Nyāyasūtra with Vātsyāyana's Nyāyabhāṣya (with commentary) · Chapter 3

iti vātsyāyanīye nyāyābhāṣye dvitīyādhyāyasyādyam āhnikam/
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atha dvitīyādhyāyasya dvitīyam āhnikam
ayathārthaḥ pramāṇoddeśa iti matvāha---
NyS_2,2.1: na catuṣṭvam aitihyārthāpattisambhavābhāvaprāmāṇyāt ||
na catvāry eva pramāṇāni/ kiṃ tarhi? aitihyam arthāpattiḥ sambhavo 'bhāva ity etāny api pramāṇāni,
% pramāṇāni,] p.573
tāni kasmān noktāni/ itihocur ity anirdiṣṭapravaktṛkam pravādapāramparyam aitihyam/ arthād āpattir arthāpattiḥ/ āpattiḥ prāptiḥ prasaṅgaḥ/ yatrābhidhīyamāne 'rthe yo 'nyo 'rthaḥ prasajyate so 'rthāpattiḥ/ yathā megheṣv asatsu vṛṣṭir na bhavatīti/
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kim atra prasajyate? satsu bhavatīti/ sambhavo nāmāvinābhāvino 'rthasya sattāgrahaṇād anyasya sattāgrahaṇam/ yathā droṇasya sattāgrahaṇād āḍhakasya sattāgrahaṇam, āḍakasya sattāgrahaṇāt prasthasyeti/ abhāvo virodhy abhūtaṃ bhūtasya, avidyamānaṃ varṣakarma vidyamānasya vāyvabhrasaṃyogasya pratipādakam, vidhārake hi vāyvabhrasaṃyoge gurutvād apāṃ patanakarma na bhavatīti

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satyam etāni pramāṇāni, na tu pramāṇāntarāṇi/ pramāṇāntaraṃ ca manyamānena pratiṣedha ucyate/ so 'yam---
NyS_2,2.2: śabda aitihyānarthāntarabhāvād anumāne 'rthāpattisambhavābhāvānarthāntarabhāvāc cāpratiṣedhaḥ ||
anupapannaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ/ katham? ``āptopadeśaḥ śabdaḥ'' iti/ na ca śabdalakṣaṇam aitihyād vyāvartate; so 'yaṃ bhedaḥ sāmānyāt saṃgṛhyata iti/ pratyakṣeṇāpratyakṣasya sambaddhasya pratipattir anumānam/
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tathā cārthāpattisambhavābhāvaḥ/ vākyārthasampratyayenānabhihitasyārthasya pratyanīkabhāvād grahaṇam arthāpattir anumānam eva/ avinābhāvavṛttyā ca sambaddhayoḥ samudāyasamudāyinoḥ samudāyenetarasya grahaṇaṃ sambhavaḥ,
% vṛttyā ca sambaddhayoḥ samudāyasamudāyinoḥ samudāyenetarasya grahaṇaṃ sambhavaḥ,] p.577
tad apy anumānam eva/ asmin satīdaṃ nopapadyata iti virodhitve prasiddhe kāryānupapattyā kāraṇasya pratibandhakam anumīyate/ so 'yaṃ yathārtha eva pramāṇoddeśa iti

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satyam etāni pramāṇāni na tu pramāṇāntarāṇīty uktam, atrārthāpatteḥ pramāṇabhāvābhyanujñā nopapadyate/ tathā hīyam---
NyS_2,2.3: arthāpattir apramāṇam anaikāntikatvāt ||
asatsu megheṣu vṛṣṭir na bhavatīti satsu bhavatīty etad arthād āpadyate, satsv api caikadā na bhavati/ seyam arthāpattir apramāṇam iti

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nānaikāntikatvam arthāpatteḥ---
NyS_2,2.4: anarthāpattāv arthāpattyabhimānāt ||
asati kāraṇe kāryaṃ notpadyata iti vākyāt pratyanīkabhūto 'rthaḥ sati kāraṇe kāryam utpadyata ity arthād āpadyate/ abhāvasya hi bhāvaḥ pratyanīka iti/ so 'yaṃ kāryotpādaḥ sati kāraṇe 'rthād āpadyamāno na kāraṇasya sattāṃ vyabhicarati/ na khalv asati kāraṇe kāryam utpadyate tasmān nānaikāntikī/
yat tu sati kāraṇe nimittapratibandāt kāryaṃ notpadyata iti kāraṇadharmo 'sau na tv arthāpatteḥ prameyam/ kiṃ tarhy asyāḥ prameyam? sati kāraṇe kāryam utpadyata iti yo 'sau kāryotpādaḥ kāraṇasya sattāṃ na vyabhicatati tad asyāḥ prameyam/ evaṃ tu saty anarthāpattāv arthāpattyabhimānaṃ kṛtvā pratiṣedha ucyata iti/
% saty anarthāpattāv arthāpattyabhimānaṃ kṛtvā pratiṣedha ucyata iti/] p.580
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NyS_2,2.5: pratiṣedhāprāmāṇyaṃ cānaikāntikatvāt ||
arthāpattir na pramāṇam anaikāntikatvād iti vākyaṃ pratiṣedhaḥ/ tenānenārthāpatteḥ pramāṇatvaṃ pratiṣidhyate na sadbhāvaḥ, evam anaikāntiko bhavati/ anaikāntikatvād apramāṇenānena na kaścid arthaḥ pratiṣidhyata iti

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atha manyase niyataviṣayeṣv artheṣu svaviṣaye vyabhicāro bhavati, na ca pratiṣedhasya sadbhāvo viṣayaḥ? evaṃ tarhi---
NyS_2,2.6: tatprāmāṇye vā nārthāpattyaprāmāṇyam ||
arthāpatter api kāryotpādena kāraṇasattāyā avyabhicāro viṣayaḥ/ na ca kāraṇadharmo nimittapratibandhāt kāryānutpādakatvam iti

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abhāvasya tarhi pramāṇabhāvābhyanujñā nopapadyate/ katham iti?
NyS_2,2.7: nābhāvaprāmāṇyaṃ prameyāsiddheḥ ||
abhāvasya bhūyasi prameye lokasiddhe vaiyātyād ucyate nābhāvaprāmāṇyaṃ prameyāsiddher iti

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athāyam arthabahutvād arthaikadeśa udāhriyate---
NyS_2,2.8: lakṣiteṣv alakṣaṇalakṣitatvād alakṣitānāṃ tatprameyasiddheḥ ||
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tasyābhāvasya sidhyati prameyam/ katham? lakṣiteṣu vāsaḥsu anupādeyeṣv upādeyānām alakṣitānām alakṣaṇalakṣitatvād lakṣaṇābhāvena lakṣitatvād iti/ ubhayasannidhāv alakṣitāni vāsāṃsy ānayeti prayukto yeṣu vāsaḥsu lakṣaṇāni na bhavanti tāni lakṣaṇābhāvena pratipadyate, pratipadya cānayati, pratipattihetuś ca pramāṇam iti

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NyS_2,2.9: asaty arthe nābhāva iti cen nānyalakṣaṇopapatteḥ ||
yatra bhūtvā kiñcin na bhavati tatra tasyābhāva upapadyate/ na cālakṣiteṣu vāsaḥsu lakṣitāni bhūtvā na bhavanti, tasmāt teṣu lakṣaṇābhāvo 'nupapanna iti/
%'nupapanna iti] p.585
nānyalakṣaṇopapatteḥ---yathāyam anyeṣu vāsaḥsu lakṣaṇānām upapattiṃ paśyati naivam alakṣiteṣu/ so 'yaṃ lakṣaṇābhāvaṃ paśyann abhāvenārthaṃ pratipadyata iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.10 **********************
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NyS_2,2.10: tatsiddher alakṣiteṣv ahetuḥ ||
teṣu vāsaḥsu lakṣiteṣu siddhir vidhyamānatā yeṣāṃ bhavati na teṣām abhāvo lakṣaṇānām/ yāni ca lakṣiteṣu vidyante lakṣaṇāni teṣām alakṣiteṣv abhāva ity ahetuḥ/ yāni khalu bhavanti teṣām abhāvo vyāhata iti

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NyS_2,2.11: na lakṣaṇāvasthitāpekṣasiddheḥ ||
na brūmo yāni lakṣaṇāni bhavanti teṣām abhāva iti, kin tu keṣucil lakṣaṇāny avasthitāni anavasthitāni keṣucit, apekṣamāṇo yeṣu lakṣaṇānāṃ bhāvaṃ na paśyati tāni lakṣaṇābhāvena pratipadyata iti

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NyS_2,2.12: prāg utpatter abhāvopapatteś ca ||
abhāvadvaitaṃ khalu bhavati prāk cotpatter avidyamānatā, utpannasya cātmano hānād avidyamānatā/ tatrālakṣiteṣu vāsaḥsu prāg utpatter avidyamānatālakṣaṇo lakṣaṇānām abhāvo netara iti

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``āptopadeśaḥ śabdaḥ'' iti pramāṇabhāve viśeṣaṇaṃ bruvatā nānāprakāraḥ śabda iti jñāpyate/ tasmin sāmanyena vicāraḥ---kiṃ nityo 'thānitya iti/
vimarśahetvanuyoge ca vipratipatteḥ saṃśayaḥ/ ākāśaguṇaḥ śabdao vibhur nityo 'bhivyaktidharmaka ity eke/
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gandhādisahavṛttir dravyeṣu sanniviṣṭo gandhādivad avasthito 'bhivyaktidharmaka ity apare/
ākāśaguṇaḥ śabda utpattinirodhadharmako buddhivad ity apare/
mahābhūtasaṃkṣobhajaḥ śabdo 'nāśrita utpattidharmako nirodhadharmaka ity anye/ ataḥ saṃśayaḥ kim atra tattvam iti//
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anityaḥ śabda ity uttaram/ katham?---
NyS_2,2.13: ādhimattvād aindriyakatvāt kṛtakavad upacārāc ca ||
ādir yoniḥ kāraṇam ādīyate asmād iti/ kāraṇavad anityaṃ dṛṣṭam/ saṃyogavibhāgajaś ca śabdaḥ kāraṇavattvād anitya iti/ kā punar iyam arthadeśanā kāraṇavattvād iti? utpattidharmakatvāt; anityaḥ śabda iti---bhūtvā na bhavati vināśadharmaka iti/
sāṃśayikam etat---kim utpattikāraṇaṃ saṃyogavibhāgau śabdasya, āhosvid abhivyaktikāraṇam ity ata āha---aindriyakatvāt/ indriyapratyāsattigrāhya aindriyakaḥ/
kim ayaṃ vyañjakena samānadeśo 'bhivyajyate rūpādivat atha saṃyogajāc chabdāc chabdasantāne sati śrotrapratyāsanno gṛhyata iti? saṃyoganivṛttau śabdagrahaṇāt na vyañjakena samānadeśasya grahaṇam---dāruvraścane dāruparaśusaṃyoganivṛttau dūrasthena śabdo gṛhyate/ na ca vyañjakābhāve vyaṅgyagrahaṇaṃ bhavati,
% ca vayñjakābhāve vyaṅgyagrahaṇaṃ bhavati,] p.596
tasmān na vyañjakaḥ saṃyogaḥ, utpādake tu saṃyoge saṃyogajāc chabdāc chabdasantāne sati śrotrapratyāsannasya grahaṇam iti yuktaṃ saṃyoganivṛttau śabdasya grahaṇam iti/
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itaś ca śabda utpadyate nābhivyajyate---kṛtakavad upacārāt/ tīvraṃ mandam iti kṛtakam upacaryate, tīvraṃ sukhaṃ mandaṃ sukhaṃ tīvraṃ duḥkhaṃ mandaṃ duḥkham iti, upacaryate ca tīvraḥ śabdo mandaḥ śabda iti/
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vyañjakasya tathābhāvād grahaṇasya tīvramandatā rūpavad iti ced na abhibhavopapatteḥ---saṃyogasya vyañjakasya tīvramandatayā śabdagrahaṇasya tīvramandatā bhavati na tu śabdo bhidyate yathā prakāśasya tīvramandatayā rūpagrahaṇasyeti, tac ca na, evam abhibhavopapatteḥ---tīvro bherīśabdo mandaṃ tantrīśabdam abhibhavati na mandaḥ/ na ca śabdagrahaṇam abhibhāvakam, śabdaś ca na bhidyate, śabde tu bhidyamāne yukto 'bhibhavaḥ/ tasmād utpadyate śabdo nābhivyajyata iti/
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abhibhavānupapattiś ca vyañjakasamānadeśasyābhivyaktau prāptyabhāvāt---vyañjakena samānadeśe 'bhivyajyate śabda ity etasmin pakṣe nopapadyate 'bhibhavaḥ/ na hi bherīśabdena tantrīsvanaḥ prāpta iti/
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aprāpte 'bhibhava iti cet śabdamātrābhibhavaprasaṅgaḥ---atha manyeta asatyām prāptāv abhibhavo bhavatīti, evaṃ sati yathā bherīśabdaḥ kañcit tantrīsvanam abhibhavati evam antikasthopādānam iva davīyaḥstho pādānān api tantrīsvanān abhibhaved aprāpter aviśeṣāt/ tatra kvacid eva bheryāṃ praṇāditāyāṃ sarvalokeṣu samānakālās tantrīsvanā na śrūyeran iti/ nānābhūteṣu śabdasantāneṣu satsu śrotrapratyāsattibhāvena kasyacic chabdasya tīvreṇa mandasyābhibhavo yukta iti/
% mandasyābhibhavo yukta iti/] p.606
kaḥ punar ayam abhibhavo nāma? grāhyasamānajātīyagrahaṇakṛtam agrahaṇam abhibhavaḥ; yatholkāprakāśasya grahaṇārhasyādityaprakāśeneti

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NyS_2,2.14: na ghaṭābhāvasāmānyanityatvān nityeṣv apy anityavad upacārāc ca ||
na khalu ādimattvād anityaḥ śabdaḥ/ kasmāt? vyabhicārāt/ ādimataḥ khalu ghaṭābhāvasya dṛṣṭaṃ nityatvam/ katham ādimān? kāraṇavibhāgebhyo hi ghaṭo na bhavati/ katham asya nityatvam? yo 'sau kāraṇavibhāgebhyo na bhavati na tasyābhāvo bhāvena kadācin nivartyata iti/ yad apy aindriyakatvāt, tad api vyabhicarati, aindriyakaṃ ca sāmānyaṃ nityaṃ ceti/ yad api kṛtakavad upacārād iti, etad api vyabhicarati; nityeṣv anityavad upacāro dṛṣṭaḥ---tathā hi bhavati vṛkṣasya pradeśaḥ kambalasya pradeśaḥ evam ākāśasya pradeśaḥ ātmanaḥ pradeśa iti bhavatīti

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NyS_2,2.15: tattvabhāktayor nānātvasya vibhāgād avyabhicāraḥ ||
nityam ity atra kiṃ tāvat tattvam? arthāntarasyānutpattidharmakasyātmahānānupapattir nityatvam, tac cābhāve nopapadyate/ bhāktaṃ tu bhavati yat tatrātmānam ahāsīd yad bhūtvā na bhavati na jātu tat punar bhavati, tatra nitya iva nityo ghaṭābhāva ity ayaṃ padārtha iti/ tatra yathājātīyakaḥ śabdo na tathājātīyakaṃ kāryaṃ kiṃcin nityaṃ dṛśyata ity avyabhicāraḥ//
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yad api sāmānyanityatvād itīndriyapratyāsattigrāhyam aindriyakam iti---
NyS_2,2.16: santānānumānaviśeṣaṇāt ||
nityeṣv avyabhicāra iti prakṛtam/ nendriyagrahaṇasāmarthyāc chabdasyānityatvam/ kiṃ tarhi indriyapratyāsattigrāhyatvāt santānānumānaṃ tenānityatvam iti //
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yad api nityeṣv apy anityavad upacārād iti/ na---
NyS_2,2.17: kāraṇadravyasya pradeśaśabdenābhidhānāt ||
nityeṣv apy avyabhicāra iti/ evam ākāśapradeśaḥ ātmapradeśa iti nātrākāśātmanoḥ kāraṇadravyam abhidhīyate yathā kṛtakasya/ kathaṃ hy avidyamānam abhidhīyate,
avidyamānatā ca pramāṇato 'nupalabdheḥ/ kiṃ tarhi tatrābhidhīyate? saṃyogasyāvyāpyavṛttitvam---paricchinnena dravyenākāśasya saṃyogo nākāśaṃ vyāpnoti avyāpya vartata iti, tad asy kṛtakena dravyeṇa sāmānyam/ na hy āmalakayoḥ saṃyoga āśrayaṃ vyāpnoti/ sāmānyakṛtā ca bhaktir ākāśasya pradeśa iti/ anenātmapradeśo vyākhyātaḥ/ saṃyogavac ca śabdabuddhyādīnām avyāpyavṛttitvam iti/ parīkṣitā ca tīvramandatā śabdatattvaṃ na bhaktikṛteti/
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kasmāt punaḥ sūtrakārasyāsminn arthe sūtraṃ na śrūyata iti? śīlam idaṃ bhavgavataḥ sūtrakārasya bahuṣv adhikaraṇeṣu dvau pakṣau na vyavasthāpayati tatra śāstrasiddhāntāt tattvāvadhāraṇaṃ pratipattum arhatīti manyate/ śāstrasiddhāntas tu nyāyasamākhyātam anumataṃ bahuśākham anumānam iti

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athāpi khalv idam asti idaṃ nāstīti kuta etat pratipattavyam iti? pramāṇata upalabdher anupalabdheś ceti/ avidyamānas tarhi śabdaḥ---
NyS_2,2.18: prāg uccāraṇād anupalabdher āvaraṇādyanupalabdheś ca ||
prāg uccāraṇān nāsti śabdaḥ/ kasmāt? anupalabdheḥ/ ``sato nupalabdhir āvaraṇādibhyaḥ'' etan nopapadyate/ kasmāt? āvaraṇādīnām anupalabdhikāraṇānām agrahaṇāt---anenāvṛtaḥ śabdo nopalabhyata asannikṛṣṭaś cendriyavyavadhānād ity evamādi anupalabdhikāraṇaṃ na gṛhyata iti so 'yam anuccārito nāstīti/ uccāraṇam asya vyañjakaṃ tadabhāvād prāg uccāraṇād anupalabdhir iti/ kim idam uccāraṇaṃ nāmeti? vivakṣājanitena prayatnena koṣṭhyasya vāyoḥ preritasya kaṇṭhatālvādipratighātaḥ,
% prayatnena koṣṭhyasya vāyoḥ preritasya kaṇṭhatālvādipratighātaḥ,] p.615
yathāsthānaṃ pratighātād varṇābhivyaktir iti/ saṃyogaviśeṣo vai pratighātaḥ, pratiṣiddhaṃ ca saṃyogasya vyañjakatvam, tasmān na vyañjakābhāvād agrahaṇam, api tv abhāvād eveti/ so 'yam uccāryamāṇaḥ śrūyate śrūyamāṇaś cābhūtvā bhavatīti anumīyate/ ūrdhvaṃ coccāraṇān na śrūyate sa bhūtvā na bhavati abhāvān na śrūyata iti/ katham? āvaraṇādyanupalabdher ity uktam/ tasmād utpattitirobhāvadharmakaḥ śabda iti

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evaṃ ca sati tattvaṃ pāṃśubhir ivāvakirann idam āha---
NyS_2,2.19: tadanupalabdher anupalambhād āvaraṇopapattiḥ ||
yady anupalambhād āvaraṇaṃ nāsti, āvaraṇānupalabdhir api tarhy anupalambhāt nāstīti tasyā abhāvād apratiṣiddham āvaraṇam iti/ kathaṃ punar jānīte bhavān nāvaraṇānupalabdhir upalabhyata iti?
% iti] p.616
kim atra jñeyaṃ pratyātmavedanīyatvāt samānam---ayaṃ khalv āvaraṇam anupalambhamānaḥ pratyātmam eva saṃvedayate nāvaraṇam upalabha iti, yathā kuḍyenāvṛtasyāvaraṇam upalabhamānaḥ pratyātmam eva saṃvedayate/ seyam āvaraṇopalabdhivad āvaraṇānupalabdhir api saṃvedyaiveti/ evaṃ ca saty apahṛtaviṣayam uttaravākyam astīti

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abhyanujñāvādena tūcyate jātivādinā---
NyS_2,2.20: anupalambhād apy anupalabdhisadbhāvān nāvaraṇānupapattir anupalambhāt ||
yathānupalambhamānāpy āvaraṇānupalabdhir asti evam anupalabhyamānam apy āvaraṇam astīti yady abhyanujānāti bhavān anupalabhyamānāvaraṇānupalabdhir astīti abhyanujñāya ca vadati nāsty āvaraṇam anupalambhād iti, etasminn apy abhyanujñāvāde pratipattiniyamo nopapadyata iti

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NyS_2,2.21: anupalambhātmakatvād anupalabdher ahetuḥ ||
yad upalabhyate tad asti, yan nopalabhyate tan nāsti, ity anupalambhātmakam asad iti vyavasthitam/ upalabdhyabhāvaś cānupalabdhir iti seyam abhāvatvān nopalabhyate/ sac ca khalv āvaraṇaṃ tasyopalabdhyā bhavitavyaṃ na copalabhyate tasmān nāstīti/
% khalv āvaraṇaṃ tasyopalabdhyā bhavitavyaṃ na copalabhyate tasmān nāstīti/] p.619
tatra yad uktaṃ nāvaraṇānupapattir anupalambhād ity ayuktam iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.22 **********************
atha śabdasya nityatvaṃ pratijānānaḥ kasmād dhetoḥ pratijānīte---
% p.620
NyS_2,2.22: asparśatvāt ||
asparśam ākāśaṃ nityaṃ dṛṣṭam iti tathā ca śabda iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.23 **********************
so 'yam ubhayataḥ savyabhicāraḥ---sparśavāṃś cāṇur nityaḥ, asparśaṃ ca karmānityaṃ dṛṣṭam/
asparśatvād ity etasya sādhyasādharmyeṇodāharaṇam---
NyS_2,2.23: na karmānityatvāt ||
sādhyavaidharmyeṇodāharaṇam---
********************** NySBh_2,2.24 **********************
NyS_2,2.24: nāṇunityatvāt ||
ubhayasminn udāharaṇe vyabhicārāṇ na hetuḥ

********************** NySBh_2,2.25 **********************
% p.621
ayaṃ tarhi hetuḥ---
NyS_2,2.25: sampradānāt ||
sampradīyamānam avasthitaṃ dṛṣṭam, sampradīyate ca śabda ācaryeṇāntevāsane, tasmād avasthita iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.26 **********************
NyS_2,2.26: tadantarālānupalabdher ahetuḥ ||
yena sampradīyate yasmai ca, tayor antarāle 'vasthānam asya kena liṅgenopalabhyate/ sampradīyamāno 'hy avasthitaḥ sampradātur apaiti sampradānaṃ ca prāpnotīty avarjanīyam etat

********************** NySBh_2,2.27 **********************
% p.622
NyS_2,2.27: adhyāpanād apratiṣedhaḥ ||
adhyayanaṃ liṅgam, asati sampradāne 'dhyāpanaṃ na syād iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.28 **********************
NyS_2,2.28: ubhayoḥ pakṣayor anyatarasyādhyāpanād apratiṣedhaḥ ||
samānam adhyāpanam ubhayoḥ pakṣayoḥ saṃśayānivṛtteḥ, kim ācāryasthaḥ śabdo 'ntevāsinam āpadyate tad adhyāpanam,
% m āpadyate tad adhyāpanam,] p.623
āhosvin nṛtyopadeśavad gṛhītasyānukaraṇam adhyāpanam iti/ evam adhyāpanam aliṅgaṃ sampradānasyeti

********************** NySBh_2,2.29 **********************
ayaṃ tarhi hetuḥ---
NyS_2,2.29: abhyāsāt ||
abhyasyamānam avasthitaṃ dṛṣṭam/
pañcakṛtvaḥ paśyatīti rūpam avasthitaṃ punaḥ punar dṛśyate/ bhavati ca śabde 'bhyāsaḥ---daśakṭtvo 'dhīto 'nuvāko viṃśatikṛtvo 'dhīta iti/ tasmād avasthitasya punaḥ punar uccāraṇam abhyāsa iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.30 **********************
% p.624
NyS_2,2.30: nānyatve 'py abhyāsasyopacārāt ||
anavasthāne 'py abhyāsasyābhidhānaṃ bhavati dvir nṛtyatu bhavān trir nṛtyatu bhavān iti, dvir anṛtyat trir anṛtyad dvir agnihotraṃ juhoti dvir bhuṅkte

********************** NySBh_2,2.31 **********************
evaṃ vyabhicārāt pratiṣiddhahetāv anyaśabdasya prayogaḥ pratiṣidhyate---
NyS_2,2.31: anyad anyasmād ananyatvād ananyad ity anyatābhāvaḥ ||
yad idam anyad iti manyase tat svārthenānanyatvād anyan na bhavati, evam anyatāyā abhāvaḥ/ tatra yad uktam anyatve 'py abhyāsopacārād iti etad ayuktam iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.32 **********************
% p.625
śabdaprayogaṃ pratiṣedhataḥ śabdāntaraprayogaḥ pratiṣidhyate---
NyS_2,2.32: tadabhāve nāsty ananyatā tayor itaretarāpekṣasiddheḥ ||
anyasmād ananyatām upapādayati bhavān, upapādya cānyat pratyācaṣṭe ananyad iti ca śabdam anujānāti, prayuṅkte cānanyad ity etat samāsapadam, anyaśadbo 'yaṃ pratiṣedhena saha samasyate/ yadi cātrottaraṃ padaṃ nāsti kasyāyaṃ pratiṣedhena saha samāsaḥ? tasmāt tayor anyānanyaśabdayor itaro 'nanyaśabda itaram anyaśabdam apekṣamāṇaḥ sidhyatīti tatra yad uktam anyatāyā abhāva iti etad ayuktam iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.33 **********************
% p.627
astu tarhīdānīṃ śabdasya nityatvam---
NyS_2,2.33: vināśakāraṇānupalabdheḥ ||
yad anityaṃ tasya vināśaḥ kāraṇād bhavati yathā loṣṭasya kāraṇadravyavibhāgāt/ śabdaś ced anityas tasya vināśo yasmāt kāraṇād bhavati tad upalabhyeta, na copalabhyate tasmān nitya iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.34 **********************
% p.628
NyS_2,2.34: aśravaṇakāraṇānupalabdheḥ satataśravaṇaprasaṅgaḥ ||
yathā vināśakāraṇānupalabdher avināśaprasaṅga evam aśravaṇakāraṇānupalabdheḥ satataṃ śravaṇaprasaṅgaḥ/ vyañjakābhāvād aśravaṇam iti cet? pratiṣiddhaṃ vyañjakam/ atha vidyamānasya nirnimittam aśravanam iti vidyamānasya nirnimitto vināśa iti/ samānaś ca dṛṣṭavirodho nimittam antareṇa vināśe cāśravaṇe ceti

********************** NySBh_2,2.35 **********************
NyS_2,2.35: upalabhyamāne cānupalabhder asattvād anapadeśaḥ ||
anumānāc copalabhyamāne śabdasya vināśakāraṇe vināśakāraṇānupalabdher asattvād ity anapadeśaḥ, yathā yasmād viṣāṇī tasmād aśva iti/ kim anumānam iti cet? santānopapattiḥ/ upapāditaḥ śabdasantānaḥ saṃyogavibhāgajāc chabdāc chabdāntaraṃ tato 'ntat tato 'py anyad iti/ tatra kāryaḥ śabdaḥ kāraṇaśabdaṃ niruṇaddhi pratighātidravyasaṃyogas tv antyasya śabdasya nirodhakaḥ/
% pratighātidravyasaṃyogas tv antyasya śabdasya nirodhakaḥ/] p.629
dṛṣṭaṃ hi tiraḥpratikuḍyam antikasthenāpy aśravaṇaṃ śabdasya śravaṇaṃ dūrasthenāpy asati vyavadhāne iti/
% p.630
ghaṇṭāyām abhihanyamānāyāṃ tāras tārataro mando mandatara iti śrutibhedān nānāśabdasantāno 'vicchedena śrūyate/ tatra nitye śabde ghaṇṭāstham anyagataṃ vāvasthitaṃ santānavṛtti vābhivyaktikāraṇaṃ vācyam,
% santānavṛtti vābhivyaktikāraṇaṃ vācyam,] p.631
yena śrutisantāno bhavatīti śabdabhede vāsati śrutibheda upapādayitavya iti/ anitye tu śabde ghaṇṭāsthaṃ santānavṛtti saṃyogasahakāri nimittāntaraṃ saṃskārabhūtaṃ paṭu mandam anuvartate tastānuvṛttyā śabdasantānānuvṛttiḥ, paṭumandabhāvāc ca tīvramandatā śabdasya, tatkṛtaś ca śrutibheda iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.36 **********************
% p.633
na vai nimittāntaraṃ saṃskāra upalabhyate/ anupalabdher nāstīti?
NyS_2,2.36: pāṇinimittapraśleṣāc chabdābhāve nānupalabdhiḥ ||
pāṇikarmaṇā pāṇighaṇṭāpraśleṣo bhavati tasmiṃś ca sati śabdasantāno notpadyate ataḥ śravaṇānupapattiḥ/
% ataḥ śravaṇānupapattiḥ/] p.634
tatra pratighātidravyasaṃyogaḥ śabdasya nimittāntaraṃ saṃskārabhūtaṃ niruṇaddhīty anumīyate; tasya ca nirodhāc chabdasantāno notpadyate/ anutpattau śrutivicchedo yathā pratighātidravyasaṃyogād iṣoḥ kriyāhetau saṃskāre niruddhe gamanābhāva iti/ kampasantānasya sparśanendriyagrāhyasya coparamaḥ/ kāṃsyapātrādiṣu pāṇisaṃśleṣo liṅgaṃ saṃskārasantānasyeti/ tasmān nimittāntarasya saṃskārabhūtasya nānupalabdhir iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.37 **********************
% p.635
NyS_2,2.37: vināśakāraṇānupalabdheś cāvasthāne tannityatvaprasaṅgaḥ ||
yadi yasya vināśakāraṇaṃ nopalabhyate tad avatiṣṭhate, avasthānāc ca tasya nityatvaṃ prasajyate; evaṃ yāni khalv imāni śabdaśravaṇāni śabdābhivyaktaya iti matam, na teṣāṃ vināśakāraṇaṃ bhavatopapādyate, anupapādanād avasthānam avasthānāt teṣāṃ nityatvaṃ prasajyata iti/ atha naivam, na tarhi vināśakāraṇānupalabdheḥ śabdasyāvasthānān nityatvam iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.38 **********************
kampasamānāśrayasyānunādasya pāṇipraśleṣāt kampavat kāraṇoparamād abhāvaḥ/ vaiyadhikaraṇye hi pratighātidravyapraśleṣāt samānādhikaraṇasyaivoparamaḥ syād iti---
% p.636
NyS_2,2.38: asparśatvād apratiṣedhaḥ ||
yad idaṃ nākāśaguṇaḥ śabda iti pratiṣidhyate ayam anupapannaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ, asparśatvāc chabdāśrayasya/ rūpādisamānadeśasyāgrahaṇe śabdasantānopapatter asparśavyāpidravyāśrayaḥ śabda iti jñāyate na kampasamānāśraya iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.39 **********************
% p.637
pratidravyaṃ rūpādibhiḥ saha sanniviṣṭaḥ śabdaḥ samānadeśo vyajyata iti nopapadyate/ katham?---
NyS_2,2.39: vibhaktyantaropapatteś ca samāse ||
santānopapatteś ceti cārthaḥ/ tad vyākhyātam/ yadi rūpādayaḥ śabdāś ca pratidravyaṃ samastāḥ samuditāḥ samuditās tasmin samāse samudāye yo yathājātīyakaḥ sanniviṣṭas tasya tathā jātīyasyaiva grahaṇena bhavitavyaṃ śabde rūpādivat/ tatra yo 'yaṃ vibhāga ekadravye nānārūpā bhinnaśrutayo vidharmāṇaḥ śabdā abhivyajyamānāḥ śrūyante yac ca vibhāgāntaraṃ sarūpāḥ samānaśrutayaḥ sadharmāṇaḥ śabdās tīvramandadharmatayā bhinnāḥ śrūyante tad ubhayaṃ nopapadyate, nānābhūtānām utpadyamānānām ayaṃ dharmo naikasya vyajyamānasyeti/
% bhūtānām utpadyamānānām ayaṃ dharmo naikasya vyajyamānasyeti/] p.638
asti cāyaṃ vibhāgo vibhāgāntaraṃ ca, tena vibhāgopapatter manyāmahe na pratidravyaṃ rūpādibhiḥ saha śabdaḥ sanniviṣṭo vyajyata iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.40 **********************
dvividhaś cāyaṃ śabdo varṇātmako dhvanimātraś ca/ tatra varṇātmani tāvat---
NyS_2,2.40: vikārādeśopadeśāt saṃśayaḥ ||
dadhy atreti kecit ikāra itvaṃ hitvā yatvam āpadyata iti vikāraṃ manyante/ kecid ikārasya prayoge viṣayakṛte yad ikāraḥ sthānaṃ jahāti tatra yakārasya prayogaṃ bruvate/ saṃhitāyāṃ viṣaye ikāro na prayujyate tasya sthāne yakāraḥ prayujyate sa ādeśa iti ubhayam idam upadiśyate/ tatra na jñāyate kiṃ tattvam iti/
% p.639
ādeśopadeśas tattvam/ vikāropadeśe hy anvayasyāgrahaṇād vikārānanumānam---saty anvaye kiñcin nivartate kiñcid upajāyata iti śakyeta vikāro 'numātum/ na cānvayo gṛhyate tasmād vikāro nāstīti/
bhinnakaraṇayoś ca varṇayor aprayoge prayogopapattiḥ---vivṛtakaraṇa ikāra īṣatspṛṣṭakaraṇo yakāraḥ, tāv imau pṛthakkaraṇākhyena prayatnenoccāraṇīyau, tayor ekasyāprayoge 'nyasya prayoga upapanna iti/
avikāre cāviśeṣaḥ/ yatremāv ikārayakārau na vikārabhūtau---yatate, yacchati, prāyaṃsta, iti, ikāra idam iti ca, yatra ca vikārabhūtau iṣṭyā dadhy āhareti, ubhayatra prayoktur aviśeṣo yatnaḥ śrotuś ca śrutir ity ādeśopapattiḥ/
% p.640
prayujyamānāgrahaṇāc ca/ na khalv ikāraḥ prayujyamāno yakāratām āpadyamāno gṛhyate/ kiṃ tarhi? ikārasya prayoge yakāraḥ prayujyate, tasmād avikāra iti/
avikāre ca na śabdānvākhyānalopaḥ/ na vikriyante varṇā iti/ na caitasmin pakṣe śabdānvākhyānasyāsambhave yena varṇavikāraṃ pratipadyemahīti/
na khalv varṇasya varṇāntaraṃ kāryam, na hi ikārād yakāra utpadyate yakārād vā ikāraḥ/ pṛthaksthānaprayatnotpādyā hīme varṇāḥ teṣām anyonyasya sthāne prayujyata iti yuktam/ etāvac caitat pariṇāmo vā vikāraḥ syāt kāryakāraṇabhāvo vā/ ubhayaṃ ca nāsti tasmāt na santi varṇavikārāḥ/
varṇasamudāyavikārānupapattivac ca varṇavikārānupapattiḥ---``aster bhūḥ'' ``bruvo vacir'' iti yathā varṇasamudāyasya dhātulakṣaṇasya kvacid viṣaye varṇāntarasamudāyo na pariṇāmo na kāryaṃ śabdāntarasya sthāne śabdāntaraṃ prayujyate tathā varṇasya varṇānataram iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.41 **********************
% p.641
itaś ca na santi varṇavikārāḥ---
NyS_2,2.41: prakṛtivivṛddhau vikāravivṛddhiḥ ||
prakṛtyanuvidhānaṃ vikāreṣu dṛṣṭam, yakāre hrasvadīrghānuvidhānaṃ nāsti yena vikāratvam anumīyata iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.42 **********************
% p.642
NyS_2,2.42: nyūnasamādhikopalabdher vikārāṇām ahetuḥ ||
dravyavikārā nyūnāḥ samāḥ adhikāś ca gṛhyante/ tadvad ayaṃ vikāro nyūnaḥ syād iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.43 **********************
NyS_2,2.43: dvividhasyāpi hetor abhāvād asādhanaṃ dṛṣṭāntaḥ ||
atra nodāharaṇasādharmyād dhetur asti na vaidharmyāt/ anupasaṃhṛtaś ca hetunā dṛṣṭānto na sādhaka iti/
pratidṛṣṭānte cāniyamaḥ prasajyeta/ yathānuḍuhaḥ sthāne 'śvo voḍhuṃ niyukto na tadvikāro bhavati evam ivarṇasya sthāne yakāraḥ prayukto na vikāra iti/ na cātra niyamahetur asti---dṛṣṭāntaḥ sādhako na pratidṛṣṭānta iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.44 **********************
% p.643
dravyavikārodāharaṇaṃ ca---
NyS_2,2.44: nātulyaprakṛtīnāṃ vikāravikalpāt ||
atulyānāṃ dravyāṇāṃ prakṛtibhāvo vikalpate vikārāś ca prakṛtīr anuvidhīyante/ na tv ivarṇam anuvidhīyate yakāraḥ/ tasmād anudāharaṇaṃ dravyavikāra iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.45 **********************
% p.644
NyS_2,2.45: dravyavikāravaiṣamyavad varṇavikāravikalpaḥ ||
yathā dravyabhāvena tulyāyāḥ prakṛter vikāravaiṣamyam, evaṃ varṇābhāvena tulyāyāḥ prakṛter vikāravikalpa iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.46 **********************
NyS_2,2.46: na vikāradharmānupapatteḥ ||
ayaṃ vikāradharmā dravyasāmānye, yadātmakaṃ dravyaṃ mṛd vā suvarṇaṃ vā tasyātmano 'nvaye pūrvo vyūho nivartate, vyūhāntaraṃ copajāyate; taṃ vikāram ācaṣṭe/ na varṇasāmānye kaścic chabdātmā 'nvayī ya itthaṃ jahāti yatvaṃ cāpadyate/ tatra yathā sati dravyabhāve vikāravaiṣamye nānaḍuho 'śvo vikāro vikāradharmānupapatteḥ, evam ivarṇasya na yakāro vikāro vikāradharmānupapatter iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.47 **********************
% p.645
itaś ca na santi varṇavikārāḥ---
NyS_2,2.47: vikāraprāptānām apunarāpatteḥ ||
anupapannā punarāpattiḥ/ katham? punarāpatter ananumānād iti/ ikāro yakāratvam āpannaḥ punar ikāro bhavati, na punar ikārasya sthāne yakārasya prayogo 'prayogaś cety atrānumānaṃ nāsti

********************** NySBh_2,2.48 **********************
ananumānād iti na/ idaṃ hy anumānam---
NyS_2,2.48: suvarṇādīnāṃ punarāpatter ahetuḥ ||
suvarṇaṃ kuṇḍalatvaṃ hitvā rucakatvam āpadyate rucakatvaṃ hitvā punaḥ kuṇḍalatvam āpadyate, evam ikāro 'pi yakāratvam āpannaḥ punar ikāro bhavatīti

********************** NySBh_2,2.49 **********************
% p.646
vyabhicārād ananumānam yathā payo dadhibhāvam āpannaṃ punaḥ na payo bhavati kim evaṃ varṇānāṃ na punarāpattiḥ, atha suvarṇavat punarāpattir iti suvarṇodāharaṇopapattiś ca---
NyS_2,2.49: na tadvikārāṇāṃ suvarṇabhāvāvyatirekāt ||
avasthitaṃ suvarṇaṃ hīyamānena dharmeṇa upajāyamānena ca dharmi bhavati, naivaṃ kaścic chabdātmā hīyamānena itvenopajāyamānena yatvena dharmī gṛhyate, tasmāt suvarṇodāharaṇaṃ nopapadyata iti//
% p.647
varṇatvāvyatirekād varṇavikārāṇām apratiṣedhaḥ/ varṇavikārā api varṇatvaṃ na vyabhicaranti yathā suvarṇavikāraḥ suvarṇatvam iti/
sāmānyavato dharmayogo na sāmānyasya/ kuṇḍalarucakau suvarṇasya dharmau na suvarṇatvasya, evam ikārayakārau kasya varṇātmano dharmau? varṇatvaṃ sāmānyaṃ na tasyemau dharmau bhavitum arhati/ na ca nivartamāno dharma upajāyamānasya prakṛtis tatra nivartamāna ikāro na yakārasyopajāyamānasya prakṛtir iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.50 **********************
itaś ca varṇavikārānupapattiḥ---
NyS_2,2.50: nityatve 'vikārād anityatve cānavasthānāt ||
nityā varṇā ity etasmin pakṣe ikārayakārau varṇau ity ubhayor nityatvād vikārānupapattiḥ, nityatve 'vināśitvāt kaḥ kasya vikāra iti/ athānityā varṇā iti pakṣaḥ,
% pakṣaḥ] p.648
evam apy anavasthānaṃ varṇānām/ kim idam anavasthānaṃ varṇānām? utpadya nirodhaḥ/ utpadya niruddhe ikāre yakāra utpadyate yakāre cotpadya niruddhe ikāra utpadyata iti kaḥ kasya vikāraḥ? tad etad avagṛhya sandhāne sandhāya cāvagrahe veditavyam iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.51 **********************
nityapakṣe tu tāvat samādhiḥ---
NyS_2,2.51: nityānām atīndriyatvāt taddharmavikalpāc ca varṇavikārāṇām apratiṣedhaḥ ||
nityā varṇā na vikalpanta iti vipratiṣedhaḥ/ yathā nityatve sati kiñcid atīndriyaṃ kiñcid indriyagrāhyam, indriyagrāhyāś ca varṇāḥ, evaṃ nityatve sati kiñcin na vikriyate, varṇās tu vikriyanta iti/
% p.649
virodhād ahetus taddharmavikalpaḥ/ nityaṃ nopajāyate nāpaity anupajanāpāyadharmakaṃ nityam anityaṃ punar upajanāpāyayuktam, na cāntareṇopajanāpāyau vikāraḥ sambhavati/ tad yadi varṇā vikriyante, nityatvam eṣāṃ nivartate/ atha nityāḥ, vikāradharmatvam eṣāṃ nivartate/ so 'yaṃ viruddho hetvābhāso dharmavikalpa iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.52 **********************
anityapakṣe samādhiḥ---
NyS_2,2.52: anavasthāyitve ca varṇopalabdhivat tadvikārotpattiḥ ||
yathānavasthāyināṃ varṇānāṃ śravaṇaṃ bhavaty evam eṣāṃ vikāro bhavati/
asambandhād asamarthā arthapratipādikā varṇopalabdhiḥ na vikāreṇa sambandhād asamarthā yā gṛhyamāṇā varṇavikāram anumāpayed iti/ tatra yādṛg idaṃ yathā gandhaguṇā pṛthivy evaṃ śabdasukhādiguṇāpīti, tādṛg etad bhavatīti/
% guṇā pṛthivy evaṃ śabdasukhādiguṇāpīti, tādṛg etad bhavatīti/] p.650
na ca varṇopalabdhir varṇanivṛttau varṇāntaraprayogasya nivartikā/ yo 'yam ivarṇanivṛttau yakārasya prayogo yady ayaṃ varṇopalabdhyā nivartate tadā tatropalabhyamānā ivarṇo yatvam āpadyate iti gṛhyeta/ tasmād varṇopalabdhir ahetur varṇavikārasyeti

********************** NySBh_2,2.53 **********************
NyS_2,2.53: vikāradharmitve nityatvābhāvāt kālāntare vikāropapatteś cāpratiṣedhaḥ ||
taddharmavikalpād iti na yuktaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ/ na khalv vikāradharmakaṃ kiñcin nityam upalabhyata iti varṇopalabdhivad iti na yuktaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ/ avagrahe hi dadhi atreti prayujya ciraṃ sthitvā tataḥ saṃhitāyāṃ prayuṅkte dadhy atreti/
% prayujya ciraṃ sthitvā tataḥ saṃhitāyāṃ prayuṅkte dadhy atreti/] p.651
ciranivṛtte cāyam ivarṇe yakāraḥ prayujyamānaḥ kasya vikāra iti pratīyate, kāraṇābhāvāt kāryābhāva iti anuyogaḥ prasajyata iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.54 **********************
itaś ca varṇavikārānupapattiḥ---
NyS_2,2.54: prakṛtyaniyamāt ||
ikārasthāne yakāraḥ śrūyate yakārasthāne khalv ikāro vidhīyate vidhyatīti/ tad yadi syāt prakṛtivikārabhāvā varṇānām, tasya prakṛtiniyamaḥ syāt/ dṛṣṭo vikāradharmitve prakṛtiniyama iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.55 **********************
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NyS_2,2.55: aniyame niyamān nāniyamaḥ ||
yo 'yaṃ prakṛter aniyama uktaḥ sa niyato yathāviṣayaṃ vyavasthito niyatatvān niyama iti bhavati, evaṃ saty aniyamo nāsti, tatra yad uktaṃ prakṛtyaniyamād iti, etad ayuktam iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.56 **********************
NyS_2,2.56: niyamāniyamavirodhād aniyame niyamāc cāpratiṣedhaḥ ||
niyama ity atrārthābhyanujñā, aniyama iti tasya pratiṣedhaḥ/ anujñātaniṣiddhayoś ca vyāghātād anarthāntaratvaṃ na bhavati/ aniyamaś ca niyatatvāt niyamo na bhavatīti nātrārthasya tathābhāvaḥ pratiṣidhyate/ kiṃ tarhi? tathābhūtasyārthasya niyamaśabdenābhidhīyamānasya niyatatvān niyamaśabda evopapadyate/ so 'yaṃ niyamād aniyame pratiṣedho na bhavatīti

********************** NySBh_2,2.57 **********************
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na ceyaṃ varṇavikāropapattiḥ pariṇāmāt kāryakāraṇabhāvād vā/ kiṃ tarhi?
NyS_2,2.57: guṇāntarāpattyupamardahrāsavṛddhileśaśleśebhyas tu vikāropapatter varṇavikārāḥ ||
sthānyādeśabhāvād aprayogo vikāraśabdārthaḥ, sa bhidyate/ guṇāntarāpattiḥ udāttasyānudātta ity evamādiḥ/ upamardo nāma ekarūpanivṛttau rūpāntaropajanaḥ/ hrāso dīrghasya hrasvaḥ/ vṛddhir hrasvasya dīrghaḥ, tayor vā plutaḥ/ leśo lāghavam, sta ity aster vikāraḥ/ śleṣa āgamaḥ, prakṛteḥ pratyayasya vā/ eta eva viśeṣā vikārā iti/ eta evādeśāḥ, ete ced vikārā upapadyante tarhi varṇavikārā iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.58 **********************
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NyS_2,2.58: te vibhaktyantāḥ padam ||
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yathādarśanaṃ vikṛtā varṇā vibhaktyantāḥ padasaṃjñā bhavanti/ vibhaktir dvayī---nāmiky ākhyātikī ca, brāhmaṇaḥ pacatīty udāharaṇam/
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NyS_2,2.58: te vibhaktyantāḥ padam ||
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yathādarśanaṃ vikṛtā varṇā vibhaktyantāḥ padasaṃjñā bhavanti/ vibhaktir dvayī --- nāmiky ākhyātikī ca, brāhmaṇaḥ pacatīty udāharaṇam/
% P.657
upasarganipātās tarhi na padasaṃjñāḥ lakṣaṇāntaraṃ vācyam iti; śiṣyate ca khalu nāmikyā vibhakter avyayāl lopaḥ tayoḥ padasaṃjñārtham iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.59 **********************
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padenārthasampratyaya iti prayojanam, nāmapadaṃ cādhikṛtya parīkṣā, gaur iti padaṃ khalv idam udāharaṇaṃ tadarthe ---
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NyS_2,2.59: vyaktyākṛtijātisannidhāv upacārāt saṃśayaḥ ||
avinābhāvavṛttiḥ sannidhiḥ/ avinābhāvena vartamānāsu vyaktyākṛtijātiṣu gaur iti prayujyate, tatra na jñāyate kim anyatamaḥ padārthaḥ utaitat sarvam iti//
********************** NySBh_2,2.60 **********************
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śabdasya prayogasāmarthyāt padārthāvadhāraṇam/ tasmāt ---
NyS_2,2.60: yāśabdasamūhatyāgaparigrahasaṅkhyāvṛddhyapacayavarṇasamāsānubandhānāṃ vyaktāv upacārād vyaktiḥ ||
vyaktiḥ padārthaḥ/ kasmāt? yāśabdaprabhṛtīnāṃ vyaktāv upacārāt/ upacāraḥ prayogaḥ/ yā gaus tiṣṭhati yā gaur niṣaṇṇeiti, nedaṃ vākyaṃ jāter abhidhāyakam abhedāt, bhedāt tu dravyābhidhāyakam/
% dravyābhidhāyakam/] p.661
gavāṃ samūha iti bhedād dravyābhidhānaṃ na jāter abhedāt/ vaidyāya gāṃ dadatīti dravyasya tyāgo na jāter amūrtatvāt pratikramānukramānupapatteeś ca/ parigrahaḥ svatvenābhisambandhaḥ, kauṇḍinyasya gaur brāhmaṇasya gaur iti; dravyābhidhāne dravyabhedāt sambandhabheda ity upapannam, abhinnā tu jātir iti/ saṅkhyā --- daśa gāvo viṃśatir gāva iti bhinnaṃ dravyaṃ saṅkhyāyate, na jātir abhedād iti/ vṛddhiḥ kāraṇavato dravyasyāvayavopacayaḥ avardhata gaur iti; niravayavā tu jātir iti/ etenāpacayo vyākhyātaḥ/ varṇaḥ --- śuklā gauḥ kapilā gaur iti; dravyasya guṇayogo na sāmānyasya/ samāsaḥ --- gohitaṃ gosukham iti, dravyasya sukhādiyogo na jāter iti/ anubandhaḥ --- sarūpaprajananasantāno gaur gāṃ janayatīti, tadutpattidharmatvād dravye yuktaṃ na jātau viparyayād iti/ dravyaṃ vyaktir iti hi nārthāntaram

********************** NySBh_2,2.61 **********************
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asya pratiṣedhaḥ ---
NyS_2,2.61: na tadanavasthānāt ||
na vyaktiḥ padārthaḥ/ kasmāt? anavasthānāt/ yāśabdaprabhṛtibhir yo viśeṣyate sa gośabdārtho yā gaus tiṣṭhati yā gaur niṣaṇṇeti, na dravyamātram aviśiṣṭaṃ jātyā vinābhidhīyate/ kiṃ tarhi? jātiviśiṣṭam/ tasmān na vyaktiḥ padārthaḥ / evaṃ samūhādiṣu draṣṭavyam

********************** NySBh_2,2.62 **********************
yadi na vyaktiḥ padārthaḥ kathaṃ tarhi vyaktāv upacāra iti? nimittād atadbhāve 'pi tadupacāraḥ/ dṛśyate khalu ---
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NyS_2,2.62: sahacaraṇasthānatādarthyavṛttamānadhāraṇasāmīpyayogasādhanādhipatyebhyo brāhmaṇamañcakaṭarājasaktu candanagaṅgāśāṭakānnapuruṣeṣv atadbhāve 'pi tadupacāraḥ ||
atadbhāve 'pi tadupacāra iti atacchabdasya tena śabdenābhidhānam iti/ sahacaraṇād --- yaṣṭikāṃ bhojayeti, yaṣtikāsahacarito brāhmaṇo 'bhidhīyata iti/
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sthānāt --- mañcāḥ krośantīti mañcasthāḥ puruṣā abhidhīyante/ tādarthyāt --- kaṭārtheṣu vīraṇeṣu vyuhyamāneṣu kaṭaṃ karotīti bhavati/ vṛtāt --- yamo rājā kubero rājeti tadvadvartata iti/ mānāt --- āḍhakena mitāḥ saktavaḥ āḍhakasaktava iti/ dhāraṇāt --- tulāyāṃ dhṛtaṃ candanaṃ tulācandanam iti/ sāmīpyāt --- gaṅgāyāṃ gāvaś carantīti deśo 'bhidhīyate sannikṛṣṭaḥ/ yogāt --- kṛṣṇena rāgeṇa yuktaḥ śāṭakaḥ kṛṣṇa ity abhidhīyate/ sādhanāt --- annaṃ prāṇā iti/ ādhipatyāt --- ayaṃ puruṣaḥ kulam ayaṃ gotram iti/ tatrāyaṃ sahacaraṇād yogād vā jātiśabdo vyaktau prayjyata iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.63 **********************
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yadi gaur ity asya padasya na vyaktir arthaḥ, astu tarhi ---
NyS_2,2.63: ākṛtis tadapekṣatvāt sattvavyavasthānasiddheḥ ||
ākṛtiḥ padārthaḥ/ kasmāt? tadapekṣatvāt sattvavyavasthānisiddheḥ/ sattvāvayavānāṃ tadavayavānāṃ ca niyato vyūha ākṛtiḥ, tasyāṃ gṛhyamāṇāyāṃ sattvavyavasthānaṃ sidhyaty ayam gaur ayaṃ aśva iti, nāgṛhyamāṇāyām/ yasya grahaṇāt sattvavyavasthānaṃ sidhyati taṃ śabdo 'bhidhātum arhati so 'syārtha iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.64 **********************
tad upapadyate yasya jātyā yogas tad atra jātiviśiṣṭam abhidhīyate gaur iti/na
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cāvayavavyūhasya jātyā yogaḥ/ kasya tarhi? niyatāvayavavyūhasya dravyasya/tasmān nākṛtiḥ padārthaḥ/
astu tarhi jātiḥ padārthaḥ ---
NyS_2,2.64: vyaktyākṛtiyukte 'py aprasṅgāt prokṣādīnāṃ mṛdagavake jātiḥ ||
jātiḥ padārthaḥ/ kasmāt? vyaktyākṛtiyukte 'pi mṛdgavake prokṣaṇādīnām aprasaṅgād iti/ gāṃ prokṣaya gām ānaya gāṃ dehīti naitāni mṛdgavake prayujyante/ kasmāt? jāter abhāvāt/
% -r abhāvāt/] p.667
asti hi tatra vyaktiḥ asty ākṛtiḥ yadabhāvāt tatrāsampratyayaḥ sa padārtha iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.65 **********************
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NyS_2,2.65: nākṛtivyaktyapekṣatvāj jātyabhivyakteḥ ||
jāter abhivyaktir ākṛtivyaktī apekṣate, nāgṛhyamāṇāyām ākṛtau vyaktau ca jātimātraṃ śuddhaṃ gṛhyate; tasmān na jātiḥ padārtha iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.66 **********************
na vai padārthena na bhavituṃ śakyam, kaḥ khalv idānīṃ padārtha iti?
NyS_2,2.66: vyaktyākṛtijātayas tu padārthaḥ ||
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tuśabdo viśeṣaṇārthaḥ/ kiṃ viśiṣyate? pradhānāṅgabhāvasyāniyamena padārthatvam iti/ yadā hi bhedavivakṣā viśeṣagatiś ca tadā vyaktiḥ pradhānam aṅgaṃ tu jātyākṛtī/ yadā tu bhedo 'vivakṣitaḥ sāmānyagatiś ca, tadā jātiḥ pradhānam aṅgaṃ tu vyaktyākṛtī/ tad etad bahulaṃ prayogeṣu/ ākṛtes tu pradhānabhāva utprekṣitavyaḥ

********************** NySBh_2,2.67 **********************
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kathaṃ punar jñāyate nānā vyaktyākṛtijātaya iti? lakṣaṇabhedāt/ tatra tāvat ---
NyS_2,2.67: vyaktir guṇaviśeṣāśrayo mūrtiḥ ||
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vyajyata iti vyaktir indriyagrāhyeti na sarvaṃ dravyaṃ vyaktiḥ/ yo guṇaviśeṣāṇāṃ sparśāntānāṃ gurutvaghanatvadravatvasaṃskārāṇām avyāpinaḥ parimāṇasyāśrayo yathāsambhavaṃ tad dravyaṃ mūrtiḥ mūrcchitāvayavatvād iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.68 **********************
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NyS_2,2.68: ākṛtir jātiliṅgākhyā ||
yayā jātir jātiliṅgāni ca prakhyāyante tām ākṛtiṃ vidyāt/ sā ca nānyā sattvāvayavānāṃ tadavayavānāṃ ca niyatād vyūhād iti/
% sattvāvayavānāṃ ... iti/] p.692
niyatāvayavavyūhāḥ khalu sattvāvayavā jātiliṅgam, śirasā pādena gām anuminvanti/ niyate ca sattvāvayavānāṃ vyūhe sati gotvaṃ prakhyāyata iti/ anākṛtivyaṅgyāyāṃ jātau mṛtsuvarṇaṃ rajatam ity evamādiṣv ākṛtir nivartate jahāti padārthatvam iti

********************** NySBh_2,2.69 **********************
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NyS_2,2.69: samānaprasavātmikā jātiḥ ||
yā samānaṃ buddhiṃ prasūte bhinneṣv adhikaraṇeṣu, yayā bahūnīteretarato na vyāvartante yo 'rtho 'nekatra pratyayānuvṛttinimittaṃ tat sāmānyam/ yac ca keṣāñcid abhedaṃ kutaścid bhedaṃ karoti tat sāmānyaviśeṣo jātir iti