Bhagavad Gita (with commentary) · Chapter 4

iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda-
śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye
tṛtīyo 'dhyāyaḥ
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BhG 4
atha caturtho 'dhyāyaḥ
(śaṅkara-bhāṣyaḥ)
yo 'yaṃ yogo 'dhyāya-dvayenokto jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇaḥ sa sannyāsaḥ karma-yogopāyaḥ | yasmin vedārthaḥ parisamāptaḥ pravṛtti-lakṣaṇo nivṛtti-lakṣaṇaś ca gītāsu ca sarvāsv ayam eva yogo vivakṣito bhagavatā | ataeva parisamāptaḥ pravṛttiṃ vedārthaṃ manvānas taṃ vaṃśa-kathanena stauti śrī-bhagavān |
śrī-bhagavān uvāca
imaṃ vivasvate yogaṃ proktavān aham avyayam |
vivasvān manave prāha manur ikṣvākave 'bravīt

imam adhyāya-dvayenoktaṃ yogaṃ vivasvate ādityāya sargādau proktavān aham | jagat-paripālayitṝṇāṃ kṣatriyāṇāṃ balādhānāya | tena yoga-balena yuktāḥ samarthā bhavanti brahma parirakṣituṃ, brahma-kṣatre paripālite jagat paripālayitum alam | avyayam avyaya-phalatvāt | na hy asya samyag darśana-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇasya mokṣākhyaṃ phalaṃ vyeti | sa ca vivasvān manave prāha | manur ikṣvākave sva-putrāyādirājāyābravīt

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evaṃ paramparā-prāptam imaṃ rājarṣayo viduḥ |
sa kāleneha mahatā yogo naṣṭaḥ parantapa

evaṃ kṣatriya-paramparā-prāptam imaṃ rājarṣayo rājānaś ca te ṛṣayaś ca rājarṣayo vidur imaṃ yogam | sa yogaḥ kāleneha mahatā dīrgheṇa naṣṭo vicchinna-sampradāyaḥ saṃvṛtto he parantapa ! ātmano vipakṣa-bhūtāḥ para ucyante tān śaurya-tejo-gabhastibhir bhānur iva tāpayatīti parantapaḥ śatru-tāpana ity arthaḥ

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durlabhān ajitendriyān prāpya naṣṭaṃ yogam imam upalabhya lokaṃ cāpuruṣārtha-sambandhinam -
sa evāyaṃ mayā te 'dya yogaḥ proktaḥ purātanaḥ |
bhakto 'si me sakhā ceti rahasyaṃ hy etad uttamam

sa evāyam mayā te tubhyam adya idānīṃ yogaḥ proktaḥ purātanaḥ | bhakto 'si me sakhā cāsīti | rahasyaṃ hi yasmād etad uttamaṃ yogo jñānam ity arthaḥ

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bhagavatā vipratiṣiddham uktam iti mā bhūt kasyacid buddhir iti parihārārthaṃ codyam iva kurvann arjuna uvāca -
aparaṃ bhavato janma paraṃ janma vivasvataḥ |
katham etad vijānīyāṃ tvam ādau proktavān iti

aparam arvāg vasudeva-gṛhe bhavato janma paraṃ pūrvaṃ sargādau janma utpattiḥ vivasvata ādityasya | tat katham etad vijānīyām aviruddhārthatayā yas tvam evādau proktavān imaṃ yogam | sa eva tvam idānīṃ mahyaṃ proktavān asīti

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yā vāsudeve anīśvarāsarvajñāśaṅkā mūrkhāṇāṃ tāṃ pariharan śrī-bhagavān uvāca padartho hy arjunasya praśnaḥ -
bahūni me vyatītāni janmāni tava cārjuna |
tāny ahaṃ veda sarvāṇi na tvaṃ vettha parantapa

bahūni me mama vyatītāni atikrāntāni janmāni tava ca he arjuna tāny ahaṃ veda jāne sarvāṇi na tvaṃ vettha jānīṣe | dharmādharmādi-pratibaddha-jñāna-śaktitvāt | ahaṃ punar nitya-śuddha-buddha-mukta-svabhāvatvād anāvaraṇa-jñāna-śaktir iti vedāham | he parantapa

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kathaṃ tarhi tava nityeśvarasya dharmādharmābhāve 'pi janma ? ity ucyate -
ajo 'pi sann avyayātmā bhūtānām īśvaro 'pi san |
prakṛtiṃ svām adhiṣṭhāya saṃbhavāmy ātma-māyayā

ajo 'pi janma-rahito 'pi san, tathāvyayātmākṣīṇa-jñāna-śakti-svabhāvo 'pi san, tathā bhūtānāṃ brahmādi-stamba-paryantānām īśvara īśana-śīlo 'pi san | prakṛtiṃ svāṃ mama vaiṣṇavīṃ māyāṃ triguṇātmikāṃ yasyā vaśe sarvam idaṃ jagad vartate | yayā mohitaṃ jagat sat svam ātmānaṃ vāsudevaṃ na jānāti | tāṃ prakṛtiṃ svām adhiṣṭhāya vaśīkṛtya saṃbhavāmi dehavān iva bhavāmi jāta ivātma-māyayātmano māyayā, na paramārthato lokavat

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tac ca janma kadā kim-arthaṃ ca ? ity ucyate -
yadā yadā hi dharmasya glānir bhavati bhārata |
abhyutthānam adharmasya tadātmānaṃ sṛjāmy aham

yadā yadā hi dharmasya glānir hānir varṇāśramādi-lakṣaṇasya prāṇinām abhyudaya-niḥśreyasa-sādhanasya bhavati | bhārata ! abhyutthānam udbhavo 'dharmasya tadātmānaṃ sṛjāmy ahaṃ māyayā

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kim-artham ?
paritrāṇāya sādhūnāṃ vināśāya ca duṣkṛtām |
dharma-saṃsthāpanārthāya saṃbhavāmi yuge yuge

paritrāṇāya parirakṣaṇāya sādhūnāṃ san-mārga-sthānām | vināśāya ca duṣkṛtāṃ pāpa-kāriṇām | kiṃ ca dharma-saṃsthāpanārthāya dharmasya samyak-sthāpanaṃ tad-arthaṃ sambhavāmi | yuge yuge pratiyugam

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janma karma ca me divyam evaṃ yo vetti tattvataḥ |
tyaktvā dehaṃ punar janma naiti mām eti so 'rjuna

taj-janma māyā-rūpaṃ, karma ca sādhu-paritrāṇādi, me mama divyam aprākṛtam aiśvaram evaṃ yathoktaṃ yo vetti tattvatas tattvena yathāvat tyaktvā deham imaṃ punar janma punar utpattiṃ naiti na prāpnoti, mām ety āgacchati, sa mucyate he 'rjuna

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naiṣa mokṣa-mārga idānīṃ pravṛttaḥ | kiṃ tarhi ? pūrvam api -
vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhā man-mayā mām upāśritāḥ |
bahavo jñāna-tapasā pūtā mad-bhāvam āgatāḥ

vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhāḥ - rāgaś ca bhayaṃ ca krodhaś ca rāga-bhaya-krodhāḥ, vītā vigatā rāga-bhaya-krodhā yebhyas te vīta-rāga-bhaya-krodhāḥ | man-mayā brahma-vida īśvarābheda-darśinaḥ | mām eva parameśvaram upāśritāḥ | kevala-jñāna-niṣṭhā ity arthaḥ | bahavo 'neke jñāna-tapasā jñānam eva ca paramātma-viṣayaṃ tapaḥ | tena jñāna-tapasā | pūtāḥ parāṃ śuddhiṃ gatāḥ santaḥ | mad-bhāvam īśvara-bhāvaṃ mokṣam āgatāḥ samanuprāptāḥ | itara-tapo-nirapekṣā jñāna-niṣṭhā ity asya liṅgaṃ jñāna-tapaseti viśeṣaṇam

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tava tarhi rāga-dveṣau staḥ | yena kebhyaścit evātma-bhāvaṃ prayacchasi, na sarvebhyaḥ | ity ucyate -
ye yathā māṃ prapadyante tāṃs tathaiva bhajāmy aham |
mama vartmānuvartante manuṣyāḥ pārtha sarvaśaḥ

ye yathā yena prakāreṇa yena prayojanena yat-phalārthitayā māṃ prapadyante tāṃs tathaiva tat-phala-dānena bhajāmy anugṛhṇāmy aham ity etat | teṣāṃ mokṣaṃ pratyanarthitvāt | na hy ekasya mumukṣutvaṃ phalārthitvaṃ ca yugapat sambhavati | ato ye yat-phalārthinas tāṃs tat-phala-pradānena, ye yathokta-kāriṇas tv aphalārthino mumukṣavaś ca tān jñāna-pradānena | ye jñāninaḥ sannyāsino mumukṣavaś ca tān mokṣa-pradānena, tathārtānārti-haraṇena ity evaṃ yathā prapadyante ye tāṃs tathaiva bhajāmīty arthaḥ | na punār rāga-dveṣa-nimittaṃ moha-nimittaṃ vā kaṃcid bhajāmi | sarvathāpi sarvāvasthasya mameśvarasya vartma mārgam anuvartante manuṣyāḥ | yat-phalārthitayā yasmin karmaṇy adhikṛtā ye prayatante te manuṣyā atra ucyante he pārtha sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakāraiḥ

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yadi taveśvarasya rāgādi-doṣābhāvāt sarva-prāṇiṣv anujighṛkṣāyāṃ tulyāyāṃ sarva-phala-pradāna-samarthe ca tvayi sati vāsudevaḥ sarvaṃ [Gītā 7.19] iti jñānenaiva mumukṣavaḥ santaḥ kasmāt tvām eva sarve na pratipadyante ? iti śṛṇu tatra kāraṇam -
kāṅkṣantaḥ karmaṇāṃ siddhiṃ yajanta iha devatāḥ |
kṣipraṃ hi mānuṣe loke siddhir bhavati karmajā

kāṅkṣanto 'bhīpsantaḥ karmaṇāṃ siddhiṃ phala-niṣpattiṃ prārthayanto yajanta ihāsmin loke devatā indrādgny-ādyāḥ | atha yo 'nyāṃ devatām upāste 'nyo 'sāv anyo 'ham asmīti na sa veda, yathā paśuḥ | evaṃ sa devānām [BAU 1.4.10] iti śruteḥ | teṣāṃ hi bhinna-devatāyājināṃ phalākāṅkṣiṇāṃ kṣipraṃ śīghraṃ hi yasmān mānuṣe loke | manuṣya-loke hi śāstrādhikāraḥ | kṣipraṃ hi mānuṣe loke iti viśeṣaṇāt | anyeṣv api karma-phala-siddhiṃ darśayati bhagavān | mānuṣe loke varṇāśramādi-karmādhikāra iti viśeṣaḥ | teṣāṃ ca varṇāśramādhikāriṇāṃ karmiṇāṃ phala-siddhiḥ kṣipraṃ bhavati karmajā karmaṇo jātā

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mānuṣa eva loke varṇāśramādi-karmādhikāraḥ | nānyeṣu lokeṣv iti niyamaḥ kiṃ-nimittaḥ ? iti | athavā varṇāśramādi-pravibhāgopetā manuṣyā mama vartmānuvartante sarvaśa [Gītā 4.11] ity uktaṃ kasmāt punaḥ kāraṇān niyamena tavaiva vartmānuvartante, nānyasya kim ? ucyate -
cātur-varṇyaṃ mayā sṛṣṭaṃ guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśaḥ |
tasya kartāram api māṃ viddhy akartāram avyayam

cāturvarṇyaṃ catvāra eva varṇāś cāturvarṇyaṃ mayeśvareṇa sṛṣṭam utpāditaṃ brāhmaṇo 'sya mukham āsīt [Ṛk 8.4.19.2, Yajuḥ 32.11] ity ādi śruteḥ | guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśo guṇa-vibhāgaśaḥ karma-vibhāgaśaś ca | guṇāḥ sattva-rajas-tamāṃsi | tatra sāttvikasya sattva-pradhānasya brāhmaṇasya śamo damas tapaḥ [Gītā 18.42] ity ādīni karmāṇi | sattvopa-sarjana-rajaḥ-pradhānasya kṣatriyasya śaurya-tejaḥ-prabhṛtīni karmāṇi | tama-upasarjana-rajaḥ-pradhānasya vaiśyasya kṛṣy-ādīni karmāṇi | raja-upasarjana-tamaḥ-pradhānasya śūdrasya śuśrūṣaiva karma | ity evaṃ guṇa-karma-vibhāgaśaś cāturguṇyaṃ mayā sṛṣṭam ity arthaḥ | tac cedaṃ cāturvarṇyaṃ nānyeṣu lokeṣu | ato mānuṣe loke iti viśeṣaṇam | hanta tarhi cāturvarṇya-sargādeḥ karmaṇaḥ kartṛtvāt
tat-phalena yujyase 'to na tvaṃ nitya-mukto nityeśvaraś ceti | ucyate - yadyapi māyā-saṃvyavahāreṇa tasya karmaṇaḥ kartāram api santaṃ māṃ paramārthato viddhy akartāraṃ, ataevāvyayam asaṃsāriṇaṃ ca māṃ viddhi

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yeṣāṃ tu karmaṇāṃ kartāraṃ māṃ manyase paramārthatas teṣām akartaivāham | yato -
na māṃ karmāṇi limpanti na me karma-phale spṛhā |
iti māṃ yo 'bhijānāti karmabhir na sa badhyate

na māṃ tāni karmāṇi limpanti dehādy-ārambhakatvenāhaṅkārābhāvāt | na ca teṣāṃ karmaṇāṃ phale me mama spṛhā tṛṣṇā | yeṣāṃ tu saṃsāriṇām ahaṃ kartety ābhimānaḥ karmasu spṛhā tat-phaleṣu ca tān karmāṇi limpantīti yuktam | tad-abhāvān na māṃ karmāṇi limpantīti | evaṃ yo 'nye 'pi mām ātmatvenābhijānāti nāhaṃ kartā na me karma-phale spṛheti na karmabhir na badhyate | tasyāpi na dehādy-ārambhakāni karmāṇi bhavantīty arthaḥ

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nāhaṃ kartā, na me karma-phale spṛheti -
evaṃ jñātvā kṛtaṃ karma pūrvair api mumukṣubhiḥ |
kuru karmaiva tasmāt tvaṃ pūrvaiḥ pūrvataraṃ kṛtam

evaṃ jñātvā kṛtam karma pūrvair apy atikrāntair mumukṣubhiḥ | kuru tena karmaiva tvam | na tuṣṇīm āsanaṃ nāpi saṃnyāsaḥ kartavyaḥ | tasmāt tvat-pūrvair apy anuṣṭhitatvād yady anātmajñas tvaṃ tad ātma-śuddhy-artham | tattvavic cet loka-saṃgrahārtham | pūrve janakādibhiḥ pūrvataraṃ kṛtam | nādhunātana-kṛtaṃ nivartitam

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tatra karma cet kartavyaṃ tvad-vacanād eva karomy aham | kiṃ viśeṣitena ? pūrvaiḥ pūrvataraṃ kṛtam [Gītā 4.15] iti | ucyate -- yasmān mahad vaiṣamyaṃ karmaṇi | katham ?
kiṃ karma kim akarmeti kavayo 'py atra mohitāḥ |
tat te karma pravakṣyāmi yaj jñātvā mokṣyase 'śubhāt

kiṃ karma kim cākarmeti kavayo medhāvino 'py atrāsmin karmādi-viṣaye mohitā mohaṃ gatāḥ | atas te tubhyam ahaṃ karmākarma ca pravakṣyāmi yaj jñātvā viditvā karmādi mokṣyase 'śubhāt saṃsārāt

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na caitat tvayā mantavyaṃ, karma nāma dehādi-ceṣṭā loka-prasiddhaṃ, akarma nāma tad-akriyā tūṣṇīm āsanam | kiṃ tatra boddhavyam ? iti | kasmāt ? ucyate -
karmaṇo hy api boddhavyaṃ boddhavyaṃ ca vikarmaṇaḥ |
akarmaṇaś ca boddhavyaṃ gahanā karmaṇo gatiḥ

karmaṇaḥ śāstra-vihitasya hi yasmād apy asti boddhavyam | boddhavyam cāsty eva vikarmaṇaḥ pratiṣiddhasya | tathākarmaṇaś ca tūṣṇīmbhāvasya boddhavyam astīti triṣv apy adhyāhāraḥ kartavyaḥ | yasmād gahanā viṣamā durjñānā karmaṇa ity upalakṣaṇārthaṃ karmādīnāṃ karmākarma-vikarmaṇāṃ gatir yāthātmyaṃ tattvam ity arthaḥ

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kiṃ punas tattvaṃ karmāder yad boddhavyam vakṣyāmīti pratijñātam ? ucyate --
karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed akarmaṇi ca karma yaḥ |
sa buddhimān manuṣyeṣu sa yuktaḥ kṛtsna-karma-kṛt

karmaṇi | karma kriyata iti karma vyāpāra-mātraṃ, tasmin karmaṇy akarma karmābhāvaṃ yaḥ paśyet | akarmaṇi ca karmābhāve kartṛ-tantratvāt pravṛtti-nivṛttyor vastv aprāpyaiva hi sarva eva kriyākārakādi-vyavahāro 'vidyābhūmāv eva karma yaḥ paśyet paśyati | sa buddhimān manuṣyeṣu, sa yukto yogī ca kṛtsna-karma-kṛt samasta-karma-kṛc ca sa iti stūyate karmākarmaṇor itaretara-darśī |
nanu kim idaṃ viruddham ucyate karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed iti | akarmaṇi ca karma iti | na hi karmākarma syād akarma vā karma, tatra viruddhaṃ kathaṃ paśyed draṣṭā ? na | akarmaiva paramārthataḥ sat-karmavad avabhāsate mūḍha-dṛṣṭer lokasya, tathā karmaivākarmavat | tatra yathābhūta-darśanārtham āha bhagavān karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed ity ādi | ato na viruddham buddhimattvādy-upapatteś ca | boddhavyam iti ca yathābhūta-darśanam ucyate | na ca viparīta-jñānād aśubhān mokṣaṇaṃ syāt yaj jñātvā mokṣyase 'śubhāt [Gītā 4.16] iti coktam | tasmāt karmākarmaṇī viparyayeṇa gṛhīte prāṇibhis tad-viparyaya-grahaṇa-nivṛtty-arthaṃ bhagavato vacanaṃ karmaṇy akarma yaḥ ity ādi |
na cātra karmādhikaraṇa-karmāsti, kuṇḍe badarāṇīva | nāpy akarmādhikaraṇaṃ karmāsti karmābhāvatvād akarmaṇaḥ | ato viparīta-gṛhīte eva karmākarmaṇī laukikaiḥ, yathā mṛgatṛṣṇikāyām udakaṃ śuktikāyāṃ vā rajatam |
nanu karma karmaiva sarveṣāṃ na kvacid vyabhicarati | tan na nau-sthasya nāvi gacchantyāṃ taṭasthesv agatiṣu nageṣu pratikūla-gati-darśanāt | dūreṣu cakṣuṣāsannikṛṣṭeṣu gacchatsu gaty-abhāva-darśanāt | evam ihāpy akarmaṇy ahaṃ karomīti karma-darśanaṃ karmaṇi cākarma-darśanaṃ viparīta-darśanaṃ yena, tan-nirākaraṇārtham ucyate karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyet ity ādi |
tad etad ukta-prativacanam apy asakṛd atyanta-viparīta-darśana-bhāvitatayā momuhyamāno lokaḥ śrutam apy asakṛt tattvaṃ vismṛtya vismṛtya mithyā-prasaṅgam avatāryāvatārya codayatīti punaḥ punar uttaram āha bhagavān | durvijñeyatvaṃ cālakṣya vastunaḥ | avyakto 'yam acintyo 'yaṃ [Gītā 2.25], na jāyate mriyate [Gītā 2.27] ity ādinātmani karmābhāvaḥ śruti-smṛti-nyāya-prasiddha ukto vakṣyamāṇaś ca | tasminn ātmani karmābhāve 'karmaṇi karma-viparīta-darśanam atyanta-nirūḍham | yataḥ kiṃ karma kim akarmeti kavayo 'py atra mohitāḥ [Gītā 4.16] dehādy-āśrayaṃ karmātmany adhyāropya | ahaṃ kartā mamaitat karma, mayāsya karmaṇaḥ phalaṃ bhoktavyam iti ca | tathā ahaṃ tūṣṇīṃ bhavāmi, yenāhaṃ nirāyāso 'karmā sukhī syām iti kārya-karaṇāśraya-vyāpāroparamaṃ tat-kṛtaṃ
casukhitvam ātmany adhyāropya na karomi kiṃcit tūṣṇīṃ sukham āsam ity abhimanyate lokaḥ | tatredaṃ lokasya viparīta-darśanāpanayanāyāha bhagavān karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed ity ādi |
atra ca karma karmaiva sat kārya-karaṇāśrayaṃ karma-rahito 'vikriya ātmani sarvair adhyastam | yataḥ paṇḍito 'py ahaṃ karomīti manyate | atha ātma-samavetatayā sarva-loka-prasiddhe karmaṇi nadī-kula-stheṣv iva gatiḥ pratilaumyena | ato 'karma karmābhāvaṃ yathā-bhūtaṃ gaty-abhāvam iva vṛkṣeṣu yaḥ paśyet | akarmaṇi ca kārya-karaṇa-vyāpāroparame karmavad ātmany adhyāropite tūṣṇīm akurvan sukham āse ity ahaṅkārābhisandhi-hetutvāt tasminn akarmaṇi ca karma yaḥ paśyet | ya evaṃ karmākarma-vibhāgajñaḥ sa buddhimān paṇḍito manuṣyeṣu | sa yukto yogī kṛtsna-karma-kṛc ca | so 'śubhān mokṣitaḥ kṛta-kṛtyo bhavatīty arthaḥ |
ayaṃ śloko 'nyathā vyākhyātaḥ kaiścit | katham ? nityānāṃ kila karmaṇām īśvarārthe 'nuṣṭhīyamānānāṃ tat-phalābhāvād akarmāṇi tāny ucyante gauṇyā vṛttyā | teṣāṃ cākaraṇam akarma | tac ca pratyavāya-phalatvāt karmocyate gauṇyaiva vṛttyā | tatra nitye karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyet phalābhāvāt | yathā dhenur api gaur agaur ucyate kṣīrākhyaṃ phalaṃ na prayacchatīti tadvat | tathā nityākaraṇe tv akarmaṇi karmaḥ āśyen narakādi-pratyavāya-phalaṃ prayacchatīti | naitad yuktaṃ vyākhyānam | evaṃ-jñānād aśubhān mokṣānupapatteḥ | yaj jñātvā mokṣyase 'śubhāt [Gītā 4.16] iti bhagavatoktaṃ vacanaṃ bodhyeta | katham ? nityānām anuṣṭhānād aśubhāt syān nāma mokṣaṇam | na tu teṣāṃ phalābhāva-jñānāt | na hi nityānāṃ phalābhāva-jñānam aśubha-mukti-phalatvena
coditaṃ nitya-karma-jñānaṃ vā | na ca bhagavativehoktam |
etenākarmaṇi karma-darśanaṃ pratyuktam | na hy akarmaṇi karmeti darśanaṃ kartavyatayeha codyate, nityasya tu kartavyatā-mātram | na cākaraṇān nityasya pratyavāyo bhavatīti vijñānāt kiṃcit phalaṃ syāt | nāpi nityākaraṇaṃ jñeyatvena coditam | nāpi karmākarmeti mithā-darśanād aśubhān mokṣaṇam | buddhimattvaṃ, yuktatā, kṛtsna-karma-kṛttvādi ca phalam upapadyate stutir vā | mithyā-jñānam eva hi sākṣād aśubha-rūpaṃ kuto 'nyasmād aśubhān mokṣaṇam ? na hi tamas tamaso nivartakaṃ bhavati |
nanu karmaṇi yad akarma-darśanam akarmaṇi vā karma-darśanaṃ, na tan-mithyā-jñānam | kiṃ tarhi gauṇaṃ phala-bhāvābhāva-nimittam ? na, karmākarma-vijñānād api gauṇāt phalasyāśravaṇāt | nāpi śruta-hānya-śruta-parikalpanayā kaścid viśeṣo labhyate | sva-śabdenāpi śakyaṃ vaktuṃ nitya-karmaṇāṃ phalaṃ nāsty akaraṇāc ca teṣāṃ naraka-pātaḥ syād iti | tatra vyājena para-vyāmoha-rūpeṇa karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyed ity ādinā kim ? tatraiva vyācakṣāṇena bhagavatoktaṃ vākyaṃ loka-vyāmohārtham iti vyaktaṃ kalpitaṃ syāt | na caitac chadma-rūpeṇa vākyena rakṣaṇīyaṃ vastu, nāpi śabdāntareṇa punaḥ punar ucyamānaṃ subodhaṃ syād ity evaṃ vaktuṃ yuktam | karmaṇy evādhikāras te [Gītā 2.47] ity atra hi sphuṭatara ukto 'rtho na punar vaktavyo bhavati | sarvatra ca praśastaṃ
boddhavyaṃ ca kartavyam eva, na niṣprayojanaṃ boddhavyam ity ucyate |

na ca mithyā-jñānaṃ boddhavyaṃ bhavati tat-pratyupasthāpitaṃ vā vastv-ābhāsam | nāpi nityānām akaraṇād abhāvāt prayavāya-bhāvotpattiḥ | nāsato vidyate bhāvo [Gītā 2.16] iti vacanāt | tat-katham asataḥ saj jāyate [ChāU 6.2.2] iti ca darśitam | asataḥ saj-janma-pratiṣedhād asataḥ sad-utpattiṃ bruvatā 'sad eva sad bhavet | sac cāsad bhaved ity uktaṃ syāt | tac cāyuktaṃ, sarva-pramāṇa-virodhāt | na ca niṣphalaṃ vidadhyāt karma śāstraṃ duḥkha-svarūpatvāt | duḥkhasya ca buddhi-pūrvakatayā kāryatvānupapatteḥ | tad-akaraṇe ca naraka-pātābhyupagame 'narthāyaiva | ubhayathāpi karaṇe 'karaṇe ca śāstraṃ niṣphalaṃ kalpitaṃ syāt | svābhyupagama-virodhaś ca nityaṃ niṣphalaṃ karmety abhyupagamya mokṣa-phalāyeti bruvataḥ | tasmād yathā-śruta evārthaḥ karmaṇy akarma ya ity ādeḥ | tathā ca vyākhyāto
'smābhiḥ ślokaḥ

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tad etat karmaṇy akarmādi-darśanaṃ stūyate -
yasya sarve samārambhāḥ kāma-saṃkalpa-varjitāḥ |
jñānāgni-dagdha-karmāṇaṃ tam āhuḥ paṇḍitaṃ budhāḥ

yasya yathokta-darśinaḥ sarve yāvantaḥ samārambhāḥ karmāṇi samārabhyanta iti samārambhāḥ | kāma-saṃkalpa-varjitāḥ kāmaistat-kāraṇaiś ca saṅkalpa-varjitā mudhaiva ceṣṭā-mātrā anuṣṭhīyante | pravṛttena cel loka-saṅgrahārthaṃ, nivṛttena cej jīvana-mātrārthaṃ, taṃ jñānāgni-dagdha-karmāṇaṃ karmādāv akarmādi-darśanaṃ jñānaṃ, tad evāgnis tena jñānāgninā dagdhāni śubhāśubha-lakṣaṇāni karmāṇi yasya | tam āhuḥ paramārthataḥ paṇḍitaṃ budhāḥ brahma-vidaḥ

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yas tu karmādāv akarmādi-darśī so 'karmādi-darśanād eva niṣkarmā sannyāsī jīvana-mātrārtha-ceṣṭaḥ san karmaṇi na pravartate, yadyapi prāg-vivekataḥ pravṛttaḥ | yas tu prārabdha-karmā sann uttara-kālam utpannātma-samyag-darśanaḥ syāt, sa sarva-karmaṇi prayojanam apaśyan sa-sādhanaṃ karma pariyajaty eva | sa kutaścin nimittāt karma-parityāgāsambhave sati karmaṇi tat-phale ca saṅga-rahitatayā sva-prayojanābhāvāl loka-saṅgrahārthaṃ pūrvavat karmaṇi pravṛtto 'pi naiva kiṃcit karoti jñānāgni-dagdha-karmatvāt tadīyaṃ karmākarmaiva sampadyata ity etam arthaṃ darśayiṣyann āha -
tyaktvā karma-phalāsaṅgaṃ nitya-tṛpto nirāśrayaḥ |
karmaṇy abhipravṛtto 'pi naiva kiṃcit karoti saḥ

tyaktvā karmasv abhimānaṃ phalāsaṅgaṃ ca yathoktena jñānena nitya-tṛpto nirākāṅkṣo viṣayeṣv ity arthaḥ | nirāśraya āśraya-rahitaḥ | āśrayo nāma yad āśritya puruṣārthaṃ sisādhayiṣati | dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-phala-sādhanāśraya-rahita ity arthaḥ | viduṣā kriyamāṇaṃ karma paramārthato 'karmaiva | tasya niṣkriyātma-darśana-sampannatvāt | tenaivambhūtena sva-prayojanābhāvāt sa-sādhanaṃ karma parityaktavyam eveti prāpte, tato nirgamāsambhavāl loka-saṅgraha-cikīrṣayā śiṣṭa-vigarhaṇāparijihīrṣayā vā pūrvavat karmaṇy-abhipravṛtto 'pi niṣkryātma-darśana-sampannatvān naiva kiṃcit karoti saḥ

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yaḥ punaḥ pūrvokta-viparītaḥ prāg eva karmāmbhād brahmaṇi sarvāntare pratyag-ātmani niṣkriye saṃjātātma-darśanaḥ, sa dṛṣṭādṛṣṭeṣṭa-viṣayāśīr vivarjitatayā dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthe karmaṇi prayojanam apyaśyan sa-sādhanaṃ karma saṃnyasya śarīra-yātrā-mātra-ceṣṭo yatir jñāna-niṣṭho mucyata iti | etad arthaṃ darśayitum āha-
nirāśīr yata-cittātmā tyakta-sarva-parigrahaḥ |
śārīraṃ kevalaṃ karma kurvan nāpnoti kilbiṣam

nirāśīr nirgatā āśiṣo yasmāt sa nirāśīḥ | yata-cittātmā cittam antaḥ-karaṇam | ātmā bāhyaḥ kārya-karaṇa-saṃghātaḥ | tāv ubhāv api yatau saṃyatau yasya sa yata-cittātmā | tyakta-sarva-parigrahaḥ - tyaktaḥ sarvaḥ parigraho yena sa tyakta-sarva-parigrahaḥ | śārīraṃ śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ kevalaṃ tatrāpi abhimāna-varjitaṃ karma kurvan | nāpnoti na prāpnoti kilbiṣam aniṣṭa-rūpaṃ pāpaṃ dharmaṃ ca | dharmo 'pi mumukṣor aniṣṭa-rūpaṃ kilbiṣam eva | bandhāpādakatvāt | tasmāt tābhyāṃ mukto bhavati, saṃsārān mukto bhavatīty arthaḥ |
kiṃ ca śārīraṃ kevalaṃ karmety atra kiṃ śarīra-nirvartyaṃ śārīraṃ karmābhipretam ? āho svic charīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ śārīraṃ karma ? iti | kiṃ cāto yadi śarīra-nirvartyaṃ śārīraṃ karma yadi vā śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ śarīram ? iti | ucyate -- yadā śarīra-nirvartyaṃ karma śārīram abhipretaṃ syāt tadā dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-prayojanaṃ karma pratiṣiddham api śarīreṇa kurvan nāpnoti kilbiṣam iti bruvato viruddhābhidhānaṃ prasajyeta | śāstrīyaṃ ca karma dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-prayojanaṃ śarīreṇa kurvan nāpnoti kilbiṣam ity api bruvato 'prāpta-pratiṣedha-prasaṅgaḥ | śārīraṃ karma kurvan iti viśeṣaṇāt kevala-śabda-prayogāc ca vāṅ-manasa-nirvartyaṃ karma vidhi-pratiṣedha-viṣayaṃ dharmādharma-śabda-vācyaṃ kurvan prāpnoti kilbiṣam ity uktaṃ syāt
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tatrāpi vāṅ-manasābhyāṃ vihitānuṣṭhāna-pakṣe kilbiṣa-prāpti-vacanaṃ viruddham āpadyeta | pratiṣiddha-sevi-pakṣe 'pi bhūtārthānuvāda-mātram anarthakaṃ syāt | yadā tu śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ śārīraṃ karmābhipretaṃ bhavet, tadā dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-prayojanaṃ karma vidhi-pratiṣedha-gamyaṃ śarīra-vāṅ-manasa-nirvartyam anyad akruvaṃs tair eva śarīrādibhiḥ śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ kevala-śabda-prayogāt ahaṃ karomi ity abhimāna-varjitaḥ śarīrādi-ceṣṭā-mātraṃ loka-dṛṣṭyā kurvan nāpnoti kilbiṣam | evambhūtasya pāpa-śabda-vācya-kilbiṣa-prāpty-asambhavāt kilbiṣaṃ saṃsāraṃ nāpnoti | jñānāgni-dagdha-sarva-karmatvād apratibandhena mucyate eveti pūrvokta-samyag-darśana-phalānuvāda evaiṣaḥ | evaṃ śarīraṃ kevalaṃ karma ity asyārthasya parigrahe
niravadyaṃ bhavati

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tyakta-sarva-parigrahasya yater annādeḥ śarīra-sthiti-hetorḥ parigrahasyābhāvād yācanādinā śarīra-sthitau kartavyatāyāṃ prāptāyāṃ ayācitam asaṃk ptam upapannaṃ yadṛcchayā [Mbh 14.46.19; Baudhayana-dharma-sūtra 21.8.12] ity ādinā vacanenānujñātaṃ yateḥ śarīra-sthiti-hetor annādeḥ prāpti-dvāram āviṣkurvann āha -
yadṛcchā-lābha-santuṣṭo dvandvātīto vimatsaraḥ |
samaḥ siddhāv asiddhau ca kṛtvāpi na nibadhyate

yadṛcchā-lābha-santuṣṭaḥ prārthitopanato lābho yadṛcchā-lābhaḥ, tena santuṣṭaḥ saṃjātālaṃ-pratyayaḥ | dvandvātīto dvandvaiḥ śītoṣṇādibhir hanyamāno 'py aviṣaṇṇa-citto dvandvātīta ucyate | vimatsaro vigata-matsaro nirvaira-buddhiḥ | samas tulyo yadṛcchā-lābhasya siddhāv asiddhau ca, ya evambhūto yatir annādeḥ śarīra-sthiti-hetor lābhālābhayoḥ samo harṣa-viṣāda-varjitaḥ, karmādāv akarmādi-darśī, yathā-bhūtātma-darśana-niṣṭhaḥ san śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojane bhikṣāṭanādi-karmaṇi śarīrādi-nirvartye naiva kiṃcit karomīti [Gītā 5.8] guṇā guṇeṣu vartanta [Gītā 3.28] ity evaṃ sadā samparicakṣāṇa ātmanaḥ kartṛtvābhāvaṃ paśyann eva kiṃcid bhikṣāṭanādikaṃ karma karoti | loka-vyavahāra-sāmānya-darśanena tu laukikair āropita-kartṛtve
bhikṣāṭanādau karmaṇi kartā bhavati | svānubhavena tu śāstra-pramāṇādi-janitenākartraiva | sa evaṃ parādhyāropita-kartṛtvaṃ śarīra-sthiti-mātra-prayojanaṃ bhikṣāṭanādikaṃ karma kṛtvāpi na nibadhyate, bandha-hetoḥ karmaṇaḥ sahetukasya jñānāgninā dagdhatvād ity uktānuvāda evaiṣaḥ

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tyaktvā karma-phalāsaṅgaṃ [Gītā 4.20] ity anena ślokena yaḥ prārabdha-karmā san yadā niṣkriya-brahmātma-darśana-sampannaḥ syāt tadā tasyātmanaḥ kartṛ-karma-prayojanābhāva-darśinaḥ karma-parityāge prāpte kutaścin nimittāt tad-asambhave sati pūrvavat tasmin karmaṇy abhipravṛttasyāpi naiva kiṃcit karoti sa [Gītā 4.20] itikarmābhāvaḥ pradarśitaḥ | yasyaivaṃ karmābhāvo darśitas tasyaiva -
gata-saṅgasya muktasya jñānāvasthita-cetasaḥ |
yajñāyācarataḥ karma samagraṃ pravilīyate

gata-saṅgasya sarvato nivṛttāsakter muktasya nivṛtta-dharmādharmādi-bandhanasya, jñānāvasthita-cetaso jñāna evāvasthitaṃ ceto yasya so 'yaṃ jñānāvasthita-cetāḥ | tasya yajñāya yajña-nirvṛtty-artham ācarato nirvartayataḥ karma samagraṃ sahāgreṇa phalena vartata iti samagraṃ karma tat-samagraṃ pravilīyate vinaśyatīty arthaḥ

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kasmāt punaḥ kāraṇāt kriyamāṇaṃ karma svakāryārambham akurvat samagraṃ pravilīyata ity ucyate ? yataḥ -
brahmārpaṇaṃ brahma havir brahmāgnau brahmaṇā hutam |
brahmaiva tena gantavyaṃ brahma-karma-samādhinā

brahmārpaṇaṃ yena karaṇena brahmavid havir agnāv arpayati | tad brahmaiveti paśyati tasyātma-vyatirekeṇābhāvaṃ paśyati | yathā śuktikāyāṃ rajatābhāvaṃ paśyati tad ucyate brahmaivārpaṇam iti | yathā yad rajataṃ tac chuktikaiveti | brahma arpaṇam ity asamaste pade yad-arpaṇa-buddhyā gṛhyate loke tad asya brahma-vido brahmaivety arthaḥ |
brahma havis tathā yad dhavir buddhyā gṛhyamāṇaṃ tad brahmaivāsay | tathā brahmāgnau iti samastaṃ padam | agnir api brahmaiva | yatra hūyate brahmaṇā kartrā brahmaiva kartety arthaḥ | yat tena hutaṃ havana-kriyā tad brahmaiva | yat tena gantavyaṃ phalaṃ tad api brahmaiva | brahma-karma-samādhinā brahmaiva karma brahma-karma tasmin samādhir yasya sa brahma-karma-samādhis tena brahma-karma-samādhinā brahmaiva gantavyam |
evaṃ loka-saṅgrahaṃ cikīrṣuṇāpi kriyamāṇaṃ karam, paramārthato 'karma brahma-buddhy-upamṛditvāt | evaṃ sati nivṛtta-karmaṇo 'pi sarva-karma-sannyāsinaḥ samyag-darśana-stuty-arthaṃ yajñatva-sampādanaṃ jñānasya sutarām upapadyate | yad-arpaṇādy-adhiyajñe prasiddhaṃ tad asyādhyātmaṃ brahmaiva paramārtha-darśina iti | anyathā sarvasya brahmatve 'rpaṇādīnām eva viśeṣato brahmatvābhidhānam anarthakaṃ syāt | tasmād brahmaivedaṃ sarvam ity abhijānato viduṣaḥ sarva-karmābhāvaḥ |
kāraka-buddhy-abhāvāc ca | nahi kāraka-buddhi-rahitaṃ yajñākhyaṃ karma dṛṣṭam | sarvam evāgni-hotrādikaṃ karma śabda-samarpita-devatā-viśeṣa-sampradānādi-kāraka-buddhimat-kartr-abhimāna-phalābhisandhimac ca dṛṣṭam | nopamṛdita-kriyākāraka-phala-bheda-buddhimat kartṛtvābhimāna-phalābhisandhi-rahitaṃ vā | idaṃ tu brahma-buddhy-upamṛditārpaṇādi-kāraka-kriyā-phala-bheda-buddhi karmāto 'karmaiva tat |
tathā ca darśitaṃ karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyet [Gītā 4.18], karmaṇy abhipravṛtto 'pi naiva kiṃcit karoti saḥ [Gītā 4.20], guṇā guṇeṣu vartante [Gītā 3.28], naiva kiṃcit karomīti yukto manyeta tattvavit [Gītā 5.8] ity ādibhiḥ | tathā ca darśayaṃs tatra tatra kriyā-kāraka-phala-bheda-buddhy-upamardaṃ karoti | dṛṣṭā ca kāmyāgnihotrādau kāmopamardena kāmyāgnihotrādi-hāniḥ | tathā mati-pūrvakām atipūrvakādīnāṃ karmaṇāṃ kārya-viśeṣasyārambhakatvaṃ dṛṣṭam | tathehāpi brahma-buddhy-upamṛditārpaṇādi-kāraka-kriyā-phala-bheda-buddher bāhya-ceṣṭā-mātreṇa karmāpi viduṣo 'karma sampadyate | ata uktaṃ samagraṃ pravilīyate [Gītā 4.23] iti |
atra kecid āhuḥ - yad brahma tad arpaṇādīni | brahmaiva kilārpaṇādinā pañca-vidhena kārakātmanā vyavasthitaṃ sat tad eva karma karoti | tatra nārpaṇādi-buddhir nivartyate | kintv arpaṇādiṣu brahma-buddhir ādhīyate | yathā pratimādau viṣṇv-ādi-buddhiḥ, yathā vā nāmādau brahma-buddhir iti | satyam evam api syād yadi jñāna-yajña-stuty-arthaṃ prakaraṇaṃ na syāt | atra tu samyag-darśanaṃ jñāna-yajña-śabditam anekān yajña-śabditān kriyā-viśeṣān upanyasya śreyān dravya-mayād yajñāj jñāna-yajñaḥ parantapa [Gītā 4.33] iti jñānaṃ stauti | atra ca samartham idaṃ vacanaṃ brahmārpaṇam ity ādi jñānasya yajñatva-sampādane, anyathā sarvasya brahmatve 'rpaṇādīnām eva viśeṣato brahmatvābhidhānam anarthakaṃ syāt | ye tv arpaṇādiṣu pratimāyāṃ viṣṇu-dṛṣṭivad brahma-dṛṣṭiḥ
kṣipyate | nāmādiṣv iva ceti bruvate, na teṣāṃ brahma-vidyokteha vivakṣitā syāt | arpaṇādi-viṣayatvāj jñānasya | na ca dṛṣṭi-sampādana-jñānena mokṣa-phalaṃ prāpyate | brahmaiva tena gantavyam iti cocyate |
viruddhaṃ ca samyag-darśanam antareṇa mokṣa-phalaṃ prāpyata iti | prakṛti-virodhaś ca | samyag-darśanaṃ ca prakṛtaṃ karmaṇy akarma yaḥ paśyet [Gītā 4.18] ity atrānte ca samyag-darśanaṃ tasyaivopasaṃhārāt | śreyān dravya-mayād yajñāj jñāna-yajñaḥ parantapa [Gītā 4.33] jñānaṃ labdhvā parāṃ śāntiṃ [Gītā 4.39] ity ādinā samyag-darśana-stutim eva kurvann upakṣīṇo 'dhyāyaḥ | tatrākasmād arpaṇādau brahma-dṛṣṭir aprakaraṇe pratimāyām iva viṣṇu-dṛṣṭir ucyata ity anupapannam | tasmād yathā-vyākhyātārtha evāyaṃ ślokaḥ

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tatrādhunā samyag-darśanasya yajñatvaṃ sampādya tat-stuty-artham anye 'pi yajñā upakṣipyante -
daivam evāpare yajñaṃ yoginaḥ paryupāsate |
brahmāgnāv apare yajñaṃ yajñenaivopajuhvati

daivam eva devā ijyante yena yajñenāsau daivo yajñas tam evāpare yajñaṃ yoginaḥ karmiṇaḥ paryupāsate, kurvantīty arthaḥ | brahmāgnau satyaṃ jñānam anantaṃ brahma [TaittU 2.1] vijñānam ānandaṃ brahma [BAU 3.9.28], yat sākṣād aparokṣād brahma ya ātmā sarvāntaraḥ [BAU 3.4.1], ity ādi vacanoktam aśanāyāpipāsādi-sarva-saṃsāra-dharma-varjitaṃ neti neti [BAU 4.4.22] iti nirastāśeṣa-viśeṣaṃ brahma-śabdenocyate | brahma ca tad-agniś ca sa homādhikaraṇatva-vivakṣayā brahmāgnis tasmin brahmāgnāv apare 'nye brahma-vido yajñaṃ yajña-śabda-vācya ātmā ātma-nāmasu yajña-śabdasya pāṭhāt [Nirukti 14.11] tam ātmānaṃ yajñaṃ paramārthataḥ param eva brahma santaṃ buddhyādy-upādhi-saṃyuktam adhyasta-sarvopādhi-dharmakam āhuti-rūpaṃ yajṇinaivātmanaivokta-lakṣaṇopajuhvati prakṣipanti,
sopādhikasyātmano nirupādhikena para-brahma-svarūpeṇaiva yad darśanaṃ, sa tasmin homas taṃ kurvanti, brahmātmaikatva-darśana-niṣṭhāḥ sannyāsina ity arthaḥ | so 'yaṃ samyag-darśana-lakṣaṇo yajño daiva-yajñādiṣu yajñeṣūpakṣipyante brahmārpaṇam ity ād-ślokaiḥ prastutaḥ śreyān dravya-mayād yajñāj jñāna-yajñaḥ parantapa [Gītā 4.33] ity ādinā stuty-artham

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śrotrādīnīndriyāṇy anye saṃyamāgniṣu juhvati |
śabdādīn viṣayān anya indriyāgniṣu juhvati

śrotrādīnīndriyāṇy anye yoginaḥ saṃyamāgniṣu pratīndriyaṃ saṃyamo bhidyata iti bahu-vacanam | saṃyamā evāgnayas teṣu juhvati | indriya-saṃyamam eva kurvantīty arthaḥ | śabdādīn viṣayān anya indriyāgniṣu juhvati, indriyāṇy evāgnayas teṣv indriyāgniṣu juhvati śrotrādibhir aviruddha-viṣaya-grahaṇaṃ homaṃ manyante

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kiṃ ca -
sarvāṇīndriya-karmāṇi prāṇa-karmāṇi cāpare |
ātma-saṃyama-yogāgnau juhvati jñāna-dīpite

sarvāṇīndriya-karmāṇi indriyāṇāṃ karmāṇīndriya-karmāṇi | tathā prāṇa-karmāṇi prāṇo vāyur ādhyātmikas tat-karmāṇy ākuñcana-prasāraṇādīni tāni cāpara ātma-saṃyama-yogāgnau, ātmani saṃyama ātma-saṃyamaḥ | sa eva yogāgnis tasminn ātma-saṃyama-yogāgnau juhvati prakṣipanti | jñāna-dīpite sneheneva pradīpite viveka-vijñānenojjvala-bhāvam āpādite pravilāpayantīty arthaḥ

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dravya-yajñās tapo-yajñā yoga-yajñās tathāpare |
svādhyāya-jñāna-yajñāś ca yatayaḥ saṃśita-vratāḥ

dravya-yajñās tīrtheṣu dravya-viniyogaṃ yajña-buddhyā kurvanti ye te dravya-yajñāḥ | tapo-yajñās tapo yajño yeṣāṃ tapasvināṃ te tapo-yajñāḥ | yoga-yajñāḥ prāṇāyāma-pratyāhārādi-lakṣaṇo yogo yajño yeṣāṃ te yoga-yajñāḥ | tathāpare svādhyāya-jñāna-yajñāś ca svādhyāyo yathā-vidhi ṛg-ādy-abhyāso yajño yeṣāṃ te svādhyāya-yajñāḥ | jñāna-yajñā jñānaṃ śāstrārtha-parijñānaṃ yajño yeṣāṃ te jñāna-yajñāḥ | svādhyāya-yajñā jñāna-yajñāś ca yatayo yatana-śīlāḥ | śaṃsita-vratāḥ samyak śitāni tanūkṛtāni tīkṣṇīkṛtāni vratāni yeṣāṃ te saṃśita-vratāḥ

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kiṃ ca -
apāne juhvati prāṇaṃ prāṇe 'pānaṃ tathāpare |
prāṇāpāna-gatī ruddhvā prāṇāyāma-parāyaṇāḥ

apāne 'pāna-vṛttau juhvati pratikṣipanti prāṇaṃ prāṇa-vṛttiṃ, pūrakākhyaṃ prāṇāyāmaṃ kurvantīty arthaḥ | prāṇe 'pānaṃ tathāpare juhvati | recakākhyaṃ ca prāṇāyāmaṃ kurvantīty etat | prāṇāpāna-gatī mukhya-nāsikābhyāṃ vāyor nirgamanaṃ prāṇasya gatis tad-viparyayeṇādho-gamanam apānasya gatis, te prāṇāpāna-gatī | ete ruddhvā nirudhya prāṇāyāma-parāyaṇāḥ prāṇāyāma-tat-parāḥ kumbhakākhyaṃ prāṇāyāmaṃ kurvantīty arthaḥ

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kiṃ ca -
apare niyatāhārāḥ prāṇān prāṇeṣu juhvati |
sarve 'py ete yajña-vido yajña-kṣapita-kalmaṣāḥ

apare niyatāhārā niyataḥ parimita āhāro yeṣāṃ te niyatāhārāḥ santaḥ, prāṇān vāyu-bhedān prāṇeṣv eva juhvati | yasya yasya vāyor jayaḥ kriyata itarān vāyu-bhedān tasmin tasmin juhvati, te tatra praviṣṭā iva bhavanti | sarve 'py ete yajña-vido yajña-kṣapitakalmaṣā yajñair yathoktaiḥ kṣapito nāśitaḥ kalmaṣo yeṣāṃ te yajña-kṣapita-kalmaṣāḥ

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evaṃ yathoktān yajñān nirvatrya ---
yajña-śiṣṭāmṛta-bhujo yānti brahma sanātanam |
nāyaṃ loko 'sty ayajñasya kuto 'nyaḥ kurusattama

yajña-śiṣṭāmṛta-bhujo yajñānāṃ śiṣṭaṃ yajña-śiṣṭaṃ yajña-śiṣṭaṃ ca tad amṛtaṃ ca yajña-śiṣṭāmṛtaṃ tad bhuñjata iti yajña-śiṣṭāmṛta-bhujaḥ | yathoktān yajñān kṛtvā tac-chiṣṭena kālena yathā-vidhi-coditam annam amṛtākhyaṃ bhuñjate iti yajña-śiṣṭāmṛta-bhujo yānti gacchanti brahma sanātanaṃ cirantanaṃ mumukṣavaś cet | kālātikramāpekṣayeti sāmarthyād gamyate | nāyaṃ lokaḥ sarva-prāṇi-sādhāraṇo 'py asti yathoktānāṃ yajñānām eko 'pi yajño yasya nāsti so 'yajñas tasya | kuto 'nyo viśiṣṭa-sādhana-sādhyaḥ kuru-sattama

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evaṃ bahu-vidhā yajñā vitatā brahmaṇo mukhe |
karmajān viddhi tān sarvān evaṃ jñātvā vimokṣyase

evaṃ yathoktā bahu-vidhā bahu-prakārā yajñā vitatā vistīrṇā brahmaṇo vedasya mukhe dvāre veda-dvāreṇa avagamyamānā brahmaṇo mukhe vitatā ucyante | tad yathā vāci hi prāṇaṃ juhumaḥ ity ādayaḥ | karmajān kāyika-vācika-mānasa-karmodbhavān viddhi tān sarvān anātmajān, nirvyāpāro hy ātmā | ata evaṃ jñātvā vimokṣyase 'śubhāt | na mad-vyāpārā ime, nirvyāpāro 'ham udāsīna ity evaṃ jñātvāsmāt samyag-darśanān mokṣyase saṃsāra-bandhanād ity arthaḥ

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brahmārpaṇam [Gītā 4.24] ity ādi lokena samyag-darśanasya yajñatvaṃ saṃpāditam | yajñāś cāneka upadiṣṭāḥ | taiḥ siddha-puruṣārtha-prayojanair jñānaṃ stūyate | katham ? ---
śreyān dravya-mayād yajñāj jñāna-yajñaḥ parantapa |
sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ pārtha jñāne parisamāpyate

śreyān dravya-mayāt dravya-sādhana-sādhyād yajñāj jñāna-yajño he paraṃtapa | dravya-mayo hi yajñaḥ phalasyārambhakaḥ, jñāna-yajño na phalārambhakaḥ, ataḥ śreyān praśasyataraḥ | katham ? yataḥ sarvaṃ karma samastam akhilam apratibaddhaṃ pārtha jñāne mokṣa-sādhane sarvataḥ saṃplutodaka-sthānīye parisamāpyate antarbhavatīty arthaḥ | yathā kṛtāya vijitāyādhareyāḥ saṃyanty evam enaṃ sarvaṃ tad abhisameti yat kiṃcit prajāḥ sādhu kurvanti yas tad veda yat sa veda [ChāU 4.1.4] iti śruteḥ

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tad etad viśiṣṭāṃ jñānaṃ tarhi kena prāpyata ity ucyate ---
tad viddhi praṇipātena paripraśnena sevayā |
upadekṣyanti te jñānaṃ jñāninas tattva-darśinaḥ

tat viddhi vijānīhi yena vidhinā prāpyate iti | ācāryān abhigamya, praṇipātena prakarṣeṇa nīcaiḥ patanaṃ praṇipāto dīrgha-namaskāras tena | kathaṃ bandhaḥ ? kathaṃ mokṣaḥ ? kā vidyā ? kā cāvidyā ? iti paripraśnena, sevayā guru-śuśrūṣayā evam ādinā | praśrayeṇāvarjitā ācāryā upadekṣyanti kathayiṣyanti te jñānaṃ yathokta-viśeṣaṇaṃ jñāninaḥ | jñānavanto 'pi kecid yathāvat tattva-darśana-śīlāḥ, apare na | ato viśinaṣṭi tattva-darśina iti | ye samyag-darśinas tair upadiṣṭaṃ jñānaṃ kārya-kṣamaṃ bhavati | netarad iti bhagavato matam

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tathā ca satīdamapi samarthaṃ vacanam --
yaj jñātvā na punar moham evaṃ yāsyasi pāṇḍava |
yena bhūtāny aśeṣeṇa drakṣyasy ātmany atho mayi

yaj jñātvā yaj jñānaṃ tair upadiṣṭam adhigamya prāpya punar bhūyo moham evaṃ yathedānīṃ mohaṃ gato 'si punar evaṃ na yāsyasi he pāṇḍāva | kiṃ ca ---- yena jñānena bhūtāny aśeṣeṇa brahmādīni stamba-paryantāni drakṣyasi sākṣād ātmani pratyag ātmani mat-saṃsthānīmāni bhūtānīty atho api mayi vāsudeve parameśvare cemānīti | kṣetrajñeśvaraikatvaṃ sarvopaniṣat-prasiddhaṃ drakṣyasīty arthaḥ

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kiṃ caitasya jñānasya māhātmyam ---
api ced asi pāpebhyaḥ sarvebhyaḥ pāpa-kṛttamaḥ |
sarvaṃ jñāna-plavenaiva vṛjinaṃ santariṣyasi

api ced asi pāpebhyaḥ pāpa-kṛdbhyaḥ sarvebhyo 'tiśayena pāpa-kṛt pāpa-kṛttamaḥ sarvaṃ jñāna-plavenaiva jñānam eva plavaṃ kṛtvā vṛjinaṃ vṛjinārṇavaṃ pāpa-samudraṃ saṃtariṣyasi | dharmo 'pīha mumukṣoḥ pāpam ucyate

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jñānaṃ kathaṃ nāśayati pāpam ? iti sa-dṛṣṭāntam ucyate ---
yathaidhāṃsi samiddho 'gnir bhasmasāt kurute 'rjuna |
jñānāgniḥ sarva-karmāṇi bhasmasāt kurute tathā

yathaidhāṃsi kāṣṭhāni samiddhaḥ samyag iddho dīpto 'gnir bhasmasāt bhasmībhāvaṃ kurute he arjuna, jñānam eva agnir jñānāgniḥ sarva-karmāṇi bhasmasāt kurute tathā nirbījīkarotīty arthaḥ | na hi sākṣād eva jñānāgniḥ karmāṇīndhanavat bhasmīkartuṃ śaknoti | tasmāt samyag darśanaṃ sarva-karmaṇāṃ nirbījatve kāraṇam ity abhiprāyaḥ | sāmarthyād yena karmaṇā arīram ārabdhaṃ tat pravṛtta-phalatvād upabhogenaiva kṣīyate | tasya tāvad eva ciraṃ yāvan na vimokṣye 'tha sampatsye [ChāU 6.14.1] ato yāny apravṛtta-phalāni jñānotpatteḥ prāk kṛtāni jñāna-sahabhāvīni cātītāneka-janma-kṛtāni ca tāny eva sarvāṇi bhasmasāt kurute

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yataḥ evam ataḥ---
na hi jñānena sadṛśaṃ pavitram iha vidyate |
tat svayaṃ yoga-saṃsiddhaḥ kālenātmani vindati

na hi jñānena sadṛśaṃ tulyaṃ pavitraṃ pāvanaṃ śuddhi-karam iha vidyate | taj jñānaṃ svayam eva yoga-saṃsiddho yogena karma-yogena samādhi-yogena ca saṃsiddhaḥ saṃskṛto yogyatām āpannaḥ san mumukṣuḥ kālena mahatā ātmani vindati labhate ity arthaḥ

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yenaikāntena jñāna-prāptir bhavati sa upāya upadiśyate ---
śraddhāvāṃl labhate jñānaṃ tat-paraḥ saṃyatendriyaḥ |
jñānaṃ labdhvā parāṃ śāntim acireṇādhigacchati

śraddhāvān śraddhālur labhate jñānam | śraddhālutve 'pi bhavati kaścin manda-prasthānaḥ, ata āha --- tat-paraḥ | gurūpāsadanādāv abhiyukto jñāna-labdhy-upāye śraddhāvān | tat-paro 'py ajitendriyaḥ syāt ity ata āha --- saṃyatendriyaḥ | saṃyatāni viṣayebhyo nivartitāni yasyendriyāṇi sa saṃyatendriyaḥ | ya evaṃbhūtaḥ śraddhāvān tat-paraḥ saṃyatendriyaś ca so 'vaśyaṃ jñānaṃ labhate | praṇipātādis tu bāhyo 'naikāntiko 'pi bhavati, māyāvitvādi-saṃbhavāt | na tu tat śraddhāvattvādau ity ekāntato jñāna-labdhy-upāyaḥ | kiṃ punar jñāna-lābhāt syād ity ucyate -- jñānaṃ labdhvā paraṃ mokṣākhyāṃ śāntim uparatim acireṇa kṣipram evādhigacchati | samyag-darśanāt kṣipram eva mokṣo bhavatīti sarva-śāstra-nyāya-prasiddhaḥ suniścito 'rthaḥ

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atra saṃśayo na kartavyaḥ, pāpiṣṭho hi saṃśayaḥ | katham ity ucyate ---
ajñaś cāśraddadhānaś ca saṃśayātmā vinaśyati |
nāyaṃ loko 'sti na paro na sukhaṃ saṃśayātmanaḥ

ajñaś cānātmajñaś cāśraddadhānaś ca guru-vākya-śāstreṣv aviśvāsavāṃś ca saṃśayātmā ca saṃśaya-cittaś ca vinaśyati | ajñāśraddadhānau yadyapi vinaśyataḥ, na tathā yathā saṃśayātmā | saṃśayātmā tu pāpiṣṭhaḥ sarveṣām | katham ? nāyaṃ sādhāraṇo 'pi loko 'sti | tathā na paro lokaḥ | na sukham, tatrāpi saṃśayotpatteḥ saṃśayātmanaḥ saṃśaya-cittasya | tasmāt saṃśayo na kartavyaḥ

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kasmāt ? ----
yoga-saṃnyasta-karmāṇaṃ jñāna-saṃchinna-saṃśayam |
ātmavantaṃ na karmāṇi nibadhnanti dhanañjaya

yoga-saṃnyasta-karmāṇaṃ paramārtha-darśana-lakṣaṇena yogena saṃnyastāni karmāṇi yena paramārtha-darśinā dharmādharmākhyāni taṃ yoga-saṃnyasta-karmāṇam | kathaṃ yoga-saṃnyasta-karmā ? ity āha - jñāna-saṃchinna-saṃśayaṃ jñānenātmeśvaraikatva-darśana-lakṣaṇena saṃchinnaḥ saṃśayo yasya yo jñāna-saṃchinna-saṃśayaḥ | ya evaṃ yoga-saṃnyasta-karmā tam ātmavantam apramattaṃ guṇa-ceṣṭā-rūpeṇa dṛṣṭāni karmāṇi na nibadhnanty aniṣṭādi-rūpaṃ phalaṃ nārabhante | he dhanaṃjaya

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yasmāt karma-yogānuṣṭhānād aśuddhi-kṣaya-hetuka-jñāna-saṃchinna-saṃśayo na nibadhyate karmabhir jñānāgni-dagdha-karmatvād eva, yasmāc ca jñāna-karmānuṣṭhāna-viṣaye saṃśayavān vinaśyati ---
tasmād ajñāna-saṃbhūtaṃ hṛt-sthaṃ jñānāsinātmanaḥ |
chittvainaṃ saṃśayaṃ yogam ātiṣṭhottiṣṭha bhārata

tasmāt pāpiṣṭham ajñāna-saṃbhūtam ajñānād avivekāj jātaṃ hṛt-sthaṃ hṛdi buddhau sthitaṃ jñānāsinā śoka-mohādi-doṣa-haraṃ samyag darśanaṃ jñānaṃ tad evāsiḥ khaḍgas tena jñānāsinā ātmanaḥ svasya, ātma-viṣayatvāt saṃśayasya | na hi parasya saṃśayaḥ pareṇa cchettavyatāṃ prāptaḥ, yena svasyeti viśeṣyeta | ata ātma-viṣayo 'pi svasyaiva bhavati | chittvā enaṃ saṃśayaṃ sva-vināśa-hetu-bhūtam, yogaṃ samyag-darśanopāyaṃ karmānuṣṭhānam ātiṣṭha kurv ity arthaḥ | uttiṣṭha cedānīṃ yuddhāya bhārata iti