyekataradṛṣṭyā ekatarasiddheḥ nāpalāpaḥ

(satkāryavāda nirūpaṇaṃ), si
trividhavirodhāpatteśca

(satkāryavāda nirūpaṇaṃ)
nāsadutpādo nṛśṛṅgavat

(asatkāryavādanirākaraṇaṃ)
upādānaniyamāt

(asatkāryavādanirākaraṇaṃ)
sarvatra sarvadā sarvāsambhavāt

(asatkāryavādanirākaraṇaṃ)
śaktasya śakyakaraṇāt

(asatkāryavādanirākaraṇaṃ)
kāraṇabhāvācca

(asatkāryavādanirākaraṇaṃ)
na bhāve bhāvayogaścet

(sataḥ kāryatvopapattiḥ), pū
nābhivyaktinibandhanau vyavahārāvyavahārau

(sataḥ kāryatvopapattiḥ), si
nāśaḥ kāraṇalayaḥ

(nāśasvarūpaṃ)
pāramparyato 'nveṣaṇā bījāṅkuravat

(abhivyaktipakṣe anavasthāparihāraḥ)
utpattivadadoṣaḥ

(abhivyaktipakṣe anavasthāparihāraḥ)
hetumadanityamavyāpi sakriyamanekamāśritaṃ liṅgaṃ

(kāryasvarūpaṃ)
āñjasyādabhedatovā guṇasāmānyādeḥ tatsiddhiḥ pradhānavyapadeśādvā

(kāryasvarūpaṃ)
triguṇācetanatvādi dvayoḥ

(kāryakāraṇayoḥ sādharmyavaidharmye)
prītyaprītiviṣādādyaiḥ guṇānāṃ anyonyaṃ vaidharmyaṃ

(kāryakāraṇayoḥ sādharmyavaidharmye)
ladhvaidi dharmaiḥ sādharmyaṃ ca guṇānāṃ

(kāryakāraṇayoḥ sādharmyavaidharmye)
ubhayānyatvāt kāryatvaṃ mahadāderghaṭādivat

(mahadādeḥ kāryatvopapattiḥ)
parimāṇāt

(mahadādeḥ kāryatvopapattiḥ)
samanvayāt

(mahadādeḥ kāryatvopapattiḥ)
śaktitaśceti

(mahadādeḥ kāryatvopapattiḥ)
taddhāne prakṛtiḥ puruṣo vā

(mahadādeḥ kāryatvopapattiḥ)
tayoranyatve tucchatvaṃ

(mahadādeḥ kāryatvopapattiḥ)
kāryātkāraṇānumānaṃ tatsāhityāt

(kāryaiḥ kāraṇānumānavidhiḥ)
avyaktaṃ triguṇālliṅgāt

(kāryebhyaḥ prakṛteḥ vaidharmyaṃ)
tatkāryatastatsiddhernāpalāpaḥ

(kāryebhyaḥ prakṛteḥ vaidharmyaṃ)
sāmānyena vivādābhāvāt dharmavanna sādhanaṃ

(puruṣāstitva sādhanaṃ)
śarīrādivyatiriktaḥ pumān

(puruṣāstitva sādhanaṃ)
saṃhataparārthatvāt

(puruṣāstitva sādhanaṃ)
triguṇādiviparyayāt

(puruṣāstitva sādhanaṃ)
adhiṣṭhānācceti

(puruṣāstitva sādhanaṃ)
bhotṛbhāvāt

(puruṣāstitva sādhanaṃ)
kaivalyārthaṃ pravṛtteśca

(puruṣāstitva sādhanaṃ)
jaḍaprakāśāyogātprakāśaḥ

(puruṣasya prakāśasvarūpatvaṃ)
nirguṇatvānnaciddharmā

(prakāśātmanoḥ dharmadharmibhāva nirākaraṇaṃ)
śrutyā siddhasya nāpalāpastatpratyakṣabodhāt

(prakāśātmanoḥ dharmadharmibhāva nirākaraṇaṃ)
suṣuptyādyasākṣitvaṃ

(prakāśātmanoḥ dharmadharmibhāva nirākaraṇaṃ)
janmāduvyavasthātaḥ puruṣabahutvaṃ

(puruṣabahutva sādhanaṃ)
upādhibhede 'pyekasya nānāyogaḥ ākāśasyeva ghaṭādibhiḥ

(puruṣabahutva sādhanaṃ)
upādhirbhidyate na tu tadvān

(puruṣabahutva sādhanaṃ)
evamekatvena parivartamānasya na viruddha dharmādhyāsaḥ

(puruṣabahutva sādhanaṃ)
anyadharmatve 'pi nāropāttatsiddhirekatvāt

(puruṣabahutva sādhanaṃ)
nādvaitaśrutivirodho jātiparatvāt

(ātmaikyavādopapattiḥ)
viditabandhakāraṇasya dṛṣṭyātadrūpaṃ

(ātmaikyavādopapattiḥ)
nāndhādṛṣṭyā cakṣuṣmatāmanupalambhaḥ

(ātmaikyavādopapattiḥ)
vāmadevādirmukto nādvaitaṃ

(ātmaikyavādopapattiḥ)
anādāvadyāvadabhāvādbhaviṣyadapyevaṃ

(ātmaikyavādopapattiḥ)
idīnīmiva sarvatra nātyantocchedaḥ

(ātmaikyavādopapattiḥ)
vyāvṛttobhayarūpaḥ

(ātmanāṃ sadaikarūpatvaṃ)
sākṣātsambandhātsākṣitvaṃ

(ātmanāṃ sadaikarūpatvaṃ)
nityamuktatvaṃ

(ātmanāṃ sadaikarūpatvaṃ)
audāsīnyaṃ ceti

(ātmanāṃ sadaikarūpatvaṃ)
uparāgātkartṛtvaṃ citsānnidhyāt citsānnidhyāt

(puruṣārthasvarūpanigamanaṃ)
Tattvasamāsasūtrāṇi (kapilamaharṣipraṇītāni)
[i.e., Tattvasamāsa, an abstract of Sāṃkhya philosophy]
1. Tattvapādaḥ
aṣṭau prakṛtayaḥ

ṣoḍaśa vikārāḥ

puruṣaḥ

traiguṇyaṃ

saṃcaraḥ

pratisaṃcaraḥ

adhyātmam

adhibhūtam

adhidaivatam