Bhagavadgītā-4comm with the commentaries · Chapter 4

Baladevaḥ --
satyānantācintya-śakty-eka-pakṣe
sarvādhyakṣe bhakta-rakṣātidakṣe |
śrī-govinde viśva-sargādi-kaṇḍe
pūrṇānande nityam āstāṃ matir me ||
ajñāna-nīradhir upaiti yayā viśeṣaṃ
bhaktiḥ parāpi bhajate paripoṣam uccaiḥ |
tattvaṃ paraṃ sphurati durgamam apy ajasraṃ
sādguṇya-bhṛt svaracitāṃ praṇamāmi gītām ||
atha sukha-cid-ghanaḥ svayaṃ bhagavān acintya-śaktiḥ puruṣottamaḥ sva-saṅkalpāyatta-vicitra-jagad-udayādi-viriñcy-ādi-sañcintya-caraṇaḥ sva-janmādi-līlayā sva-tulyān sahāvirbhūtān pārṣadān praharṣayaṃs tayaiva jīvān bahūn avidyāśārdūlīvadanād vimocya svāntardhānottara-bhāvino 'nyānuddidhīrṣur āhava-mūrdhni svātma-bhūtam apy arjunam avitarkya-sva-śaktyā samoham iva kurvan tan-moha-vimārjanāpadeśena saparikara-svātma-yāthātmyaika-nirūpikāṃ sva-gītopaniṣadam upādiśat |
tasyāṃ khalv īśvara-jīva-prakṛti-kāla-karmāṇi pañcārthā varṇyante | teṣu vibhu-saṃvid īśvaraḥ | aṇu-saṃvij jīvaḥ | sattvādi-guṇa-trayāśrayo dravyaṃ prakṛtiḥ | traiguṇya-śūnyaṃ jaḍa-dravyaṃ kālaḥ | puṃ-prayatna-niṣpādyam adṛṣṭādi-śabda-vācyaṃ karmeti |
teṣāṃ lakṣaṇāni | eṣv īśvarādīni catvāri nityāni | jīvādīni tv īśvara-vaśyāni | karma tu prāg-abhāvavad anādi vināśi ca | tatra saṃvit-svarūpo 'pīśvaro jīvaś ca saṃvettāsmad-arthaś ca - vijñānam ānandaṃ brahma, yaḥ sarvajñaḥ sarvavit, mantā boddhā kartā vijānātmā puruṣaḥ, ity ādi śruteḥ | so 'kāmayata bahu syām, sukham aham asvāpsaṃ na kiñcid avediṣam ity ādi śruteś ca | na cobhayatra mahat-tattva-jāto 'yam ahaṅkāraḥ |
tadā tasyānutpatter vilīnatvāc ca | sa ca sa ca kartā bhoktā siddhaḥ sarvajñaḥ sarva-vit kartā boddhā iti padebhyaḥ | anubhavitṛtvaṃ kahlu bhoktṛtvaṃ sarvābhyupagatam | so 'śnute sarvān kāmān saha brahmaṇā vipaścitā iti śrutes tūbhayos tat pravyaktam | yadyapi saṃvit-svarūpāt saṃvettṛtvādi nānyat prakāśa-svarūpād raver iva prakāśakatvādi, tathāpi viśeṣa-sāmarthyāt tad-anyatva-vyavahāraḥ | viśeṣaś ca bheda-pratinidhir na bhedaḥ | sa ca bhedābhāve 'pi bheda-kāryasya dharma-dharmi-bhāvādi-vyavahārasya hetuḥ |sattā satī bhedo bhinnaḥ kālaḥ sarvadāstīty ādiṣu vidvadbhiḥ pratītaḥ | tat-pratīty-anyathānupapattyā - evaṃ dharmān pṛthak paśyaṃs
tān evānuvidhāvati iti śrutyā ca siddhaḥ | iha hi brahma-dharmān abhidhāya tad-bhedaḥ pratiṣidhyate |
na khalu bheda-pratinidhes tasyāpy abhāve dharma-dharmi-bhāva-dharma-bahutve śakye vaktum ity anicchubhir api svīkāryāḥ syuḥ ta ime 'rthāḥ śāstre 'smin yathāsthānam anusandheyāḥ | iha hi jīvātma-paramātma-tad-dhāma tat-prāpty-upāyānāṃ svarūpāṇi yathāvan nirūpyante | tatra jīvātma-yāthātmya-paramātma-yāthātmyopayogitayā paramātma-yāthātmyaṃ tu tad-upāsanopayogitayā prakṛtyādikaṃ tu paramātmanaḥ sraṣṭur upakaraṇatayopadiśyate |
tad-upāyāś ca karma-jñāna-bhakti-bhedāt tredha | tatra śruta-tat-tat-phalanair apekṣeṇa kartṛtvābhiniveśa-parityāgena cānuṣṭhitasya sva-vihitasya karmaṇaḥ hṛd-viśuddhi-dvārā jñāna-bhaktyor upakāritvāt paramparayā tat-prāptāv upāyatvam | tac ca śruti-vihita-karma hiṃsā-śūnyam atra mukhyam | mokṣa-dharme pitā-putrādi-saṃvādāt hiṃsāvat tu gauṇaṃ viprakṛṣṭatvāt tayos tu sākṣād eva tathātvam |
nanu, tathānuṣṭhitena karmaṇā hṛd-viśuddhyā jñānodayena muktau satyāṃ bhaktyā ko viśeṣaḥ | ucyate, jñānam eva kiñcid viśeṣād bhaktir iti | nirṇimeṣa-vīkṣaṇa-kaṭākṣa-vīkṣaṇa-vadanayor antaraṃ cid-vigrahatayānusandhir jñānaṃ tena tat sālokyādiḥ | vicitra-līlā-rasāśrayatayānusandhis tu bhaktis tayā kroḍīkṛta-sālokyādi-tad-varīvasyānanda-lābhaḥ pumarthaḥ | bhakter jñānatvaṃ tu "sac-cid-ānandaika-rase bhakti-yoge tiṣṭhati" iti śruteḥ siddham |
tad idaṃ śravaṇādi-bhāvādi-śabda-vyapadiṣṭaṃ dṛṣṭam | jñānasya śravaṇādyākāratvaṃ cit-sukhasya viṣṇoḥ kuntalādi-pratīkatvavat pratyetavyam iti vakṣyāmaḥ | ṣaṭ-trike 'smin śāstre prathamena ṣaṭkeneśvarāṃśasya jīvasyāṃśīśvara-bhakty-upayogi-svarūpa-darśanam | tac cāntar-gata-jñāna-niṣkāma-karma-sādhyaṃ nirūpyate | madhyena parama-prāpyasyāṃśīśvarasya prāpaṇī bhaktis tan-mahima-dhī-pūrvikābhidhīyate | antyena tu pūrvoditānām eveśvarādīnāṃ svarūpāṇi pariśodhyante | trayāṇāṃ ṣaṭkānāṃ karma-bhakti-jñāna-pūrvatā-vyapadeśas tu tat-tat-prādhānyenaiva | carame bhakteḥ pratipatteś coktis tu
ratna-sampuṭordhva-likhita-tat-sūcaka-lipi-nyāyena |
asya śāstrasya śraddhāluḥ sad-dharma-niṣṭho vijitendriyo 'dhikārī | sa ca sa-niṣṭha-pariniṣṭhita-nirapekṣa-bhedāt trividhaḥ | teṣu svargādi-lokān api didṛkṣr niṣṭhayā sva-dharmān hary-arcana-rūpān ācaran prathamaḥ | loka-saṃjighṛkṣayā tān ācaran hari-bhakti-nirato dvitīyaḥ | sa ca sa ca sāśramaḥ | satya-tapo-japādibhir viśuddha-citto hary-eka-niratas tṛtīyo nirāśramaḥ | vācya-vācaka-bhāvaḥ sambandhaḥ | vācya ukta-lakṣaṇaḥ śrī-kṛṣṇaḥ | vācakas tad-gītā-śāstraṃ tādṛśaḥ so 'tra viṣayaḥ | aśeṣa-kleśa-nivṛtti-pūrvakas tat-sākṣāt-kāras
tu prayojanam ity anubandha-catuṣṭayam | atreśvarādiṣu triṣu brahma-śabdo 'kṣara-śabdaś ca baddha-jīveṣu tad-deheṣu ca kṣara-śabdaḥ | īśvara-jīva-dehe manasi buddhau dhṛtau yatne cātma-śabdaḥ | triguṇāyāṃ vāsanāyāṃ śīle svarūpe ca prakṛti-śabdaḥ | sattābhiprāya-svabhāva-padārtha-janmasu kriyāsv ātmasu ca bhāva-śabdaḥ | karmādiṣu triṣu citta-vṛtti-nirodhe ca yoga-śabdaḥ paṭhyate | etac chāstraṃ khalu svayaṃ bhagavataḥ sākṣād vacanaṃ sarvataḥ śreṣṭhaṃ --
gītā sugītā kartavyā kim anyaiḥ śāstra-vistaraiḥ |
yā svayaṃ padmanābhasya mukha-padmād viniḥsṛtā || iti pādmāt |
dhṛtarāṣṭrādi-vākyaṃ tu tat-saṅgati-lābhāya dvaipāyanena viracitam | tac ca lavaṇākara-nipāta-nyāyena tan-mayam ity upodghātaḥ |
saṅgrāma-mūrdhni saṃvādo
yo 'bhūd govinda-pārthayoḥ |
tat-saṅgatyai kathāṃ prākhyād
gītāsu prathame muniḥ ||
iti tāvad bhagavad-arjuna-saṃvādaṃ prastautuṃ kathā nirūpyate| dharmakṣetre ity ādibhiḥ sapta-viṃśatyā | tad-bhagavataḥ pārtha-sārathyaṃ vidvān dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ sva-putra-vijaye sandihānaḥ sañjayaṃ pṛcchatīty āha | janmejayaṃ prati vaiśampāyanaḥ dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāceti | yuyutsavo yoddhum icchavo māmakā mat-putrāḥ pāṇḍavāś ca kurukṣetre samavetāḥ kim akurvateti |

nanu yuyutsavaḥ samavetā iti tvam evātthya tato yudherann eva punaḥ kim akurvateti kas te bhāva iti cet, tatrāha - dharmakṣetra iti | "yad anu kurukṣetraṃ devānāṃ deva-yajanaṃ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ brahma-sadanam ity ādi-śravaṇād dharma-prarohi-bhūmi-bhūtaṃ kurukṣetraṃ prasiddham | tat-prabhāvād vinaṣṭa-vidveṣā mat-putrāḥ kiṃ pāṇḍavebhyas tad-rājyaṃ dātuṃ niścikyuḥ | kiṃ vā, pāṇḍavāḥ sadaiva dharma-śīlā dharma-kṣetre tasmin kula-kṣaya-hetukād adharmād bhītā vana-praveśam eva śreyo vimamṛśur iti | he sañjayeti vyāsa-prasādād vinaṣṭa-rāga-dveṣas
tvaṃ tathyaṃ vadety-arthaḥ | pāṇḍavānāṃ māmakatvānuktir dhṛtarāṣṭrasya teṣu droham abhivyanakti | dhānya-kṣetrāt tad-virodhināṃ dhānyābhāsānām iva dharma-kṣetrāt tad-virodhināṃ dharmābhāsānāṃ tvat-putrāṇām apagamo bhāvīti dharma-kṣetra-śabdena gīr-devyā vyajyate

BhG 1.2
saṃjaya uvāca
dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkaṃ vyūḍhaṃ duryodhanas tadā |
ācāryam upasaṃgamya rājā vacanam abravīt