Nyāyasūtra with Vātsyāyana's Nyāyabhāṣya (with commentary) · Chapter 1

Reference system:
NyS_ = Nyāyasūtra
NySBh_ = Nyāyasūtrabhāṣya
********************** NySBh_1,1.1 **********************
pramāṇato 'rthapratipattau pravṛttisāmathyadirthavat pramāṇam|
pramāṇamantareṇa nārthapratipattiḥ|
nārthapratipattimantareṇa pravṛttisāmartham|
pramāṇena khalvayaṃ jñātārthamupalabhya tamīpsati va jihāsati vā|
tasyepsājihāsāprayuktasya samīhā pravṛttirityucyate|
sāmarthya punarasyāḥ phalenābhisambandhaḥ|
samīhamānasvamarthamabhīpsan jihāsan vā tamarthamāpnāti jahāti vā|
arthastu sukhaṃ sukhahetuśca|
so 'yaṃ pramāṇārtho 'parisaṃkhyeyaḥ, prāṇabhṛdbhedasyāparisaṃkhyetvāt|
arthavati ca pramāṇe pramātā prameyaṃ pramitirityarthavanti bhavanti|
kasmāt ? anyatamāpāye 'rthasyānupapatteḥ/
tatra yasyepsājihāsāprayuktasya pravṛttiḥ, sa pramātā|
sa yenārtha pramiṇoti vijānāti tatpramāṇam|
yo 'rthaḥ pramīyate
jñāyate tatprameyam/
kiṃ punastatvam ? sataśca sadbhāvo 'sataścāsadbhāva iti|
satsaditi gṛhyamāṇaṃ yathābhūtamaviparītaṃ tatvaṃ bhavati|
asaccāsaditi gṛhyamāṇaṃ yathābhūtamaviparītaṃ tacvaṃ bhavati|
kathaṃ punaruttarasya pramāṇenopalabdhiriti ?
satyupalabhyamāne tadvadanupalabdheḥ pradīpavat|
yathā darśakena pradīpena dṛśye guhyamāṇe tadiva yanna gṛhyate tatrāsti/
yadyabhaviṣyadidamiva vyajñāsyate vijñānābhāvānnāstīti|
tadevaṃ sataḥ prakāśakaṃ pramāṇamasadapi prakāśayatīti|
sacca khalu ṣoḍaśadhā vyūḍhamupadekṣyate|
tāsāṃ khalvāsāṃ sadvidhānām ---
NyS_1,1.1: pramāṇaprameyasaṃśayaprayojanadṛṣṭāntasiddhāntāvayavatarkanirṇayavādajalpavitaṇḍāhetvābhāsacchulajātinigrahasthānānāṃ tattvajñānānniḥśreyasādhigamaḥ//
nirdeśe yathāvacanaṃ vigrahaḥ|
cārthe dvandvaḥ samāsaḥ|
pramāṇādīnāṃ tatvamiti śaiṣikī ṣaṣṭhī|
tatvasya jñānaṃ niḥśreyasasyādhigama iti ca karmaṇi ṣaṣṭhyau|
ta etāvanto vidyamānārthāḥ|
eṣāmaviparītajñānārthamihopadeśaḥ|
so 'yamanavayavena tantrārtha uddiṣṭo veditavyaḥ/
ātmādeḥ khalu prameyasya tatvajñānātriḥśreyasādhigamaḥ taccaiduttarasūtreṇānūdyate|
heyaṃ tasya nirvartakaṃ hānamātyantikaṃ tasyopāyo 'dhigantavya ityetāni khalu catvāryarthapadāni samyagbuddhvā niḥśreyasamadhigacchati/
tatra saśayādīnāṃ pṛthagvacanamarthakame saṃśayādayo hi yathāsambhavaṃ pramāṇeṣu prameyeṣu cāntarbhavanto na vyatiraccinta iti|
satyamevametat, imāstu catastro vidyāḥ pṛthakprasthānāḥ prāṇabhṛtāmanugrahāyopadiśyante, yāsāṃ
caturrthāyamānvīkṣikī nyāyavidyā|
tasyāḥ pṛthakprasthānāḥ saṃśayādayaḥ padārthāḥ|
teṣā pṛthagvacanamantareṇādhyātmavidyāmātramiyaṃ syāt, yathopaniṣadaḥ|
tasmāt saṃśayādibhiḥ padārthaiḥ pṛthak prasthāpyate/
tatra nānupalabdhe na niṇaute 'rtheḥ pravarttate|
ki tarhi ? saṃśayite 'rthe|
tathācoktam, vimṛśya pakṣapratipakṣābhyāmarthāvadhāraṇaṃ nirṇayaḥ //
(1.1 . 41) iti|
vimarśaḥ saṃśayaḥ|
pakṣapratipakṣau nyāyapravṛttiḥ|
arthāvadhāraṇaṃ nirṇayastatvajñānamiti|
sa cāyaṃ kiṅkhiditi vastuvimarśamātramanavadhāraṇaṃ jñānaṃ saṃśayaḥ|
sa ca prameye 'ntabhavannevamartha pṛthagucyate iti/
artha prayojanam, yena prayuktaḥ pravartate tat prayojanam, yamarthamabhopsan jihāsan vā karmārabhate|
tenānena sarve prāṇinaḥsarvāṇi karmāṇi sarvāśca vidyā vyāptāḥ|
tadāśrayaśca nyāyaḥ pravartate|
kaḥ nunarayaṃ nyāyaḥ? pramāṇairarthaparīkṣaṇam|
pratyakṣāgamāśritaṃ cānumanam|
sānvīkṣā|
pratyakṣāgamābhyāmīkṣitasyārthasyānvīkṣaṇamanvīkṣā|
tayā pravartata ityānvīkṣakī nyāyavidyā nyāyaśāstram|
yatpunaranumānaṃ pratyakṣāgamaviruddha nyāyābhāsaḥ sa iti/
tatra vādajalpau saprayojanau, vitaṇḍā tu parikṣyate|
vitaṇḍayā pravatāmāno vaitaṇḍikaḥ|
sa prayojanamanuyukto yadi pratipadyate, so 'sya pakṣāḥ so 'sya siddhānta iti vaitaṇḍikatvaṃ jahāti|
atha na pratipadyate nāyaṃ laukiko na parīkṣaka ityāpadyate/
athāpi parapakṣapratiṣedhajñāpanaṃ prayojanaṃ bravīti, etadapi tādṛgeva|
yo jñāpayati, yo jānāti, yena jñāpayate, yacca jñāpyate-etacca pratipadyate cadi, tadā vaitaṇḍikatvaṃ jahāti|
atha na pratipadyate, parapakṣapratiṣedhajñāpanaṃ prayojanamityetadasya vākyamanarthakaṃ bhavati/
vākyasamūhaśca sthāpanāhīno vitaṇḍā|
tasya yadyabhidheyaṃ pratipadhate so 'sya pakṣāḥ sthāpanīyo bhavati|
atha na pratipadyate pralāpamātramanarthakaṃ bhavati, vitaṇḍatvaṃ nivartata iti/
atha dṛṣṭāntaḥ|
pratyakṣaviṣayo 'rtho dṛṣṭāntaḥ, catra laukikaparīkṣakāṇāṃ darśanaṃ na vayāhanyate|
sa ca prameyam|
tasya pṛthagvacanaṃ ca|
tadāśrayāvanumānāgamau|
tasmin sati syātāmanumānāgamau, asati ca na syātām|
tadāśrayā nyāyapravṛttiḥ|
dṛṣṭāntavirodhena ca parapakṣapratiṣedho vacanīyo bhavati|
dṛṣṭānsamādhinā ca svapakṣaḥ sthāpanīyo bhavati|
nāstikaśca dṛṣṭāntamabhyupagacchan nāstikatvaṃ jahāti|
anabhyupagacchan kiṃsādhanaḥ paramupālabheta ?
niruktena ca dṛṣṭāntena śakyamabhidhātum,
sādhyasādharmyāt taddharmabhāvī dṛṣṭāṃnta udāharaṇam// ( 1.1.36 )
tadviparyayād vā viparītam // ( 1.1.37 )
iti
astyayamityabhyanujñāyamāno 'rthaḥ siddhāntaḥ|
sa ca prameyam|
tasya pṛthagvacanam, satsu siddhāntabhedeṣu vādajalpavitaṇḍāḥ pravartante, nātānyatheti/
sādhanīyasyārthasya yāvati śabdasamūhe siddhiḥ parisamāpyate, tasya pañcāvayavāḥ pratijñādayaḥ samūhamapekṣyāvayavā ucyante|
teṣu pramāṇasamavāyaḥ|
āgamaḥ pratijñā, heturanumānam, udāharaṇaṃ pratyakṣame upamānamupanayaḥ, sarveṣāmekārthasamavāye sāmarthyapradarśanaṃ nigamanamiti|
tadāśrayā ca tatvavyavasthā|
te caite 'vayavāḥ
śabdaviśeṣāḥ santaḥ prameye 'ntamūtā evamartha puthagracyanta iti/
tarko na pramāṇasaṃguhāto, na pramāṇāntaram, pramāṇānāmanugrāhakastatvajñānāya kalpate|
tasyodāharam, kimidaṃ janma kṛtakena hetunā nirvartyate, āhosvidakṛtakena, athākasmikamiti ? evamavijñātatatve 'rthe kāraṇopapatyā
uhaḥ pravatāte-yadi kṛtakena hetunā nirvartyate, hetūcchedādupapanno 'yaṃ janmocchadaḥ|
athākṛtakena hetunā, tato henūcchedasyāśakyatvādanupapanno janmocchedaḥ|
athākāsmikam, ato 'kasmānnirvartyamānaṃ na punarnirvartsyatīti nivṛttikāraṇaṃ nopapadyate|
tena janmānuccheda iti|
etasmiṃstarkaviṣaye karmanimitaṃ janmeti pramāṇāni pravartamānāni
tarkeṇānugṛhyante|
tanvajñānaviṣayasya ca vibhāgāt tatvajñānāya kalpate tarka iti|
so 'yamitthamabhūtastarkaḥ pramāṇasahito vāde sādhanāyopālambhāya cārthasya bhavatītyevamartha pṛthagucyate prameyāntabhūto 'pīti/
nirṇayastatvajñānaṃ pramāṇānāṃ phalam|
tadavasāno vādaḥ|

tasya pālanārtha jalpavitaṇḍe|
tāvetau tarkanirṇayau
lokayātrāṃ vahata iti|
so 'yaṃ nirṇayaḥ prameyāntarbhūta evamartha pṛthaguddiṣṭa iti/
vādaḥ khalu nānāpravaktṛkaḥ pratyadhikaraṇasādhano 'nyatarādhikaraṇanirṇayāvāsāno vākyasamūhaḥ pṛthaguddiṣṭa upalakṣaṇārtham, upalakṣitena vyavahārastatvajñānāya bhavatīti/
tadviśeṣau jalavitaṇḍe tatvādhyāvasāyasaṃrakṣaṇārthatamityaktam/
nigrahasthānabhyaḥ pṛthaguddiṣṭa hetvābhāsāḥ, vāde caudanīyā bhaviṣyantīti|
jalpavitaṇḍayostu nigrahasthānānīti/
chalajātinigrahasthānānāṃ pṛthagupadeśa upalakṣaṇārthaḥ|
upalakṣitānāṃ svāvakye parivarjanaṃ chalajātinigrahasthānānāṃ paravākye paryanuyogaḥ|
jātestu pareṇapra yujyamāṇāyāḥ sulabhaḥ samādhiḥ, svayaṃ ca sukaraḥ prayoga iti/
seyamānvīkṣikī pramāṇādibhiḥ padārthairvibhajyamānā--
pradīpaḥ sarvavidyānāmupāyaḥ sarvakarmaṇām/
āśrayaḥ sarvadharmāṇāṃ vidyoddeśe prakīrtitā //iti//
tadidaṃ tatvajñānaṃ niḥśreyasādhigamaśca yathāvidyaṃ vedatavyam|
iha tvadhyātmavidyāyāmātmādijñānaṃ tatvajñānam/
niḥśreyasādhigamāpavargaprāptiriti