Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (with commentary) · Chapter 2.3

BrhUpBh_2,2.4
imāveva gotamabharadvājau karṇau-ayameva gotamo 'yaṃ bharadvājo dakṣiṇaścottaraśca, viparyayeṇa vā /
tathā cakṣuṣī upadiśannuvāca-imāveva viśvāmitrajamadagnī dakṣiṇaṃ viśvāmitra uttaraṃ jamadagnirviparyayeṇa vā /
imāveva vasiṣṭhakaśyapau-nāsike upadiśannuvāca;dakṣiṇaḥ puṭo bhavati vasiṣṭhaḥ, uttaraḥ kaśyapaḥ pūrvavat /
vāgevātriḥ, adanakriyāyogātsaptamaḥ;vācā hyannamadyate tasmādattirha vai prasiddhaṃ nāmaitat-attṛtvādattiriti, attireva san yadatrirityucyate parokṣeṇa /
sarvasyaitasyānnajātasya prāṇasyātrinirvacanavijñānādattā bhavati /
attaiva bhavati nāmuṣminnannena punaḥ pratipadyata ityetaduktaṃ bhavati-sarvamasyānnaṃ bhavatīti /
ya evametadyathoktaṃ prāṇayāthātmyaṃ veda, sa evaṃ madhyamaḥ prāṇo bhūtvā
ādhānapratyādhānagato bhoktaiva bhavati, na bhojyam, bhojyād vyāvartata ityarthaḥ //4//
iti dvitīyam brāhmaṇam //2//
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tatra prāṇā vai satyamityuktam /
yāḥ prāṇānāmupaniṣadaḥ, tā brahmopaniṣatprasaṅgena vyākhyātāḥ-ete te prāṇā iti cacha te
kimātmakāḥ? kathaṃ vā teṣāṃ satyatvam? iti ca vaktavyamiti pañcabhūtānāṃ satyānāṃ kāryakaraṇātmakānāṃ svarūpāvadhāraṇārthamidaṃ brāhmaṇamārabhyate-yadupādhiviśeṣāpanayadvāreṇa 'neti neti'iti brahmaṇaḥ satattvaṃ nirdidhārayiṣitam /
dve vāva brahmaṇo rūpe |
mūrtaṃ caivāmūrtaṃ ca |
martyaṃ cāmṛtaṃ ca |
sthitaṃ ca yac ca |
sac ca tyaṃ ca

BrhUpBh_2,3.1
tatra dvirūpaṃ brahma pañcabhūtajanitakāryakaraṇasambaddhaṃ mūrtāmūrtākhyaṃ martyāmṛtasvabhāvaṃ tajjanitavāsanārūpaṃ ca sarvañjñaṃ sarvaśakti sopākhyaṃ bhavati /
kriyākārakaphalātmakaṃ ca sarvavyavahārāspadam /
tadeva brahma vigatasarvopādhiviśeṣaṃ samyagdarśanaviṣayam ajamajaramamṛtamabhayam, vāṅmanasayorapyaviṣayamadvaitatvāt 'neti neti'iti nirdiśyate /
tatra yadapohadvāreṇa 'neti neti'iti nirdiśyate brahma, te ete dve vāva-vāvaśabdo 'vadhāraṇārthaḥ-dve evetyarthaḥ-brahmaṇaḥ paramātmano rūpe-rūpyate yābhyāmarūpaṃ paraṃ brahma avidyādhyāropyamāṇābhyām /
ke te dve? mūrtaṃ caiva mūrtameva ca /
tathāmūrtaṃ cāmūrtameva cetyarthaḥ /
antarṇītasvātmaviśeṣaṇe mūrtāmūrte dve evetyavadhāryete /
kāni punastāni viśeṣaṇāni mūrtāmūrtayoḥ? ityucyante-martyaṃ ca martyaṃ maraṇadharmi, amṛtaṃ ca tadviparītam, sthitaṃ ca-paricchinnaṃ gatipūrvakaṃ yatsthāsnu, yacca-yātīti yat-vyāpi-aparicchinnaṃ sthitaviparītam, sacca-sadityanyebhyo viśeṣyamāṇāsādhāraṇadharmaviśeṣavat, tyacca-tadviparītam 'tyat'ityeva sarvadā parokṣābhidhānārham //1//
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tatra catuṣṭayaviśeṣaṇaviśiṣṭaṃ mūrtaṃ tathā amūrtaṃ ca /
tatra kāni mūrtaviśeṣaṇāni? kāni cetarāṇi? iti vibhajyate /
tad etan mūrtaṃ yad anyad vāyoś cāntarikṣāc ca |
etan martyam |
etat sthitam |
etat sat |
tasyaitasya mūrtasyaitasya martyasyaitasya sthitasyaitasya sata eṣa raso ya eṣa tapati |
sato hy eṣa rasaḥ

BrhUpBh_2,3.2
tadetanmūrtaṃ mūrcchitāvayavam itaretarānupraviṣṭāvayavaṃ ghanaṃ saṃhatamityarthaḥ /
kiṃ tat? yadanyat;kasmādanyat? vāyoścāntarikṣācca bhūtadvayāt-pariśeṣāt pṛthivyādibhūtatrayam /
etanmartyam-yadetanmūrtākhyaṃ bhūtatrayamidaṃ martyaṃ maraṇadharmi;kasmāt? yasmātsthitametat;paricchinnaṃ hyarthāntareṇa samprayujyamānaṃ virudhyate-yathā ghaṭaḥ stambhakuṇḍyādinā;tathā mūrtaṃ sthitaṃ paricchinnam arthāntarasambandhi tator'thāntaravirodhānmartyam;etatsadviśeṣya māṇāsādhāraṇadharmavat, tasmāddhi paricchinnam, paricchinnatvānmartyam ato mūrtam;mūrtatvādvā martyam, martyatvātsthitam, sthitatvātsat /
ato 'nyonyāvyabhicārāccaturṇāṃ dharmāṇāṃ yatheṣṭaṃ viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhāvo hetuhetumadbhāvaśca darśayitavyaḥ /
sarvathāpi tu bhūtatrayaṃ catuṣṭayaviśeṣaṇaviśiṣṭaṃ mūrtaṃ rūpaṃ brahmaṇaḥ /
tatra caturṇāmekasmingṛhīte viśeṣaṇe itaradgṛhītameva viśeṣaṇamityāha-tasyaitasya mūrtasya, etasya martyasya, etasya sthitasya, etasya sataḥ-catuṣṭayaviśeṣaṇasya bhūtatrayasyetyarthaḥ, eṣa rasaḥ sāra ityarthaḥ /
trayāṇāṃ hi bhūtānāṃ sāriṣṭhaḥ savitā;etatsārāṇi trīṇi bhūtāni, yata etatkṛtavibhajyamānarūpaviśeṣaṇāni bhavanti;ādhidaivikasya kāryasyaitadrūpam-yatsavitā yadetanmaṇḍalaṃ tapati;sato bhūtatrayasya hi yasmādeṣa rasa ityetad gṛhyate /
mūrto hyeṣa savitā tapati, sāriṣṭhaśca /
yattvādhidaivikaṃ karaṇaṃ maṇḍalasyābhyantaram, tadvakṣyāmaḥ //2//
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athāmūrtam |
vāyuś cāntarikṣaś ca |
etad amṛtam |
etad yat |
etat tyam |
tasyaitasyāmūrtasyaitasyāmṛtasyaitasya yata etasya tyasyaiṣa raso ya eṣa etasmin maṇḍale puruṣaḥ |
tyasya hy eṣa rasa |
ity adhidaivatam

BrhUpBh_2,3.3
athāmūrtam-athādhunāmūrtamucyate /
vāyuścāntarikṣaṃ ca yatpariśeṣitaṃ bhūtadvayam-etadamṛtam, amūrtatvāt;asthitam, ato 'virudhyamānaṃ kenacit, amṛtamamaraṇadharmi /
etadyatsthitaviparītam, vyāpi, aparicchinnam, yasmāt 'yat'etad anyebhyo 'pravibhajyamānaviśeṣam, atastyat, 'tyat'iti parokṣābhidhānārhameva-pūrvavat /
tasyaitasyāmūrtasya tasyāmṛtasyaitasya yata etasya tyasya catuṣṭayaviśeṣaṇasyāmūrtasyaiṣa rasaḥ;ko 'sau? ya
eṣa etasminmaṇḍale puruṣaḥ-karaṇātmako hiraṇyagarbhaḥ prāṇa ityabhidhīyate yaḥ, sa eṣo 'mūrtasya bhūtadvayasya rasaḥ pūrvavatsāriṣṭhaḥ /
etatpuruṣasāraṃ cāmūrtaṃ bhūtadvayamhairaṇyagarbhaliṅgārambhāya hi bhūtadvayābhivyaktiravyākṛtāt /
tasmāttadarthyāttatsāraṃ bhūtadvayam /
tyasya hyeṣa rasaḥ-yasmādyo maṇḍalasthaḥ puruṣo maṇḍalavanna gṛhyate sāraśca bhūtadvayasya, tasmādasti maṇḍalasthasya puruṣasya bhūtadvayasya ca sādharmyam, tasmādyuktaṃ prasiddhavadvetūpādānam-tyasya hyeṣa rasa iti /
rasaḥ kāraṇaṃ hiraṇyagarbhavijñānātmā cetana iti kecit /
tatra ca kila hiraṇyagarbhavijñānātmanaḥ karma vāyvantarikṣayoḥ prayoktṛ, tatkarma vāyvantarikṣādhāraṃ sadanyeṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ prayoktṛ bhavati;tena svakarmaṇā vāyvantarikṣayoḥ prayokteti tayo rasaḥ kāraṇamucyata iti /
tanna, mūrtarasenātulyatvāt /
mūrtasya tu bhūtatrayasya raso mūrtameva maṇḍalaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ bhūtatrayasya raso mūrtameva maṇḍalaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ bhūtatrayasamānajātīyam, na cetanaḥ;tathāmūrtayorapi bhūtayostatsamānajātīyenaivāmūrtasena yuktaṃ bhavitum;vākyapravṛttestulyatvāt;yathā hi mūrtāmūrte catuṣṭayadharmavatī vibhajyete, tathā rasarasavatorapi mūrtāmūrtayostulyenaiva nyāyena yukto vibhāgaḥ, na tvardhavaiśasam /
mūrtarase 'pi maṇḍalopādhiścetano vivakṣyata iti cet? atyalpamidamucyate, sarvatraiva tu mūrtāmūrtayorbrahmarūpeṇa vivakṣitatvāt /
puruṣaśabdo 'cetane 'nupapanna iti cet! na, pakṣapucchādiviśiṣṭasyaiva liṅgasya puruṣaśabdadarśanāt /
"na vā itthaṃ santaḥ śakṣyāmaḥ prajāḥ prajanayitumimānsapta puruṣānekaṃ puruṣaṃ karavāmeti ta etānsapta puruṣānekaṃ puruṣamakurvan"ityādau annarasamayādiṣu ca śrutyantare puruṣaśabdaprayogāt /
ityadhidaivatamityuktopasaṃhāro 'dhyātmavibhāgoktyarthaḥ //3//
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athādhyātmam |
idam eva mūrtaṃ yad anyat prāṇāc ca yaś cāyam antar ātmann ākāśaḥ |
etan martyam |
etat sthitam |
etat sat |
tasyaitasya mūrtasyaitasya martyasyaitasya sthitasyaitasya sata eṣa raso yac cakṣuḥ |
sato hy eṣa rasaḥ

BrhUpBh_2,3.4
athādhunādhyātmaṃ mūrtāmūrtayorvibhāga ucyate-kiṃ tanmūrtam? idameva, kiṃ cedam? yadanyatprāṇāccavāyoryaścāyamantarabhyantare ātmannātmanyākāśaḥ khaṃ śarīrasthaśca yaḥ prāṇa etad dvayaṃ varjayitvā yadanyaccharīrārambhakaṃ bhūtatrayam, etanmartyamityādi samānamanyatpūrveṇa /
etasya sato hyeṣa rasaḥ-yaccakṣuriti; ādhyātmikasya śarīrārambhakasya kāryasyaiṣa rasaḥ sāraḥ; tena hi sāreṇa sāravadidaṃ śarīraṃ samastaṃ yathādhidaivatamādityamaṇḍalena /
prāthamyācca-cakṣuṣī eva prathame sambhavataḥ sambhavata iti /
"tejo raso niranartatāgniḥ"iti liṅgāt; taijasaṃ hi cakṣuḥ; etatsāram; taijasaṃ hi cakṣuḥ; etatsāram ādhyātmikaṃ bhūtatrayam; sato hyeṣa rasa iti mūrtatvasāratve hetvarthaḥ //4//
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athāmūrtaṃ prāṇaś ca yaś cāyam antar ātmann ākāśaḥ |
etad amṛtam |
etad yat |
etat tyat |
tasyaitasyāmūrtasyaitasyāmṛtasyaitasya yata etasya tyasyaiṣa raso yo 'yaṃ dakṣiṇe 'kṣan puruṣaḥ |
tyasya hy eṣa rasaḥ

BrhUpBh_2,3.5
athādhunāmūrtamucyate /
yatpariśeṣitaṃ bhūtadvayaṃ prāṇaśca yaścāyamantarātmannākāśaḥ, etadamūrtam /
anyatpūrvavat /
etasya tyasyaiṣa rasaḥ sāraḥ, yo 'yaṃ dakṣiṇe 'kṣanpuruṣaḥ-dakṣiṇe 'kṣanniti viśeṣagrahaṇam, śāstrapratyakṣatvāt;liṅgasya hi dakṣiṇe 'kṣṇi viśeṣato 'dhiṣṭhātṛtvaṃ śāsatrasya pratyakṣaṃ sarvaśrutiṣu tathā prayogadarśanāt /
tyasya hyeṣa rasa iti
pūrvavadviśeṣato 'grahaṇādamūrtatvasāratve eva hetvarthaḥ //5//
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brahmaṇaṇa upādhibhūtayormūrtāmūrtayoḥ kāryakaraṇavibhāgena adhyātmādhidaivatayorvibhāgo vyākhyātaḥ satyaśabdavācyayoḥ /
athedānīm-
tasya haitasya puruṣasya rūpam |
yathā māhārajanaṃ vāso yathā pāṇḍvāvikaṃ yathendragopo yathāgnyarcir yathā puṇḍarīkaṃ yathā sakṛdvidyuttam |
sakṛdvidyutteva ha vā asya śrīr bhavati ya evaṃ veda |
athāta ādeśo neti neti |
na hy etasmād iti nety anyat param asti |
atha nāmadheyaṃ satyasya satyam iti |
prāṇā vai satyam |
teṣām eṣa satyam