Mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāra with Vasubandhu's commentary (with commentary) · Chapter 1

mahāyānasūtrālaṃkāraḥ
|| oṃ ||
namaḥ sarvabuddhabodhisatvebhyaḥ
CHAPITRE I
prathamo 'dhikāraḥ
arthajño 'rthavibhāvanāṃ prakurute vācā padaiś cāmalair duḥkhasyottaraṇāya duḥkhitajane kāruṇyatas tanmayaḥ |
dharmasyottamayānadeśitavidheḥ satveṣu tadgāmiṣu śliṣṭām arthagatiṃ niruttaragataṃ pañcātmikāṃ darśayan

arthajño 'rthavibhāvanāṃ prakurute iti ka upadeśam ārabhya ko 'laṃkarotīti | arthajñaḥ | kam alaṃkāram alaṃkaroti | arthavibhāvanāṃ kurute | kena vācā padaiś cāmalaiḥ | amalayā vāceti pauruṣayā amalaiḥ padair yuktaiḥ sahitair iti vistaraḥ | na hi vinā vācā padavyañjanair artho vibhāvayituṃ sakyata iti | kasmai duḥkhasyottaraṇāya duḥkhitajane kāruṇyatas tanmayaḥ | duḥkhitajane yat kāruṇyaṃ tasmāt kāruṇyataḥ | tanmaya iti kāruṇyamayaḥ | kasyālaṃkāraṃ karoti | dharmasyottamayānadeśitavidheḥ | uttamayānasya deśito vidhir yasmin dharme tasya dharmasya | kasminn alaṃkaroti | satveṣu tadgāmiṣu | nimittasaptam yeṣām mahāyānagāmisatvanimittam ity arthaḥ | katividham alaṃkāraṃ karoti | pañcavidhaṃ | śliṣṭām arthagatiṃ niruttaragatāṃ pañcātmikāṃ darśayan | ( Msa 2 ) śliṣṭam iti yuktāṃ niruttaragatām ity anuttarajñānagatāṃ | tām idānīṃ pañcātmikāṃ arthagatiṃ dvitīyena ślokena darśyati |
ghaṭitam iva suvarṇaṃ vārijaṃ vā vibuddhaṃ sukṛtam iva subhojyaṃ bhujyamānaṃ kṣudhārtaiḥ |
vidita iva sulekho ratnapeṭeva muktā vivṛta iha sa dharmaḥ prītimagryāṃ dadhāti

anena ślokena pañcabhir dṛṣṭāntaiḥ sa hi dharmaḥ pañcavidham artham adhikṛtya deśitaḥ sādhyaṃ vyutpādyaṃ cintyam acintyaṃ pariniṣpannaṃ cādhigamārthaṃ pratyātmavedanīyaṃ bodhipakṣasvabhāvaṃ | so 'nena sūtrālaṃkāreṇa vivṛtaḥ prītim agrāṃ dadhādati | yathākramaṃ ghaṭitasuvarṇādivat | yadā sa dharmaḥ prakṛtyaiva guṇayuktaḥ kathaṃ so 'laṃkriyata ity asya codyasya parihārārthaṃ trtīyaḥ ślokaḥ |
yathā bimbaṃ bhūṣāprakṛtiguṇavad darpaṇagataṃ viśiṣṭaṃ prāmodyaṃ janayati nṛṇāṃ darśanavaśāt |
tathā dharmaḥ soktaprakṛtiguṇayukto 'pi satataṃ vibhaktārthas tuṣṭiṃ janayati viśiṣṭām iha satām

anena kiṃ darśayati | yathā bimbaṃ bhūṣāprakṛtiguṇavad darśaṇagataṃ darśanavaśād viśiṣṭaṃ prāmodyaṃ janayaty evaṃ sa dharmaḥ subhāṣitaiḥ prajkṛtyaiva guṇayukto 'pi satataṃ vibhaktārthas tuṣṭiṃ viśiṣṭāṃ janayati | buddhimatām atas tuṣṭiviśeṣotpādanād alaṃkṛta iva bhavatīti | ataḥ paraṃ tribhiḥ ślokais tasmin dharme trividham upaśaṃsaṃ darśayaty ādarotpādanārthaṃ |
āghrāyamāṇakaṭukaṃ svādurasaṃ yathāuṣadhaṃ tadvat |
dharmarmo dvayavyavasthāstho vyañjanato 'rtho na ca jñeyaḥ

rājeva durārādho dharmo 'yaṃ vipulagāḍhagambhīraḥ |
ārādhitaś ca tadvadvaraguṇadhanadāyako bhavati

ratnaṃ jātyamanarthaṃrghaṃ yathā 'parīkṣakajanaṃ na toṣayati |
dharmas tathāyam abudhaṃ viparyayāt toṣayati tadvat

trividho 'śaṃsaḥ | āvaraṇaprahāṇahetutvam auṣadhopamatvena | svayavyavastha iti ( Msa 3 ) vyañjanārthavyavasthaḥ | vibhutvahetutvam abhijñādivaiśeṣikaguṇāiśvaryadānād rājopamatvena | āryadhanopabhogahetutvaṃ ca anarthajātyaratnopamatvena | parīkṣakajana āryajano veditavyaḥ | naivedaṃ mahāyānaṃ buddhavacanaṃ kutas tasyāyam anuśaṃso bhaviṣyatīty atra vipratipannas tasya buddhavacanatvaprasādhanārthaṃ kāraṇavibhājyam ārabhya ślokaḥ |
ādāv avyākaraṇāt samapravṛtter agocarāt siddheḥ |
bhāvābhāve 'bhāvāt pratipakṣatvād rutānyatvāt

ādāv avyākaraṇāt yady etat saddharmāntarāye paścāt kenāpi utpāditaṃ | kasmād ādau bhavatā na vyākṛtam anāgatabhayavat | samapravṛtteḥ samakālaṃ ca śrāvakayānena mahāyānasya pravṛtter upalabhyate na paścād iti katham asyābuddhavacanatvaṃ vijñāyate | agocarān nāyam evam udāro gambhīraś ca dharmas tārkikāṇāṃ gocaraḥ | tīrtikaśāstreṣu tatprakārānupalambhād iti | nāyam anyair bhāṣito yujyate | ucyamāne 'pi tadanadhimukteḥ | siddhe athānyenābhisaṃbudhya bhāṣitaḥ | siddham asya buddhavacanatvaṃ | sa eva buddho yo 'bhisaṃbudhya evam bhāṣate | bhāvābhāve 'bhāvād yadi mahāyānaṃ kiṃcid asti tasya bhāva siddhim idaṃ buddhavacanam ato 'nyasya mahāyānasyābhāvāt | atha nāsti tasyābhāve śrāvakayānasyāpy abhāvāt | śrāvakayānaṃ budhavacanaṃ na mahāyānam iti na yujyate vinā buddhayānena buddhānām anutpādāt | pratipakṣatvād bhāvyamānaṃ ca mahāyānaṃ sarvanirvikalpajñānāśrayatvena kleśānāṃ pratipakṣo bhavati tasmād buddhavacanaṃ | rutānyatvāt na cāsya yathārutam arthas tasmān na yathārutārthānusāreṇedam abuddhavacanaṃ veditavyaṃ | yad uktam ādāv avyākaraṇād ity anābhogād etad anāgataṃ bhagavatā na vyākṛtam iti kasyacit syād ata upekṣāyā ayoge ślokaḥ |
pratyakṣacakṣuṣo buddhāḥ śāsanasya ca rakṣakāḥ |
adhvany anyanāvṛtajñānā upekṣāto na yujyate

anena kiṃ darśayati | tribhiḥ kāraṇair anāgatasya mahataḥ śāsanopadravasyopkeṣā na yujyate | buddhānām ayatnato jñānapravṛtteḥ pratyakṣacakṣuṣkatayā śāsanarakṣayāś ca yatnavatvāt | anāgatajñānasāmarthyāc ca sarvakālāvyāhatajñānatayeti | yad uktaṃ bhāvābhāve 'bhāvād iti | etad eva śrāvakayānaṃ mahāyānam etenaiva mahābodhiprāptir iti kasyacit syād ataḥ śrāvakayānasya mahāyānatvāyoge ślokaḥ |
vaikalyato virodhād anupāyatvāt tathāpy anupadeśāt |
na śrāvakayānam idaṃ bhavati mahāyānadharmākhyam

vaikalyāt parārthopadeśasya na hi śrāvakayāne kaścit parārtha upadiṣṭaḥ śrāvakāṇām ātmano nirvidvirāgavimuktimātropāyopadeśāt | na ca svārtha eva pareṣūpadiśyamānaḥ parārtho bhavitum arhati | virodhāt svārthe hi paro niyujyamānaḥ svārtha eva prayujyate sa ātmana eva parinirvāṇārthaprayukto 'nuttarāṃ samyaksaṃbodhim abhisaṃbhotsyata iti virodham etat | na ca śrāvakayānenaiva cirakālaṃ bodhau ghaṭamāno buddho bhavitum arhati | anupāyatvāt | anupāyo hi śrāvakayānaṃ buddhatvasya na cānupāyena ciram api prayujyamānaḥ prārthitam arthaṃ prāpnoti | śṛṅgād iva dugdhaṃ na bhastrayā | athānyathāpy atropadiṣṭaṃ yathā bodhisatvena prayoktavyaṃ | tathāpy anupadeśān na śrāvakayānam eva mahāyānaṃ bhavitum arhati | na hi sa tādṛśa upadeśa etasminn upalabhyate | viruddham vā cānyonyaṃ śrāvakayānaṃ cety anyonyavirodhe ślokaḥ |
āśayasyopadeśasya prayogasya virodhataḥ |
upastambhasya kālasya yat hīnaṃ hīnam eva tat

kathaṃ viruddhaṃ | pañcabhir virodhaiḥ | āśayopadeśaprayoga upatambhakālavirodhaiḥ | śrāvakayāne hy ātmaparinirvāṇāyaivāśayas tadartham evaupadeśas tadartham eva prayogaḥ parīttaś ca puṇyajñānasaṃbhārasaṃgṛhīta upastambhaḥ kālena cālpena tadarthaprāptir yāvat tribhir api janmabhiḥ | mahāyāne tu sarvaṃ viparyayeṇa | tasmād anyonyavirodhād yad yānaṃ hīnaṃ hīnam eva tat | na tan mahāyānaṃ bhavitum arhati | buddhavacanasyedaṃ lakṣaṇaṃ yat sūtre 'vatarati vinaye saṃdṛśyate dharmatāṃ ca na vilomayati | na caivaṃ mahāyānaṃ ( Msa 5 ) sarvadharmaniḥsvabhāvatvopadeśāt | tasmān na buddhavacanam iti kasyacit syād ato lakṣaṇavirodhe ślokaḥ |
svake 'vatārāt svasyaiva vinaye darśanād api |
audāryād api gāmbhīryād aviruddhaiva dharmatā

anena ślokena kiṃ darśyati | avataraty evedaṃ svasmin mahāyānasūtre svasya ca śleśasya vinayaḥ saṃdṛśyate | yo mahāyāne bodhisatvānāṃ śleśa uktaḥ | vikalpaśleśā hi bodhisatvāḥ | audāryagambhīryalakṣaṇatvāc ca | na dharmatāṃ vilomayaty athaiva hi dharmatā mahābodhiprāpataye tasmān nāsti lakṣaṇa virodhaḥ | agocarād ity uktam atas tarkagocaratvāyoge ślokaḥ |
niśrito 'niyato 'vyāpī sāṃvṛtaḥ khedavān api |
bālāśrayo matas tarkas tasyāto viṣayo na tat

adṛṣṭasatyāśreyo hi tarkaḥ kaścid āgama niśrito bhavati | aniyataś ca bhavati kālāntareṇānyathā pratyavagamāt | avyāpī ca na sarvajñeyaviṣayaḥ | sāṃvṛta satyaviṣayaś ca na parmārthaviṣayaḥ | khedavāṃś ca pratibhānaparyādanāt | mahāyānas tu na niśritaṃ yāvat akhedavat | śatasāhasrikādyanekasūtropadeśāt | ato na tarkasya tadviṣayaḥ | anupāyatvāt śrāvakayāne na buddhatvaṃ prāptam ity uktam atha mahāyānaṃ katham upāyo yukta ity upāyatvayoge ślokaḥ |
audāryād api gāmbhīryāt paripāko 'vikalpanā |
deśanā'to dvayasyāsmin sa copāyo niruttare

anena ślokena kiṃ darśayati | prabhāv audārya deśanayā satvānāṃ paripāko prabhāv adhimuktito ghaṭanāt | gāmbhīrya deśanayā avikalpanā ata etasya dvayasyāsmin mahāyāne deśanā sa copāyo niruttare jñāne tābhyāṃ yathākramaṃ ( Msa 6 )satvānāṃ paripācanād ātmanaś ca buddhadharmaparipākād iti | ye punar asmāt trasanti tadartham asthānatrāsādīnave kāraṇatvena ślokaḥ |
tadasthānatrāso bhavati jagatāṃ dāhakaraṇo mahāpuṇyaskandhaprasavakaraṇād dīrghasamayam |
agotro 'sanmitro 'kṛtamatir apūrvācitaśubhas trasaty asmin dharme patati mahato 'rthād gata iha

trāsāsthāne trāsas tadasthānatrāsaḥ | dāhakaraṇo bhavaty apāyeṣu kiṃ kāraṇaṃ | mahato apuṇyaskandhaprasavasya karaṇāt | kiyantaṃ kālam iti dīrghasamayaṃ | evaṃ paścād ādīnavaḥ | yena ca kāraṇena yāvantaṃ ca kālaṃ tat saṃdarśayati | kiṃ punaḥ kāraṇe tu satīti caturvidhaṃ trāsakāraṇaṃ darśayati | gotraṃ cāsya na bhavati sanmitraṃ vā avyutpannamatir vā bhavati mahāyānadharmatāyāṃ pūrvaṃ vān upacitaśubho bhavati | patati mahato 'rthād iti mahābodhisaṃbhārārthāt | aprāptaparihāṇito 'paramādīnavaṃ darśayati | trāsakāraṇam uktam atrāsakāraṇaṃ vaktavyam ity atrāsakāraṇatve ślokaḥ |
tadanyānyānyābhāvāt paramagahanatvād anugamāt vicitrasyākhyānād dhruvakathanayogād bahumukhāt |
yathākhyānaṃ nārthād bhagavati ca bhāvātigahanāt na dharme 'smiṃs trāso bhavati viduṣāṃ yonivicayāt

tadanyānyānyābhāvād iti tato 'nyasya mahāyānasthābhāvāt | atha śrāvakayānam eva mahānaṃ syād anyasya śrāvakasya pratyekabuddhasya vābhāvaḥ syāt | sarva eva hi buddhā bhaveyuḥ | paramagahanatvāc ca | sarvajñajñānamārgasyā nugamāc ca tulyakālapravṛttyā | vicitrasyākhyānād | vicitraś cātra saṃbhāramārga ākhyāyate na kevalaṃ śūnyataiva | tasmād abhiprāyikenānena bhavitavyam iti | dhruvakathanayogād bahumukhād abhīkṣṇaṃ cātra śūnyatā kathyate bahibhiś ca paryāyais teṣu teṣu sutrānteṣu tasmād bhavitavyam atra mahatā prayogena | anyathā hi sakṛt pratiṣedhamātrakṛtam abhaviṣyad iti | yathākhyānaṃ nārthāt na cāsya yathārutam artho 'smād api trāso na yuktaḥ | bhagavati ca bhāvātigahanād atigahanaś ca buddhānāṃ bhāvo durājñeyas tasmān nāsmabhis tadajñānāt trasitavyam iti | ( Msa 7 ) evaṃ yoniśaḥ pravicayād viduṣāṃ trāso na bhavati | dūrānupraviṣṭajñānagocaratve ślokaḥ |
śrutaṃ niśrityādau prabhavati manaskāra iha yo
manaskārāj jñānaṃ prabhavati ca tatvārthaviṣayam |
tato dharmaprāptiḥ prabhavati ca tasmin matirato
yadā pratyātmaṃ sā katham asati tasmin vyavasitiḥ

śrutaṃ niśrityādau manaskāraḥ prabhavati yo yoniśa ity arthaḥ | yoniśo manasikārāt tatvārthaviṣayaṃ jñānaṃ prabhavati lokottarā samyagdṛṣṭis tatas tat phalasya dharmasya prāptis tatas tasmin prāpte matir vimuktijñānaṃ prādurbhavati | evaṃ yadā pratyātmaṃ sā matir bhavati | katham asati tasminn eṣā vyavasitir niścayo bhavati naivedaṃ buddhavacanam iti | atrāsapadasthānatve ślokaḥ |
ahaṃ na boddhā na gabhīraboddhā buddho gabhīraṃ kim atarkagamyaṃ |
kasmād gabhīrārthavidāṃ na mokṣa ity etad uttrāsapadaṃ na yuktam

yadi tāvad aham asya na boddhe ty uttrāsapadaṃ tan na yuktaṃ | atha buddho 'pi gambhīrasya padārthasya na boddhā sa kiṃ gabhīraṃ deśayiṣyatīty uttrāsapadaṃ tad ayuktaṃ | atha gambhīraṃ kasmād atarkagamyaṃ ity uttrāsapadaṃ tan na yuktaṃ | atha kasmād gabhīrārthavidām evam mokṣo na tārkikāṇām ity uttrāsapadaṃ tan na yuktaṃ | anadhimuktita eva tat siddhau ślokaḥ |
hīnādhimuktaḥ sunihīnadhātor hīnaiḥ sahāyaiḥ parivāritasya |
audāryagāmbhīryasudeśite 'smin dharme 'dhimuktir yadi nāsti siddham

yasya hīnā cādhimuktis tataś ca hīna eva dhātuḥ samudāgata ālayavijñānabhāvanā | hīnair eva sahāyaiḥ samānādhimuktidhātukair yaḥ parivāritas tasyāsminn audāryagāmbhīryasudeśite mahāyāna dharme yady adhimuktir nāsti ata eva siddham utkṛṣṭam idaṃ mahāyānam iti | aśrutasūtrāntapratikṣepāyoge ślokaḥ |
śrutānusāreṇa hi buddhimattāṃ labdhvā śrute yaḥ prakaroty avajñāṃ |
śrute vicitre sati cāprameye śiṣṭe kuto niścayam eti mūḍhaḥ

kāmaṃ tāvad adhimuktir na syād aśrutānāṃ tu sūtrāntānām aviśeṣeṇa pratipakṣo na yuktiḥ | ( Msa 8 ) śrutānusāreṇa iva hi buddhimattvaṃ labdhvā yaḥ śruta evā vajñāṃ karoti mūḍhaḥ sa saty evāva śiṣṭe śrute vicitre cā prameye ca kutaḥ | kāraṇān niścayam eti na tad buddhavacanam iti | na hi tasya śrutād anyad balam asti tasmād aśrutvā pratikṣepo na yuktaḥ | yad api ca śrutaṃ tad yoniśo manasi kartavyaṃ nāyoniśa ity ayoniśomanasikārādhīnave ślokaḥ |
yathārute 'rthe parikalpyamāne svapratyayo hānim upaiti buddheḥ |
svākhyātatāṃ ca kṣipati kṣatiṃ ca prāpnoti dharme pratighāvatīva

svapratyaya iti svayaṃdṛṣṭapraāmarṣako na vijñānām antikād arthaparyeṣṭī | hānim upaiti buddher iti yathābhūtajñānād aprāptiparihānitaḥ | dharmasya ca svākhyātatāṃ prati kṣipati tan nidānaṃ cāpuṇyaprabhāvāt kṣatiṃ prāpnoti | dharme ca pratighātam āvaraṇaṃ ca dharmavyavasanasaṃvartanīyaṃ karmety ayam atrādīnavaḥ | ayathāvataś cārtham avijānato 'pi pratighāto na yukta iti pratighātāyoge ślokaḥ |
manaḥ pradoṣaḥ prakṛtipraduṣṭo 'yathārute cāpi hy ayuktarūpaḥ |
prāg eva saṃdehagatasya dharme tasmād upekṣaiva varaṃ hy adoṣā