Bhagavad Gita (with commentary) · Chapter 13

iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācāryasya śrī-govinda-bhagavat-pūjya-pāda-
śiṣyasya śrīmac-chaṃkara-bhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-bhāṣye
dvādaśo 'dhyāyaḥ ||
BhG 13
[*NOTE: Numbering of this adhyaya out of tune with standard editions
and probably defective; "13.33" missing!]
atha kṣetra-kṣetrajña-yogo nāma
trayodaśo 'dhyāyaḥ
(śrī-śaṅkarācārya-bhagavat-pāda-kṛta-bhāṣyam)
saptame 'dhyāye sūcite dve prakṛtī īśvarasya triguṇātmikāṣṭadhā bhinnāparā saṃsāra-hetutvāt, parā cānyā jīva-bhūtā kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇeśvarātmikā | yābhyāṃ prakṛtibhyām īśvaro jagad-utpatti-sthiti-laya-hetutvaṃ pratipadyate | tatra kṣetra-kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇa-prakṛti-dvaya-nirūpaṇa-dvāreṇa tadvata īśvarasya tattva-nirdhāraṇārthaṃ kṣetrādhyāya ārabhyate | atītānantarādhyāye ca adveṣṭā sarva-bhūtānāṃ [Gītā 12.13] ity ādinā yāvad-adhyāya-parisamāptis tāvat tattva-jñānināṃ sannyāsināṃ niṣṭhā yathā te vartanta ity etad uktam | kena punas te tattva-jñānena yuktā yathokta-dharmācaraṇād bhagavataḥ priyā bhavanty evam arthaś cāyam adhyāya ārabhyate | prakṛtiś ca triguṇātmikā sarva-kārya-karaṇa-viṣayākāreṇa pariṇatā puruṣasya bhogāpavargārtha-kartavyatayā
dehendriyādyākāreṇa saṃhanyate | so 'yaṃ saṅghāta idaṃ śarīram | tad etad bhagavān uvāca --
idaṃ śarīraṃ kaunteya kṣetram ity abhidhīyate |
etad yo vetti taṃ prāhuḥ kṣetrajña iti tad-vidaḥ

idam iti sarva-nāmnoktaṃ viśinaṣṭi śariram iti | he kaunteya ! kṣata-trāṇāt kṣayāt kṣaraṇāt, kṣetravad vāsmin karma-phala-niṣpatteḥ kṣetram iti | iti-śabda evaṃ-śabdedārthakaḥ | kṣetram ity evam abhidhīyate kathyate | etac charīraṃ kṣetraṃ yo vetti vijānāti, āpāda-tala-mastakaṃ jñānena viṣayīkaroti, svābhāvikenaupadeśikena vā vedanena viṣayīkaroti vibhāgaśaḥ, taṃ veditāraṃ prāhuḥ kathayanti kṣetrajña iti | iti-śabdaḥ evaṃ-śabda-padārthaka eva pūrvavat | kṣetrajñaḥ ity evam āhuḥ | ke ? tad-vidas tau kṣetra-kṣetrajñau ye vidanti te tad-vidaḥ

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evaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajñau uktau | kim etāvan-mātreṇa jñānena jñātavyau? iti nety ucyate -
kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi māṃ viddhi sarva-kṣetreṣu bhārata |
kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor jñānaṃ yat taj jñānaṃ mataṃ mama

kṣetrajñaṃ yathokta-lakṣaṇaṃ cāpi māṃ parameśvaram asaṃsāriṇaṃ viddhi jānīhi | sarva-kṣetreṣu yaḥ kṣetrajño brahmādi-stamba-paryantāneka-kṣetropādhi-pravibhaktaḥ | taṃ nirasta-sarvopādhi-bhedaṃ sad-asad-ādi-śabda-pratyayāgocaraṃ viddhīty abhiprāyaḥ | he bhārata ! yasmāt kṣetra-kṣetrajñeśvara-yāthātmya-vyatirekeṇa na jñāna-gocaram anyad avaśiṣṭam asti, tasmāt kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor jñeya-bhūtayor yaj jñānaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajñau yena jñānena viṣayīkriyete, taj jñānaṃ samyag-jñānam iti matam abhiprāyaḥ mameśvarasya viṣṇoḥ ||
nanu sarva-kṣetreṣv eka eveśvaraḥ | nānyas tad-vyatirikto bhoktā vidyate cet, tata īśvarasya saṃsāritvaṃ prāptam | īśvara-vyatirekeṇa vā saṃsāriṇo 'nyasyābhāvāt saṃsārābhāva-prasaṅgaḥ | tac cobhayam aniṣṭam, bandha-mokṣa-tad-dhetu-śāstrānarthakya-prasaṅgāt, pratyakṣādi-pramāṇa-virodhāc ca | pratyakṣeṇa tāvat sukha-duḥkha-tad-dhetu-lakṣaṇaḥ saṃsāra upalabhyate | jagad-vaicitryopalabdhe ca dharmādharma-nimittaḥ saṃsāro 'numīyate | sarvam etad anupapannam ātmeśvaraikatve | na | jñānājñānayor anyatvenopapatteḥ | dūram ete viparīte viṣūcī avidyā yā ca vidyeti jñātā [KaṭhU 1.2.4] tathā tayor vidyāvidyā-viṣayayoḥ phala-bhedo 'pi viruddho nirdiṣṭaḥ - śreyaś ca preyaś ca [KaṭhU 1.2.2] iti | vidyā-viṣayaḥ śreyaḥ, preyas tv avidyā-kāryam iti | tathā ca vyāsaḥ - dvāv
imāv atha panthānau [Mbh 12.241.6] ity ādi, imau dvāv eva panthānāv ity ādi ca | iha ca dve niṣṭhe ukte | avidyā ca saha kāryeṇa vidyayā hātavyeti śruti-smṛti-nyāyebhyo 'vagamyate |
śrutayas tāvat - iha ced avedīd atha satyam asti na ced ihāvedīn mahatī vinaṣṭiḥ [KenaU 2.5],
tam evaṃ vidvān amṛta iha bhavati [TaittĀ 3.12], nānyaḥ panthā vidyate 'yanāya [ŚvetU 3.8] vidvān na bibheti kutaścana [TaittU 2.9] |
aviduṣas tu - atha tasya bhayaṃ bhavati [TaittU 2.7], avidyāyām antare vartamānāḥ [KaṭhU 1.2.5], brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati [MuṇḍU 3.2.9], anyo 'sāv anyo 'ham asmīti na sa veda yathā paśur evaṃ sa devānām [BAU 1.4.10] | ātmavid yaḥ sa idaṃ sarvaṃ bhavati [BAU 1.4.10], yadā carmavat [ŚvetU 6.20] ity ādyāḥ sahasraśaḥ |
smṛtayaś ca - ajñānenāvṛtaṃ jñānaṃ tena muhyanti jantavaḥ [Gītā 5.25], ihaiva tair jitaḥ sargo yeṣāṃ sāmye sthitaṃ manaḥ [Gītā 5.19], samaṃ paśyan hi sarvatra [Gītā 13.29] ity ādyāḥ |
nyāyataś ca -
sarpān kuśāgrāṇi tathodapānaṃ
jñātvā manuṣyāḥ parivarjayanti |
ajñānatas tatra patanti kecij jñāne
phalaṃ paśya yathā-viśiṣṭam || [Mbh 12.201.17] iti |
tathā ca - dehādiṣu ātma-buddhir avidvān rāga-dveṣādi-prayukto dharmādharmānuṣṭhāna-kṛj jāyate mriyate cety avagamyate | dehādi-vyatiriktātma-darśino rāga-dveṣādi-prahāṇāpekṣa-dharmādharma-pravṛtty-upaśamān mucyanta iti na kenacit pratyākhyātuṃ śakyaṃ nyāyataḥ | tatraivaṃ sati, kṣetrajñasyeśvarasyaiva sato 'vidyā-kṛtopādhi-bhedataḥ saṃsāritvam iva bhavati, yathā dehādy-ātmatvam ātmanaḥ | sarva-jantūnāṃ hi prasiddho dehādiṣv anātmasu ātma-bhāvo niścito 'vidyā-kṛtaḥ, yathā sthāṇau puruṣa-niścayaḥ | na caitāvatā puruṣa-dharmaḥ sthāṇor bhavati, sthāṇu-dharmo vā puruṣasya | tathā na caitanya-dharmo dehasya, deha-dharmo vā cetanasya sukha-duḥkha-mohātmakatvādir ātmano na yuktaḥ | avidyā-kṛtatvāviśeṣāt, jarā-mṛtyuvat |
na, atulyatvāt | iti cet - sthāṇu-puruṣau jñeyāv eva santau jñātrānyonyasminn adhyastāv avidyayā | dehātmanos tu jñeya-jñātror eva itaretarādhyāsaḥ, iti na samo dṛṣṭāntaḥ |
ato deha-dharmo jñeyo 'pi jñātur ātmano bhavatīti cet, na | acaitanyādi-prasaṅgāt | yadi hi jñeyasya dehādeḥ kṣetrasya dharmāḥ sukha-duḥkha-mohecchādayo jñātur bhavanti, tarhi, jñeyasya kṣetrasya dharmāḥ kecit ātmano bhavanty avidyādhyāropitāḥ, jarā-maraṇādayas tu na bhavantīti viśeṣa-hetur vaktavyaḥ | na bhavantīty asty anumānam - avidyādhyāropitatvāj jarā-maraṇādivad iti, heyatvāt, upādeyatvāc cety ādi |
tatraivaṃ sati, kartṛtva-bhoktṛtva-lakṣaṇaḥ saṃsāro jñeya-stho jñātary avidyayādhyāropita iti, na tena jñātuḥ kiṃcid duṣyati | yathā bālair adhyāropitenākāśasya tala-malinatvādinā |
evaṃ ca sati, sarva-kṣetreṣv api sato bhagavataḥ kṣetrajñasyeśvarasya saṃsāritva-gandha-mātram api nāśaṅkayam | na hi kvacid api loke 'vidyādhyastena dharmeṇa kasyacid upakāro 'pakāro vā dṛṣṭaḥ |
yat tūktam - na samo dṛṣṭānta iti, tad asat | katham ? avidyādhyāsa-mātraṃ hi dṛṣṭānta-dārṣṭāntikayoḥ sādharmyaṃ vivakṣitam | tan na vyabhicarati | yat tu jñātari vyabhicaratīti manyase, tasyāpy anaikāntikatvaṃ darśitaṃ jarādibhiḥ ||
avidyāvattvāt kṣetrajñasya saṃsāritvam iti cet, na | avidyāyās tāmasatvāt | tāmaso hi pratyayaḥ, āvaraṇātmakatvād avidyā viparīta-grāhakaḥ, saṃśayopasthāpako vā, agrahaṇātmako vā | viveka-prakāśa-bhāve tad-abhāvāt tāmase cāvaraṇātmake timirādi-doṣe saty agrahaṇāder avidyā-trayasya upalabdheḥ ||
atrāha - evaṃ tarhi jñātṛ-dharmo 'vidyā | na | karaṇe cakṣuṣi taimirikatvādi-doṣopalabdheḥ | yat tu manyase - jñātṛ-dharmo 'vidyā, tad eva cāvidyā-dharmavattvaṃ kṣetrajñasya saṃsāritvam | tatra yad uktam īśvara eva kṣetrajñaḥ, na saṃsārīty etad ayuktam iti, tan na | yathā karaṇe cakṣuṣi viparīta-grāhakādi-doṣasya darśanāt | na viparītādi-grahaṇaṃ tan-nimittaṃ vā taimirikatvādi-doṣo grahītuḥ, cakṣuṣaḥ saṃskāreṇa timire 'panīte grahītur adarśanān na grahītur dharmo yathā | tathā sarvatraivāgrahaṇa-viparīta-saṃśaya-pratyayās tan-nimittāḥ karaṇasyaiva kasyacit bhavitum arhanti, na jñātuḥ kṣetrajñasya | saṃvedyatvāc ca teṣāṃ pradīpa-prakāśavan na jñātṛ-dharmatvam | saṃvedyatvād eva svātma-vyatirikta-saṃvedyatvam | sarva-karaṇa-viyoge ca kaivalye sarva-vādibhir
avidyādi-doṣavat-tvānabhyupagamāt | ātmano yadi kṣetrajñasyāgny-uṣṇavat svo dharmaḥ, tato na kadācid api tena viyogaḥ syāt | avikriyasya ca vyomavat sarva-gatasyāmūrtasya ātmanaḥ kenacit saṃyoga-viyogānupapatteḥ, siddhaṃ kṣetrajñasya nityam eveśvaratvam | anāditvān nirguṇatvād [Gītā 13.32] ity ādīśvara-vacanāc ca ||

nanv evaṃ sati saṃsāra-saṃsāritvābhāve śāstrānarthakyādi-doṣaḥ syād iti cet, na | sarvair abhyupagatatvāt | sarvair hy ātma-vādibhir abhyupagato doṣo naikena parihartavyo bhavati | katham abhyupagata iti ? muktātmanāṃ hi saṃsāra-saṃsāritva-vyavahārābhāvaḥ sarvair eva ātma-vādibhir iṣyate | na ca teṣāṃ śāstrānarthakyādi-doṣa-prāptir abhyupagatā | tathā naḥ kṣetrajñānām īśvaraikatve sati, śāstrānarthakyaṃ bhavatu | avidyā-viṣaye cārthavattvam - yathā dvaitināṃ sarveṣāṃ bandhāvasthāyām eva śāstrādy-arthavattvam, na muktāvasthāyām, evam ||
nanv ātmano bandha-muktāvasthe paramārthata eva vastu-bhūte dvaitināṃ sarveṣām | ato heyopādeya-tat-sādhana-sad-bhāve śāstrādy-arthavattvaṃ syāt | advaitināṃ punaḥ, dvaitasyāparamārthatvāt, avidyā-kṛtatvād bandhāvasthāyāś cātmano 'paramārthatve nirviṣayatvāt, śāstrādyānarthakyam iti cet, na | ātmano 'vasthā-bhedānupapatteḥ | yadi tāvat ātmano bandha-muktāvasthe, yugapat syātām, krameṇa vā | yugapat tāvat virodhān na saṃbhavataḥ sthiti-gatī ivaikasmin | krama-bhāvitve ca, nirnimittatvaṃ sa-nimittatvaṃ vā ? nirnimittatve 'nirmokṣa-prasaṅgaḥ | sa-nimittatve ca svato 'bhāvāt aparamārthatva-prasaṅgaḥ | tathā ca saty abhyupagama-hāniḥ |
kiṃ ca, bandha-muktāvasthayoḥ paurvāparya-nirūpaṇāyāṃ bandhāvasthā pūrvaṃ prakalpyā, anādimaty antavatī ca | tac ca pramāṇa-viruddham | tathā mokṣāvasthādimaty anantā ca pramāṇa-viruddhaivābhyupagamyate | na cāvasthāvato 'vasthāntaraṃ gacchato nityatvam upapādayituṃ śakyam | athānityatva-doṣa-parihārāya bandha-muktāvasthā-bhedo na kalpyate | ato dvaitinām api śāstrānarthakyādi-doṣo 'parihārya eva | iti samānatvān nādvaita-vādinā parihartavyo doṣaḥ ||
na ca śāstrānarthakyam, yathā-prasiddhāvidvat-puruṣa-viṣayatvāc chāstrasya | aviduṣāṃ hi phala-hetvor anātmanor ātma-darśanam, na viduṣām | viduṣāṃ hi phala-hetubhyām ātmano 'nyatva-darśane sati, tayor aham ity ātma-darśanānupapatteḥ | na hy atyanta-mūḍha unmattādir api jalāgnyoś chāyā-prakāśayor vaikātmyaṃ paśyati | kim uta vivekī | tasmān na vidhi-pratiṣedha-śāstraṃ tāvat phala-hetubhyām ātmano 'nyatva-darśino bhavati |
na hi "devadatta, tvam idaṃ kuru" iti kasmiṃścit karmaṇi niyukte, "viṣṇumitro 'haṃ niyuktaḥ" iti tatra-stho niyogaṃ sṛṇvann api pratipadyate | viyoga-viṣaya-vivekāgrahaṇāt tūpapadyate pratipattiḥ | tathā phala-hetvor api ||
nanu prākṛta-saṃbandhāpekṣayā yuktaiva pratipattiḥ śāstrārtha-viṣayā - phala-hetubhyām anyātma-viṣaya-darśane 'pi sati - iṣṭa-phala-hetau pravartito 'smi, aniṣṭa-phala-hetoś ca nivartito 'smīti | yathā pitṛ-putrādīnām itaretarātmānyatva-darśane saty apy anyonya-niyoga-pratiṣedhārtha-pratipattiḥ | na | vyatiriktātma-darśana-pratipatteḥ prāg eva phala-hetvor ātmābhimānasya siddhatvāt | pratipanna-niyoga-pratiṣedhārtho hi phala-hetubhyām ātmano 'nyatvaṃ pratipadyate, na pūrvam | tasmād vidhi-pratiṣedha-śāstram avidvad-viṣayam iti siddham ||
nanu svarga-kāmo yajeta [Ap.Śr.S. 10.2.1] na kalañjaṃ bhakṣayed ity ādāv ātma-vyatireka-darśinām apravṛttau, kevala-dehādy-ātma-dṛṣṭīnāṃ ca | ataḥ kartur abhāvāc chāstrānarthakyam iti cet, na | yathā-prasiddhita eva pravṛtti-nivṛtty-upapatteḥ | īśvara-kṣetrajñaikatva-darśī brahma-vit tāvan na pravartate | tathā nairātmyavādy api nāsti para-loka iti na pravartate | yathā-prasiddhitas tu vidhi-pratiṣedha-śāstra-śravaṇānyathānupapattyānumitātmāstitva ātma-viśeṣānabhijñaḥ karma-phala-saṃjāta-tṛṣṇaḥ śraddadhānatayā ca pravartate | iti sarveṣāṃ na pratyakṣam | ato na śāstrānarthakyam ||
vivekinām apravṛtti-darśanāt tad-anugāminām apravṛttau śāstrānarthakyam iti cet, na | kasyacid eva vivekopapatteḥ | anekeṣu hi prāṇiṣu kaścid eva vivekī syāt, yathedānīm | na ca vivekinam anuvartante mūḍhāḥ, rāgādi-doṣa-tantratvāt pravṛtteḥ, abhicaraṇādau ca pravṛtti-darśanāt, svābhāvyāc ca pravṛtteḥ | svabhāvas tu pravartate [Gītā 5.14] iti hi uktam ||
tasmāt avidyā-mātraṃ saṃsāro yathā-dṛṣṭa-viṣaya eva | na kṣetrajñasya kevalasyāvidyā tat-kāryaṃ ca | na ca mithyā-jñānaṃ paramārtha-vastu dūṣayituṃ samartham | na hy ūṣara-deśaṃ snehena paṅkī-kartuṃ śaknoti marīcy-udakam | tathāvidyā kṣetrajñasya na kiṃcit kartuṃ śaknoti | ataś cedam uktam - kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi māṃ viddhi | ajñānenāvṛtaṃ jñānam [Gītā 5.15] iti ca ||
atha kim idaṃ saṃsāriṇām ivāham evam mamaivedam iti paṇḍitānām api ? sṛṇu | idaṃ tat pāṇḍityam, yat kṣetra evātma-darśanam | yadi punaḥ kṣetrajñam avikriyaṃ paśyeyus tato na bhogaṃ karma vākāṅkṣeyur mama syād iti | vikriyaiva bhoga-karmaṇī | athaivaṃ sati, phalārthitvād avidvān pravartate | viduṣaḥ punar avikriyātma-darśinaḥ phalārthitvābhāvāt pravṛtty-anupapattau kārya-karaṇa-saṃghāta-vyāpāroparame nivṛttir upacaryate ||
idaṃ cānyat pāṇḍityaṃ kasyacid astu - kṣetrajña īśvara eva | kṣetraṃ cānyat kṣetrajñasyaiva viṣayaḥ | ahaṃ tu saṃsārī sukhī duḥkhī ca | saṃsāroparamaś ca mama kartavyaḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-vijñānena, dhyānena ceśvaraṃ kṣetrajñaṃ sākṣāt kṛtvā tat-svarūpāvasthāneneti | yaś caivaṃ budhyate, yaś ca bodhayati, nāsau kṣetrajña iti | evaṃ manvāno yaḥ sa paṇḍitāpaśabdaḥ | saṃsāra-mokṣayoḥ śāstrasya cārthavattvaṃ karomīti | ātmahā svayaṃ mūḍho 'nyāṃ ca vyāmohayati śāstrārtha-saṃpradāya-rahitatvāt, śruta-hānim aśruta-kalpanāṃ ca kurvan | tasmāt asaṃpradāya-vit sarva-śāstra-vid api mūrkhavad eva upekṣaṇīyaḥ ||
yat tūktam īśvarasya kṣetrajñaikatve saṃsāritvaṃ prāpnoti | kṣetrajñānāṃ ceśvaraikatve saṃsāriṇo 'bhāvāt saṃsārābhāva-prasaṅga iti | etau doṣau pratyuktau vidyāvidyayor vailakṣaṇyābhyupagamād iti | katham ? avidyā-parikalpita-doṣeṇa tad-viṣayaṃ vastu pāramārthikaṃ na duṣyatīti | tathā ca dṛṣṭanto darśitaḥ - marīcy-ambhasā ūṣara-deśo na paṅkīkriyata iti | saṃsāriṇo 'bhāvāt saṃsārābhāva-prasaṅga-doṣo 'pi saṃsāra-saṃsāriṇor avidyā-kalpitatvopapattyā pratyuktaḥ ||

nanu avidyāvattvam eva kṣetrajñasya saṃsāritva-doṣaḥ | tat-kṛtaṃ ca sukhitva-duḥkhitvādi pratyakṣam upalabhyate iti cet, na | jñeyasya kṣetra-dharmatvāt, jñātuḥ kṣetrajñasya tat-kṛta-doṣānupapatteḥ | yāvat kiṃcit kṣetrajñasya doṣa-jātam avidyamānam āsañjayasi, tasya jñeyatvopapatteḥ kṣetra-dharmatvam eva, na kṣetrajña-dharmatvam | na ca tena kṣetrajño duṣyati, jñeyena jñātuḥ saṃsargānupapatteḥ | yadi hi saṃsargaḥ syāt, jñeyatvam eva nopapadyeta | yady ātmano dharmo 'vidyāvattvaṃ duḥkhitvādi ca kathaṃ bhoḥ pratyakṣam upalabhyate | kathaṃ vā kṣetrajña-dharmaḥ | jñeyaṃ ca sarvaṃ kṣetraṃ jñātaiva kṣetrajña ity avadhārite, avidyā-duḥkhitvādeḥ kṣetrajña-viśeṣaṇatvaṃ kṣetrajña-dharmatvaṃ tasya ca pratyakṣopalabhyatvam iti viruddham ucyate 'vidyā-mātrāvaṣṭambhāt
kevalam ||
atrāha - sāvidyā kasya ? iti | yasya dṛśyate tasyaiva | kasya dṛśyate ? iti | atrocyate - avidyā kasya dṛśyate iti praśno nirarthakaḥ | katham ? dṛśyate ced avidyā, tadvantam api paśyasi | na ca tadvaty upalabhyamāne sā kasya ? iti praśno yuktaḥ | na hi gomati upalabhyamāne gāvaḥ kasya ? iti praśno 'rthavān bhavati |
nanu viṣamo dṛṣṭāntaḥ | gavāṃ tadvataś ca pratyakṣatvāt tat-saṃbandho 'pi pratyakṣa iti praśno nirarthakaḥ | na tathāvidyā tadvāṃś ca pratyakṣau, yataḥ praśno nirarthakaḥ syāt | apratyakṣeṇāvidyāvatāvidyā-saṃbandhe jñāte, kiṃ tava syāt ? avidyāyā anartha-hetutvāt parihartavyā syāt | yasyāvidyā, sa tāṃ parihariṣyati |
nanu mamaivāvidyā | jānāsi tarhy avidyāṃ tadvantaṃ ca ātmānam | jānāmi, na tu pratyakṣeṇa | anumānenaś cej jānāsi, kathaṃ saṃbandhagrahaṇam ? na hi tava jñātuḥ jñeya-bhūtayāvidyayā tat-kāle saṃbandho grahītuṃ śakyate, avidyāyā viṣayatvenaiva jñātur upayuktatvāt | na ca jñātur avidyāyā ca saṃbandhasya yo grahītā, jñānaṃ cānyat tad-viṣayaṃ saṃbhavati | anavasthā-prāpteḥ | yadi jñātrāpi jñeya-saṃbandho jñāyate, anyo jñātā kalpyaḥ syāt, tasyāpy anyaḥ, tasyāpy anyaḥ ity anavasthāparihāryā | yadi punar avidyā jñeyā, anyad vā jñeyaṃ jñeyam eva | tathā jñātāpi jñātaiva, na jñeyaṃ bhavati | yadā caivam, avidyā-duḥkhitvādyair na jñātuḥ kṣetrajñasya kiṃcit duṣyati ||
nanu ayam eva doṣaḥ, yat doṣavat-kṣetra-vijñātṛtvam | na ca vijñāna-svarūpasyaivāvikriyasya vijñātṛtvopacārāt | yathoṣṇatā-mātreṇāgnes tapti-kriyopacāraḥ, tadvat | yathātra bhagavatā kriyākāraka-phalātmatvābhāva ātmani svata eva darśitaḥ - avidyādhyāropita eva kriyā-kārakādir ātmany upacaryate | tathā tatra tatra ya enaṃ vetti hantāram [Gītā 2.19], prakṛteḥ kriyamāṇāni guṇaiḥ karmāṇi sarvaśaḥ [Gītā 3.27], nādatte kasyacit pāpam [Gītā 5.15] ity ādi-prakaraṇeṣu darśitaḥ | tathaiva ca vyākhyātam asmābhiḥ | uttareṣu ca prakaraṇeṣu darśayiṣyāmaḥ ||
hanta ! tarhy ātmani kriyā-kāraka-phalātmatāyāḥ svato 'bhāve, avidyayā cādhyāropitatve, karmāṇy avidvat-kartavyāny eva, na viduṣām iti prāptam | satyam evaṃ prāptam, etad eva ca na hi deha-bhṛtā śakyam ity atra darśayiṣyāmaḥ | sarva-śāstrārthopasaṃhāra-prakaraṇe ca samāsenaiva kaunteya niṣṭhā jñānasya yā parā ity atra viśeṣato darśayiṣyāmaḥ | alam iha bahu-prapañcanena, iti upasaṃhriyate

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idaṃ śarīram [Gītā 13.2] ity-ādi-ślokopadiṣṭasya kṣetrādhyāyārthasya saṃgraha-śloko 'yam upanyasyate tat kṣetraṃ yac cety ādi, vyācikhyāsitasya hy arthasya saṃgrahopanyāso nyāyya iti -
tat kṣetraṃ yac ca yādṛk ca yad-vikāri yataś ca yat |
sa ca yo yat-prabhāvaś ca tat samāsena me śṛṇu

yan nirdiṣṭam idaṃ śarīram iti tat tac-chabdena parāmṛśati | yac ca idaṃ nirdiṣṭaṃ kṣetraṃ tat yādṛk yādṛśaṃ svakīyair dharmaiḥ | ca-śabdaḥ samuccayārthaḥ | yad-vikāri yo vikāro yasya tat yad-vikāri, yato yasmāc ca yat, kāryam utpadyate iti vākya-śeṣaḥ | sa ca yaḥ kṣetrajño nirdiṣṭaḥ sa yat-prabhāvo ye prabhāvā upādhi-kṛtāḥ śaktayo yasya sa yat-prabhāvaś ca | tat kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor yāthātmyaṃ yathā-viśeṣitaṃ samāsena saṃkṣepeṇa me mama vākyataḥ śṛṇu | śrutvāvadhāraya ity arthaḥ

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tat kṣetra-kṣetrajña-yāthātmyaṃ vivakṣitaṃ stauti śrotṛ-buddhi-prarocanārtham -
ṛṣibhir bahudhā gītaṃ chandobhir vividhaiḥ pṛthak |
brahma-sūtra-padaiś caiva hetumadbhir viniścitaiḥ

ṛṣibhir vasiṣṭhādibhir bahudhā bahu-prakāraṃ gītaṃ kathitam | chandobhiś chandāṃsi ṛg-ādīni taiś chandobhir vividhair nānā-bhāvair nānā-prakāraiḥ pṛthag vivekato gītam | kiṃ ca, brahma-sūtra-padaiś caiva brahmaṇaḥ sūcakāni vākyāni brahma-sūtrāṇi taiḥ padyate gamyate jñāyata iti tāni padāny ucyante tair eva ca kṣetra-kṣetrajña-yāthātmyam gītam ity anuvartate | ātmety evopāsīta ity evam ādibhir brahma-sūtra-padair ātmā jñāyate | hetumadbhir yukti-yuktair viniścitair niḥsaṃśaya-rūpair niścita-pratyayotpādakair ity arthaḥ

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stutyābhimukhībhūtāyārjunāyāha bhagavān -
mahā-bhūtāny ahaṃkāro buddhir avyaktam eva ca |
indriyāṇi daśaikaṃ ca pañca cendriya-gocarāḥ

mahā-bhūtāni mahānti ca tāni sarva-vikāra-vyāpakatvād bhūtāni ca sūkṣmāṇi | sthūlāni tv indriya-gocara-śabdenābhidhāyiṣyante | ahaṃkāro mahā-bhūta-kāraṇam ahaṃ-pratyaya-lakṣaṇaḥ | ahaṃkāra-kāraṇaṃ buddhir adhyavasāya-lakṣaṇā | tat-kāraṇam avyaktam eva ca, na vyaktam avyaktam avyākṛtam īśvara-śaktir mama māyā duratyayā ity uktam | eva-śabdaḥ prakṛty-avadhāraṇārtha etāvaty evāṣṭadhā bhinnā prakṛtiḥ | ca-śabdo bheda-samuccayārthaḥ | indriyāṇi daśa, śrotrādīni pañca buddhy-utpādakatvād buddhīndriyāṇi | vāk-pāṇy-ādīni pañca karma-nirvartakatvāt karmendriyāṇi | tāni daśa | ekaṃ ca | kiṃ tat ? mana ekādaśaṃ saṃkalpādyātmakam | pañca cendriya-gocarāḥ śabdādayo viṣayāḥ | tāny etāni sāṃkhyāś catur-viṃśati-tattvāny ācakṣate

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athedānīṃ ātma-guṇāḥ iti yān ācakṣate vaiśeṣikās te 'pi kṣetra-dharmā eva, na tu kṣetrajñasyety āha bhagavān -
icchā dveṣaḥ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ saṃghātaś cetanā dhṛtiḥ |
etat kṣetraṃ samāsena sa-vikāram udāhṛtam

icchā yaj-jātīyaṃ sukha-hetum artham upalabdhavān pūrvam, punas taj-jātīyam upalabhamānas tam ādātum icchati sukha-hetur iti | seyaṃ icchāntaḥ-karaṇa-dharmo jñeyatvāt kṣetram | tathā dveṣaḥ, yaj-jātīyam arthaṃ duḥkha-hetutvenānubhūtavān, punas taj-jātīyam artham upalabhamānas taṃ dveṣṭi | so 'yaṃ dveṣo jñeyatvāt kṣetram eva | tathā sukham anukūlaṃ prasanna-sattvātmakaṃ jñeyatvāt kṣetram eva | duḥkhaṃ pratikūlātmakam | jñeyatvāt tad api kṣetram | saṃghāto dehendriyāṇāṃ saṃhatiḥ | tasyām abhivyaktāntaḥkaraṇa-vṛttiḥ, tapta iva loha-piṇḍe 'gniḥ | ātma-caitanyābhāsa-rasa-viddhā cetanā | sā ca kṣetraṃ jñeyatvāt | dhṛtir yayāvasāda-prāptāni dehendriyāṇi dhriyante | sā ca jñeyatvāt kṣetram | sarvāntaḥ-karaṇa-dharmopalakṣaṇārtham icchādi-grahaṇam | yata
uktam upasaṃharati - etad iti | etat kṣetraṃ samāsena sa-vikāraṃ saha vikāreṇa mahad-ādinā udāhṛtam uktam

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yasya kṣetra-bheda-jātasya saṃhatiḥ idaṃ śarīraṃ kṣetram [Gītā 13.2] ity uktam | tat kṣetraṃ vyākhyātaṃ mahā-bhūtādi-bheda-bhinnaṃ dhṛty-antam | kṣetrajño vakṣyamāṇa-viśeṣaṇaḥ - yasya sa-prabhāvasya kṣetrajñasya parijñānād amṛtatvaṃ bhavati, tam jñeyaṃ yat tat pravakṣyāmīty ādinā sa-viśeṣaṇaṃ svayam eva vakṣyati bhagavān | adhunā tu taj-jñāna-sādhana-gaṇam amānitvādi-lakṣaṇam, yasmin sati taj-jñeya-vijñāne yogyo 'dhikṛto bhavati, yat-paraḥ saṃnyāsī jñāna-niṣṭha ucyate, tam amānitvādi-gaṇaṃ jñāna-sādhanatvāj jñāna-śabda-vācyaṃ vidadhāti bhagavān -
amānitvam adambhitvam ahiṃsā kṣāntir ārjavam |
ācāryopāsanaṃ śaucaṃ sthairyam ātma-vinigrahaḥ

amānitvaṃ mānino bhāvaḥ mānitvam ātmano ślāghanam, tad-abhāvo 'mānitvam | adambhitvaṃ sva-dharma-prakaṭīkaraṇaṃ dambhitvam, tad-abhāvo 'dambhitvam | ahiṃsā hiṃsanaṃ prāṇinām apīḍānam | kṣāntiḥ parāparādha-prāptāv avikriyā | ārjavam ṛju-bhāvo 'vakratvam | ācāryopāsanaṃ mokṣa-sādhanopadeṣṭur ācāryasya śuśrūṣādi-prayogeṇa sevanam | śaucaṃ kāya-malānāṃ mṛj-jalābhyāṃ prakṣālanam | antaś ca manasaḥ pratipakṣa-bhāvanayā rāgādi-malānām apanayanaṃ śaucam | sthairyaṃ sthira-bhāvaḥ, mokṣa-mārga eva kṛtādhyavasāyatvam | ātma-vinigraha ātmano 'pakārakasya ātma-śabda-vācyasya kārya-karaṇa-saṃghātasya vinigrahaḥ svabhāvena sarvataḥ pravṛttasya san-mārga eva nirodha ātma-vinigrahaḥ

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kiṃ ca -
indriyārtheṣu vairāgyam anahaṃkāra eva ca |
janma-mṛtyu-jarā-vyādhi-duḥkha-doṣānudarśanam

indriyārtheṣu śabdādiṣu dṛṣṭādṛṣṭeṣu bhogeṣu virāga-bhāvo vairāgyam | anahaṃkāro 'haṃkārābhāva eva ca | janma-mṛtyu-jarā-vyādhi-duḥkha-doṣānudarśanaṃ janma ca mṛtyuś ca jarā ca vyādhayaś ca duḥkhāni ca teṣu janmādi-duḥkhānteṣu pratyekaṃ doṣānudarśanam | janmani garbha-vāsa-yoni-dvāra-niḥsaraṇaṃ doṣaḥ, tasyānudarśanam ālocanam | tathā mṛtyau doṣānudarśanam | tathā jarāyāṃ prajñā-śakti-tejo-nirodha-doṣānudarśanaṃ paribhūtatā ceti | tathā vyādhiṣu śiro-rogādiṣu doṣānudarśanam | tathā duḥkheṣu adhyātmādhibhūtādhidaiva-nimitteṣu | athavā duḥkhāny eva doṣo duḥkha-doṣas tasya janmādiṣu pūrvavad anudarśanam | duḥkhaṃ janma, duḥkhaṃ mṛtyuḥ, duḥkhaṃ jarā, duḥkhaṃ vyādhayaḥ | duḥkha-nimittatvāj
janmādayo duḥkham, na punaḥ svarūpeṇaiva duḥkham iti | evaṃ janmādiṣu duḥkha-doṣānudarśanād dehendriyādi-viṣaya-bhogeṣu vairāgyam upajāyate | tataḥ pratyag-ātmani pravṛttiḥ karaṇānām ātma-darśanāya | evaṃ jñāna-hetutvāj jñānam ucyate janmādi-duḥkha-doṣānudarśanam

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kiṃ ca -
asaktir anabhiṣvaṅgaḥ putra-dāra-gṛhādiṣu |
nityaṃ ca sama-cittatvam iṣṭāniṣṭopapattiṣu

asaktiḥ saktiḥ saṅga-nimitteṣu viṣayeṣu prīti-mātram, tad-abhāvo 'saktiḥ | anabhiṣvaṅgo 'bhiṣvaṅgābhāvaḥ | abhiṣvaṅgo nāma āsakti-viśeṣa evānanyātma-bhāvanā-lakṣaṇaḥ | yathānyasmin sukhini duḥkhini vāham eva sukhī, duḥkhī ca, jīvati mṛte vāham eva jīvāmi mariṣyāmi ceti | kva ? ity āha - putra-dāra-gṛhādiṣu | putreṣu dāreṣu gṛheṣv ādi-grahaṇād anyeṣv apy atyanteṣṭeṣu dāsa-vargādiṣu | tac cobhayaṃ jñānārthatvāj jñānam ucyate | nityaṃ ca sama-cittatvaṃ tulya-cittatā | kva ? iṣṭāniṣṭopapattiṣv iṣṭānām aniṣṭānāṃ copapattayaḥ saṃprāptayas tāsv iṣṭāniṣṭopapattiṣu nityam eva tulya-cittatā | iṣṭopapattiṣu na hṛṣyati, na kupyati cāniṣṭopapattiṣu | tac caitan nityaṃ sama-cittatvaṃ jñānam

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kiṃ ca -
mayi cānanya-yogena bhaktir avyabhicāriṇī |
vivikta-deśa-sevitvam aratir jana-saṃsadi

mayi ceśvare 'nanya-yogena apṛthak-samādhinā nānyo bhagavato vāsudevāt paro 'sti, ataḥ sa eva no gatir ity evaṃ niścitāvyabhicāriṇī buddhir ananya-yogaḥ, tena bhajanaṃ bhaktir na vyabhicaraṇa-śīlā avyabhicāriṇī | sā ca jñānam | vivikta-deśa-sevitvam | viviktaḥ svabhāvataḥ saṃskāreṇa vāśucy-ādibhiḥ sarpa-vyāghrādibhiś ca rahito 'raṇya-nadī-pulina-deva-gṛhādibhir vivikto deśaḥ, taṃ sevituṃ śīlam asyeti vivikta-deśa-sevī, tad-bhāvo vivikta-deśa-sevitvam | vivikteṣu hi deśeṣu cittaṃ prasīdati yatas tataḥ ātmādi-bhāvanā vivikta upajāyate | ato vivakta-deśa-sevitvaṃ jñānam ucyate | aratir aramaṇaṃ jana-saṃsadi | janānāṃ prākṛtānāṃ saṃskāra-śūnyānām avinītānāṃ saṃsat samavāyo jana-saṃsat | na saṃskāravatāṃ vinītānāṃ saṃsat | tasyā jñānopakārakatvāt | ataḥ
prākṛta-jana-saṃsady aratir jñānārthatvāj jñānam

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kiṃ ca -
adhyātma-jñāna-nityatvaṃ tattva-jñānārtha-darśanam |
etaj jñānam iti proktam ajñānaṃ yad ato 'nyathā

adhyātma-jñāna-nityatvam ātmādi-viṣayaṃ jñānam adhyātma-jñānam, tasmin nitya-bhāvo nityatvam | amānitvādīnāṃ jñāna-sādhanānāṃ bhāvanā-paripāka-nimittaṃ tattva-jñānam, tasyārtho mokṣaḥ saṃsāroparamaḥ | tasyālocanaṃ tattva-jñānārtha-darśanam | tattva-jñāna-phalālocane hi tat-sādhanānuṣṭhāne pravṛttiḥ syād iti | etad amānitvādi-tattva-jñānārtha-darśanāntam uktaṃ jñānam iti proktaṃ jñānārthatvāt | ajñānaṃ yad ato 'smād yathoktād anyathā viparyayeṇa | mānitvaṃ dambhitvaṃ hiṃsā kṣāntir anārjavam ity ādy ajñānaṃ vijñeyaṃ pariharaṇāya, saṃsāra-pravṛtti-kāraṇatvād iti

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yathoktena jñānena jñātavyaṃ kim ? ity ākāṅkṣāyām āha -
jñeyaṃ yat tat pravakṣyāmi yaj jñātvāmṛtam aśnute |
anādimat paraṃ brahma na sat tan nāsad ucyate

nanu yamāḥ niyamāś cāmānitvādayaḥ | na tair jñeyaṃ jñāyate | na hy amānitvādi kasyacit vastunaḥ paricchedakaṃ dṛṣṭam | sarvatraiva ca yad-viṣayaṃ jñānaṃ tad eva tasya jñeyasya paricchedakaṃ dṛśyate | na hy anya-viṣayeṇa jñānenānyad upalabhyate, yathā ghaṭa-viṣayeṇa jñānenāgniḥ | naiṣa doṣaḥ | jñāna-nimittatvāj jñānam ucyata iti hy avocāma | jñāna-sahakāri-kāraṇatvāc ca | jñeyaṃ jñātavyaṃ yat tat pravakṣyāmi prakarṣeṇa yathāvat vakṣyāmi | kiṃ-phalaṃ tat ? iti prarocanena śrotur abhimukhīkaraṇāyāha - yaj jñeyaṃ jñātvāmṛtam amṛtatvam aśnute, na punar mriyata ity arthaḥ | anādimat ādir asyāstīti ādimat, nādimad anādimat | kiṃ tat ? paraṃ niratiśayaṃ brahma, jñeyam iti prakṛtam |
atra kecit anādi mat-param iti padaṃ chindanti, bahu-vrīhiṇokte 'rthe matupa ānarthakyam aniṣṭaṃ syād iti | artha-viśeṣaṃ ca darśayanti - ahaṃ vāsudevākhyā parā śaktir yasya tan mat-param iti | satyam evam apunar-uktaṃ syāt | arthaś cet saṃbhavati | na tv arthaḥ saṃbhavati, brahmaṇaḥ sarva-viśeṣa-pratiṣedhenaiva vijijñāpayiṣitvān na sat tan nāsad ucyate iti | viśiṣṭa-śaktimattva-pradarśanaṃ viśeṣa-pratiṣedhaś ceti vipratiṣiddham | tasmāt matupo bahu-vrīhiṇā samānārthatve 'pi prayogo śloka-pūraṇārthaḥ | amṛtatva-phalaṃ jñeyaṃ mayocyata iti prarocanenābhimukhīkṛtyāha - na sat taj jñeyam ucyate iti nāpy asat tad ucyate ||
nanu mahatā parikara-bandhena kaṇṭha-raveṇodghuṣya jñeyaṃ pravakṣyāmīti, ananurūpam uktaṃ na sat tan nāsad ucyata iti | na, anurūpam evoktam | katham ? sarvāsu hy upaniṣatsu jñeyaṃ brahma neti neti [BAU 2.3.6] asthūlam anaṇu [BAU 3.8.8] ity ādi-viśeṣa-pratiṣedhenaiva nirdiśyate, nedaṃ tad iti vāco 'gocatvāt ||
nanu na tad asti, yad vastv asti-śabdena nocyate | athāsti-śabdena nocyate, nāsti taj jñeyam | vipratiṣiddhaṃ ca - jñeyaṃ tad asti-śabdena nocyate iti ca | na tāvan nāsti, nāsti-buddhy-aviṣayatvāt ||
nanu sarvā buddhayo 'sti-nāsti-buddhy-anugatā eva | tatraivaṃ sati jñeyam apy asti-buddhy-anugata-pratyaya-viṣayaṃ vā syāt, nāsti-buddhy-anugata-pratyaya-viṣayaṃ vā syāt | na, atīndriyatvenobhaya-buddhy-anugata-pratyayāviṣayatvāt | yad dhīndriya-gamyaṃ vastu ghaṭādikam, tad asti-buddhy-anugata-pratyaya-viṣayaṃ vā syāt, nāsti-buddhy-anugata-pratyaya-viṣayaṃ vā syāt | idaṃ tu jñeyam atīndriyatvena śabdaika-pramāṇa-gamyatvān na ghaṭādivad ubhaya-buddhy-anugata-pratyaya-viṣayam ity ato na sat tan nāsad ity ucyate ||
yat tūktam - viruddham ucyate, jñeyaṃ tan na sat tan nāsad ucyata iti | na viruddham, anyad eva tad-viditād atho aviditād adhi [KenaU 1.3] iti śruteḥ | śrutir api viruddhārthā iti cet - yathā yajñāya śālām ārabhya yajñam ko hi tad veda yady amuṣmin loke 'sti vā na veti [TaittS 6.1.1] ity evam iti cet, na | viditāviditābhyām anyatva-śruter avaśya-vijñeyārtha-pratipādana-paratvāt yady amuṣmin ity ādi tu vidhi-śeṣo 'rtha-vādaḥ | upapatteś ca sad-asad-ādi-śabdair brahma nocyata iti |
sarvo hi śabdo 'rtha-prakāśanāya prayuktaḥ śrūyamāṇaś ca śrotṛbhir jāti-kriyā-guṇa-saṃbandha-dvāreṇa saṃketa-grahaṇa-sa-vyapekṣārthaṃ pratyāyayati | nānyathā, adṛṣṭatvāt | tad yathā - gaur aśva iti vā jātitaḥ, pacati paṭhatīti vā kriyātaḥ, śuklaḥ kṛṣṇa iti vā guṇataḥ, dhanī gomān iti vā saṃbandhataḥ | na tu brahma jātimat, ato na sad-ādi-śabda-vācyam | nāpi guṇavat, yena guṇa-śabdenocyeta, nirguṇatvāt | nāpi kriyā-śabda-vācyaṃ niṣkriyatvān niṣkalaṃ niṣkriyaṃ śāntam [ŚvetU 6.19] iti śruteḥ | na ca saṃbandhī, ekatvāt | advayatvād aviṣayatvād ātmatvāc ca na kenacit, śabdenocyata iti yuktam | yato vāco nivartante [TaittU 2.9] ity ādi-śrutibhiś ca

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sac-chabda-pratyayāviṣayatvād asattvāśaṅkāyāṃ jñeyasya sarva-prāṇi-karaṇopādhi-dvāreṇa tad-astitvaṃ pratipādayan tad-āśaṅkā-nivṛtty-artham āha -
sarvataḥ pāṇi-pādaṃ tat sarvato 'kṣi-śiro-mukham |
sarvataḥ śrutimal loke sarvam āvṛtya tiṣṭhati

sarvataḥ pāṇi-pādaṃ sarvataḥ pāṇayaḥ pādāś cāsyeti sarvataḥ pāṇi-pādaṃ taj jñeyam | sarva-prāṇi-karaṇopādhibhiḥ kṣetrajñasyāstitvaṃ vibhāvyate | kṣetrajñaś ca kṣetropādhita ucyate | kṣetraṃ ca pāṇi-pādādibhir anekadhā bhinnam | kṣetropādhi-bheda-kṛtaṃ viśeṣa-jātaṃ mithyaiva kṣetrajñasya, iti tad-apanayanena jñeyatvam uktam na sat tan nāsad ucyate iti | upādhi-kṛtaṃ mithyā-rūpam apy astitvādhigamāya jñeya-dharmavat parikalpya ucyate sarvataḥ pāṇi-pādam ity ādi | tathā hi saṃpradāya-vidāṃ vacanam - adhyāropāpavādābhyāṃ niṣprapañcaṃ prapañcyate iti | sarvatra sarva-dehāvayavatvena gamyamānāḥ pāṇi-pādādayo jñeya-śakti-sad-bhāva-nimitta-svakāryā iti jñeya-sad-bhāve liṅgāni jñeyasyeti upacārata ucyante | tathā vyākhyeyam anyat | sarvataḥ pāṇi-pādaṃ taj
jñeyam | sarvato 'kṣi-śiro-mukhaṃ sarvato 'kṣīṇi śirāṃsi mukhāni ca yasya tat sarvato 'kṣi-śiro-mukham | sarvataḥ śrutimat | śrutiḥ śravaṇendriyam, tat yasya tat śrutimat | loke prāṇi-nikāye | sarvam āvṛtya saṃvyāpya tiṣṭhati sthitiṃ labhate

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upādhibhūta-pāṇi-pādādīndriyādhyāropaṇāj jñeyasya tadvattāśaṅkā mā bhūd ity evam arthaḥ ślokārambhaḥ -
sarvendriya-guṇābhāsaṃ sarvendriya-vivarjitam |
asaktaṃ sarva-bhṛc caiva nirguṇaṃ guṇa-bhoktṛ ca

sarvendriya-guṇābhāsaṃ sarvāṇi ca tānīndriyāṇi śrotrādīni buddhīndriya-karmendriyākhyāni, antaḥ-karaṇe ca buddhi-manasī, jñeyopādhitvasya tulyatvāt, sarvendriya-grahaṇena gṛhyante | api ca, antaḥ-karaṇopādhi-dvāreṇaiva śrotrādīnām api upādhitvam ity ato 'ntaḥ-karaṇa-bahiṣkaraṇopādhi-bhūtaiḥ sarvendriya-guṇair adhyavasāya-saṃkalpa-śravaṇa-vacanādibhir avabhāsate iti sarvendriya-guṇābhāsaṃ sarvendriya-vyāpārair vyāpṛtam iva taj jñeyam ity arthaḥ | dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva [BAU 4.3.7] iti śruteḥ |
kasmāt punaḥ kāraṇān na vyāpṛtam eveti gṛhyata ity ataḥ āha - sarvendriya-vivarjitam, sarva-karaṇa-rahitam ity arthaḥ | ato na karaṇa-vyāpāraiḥ vyāpṛtaṃ taj jñeyam | yas tv ayaṃ mantraḥ - apāṇi-pādo javano grahītā paśyaty acakṣuḥ sa sṛṇoty akarṇaḥ [ŚvetU 3.19] ity ādiḥ | sa sarvendriyopādhi-guṇānuguṇya-bhajana-śaktimat taj jñeyam ity evaṃ pradarśanārthaḥ, na tu sākṣād eva javanādi-kriyāvattva-pradarśanārthaḥ | andho maṇim avindad [TaittĀ 1.11] ity ādi-mantrārthavat tasya mantrasyārthaḥ | yasmāt sarva-karaṇa-varjitaṃ jñeyam, tasmād asaktaṃ sarva-saṃśleṣavarjitam | yadyapy evam, tathāpi sarva-bhṛc caiva | sad-āspadaṃ hi sarvaṃ sarvatra sad-buddhy-anugamāt | na hi mṛgatṛṣṇikādayo 'pi nirāspadā bhavanti | ataḥ sarva-bhṛt sarvaṃ bibhartīti | syād idaṃ cānyaj jñeyasya sattvādhigama-dvāram -
nirguṇaṃ sattva-rajas-tamāṃsi guṇās tair varjitaṃ taj jñeyam, tathāpi guṇa-bhoktṛ ca guṇānāṃ sattva-rajas-tamasāṃ śabdādi-dvāreṇa sukha-duḥkha-mohākāra-pariṇatānāṃ bhoktṛ copalabdhṛ ca taj jñeyam ity arthaḥ

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kiṃ ca -
bahir antaś ca bhūtānām acaraṃ caram eva ca |
sūkṣmatvāt tad avijñeyaṃ dūra-sthaṃ cāntike ca tat

bahis tvak-paryantaṃ deham ātmatvenāvidyā-kalpitam apekṣya tam evāvavadhiṃ kṛtvā bahir ucyate | tathā pratyag-ātmānam apekṣya deham evāvadhiṃ kṛtvā antar ucyate | bahir antaś cety ukte madhye 'bhāve prāpte, idam ucyate - acaraṃ caram eva ca, yac carācaraṃ dehābhāsam api tad eva jñeyaṃ, yathā rajju-sarpābhāsaḥ |
yady acaraṃ caram eva ca syāt vyavahāra-viṣayaṃ sarvaṃ jñeyam, kim-artham idam iti sarvair na vijñeyam ? ity ucyate - satyaṃ sarvābhāsaṃ tat | tathāpi vyomavat sūkṣmam | ataḥ sūkṣmatvāt svena rūpeṇa taj jñeyam apy avijñeyam aviduṣām | viduṣāṃ tu, ātmaivedaṃ sarvam [BAU 7.25.2] brahmaivedaṃ sarvam [BAU 2.5.1] ity ādi-pramāṇato nityaṃ vijñātam | avijñātatayā dūra-sthaṃ varṣa-sahasra-koṭyāpy aviduṣām aprāpyatvāt | antike ca tat, ātmatvād viduṣām

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kiṃ ca -
avibhaktaṃ ca bhūteṣu vibhaktam iva ca sthitam |
bhūta-bhartṛ ca taj jñeyaṃ grasiṣṇu prabhaviṣṇu ca

avibhaktaṃ ca pratidehaṃ vyomavat tad ekam | bhūteṣu sarva-prāṇiṣu vibhaktam iva ca sthitaṃ deheṣv eva vibhāvyamānatvāt | bhūta-bhartṛ ca bhūtāni bibharti taj jñeyaṃ bhūta-bhartṛ ca sthiti-kāle | pralaya-kāle grasiṣṇu grasana-śīlam | utpatti-kāle prabhaviṣṇu ca prabhavana-śīlaṃ yathā rajjvādiḥ sarpāder mithyā-kalpitasya

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kiṃ ca, sarvatra vidyamānam api san nopalabhyate cet, jñeyaṃ tamas tarhi ? na | kiṃ tarhi ? -
jyotiṣām api taj jyotis tamasaḥ param ucyate |
jñānaṃ jñeyaṃ jñāna-gamyaṃ hṛdi sarvasya viṣṭhitam

jyotiṣām ādity-ādīnām api taj jñeyaṃ jyotiḥ | ātma-caitanya-jyotiṣeddhāni hy ādity-ādīni jyotīṃṣi dīpyante, yena sūryas tapati tejaseddhaḥ [TaittBr 3.12.9], tasya bhāsā sarvam idaṃ vibhāti [ŚvetU 6.14] īty ādi-śrutibhyaḥ | smṛte ca ihaiva - yad āditya-gataṃ tejaḥ [Gītā 15.12] ity ādeḥ | tamaso 'jñānāt param aspṛṣṭam ucyate | jñānāder duḥsaṃpādana-buddhyā prāptāvasādasyottambhanārtham āha - jñānam amānitvādi | jñeyam jñeyaṃ yat tat pravakṣyāmīty [Gītā 13.13] ādinoktam | jñāna-gamyam jñeyam eva jñātaṃ saj jñāna-phalam iti jñāna-gamyam ucyate | jñāyamānaṃ tu jñeyam | tad etat trayam api hṛdi buddhau sarvasya prāṇi-jātasya viṣṭhitaṃ viśeṣeṇa sthitam | tatraiva hi trayaṃ vibhāvyate

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yathoktārthopasaṃhārārtho 'yaṃ śloka ārabhyate -
iti kṣetraṃ tathā jñānaṃ jñeyaṃ coktaṃ samāsataḥ |
mad-bhakta etad vijñāya mad-bhāvāyopapadyate

ity evaṃ kṣetraṃ mahā-bhūtādi-dhṛty-antaṃ, tathā jñānam amānitvādi tattva-jñānārtha-darśana-paryantaṃ, jñeyaṃ ca jñeyaṃ yat tat ity ādi tamasaḥ param ucyate ity evam antam uktaṃ samāsataḥ saṃkṣepataḥ | etāvān sarvo hi vedārtho gītārthaś copasaṃhṛtyoktaḥ | asmin samyag-darśane ko 'dhikriyate ? ity ucyate - mad-bhakto mayīśvare sarvajñe parama-gurau vāsudeve samarpita-sarvātma-bhāvo yat paśyati śṛṇoti spṛśati vā sarvam eva bhagavān vāsudevaḥ ity evaṃ-grahāviṣṭa-buddhir mad-bhaktaḥ sa etad yathoktaṃ samyag darśanaṃ vijñāya, mad-bhāvāya mama bhāvo mad-bhāvaḥ paramātma-bhāvas tasmai mad-bhāvāya upapadyate, mokṣaṃ gacchati

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tatra saptame īśvarasya dve prakṛtī upanyaste parāpare kṣetra-kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇe | etad-yonīni bhūtāni [Gītā 7.7] iti coktam | kṣetra-kṣetrajña-prakṛti-dvaya-yonitvaṃ kathaṃ bhūtānām ity ayam artho 'dhunocyate -
prakṛtiṃ puruṣaṃ caiva viddhy anādī ubhāv api |
vikārāṃś ca guṇāṃś caiva viddhi prakṛti-saṃbhavān

prakṛtiṃ puruṣaṃ caiva īśvarasya prakṛtī | tau prakṛti-puruṣau ubhāv apy anādi viddhi, na vidyate ādir yayos tau anādī | nityeśvaratvād īśvarasya tat-prakṛtyor api yuktaṃ nityatvena bhavitum | prakṛti-dvayavattvam eva hīśvarasyeśvaratvam | yābhyāṃ prakṛtibhyām īśvaro jagad-utpatti-sthiti-pralaya-hetus te dve 'nādī satyau saṃsārasya kāraṇam ||
nādī anādī iti tat-puruṣa-samāsaṃ kecit varṇayanti | tena hi kileśvarasya kāraṇatvaṃ sidhyati | yadi punaḥ prakṛti-puruṣāv eva nityau syātāṃ tat-kṛtam eva jagat, neśvarasya jagataḥ kartṛtvam | tad asat | prāk prakṛti-puruṣayor utpatter īśitavyābhāvād īśvarasyānīśvaratva-prasaṅgāt, saṃsārasya nirnimittatve 'nirmokṣa-prasaṅgāt śāstrānarthakya-prasaṅgād bandha-mokṣābhāva-prasaṅgāc ca | nityatve punar īśvarasya prakṛtyoḥ sarvam etad upapannaṃ bhavet | katham ? vikārāṃś ca guṇāṃś caiva | vakṣyamāṇān vikārān buddhy-ādi-dehendriyāntān guṇāṃś ca sukha-duḥkha-moha-pratyayākāra-pariṇatān viddhi jānīhi prakṛti-saṃbhavān | prakṛtir īśvarasya vikāra-kāraṇa-śaktis triguṇātmikā māyā | sā saṃbhavo yeṣāṃ vikārāṇāṃ guṇānāṃ ca tān vikārān
guṇāṃś ca viddhi prakṛti-saṃbhavān prakṛti-pariṇāmān

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ke punas te vikārāḥ guṇāś ca prakṛti-saṃbhavāḥ ? ity āha --
kārya-karaṇa-kartṛtve hetuḥ prakṛtir ucyate |
puruṣaḥ sukha-duḥkhānāṃ bhoktṛtve hetur ucyate

kārya-karaṇa-kartṛtve - kāryaṃ śarīraṃ karaṇāni tat-sthāni trayodaśa | dehasyārambhakāṇi bhūtāni pañca viṣayāś ca prakṛti-saṃbhavāḥ vikārāḥ pūrvoktā iha kārya-grahaṇena gṛhyante | guṇāś ca prakṛti-saṃbhavāḥ sukha-duḥkha-mohātmakāḥ karaṇāśrayatvāt karaṇa-grahaṇena gṛhyante | teṣāṃ kārya-karaṇānāṃ kartṛtvam utpādakatvaṃ yat tat kārya-karaṇa-kartṛtvaṃ tasmin kārya-karaṇa-kartṛtve hetuḥ kāraṇam ārambhakatvena prakṛtir ucyate | evaṃ kārya-karaṇa-kartṛtvena saṃsārasya kāraṇaṃ prakṛtiḥ |
kārya-kāraṇa-kartṛtve ity asminn api pāṭhe, kāryaṃ yat yasya pariṇāmas tat tasya kāryaṃ vikāro vikāri kāraṇaṃ tayor vikāra-vikāriṇoḥ kārya-kāraṇayoḥ kartṛtve iti | athavā, ṣoḍāśa vikārāḥ kāryaṃ sapta prakṛti-vikṛtayaḥ kāraṇam tāny eva kārya-kāraṇāny ucyante teṣāṃ kartṛtve hetuḥ prakṛtir ucyate, ārambhakatvenaiva |
puruṣaś ca saṃsārasya kāraṇaṃ yathā syāt tad ucyate - puruṣo jīvaḥ kṣetrajño bhoktā iti paryāyaḥ, sukha-duḥkhānāṃ bhogyānāṃ bhoktṛtve upalabdhṛtve hetur ucyate | kathaṃ punar anena kārya-karaṇa-kartṛtvena sukha-duḥkha-bhoktṛtvena ca prakṛti-puruṣayoḥ saṃsāra-kāraṇatvam ucyate ? ity atrocyate - kārya-karaṇa-sukha-duḥkha-rūpeṇa hetu-phalātmanā prakṛteḥ pariṇāmābhāve, puruṣasya ca cetanasyāsati tad-upalabdhṛtve, kutaḥ saṃsāraḥ syāt ? yadā punaḥ kārya-karaṇa-sukha-duḥkha-svarūpeṇa hetu-phalātmanā pariṇatayā prakṛtyā bhogyayā puruṣasya tad-viparītasya bhoktṛtvenāvidyā-rūpaḥ saṃyogaḥ syāt, tadā saṃsāraḥ syād iti | ato yat prakṛti-puruṣayoḥ kārya-karaṇa-kartṛtvena sukha-duḥkha-bhoktṛtvena ca saṃsāra-kāraṇatvam uktam, tad
yuktam | kaḥ punar ayaṃ saṃsāro nāma ? sukha-duḥkha-saṃbhogaḥ saṃsāraḥ | puruṣasya ca sukha-duḥkhānāṃ saṃbhoktṛtvaṃ saṃsāritvam iti

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yat puruṣasya sukha-duḥkhānāṃ bhoktṛtvaṃ saṃsāritvam ity uktaṃ tasya tat kiṃ-nimittam ity ucyate -
puruṣaḥ prakṛti-stho hi bhuṅkte prakṛtijān guṇān |
kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅgo 'sya sad-asad-yoni-janmasu

puruṣo bhoktā prakṛti-sthaḥ | prakṛtāv avidyā-lakṣaṇāyāṃ kārya-karaṇa-rūpeṇa pariṇatāyāṃ sthitaḥ prakṛti-sthaḥ | prakṛtim ātmatvena gataḥ ity etat | hi yasmāt | tasmād bhuṅkte upalabhata ity arthaḥ | prakṛtijān prakṛtito jātān sukha-duḥkha-mohākārābhivyaktān guṇān sukhī, duḥkhī, mūḍhaḥ, paṇḍito 'ham ity evam | satyām apy avidyāyāṃ sukha-duḥkha-moheṣu guṇeṣu bhujyamāneṣu yaḥ saṅga ātma-bhāvaḥ saṃsārasya sa pradhānaṃ kāraṇaṃ yasya puruṣasya janmanaḥ | sa yathā-kāmo bhavati tat kratur bhavati [BAU 4.4.5] ity ādi śruteḥ | tad etad āha - kāraṇaṃ hetur guṇa-saṅgo guṇeṣu saṅgo 'sya puruṣasya bhoktuḥ sad-asad-yoni-janmasu | satyaś cāsatyaś ca yonayaḥ sad-asad-yonayas tāsu sad-asad-yonuṣu janmāni sad-asad-yoni-janmāni, teṣu sad-asad-yoni-janmaṣu
viṣaya-bhūteṣu kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅgaḥ | athavā, sad-asad-yoni-janmasu asya saṃsārasya kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅga iti saṃsāra-pada-madhyāhāryam | sad-yonayo devādi-yonayaḥ | asad-yonayaḥ paśvādi-yonayaḥ | sāmarthyāt sad-asad-yonayaḥ manuṣya-yonayo 'py aviruddhāḥ draṣṭāvyāḥ ||
etad uktaṃ bhavati - prakṛti-sthatvākhyāvidyā guṇeṣu ca saṅgaḥ kāmaḥ saṃsārasya kāraṇam iti | tac ca parivarjanāya ucyate | asya ca nivṛtti-kāraṇaṃ jñāna-vairāgye sa-saṃnyāse gītā-śāstre prasiddham | tac ca jñānaṃ purastād upanyastaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-viṣayam yaj jñātvāmṛtam aśnute [Gītā 12.13] iti | uktaṃ cānyāpohenātad-dharmādhyāropeṇa ca

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tasyaiva punaḥ sākṣān nirdeśaḥ kriyate -
upadraṣṭānumantā ca bhartā bhoktā maheśvaraḥ |
paramātmeti cāpy ukto dehe 'smin puruṣaḥ paraḥ

upadraṣṭā samīpa-sthaḥ san draṣṭā svayam avyāpṛtaḥ | yathā ṛtvig-yajamāneṣu yajña-karma-vyāpṛteṣu taṭastho 'nyo 'vyāpṛto yajña-vidyā-kuśalaḥ ṛtvig-yajamāna-vyāpāra-guṇa-doṣāṇām īkṣitā, tadvac ca kārya-karaṇa-vyāpāreṣu sa-vyāpārāṇāṃ sāmīpyena draṣṭā upadraṣṭā | athavā, deha-cakṣur-mano-buddhy-ātmāno draṣṭāraḥ | teṣāṃ bāhyo draṣṭā dehaḥ | tata ārabhyāntaratamaś ca pratyak samīpe ātmā draṣṭā, yataḥ paro 'ntaratamo nāsti draṣṭā | so 'tiśaya-sāmīpyena draṣṭṛtvād upadraṣṭā syāt | yajñopadraṣṭṛavad vā sarva-viṣayī-karaṇād upadraṣṭā | anumantā ca | anumodanam anumananaṃ kurvatsu tat-kriyāsu paritoṣas tat-kartānumantā ca | athavā, anumantā kārya-karaṇa-pravṛttiṣu svayam apravṛtto 'pi pravṛtta
iva tad-anukūlo vibhāvyate, tenānumantā | athavā, pravṛttān sva-vyāpāreṣu tat-sākṣi-bhūtaḥ kadācid api na nivārayatīty anumantā |
bhartā| bharaṇaṃ nāma dehendriya-mano-buddhīnāṃ saṃhatānāṃ caitanyātma-pārārthyena nimitta-bhūtena caitanyābhāsānāṃ yat svarūpa-dhāraṇam, tac caitanyātma-kṛtam eveti bhartā ātmety ucyate | bhoktā | agny-uṣṇavan nitya-caitanya-svarūpeṇa buddheḥ sukha-duḥkha-mohātmakāḥ pratyayāḥ sarva-viṣaya-viṣayāś caitanyātma-grastā iva jāyamānā vibhaktā vibhāvyante iti bhoktā ātmocyate | maheśvaraḥ | sarvātmatvāt svatantratvāc ca mahān īśvaraś ceti maheśvaraḥ | paramātmā | dehādīnāṃ buddhy-antānāṃ pratyag-ātmatvena kalpitānām avidyayā parama upadraṣṭṛtvādi-lakṣaṇa ātmeti paramātmā | so 'ntaḥ paramātmā ity anena śabdena cāpy uktaḥ kathitaḥ śrutau | kvāsau ? asmin dehe puruṣaḥ paro 'vyaktāt | uttamaḥ puruṣas tv anyaḥ paramātmety udāhṛtaḥ
[Gītā 13.3] iti yo vakṣyamāṇaḥ kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi māṃ viddhi [Gītā 13.2] iti upanyasto vyākhyāyopasaṃhṛtaś ca

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tam etaṃ yathokta-lakṣaṇam ātmānam -
ya evaṃ vetti puruṣaṃ prakṛtiṃ ca guṇaiḥ saha |
sarvathā vartamāno 'pi na sa bhūyo 'bhijāyate

ya evaṃ yathokta-prakāreṇa vetti puruṣaṃ sākṣād ātma-bhāvena "ayam aham asmi" iti prakṛtiṃ ca yathoktām avidyā-lakṣaṇāṃ guṇaiḥ sva-vikāraiḥ saha nivartitām abhāvam āpāditāṃ vidyayā, sarvathā sarva-prakāreṇa vartamāno 'pi sa bhūyaḥ punaḥ patite 'smin vidvac-charīre dehāntarāya nābhijāyate notpadyate, dehāntaraṃ na gṛhṇātīty arthaḥ | api-śabdāt kim u vaktavyaṃ ? sva-vṛtta-stho na jāyate ity abhiprāyaḥ ||
nanu, yady api jñānotpatty-anantaraṃ punar-janmābhāva uktaḥ, tathāpi prāg jñānotpatteḥ kṛtānāṃ karmaṇām uttara-kāla-bhāvināṃ ca yāni cātikrāntāneka-janma-kṛtāni teṣāṃ ca phalam adattvā nāśo na yukta iti | syus trīṇi janmāni kṛta-vipraṇāśo hi na yukta iti, yathā phale pravṛttānām ārabdha-janmanāṃ karmaṇām | na ca karmaṇāṃ viśeṣo 'vagamyate | tasmāt tri-prakārāṇy api karmāṇi trīṇi janmāny ārabheran | saṃhatāni vā sarvāṇy ekaṃ janmārabheran | anyathā kṛta-vināśe sati sarvatrānāśvāsa-prasaṅgaḥ, śāstrānarthakyaṃ ca syāt | ity ataḥ idam ayuktam uktam na sa bhūyo 'bhijāyate iti | na | kṣīyante cāsya karmāṇi [MuṇḍU 2.2.8], brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati [MuṇḍU 3.2.9], tasya tāvad eva ciram [ChāU 6.14.2], iṣīkā-tūlavat sarvāṇi karmāṇi pradūyante [ChāU
5.24.3] ity ādi-śruti-śatebhya ukto viduṣaḥ sarva-karma-dāhaḥ |
ihāpi cokto yathaidhāṃsi [Gītā 4.37] ity ādinā sarva-karma-dāhaḥ | vakṣyati copapatteś ca | avidyā-kāma-kleśa-bīja-nimittāni hi karmāṇi janmāntarāṅkuram ārabhante | ihāpi ca sāhaṃkārābhisaṃdhīni karmāṇi phalārambhakāṇi, netarāṇīti tatra tatra bhagavatoktam |
bījāny agny-upadagdhāni na rohanti yathā punaḥ |
jñāna-dagdhais tathā kleśair nātmā saṃpadyate punaḥ [Mbh 3.200.10] iti ca |
astu tāvaj jñānotpatty-uttara-kāla-kṛtānāṃ karmaṇāṃ jñānena dāhaḥ, jñāna-saha-bhāvitvāt | na tv iha janmani jñānotpatteḥ prāk kṛtānāṃ karmaṇām atīta-janma-kṛtānāṃ ca dāho yuktaḥ | na | sarva-karmāṇīti viśeṣaṇāt | jñānottara-kāla-bhāvinām eva sarva-karmaṇām iti cet, na | saṃkoce kāraṇānupapatteḥ | yat tūktam yathā vartamāna-janmārambhakāṇi karmāṇi na kṣīyante phala-dānāya pravṛttāny eva saty api jñāne, tathānārabdha-phalānām api karmaṇāṃ kṣayo na yukta iti, tad asat | katham ? teṣāṃ mukteṣuvat pravṛtta-phalatvāt | yathā pūrvaṃ lakṣya-vedhāya mukta iṣuḥ dhanuṣo lakṣya-vedhottara-kālam api ārabdha-vega-kṣayāt patanenaiva nivartate, evaṃ śarīrārambhakaṃ karma śarīra-sthiti-prayojane nivṛtte 'pi, ā saṃskāra-vega-kṣayāt pūrvavat vartata
eva | yathā sa eva iṣuḥ pravṛtti-nimittānārabdha-vegas tv amukto dhanuṣi prayukto 'pi upasaṃhriyate, tathānārabdha-phalāni karmāṇi svāśraya-sthāny eva jñānena nirbījī-kriyanta iti | patite 'smin vidvac-charīre na sa bhūyo 'bhijāyate iti yuktam evoktam iti siddham

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atrātma-darśane upāya-vikalpā ime dhyānādaya ucyante -
dhyānenātmani paśyanti kecid ātmānam ātmanā |
anye sāṃkhyena yogena karma-yogena cāpare

dhyānena | dhyānaṃ nāma śabdādibhyo viṣayebhyaḥ śrotrādīni karaṇāni manasy upasaṃhṛtya, manaś ca pratyak-cetanayitari, ekāgratayā yac cintanaṃ tad dhyānam | tathā, dhyāyatīva bakaḥ, dhyāyatīva pṛthivī, dhyāyantīva parvatāḥ [ChāU 7.6.1] iti upamopādānāt | taila-dhārāvat saṃtato 'vicchinna-pratyayo dhyānam | tena dhyānena ātmani buddhau paśyanty ātmānaṃ pratyak-cetanam ātmanā svenaiva pratyak-cetanena dhyāna-saṃskṛtenāntaḥ-karaṇena kecid yoginaḥ | anye sāṃkhyena yogena | sāṃkhyaṃ nāma ime sattva-rajas-tamāṃsi guṇā mayā dṛśyā ahaṃ tebhyo 'nyas tad-vyāpāra-sākṣi-bhūto nityo guṇa-vilakṣaṇa ātmeti cintanam eṣa sāṃkhyo yogaḥ | tena paśyanti ātmānam ātmanety anuvartate | karma-yogena | karmaiva yogaḥ | īśvarārpaṇa-buddhyānuṣṭhīyamānaṃ ghaṭana-rūpaṃ
yogārthatvād yoga ucyate guṇataḥ | tena sattva-śuddhi-jñānotpatti-dvāreṇa cāpare

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anye tv evam ajānantaḥ śrutvānyebhya upāsate |
te 'pi cātitaranty eva mṛtyuṃ śruti-parāyaṇāḥ

anye tv eṣu vikalpeṣu anyatamenāpy evaṃ yathoktam ātmānam ajānanto 'nyebhyaḥ ācāryebhyaḥ śrutvā "idam eva cintayata" ity uktā upāsate śraddadhānāḥ santaś cintayanti | te 'pi cātitaranty eva atikrāmanty eva mṛtyum mṛtyu-yuktaṃ saṃsāram ity etat | śruti-parāyaṇāḥ śrutiḥ śravaṇaṃ param ayanaṃ gamanaṃ mokṣa-mārga-pravṛttau paraṃ sādhanaṃ yeṣāṃ te śruti-parāyaṇāḥ | kevala-paropadeśa-pramāṇāḥ svayaṃ viveka-rahitā ity abhiprāyaḥ | kim u vaktavyam pramāṇaṃ prati svatantrā vivekino mṛtyum atitarantīty abhiprāyaḥ

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kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi māṃ viddhi [Gītā 13.3] iti kṣetrajñeśvarakatva-viṣayaṃ jñānaṃ mokṣa-sādhanaṃ, yaj jñātvāmṛtam aśnute [Gītā 13.13] ity uktam | tat kasmāt hetoḥ ? iti tad-dhetu-pradarśanārthaṃ śloka ārabhyate -
yāvat saṃjāyate kiṃcit sattvaṃ sthāvara-jaṅgamam |
kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogāt tad viddhi bharatarṣabha

yāvat yat kiṃcit saṃjāyate samutpadyate sattvaṃ vastu | kim aviśeṣeṇa ? nety āha - sthāvara-jaṅgamaṃ sthāvaraṃ jaṅgamaṃ ca kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogāt taj jāyate ity evaṃ viddhi jānīhi bharatarṣabha |
kaḥ punar ayaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajñayoḥ saṃyogo 'bhipretaḥ ? na tāvat rajjveva ghaṭasyāvayava-saṃśleṣa-dvārakaḥ saṃbandha-viśeṣaḥ saṃyogaḥ kṣetreṇa kṣetrajñasya saṃbhavati, ākāśavat niravayavatvāt | nāpi samavāya-lakṣaṇas tantu-paṭayor iva kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor itaretara-kārya-kāraṇa-bhāvānabhyupagamāt | ity ucyate - kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor viṣaya-viṣayiṇor bhinna-svabhāvayor itaretara-tad-dharmādhyāsa-lakṣaṇaḥ saṃyogaḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-svarūpa-vivekā-bhāva-nibandhanaḥ, rajju-śuktikādīnāṃ tad-viveka-jñānābhāvād adhyāropita-sarpa-rajatādi-saṃyogavat | so 'yam adhyāsa-svarūpaḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogo mithyā-jñāna-lakṣaṇaḥ | yathā-śāstraṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇa-bheda-parijñāna-pūrvakaṃ prāk darśita-rūpāt kṣetrān muñjād iveṣīkāṃ
yathokta-lakṣaṇaṃ kṣetrajñaṃ pravibhajya na sat tan nāsad ucyate [Gītā 13.13] ity anena nirasta-sarvopādhi-viśeṣaṃ jñeyaṃ brahma-svarūpeṇa yaḥ paśyati, kṣetraṃ ca māyā-nirmita-hasti-svapna-dṛṣṭa-vastuvad gandharva-nagarādivad asad eva sad ivāvabhāsate | ity evaṃ niścita-vijñāno yaḥ, tasya yathokta-samyag-darśana-virodhād apagacchati mithyā-jñānam | tasya janma-hetor apagamād ya evaṃ vetti puruṣaṃ prakṛtiṃ ca guṇaiḥ saha [Gītā 13.25] ity anena vidvān bhūyo nābhijāyate iti yad uktam, tad upapannam uktam

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na sa bhūyo 'bhijāyate [Gītā 13.24] iti samyag darśana-phalam avidyādi-saṃsāra-bīja-nivṛtti-dvāreṇa janmābhāva uktaḥ | janma-kāraṇaṃ cāvidyā-nimittakaḥ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyoga uktaḥ | atas tasyāḥ avidyāyā nivartakaṃ samyag-darśanam uktam api punaḥ śabdāntareṇocyate -
samaṃ sarveṣu bhūteṣu tiṣṭhantaṃ parameśvaram |
vinaśyatsv avinaśyantaṃ yaḥ paśyati sa paśyati

samaṃ nirviśeṣaṃ tiṣṭhantaṃ sthitiṃ kurvantam | kva ? sarveṣu samasteṣu bhūteṣu brahmādi-sthāvarānteṣu prāṇiṣu | kam ? parameśvaraṃ dehendriya-mano-buddhy-avyaktātmano 'pekṣya parameśvaraḥ, taṃ sarveṣu bhūteṣu samaṃ tiṣṭhantam | tāni viśinaṣṭi vinaśyatsv iti | taṃ ca parameśvaram avinaśyantam iti, bhūtānāṃ parameśvarasya cātyanta-vailakṣaṇya-pradarśanārtham | katham ? sarveṣāṃ hi bhāva-vikārāṇāṃ jani-lakṣaṇo bhāva-vikāro mūlam | janmottara-kāla-bhāvino 'nye sarve bhāva-vikārā vināśāntāḥ | vināśāt paro na kaścid asti bhāva-vikāraḥ, bhāvābhāvāt | sati hi dharmiṇi dharmā bhavanti | ato 'ntya-bhāva-vikārābhāvānuvādena pūrva-bhāvinaḥ sarve bhāva-vikārāḥ pratiṣiddhā bhavanti saha kāryaiḥ | tasmāt sarva-bhūtaiḥ vailakṣaṇyam atyantam
eva parameśvarasya siddham, nirviśeṣatvam ekatvaṃ ca | ya evaṃ yathoktaṃ parameśvaraṃ paśyati, sa paśyati |
nanu sarvo 'pi lokaḥ paśyati, kiṃ viśeṣaṇeneti | satyaṃ paśyati | kiṃ tu viparītaṃ paśyati | ato viśinaṣṭi - sa eva paśyatīti | yathā timira-dṛṣṭir anekaṃ candraṃ paśyati, tam apekṣya eka-candra-darśī viśiṣyate - sa eva paśyatīti | tathaivehāpy ekam avibhaktaṃ yathoktaṃ ātmānaṃ yaḥ paśyati, sa vibhaktān ekātma-viparīta-darśibhyo viśiṣyate - sa eva paśyatīti | itare paśyanto 'pi na paśyanti | viparīta-darśitvāt aneka-candra-darśivad ity arthaḥ

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yathoktasya samyag-darśanasya phala-vacanena stutiḥ kartavyā iti śloka ārabhyate -
samaṃ paśyan hi sarvatra samavasthitam īśvaram |
na hinasty ātmanātmānaṃ tato yāti parāṃ gatim

samaṃ paśyann upalabhamāno hi yasmāt sarvatra sarva-bhūteṣu samavasthitaṃ tulyatayāvasthitam īśvaram atītānantara-ślokokta-lakṣaṇam ity arthaḥ | samaṃ paśyan kim ? na hinasti hiṃsāṃ na karoti ātmanā svenaiva svam ātmānam | tat-tad-ahiṃsanād yāti parāṃ prakṛṣṭāṃ gatiṃ mokṣākhyām ||
nanu naiva kaścit prāṇī svayaṃ svam ātmānaṃ hinasti | katham ucyate 'prāptam na hinastīti ? yathā na pṛthivyām nāntarikṣe na divy agniś cetavyaḥ [TaittS 5.2.7.1] ity ādi | naiṣa doṣaḥ, ajñānām ātma-tiraskaraṇopapatteḥ | sarvo hy ajño 'tyanta-prasiddhaṃ sākṣād aparokṣād ātmānaṃ tiraskṛtyānātmānam ātmatvena parigṛhya, tam api dharmādharmau kṛtvopāttam ātmānaṃ hatvānyam ātmānam upādatte navaṃ, taṃ caivaṃ hatvānyam | evaṃ tam api hatvānyam ity evam upāttam upāttam ātmānaṃ hantīty ātmahā sarvo 'jñaḥ | yas tu paramārthātmāsāv api sarvadāvidyayā hata iva vidyamāna-phalābhāvād iti sarve ātma-hana evāvidvāṃsaḥ | yas tv itaro yathoktātma-darśī, sa ubhayathāpi ātmanātmānaṃ na hinasti na hanti | tato yāti parāṃ gatim yathoktaṃ phalaṃ tasya bhavatīty arthaḥ

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sarva-bhūta-stham īśvaraṃ samaṃ paśyan na hinasty ātmanātmānam [Gītā 13.28] ity uktam | tad anupapannaṃ sva-guṇa-karma-vailakṣaṇya-bheda-bhinneṣv ātmasu, ity etad āśaṅkyāha -
prakṛtyaiva ca karmāṇi kriyamāṇāni sarvaśaḥ |
yaḥ paśyati tathātmānam akartāraṃ sa paśyati

prakṛtyā prakṛtir bhagavato māyā triguṇātmikā | māyāṃ tu prakṛtiṃ vidyād [ŚvetU 4.10] iti mantra-varṇāt | tayā prakṛtyaiva ca nānyena mahad-ādi-kārya-kāraṇākāra-pariṇatayā karmāṇi vāṅ-manaḥ-kāyārabhyāṇi kriyamāṇāni nirvartyamānāni sarvaśaḥ sarva-prakārair yaḥ paśyaty upalabhate, tathātmānaṃ kṣetrajñam akartāraṃ sarvopādhi-vivarjitaṃ sa paśyati, sa paramārtha-darśīty abhiprāyaḥ | nirguṇasyākartur nirviśeṣasyākāśasyeva bhede pramāṇānupapattir ity arthaḥ

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punar api tad eva samyag darśanaṃ śabdāntareṇa prapañcayati -
yadā bhūta-pṛthag-bhāvam ekastham anupaśyati |
tata eva ca vistāraṃ brahma saṃpadyate tadā

yadā yasmin kāle bhūta-pṛthag-bhāvaṃ bhūtānāṃ pṛthag-bhāvaṃ pṛthaktvam ekasminn ātmani sthitaṃ eka-stham anupaśyati śāstrācāryopadeśam anu ātmānaṃ pratyakṣatvena paśyaty ātmaivedaṃ sarvam [ChāU 7.25.2] iti | tata eva ca tasmād eva ca vistāraṃ utpattiṃ vikāsam ātmataḥ prāṇa ātmata āśā ātmataḥ smara ātmata ākāśa ātmatas teja ātmata āpa ātmata āvirbhāva-tirobhāvāv ātmato 'nnam [ChāU 7.26.1] ity evam ādi-prakārair vistāraṃ yadā paśyati brahma saṃpadyate bhavati tadā tasmin kāla ity arthaḥ

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ekasyātmānaḥ sarva-dehātmatve tad-doṣa-saṃbandhe prāpte, idam ucyate -
anāditvān nirguṇatvāt paramātmāyam avyayaḥ |
śarīra-stho 'pi kaunteya na karoti na lipyate

anāditvāt | anāder bhāvo 'nāditvam, ādiḥ kāraṇam, tad yasya nāsti tad anādi | yad dhy ādimat tat svenātmanā vyeti | ayaṃ tv anāditvān niravayava iti kṛtvā na vyeti | tathā nirguṇatvāt | saguṇo hi guṇa-vyayāt vyeti | ayaṃ tu nirguṇatvāc ca na vyeti | iti paramātmāyam avyayaḥ | nāsya vyayo vidyata ity avyayaḥ | yata evam ataḥ śarīra-stho 'pi, śarīreṣu ātmana upalabdhir bhavatīti śarīra-stha ucyate | tathāpi na karoti | tad-akaraṇād eva tat-phalena na lipyate | yo hi kartā, sa karma-phalena lipyate | ayaṃ tv akartā, ato na phalena lipyate ity arthaḥ |
kaḥ punar deheṣu karoti lipyate ca ? yadi tāvat anyaḥ paramātmano dehī karoti lipyate ca, tataḥ idam anupapannam uktaṃ kṣetrajñeśvaraikatvam kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi māṃ viddhi [Gītā 13.2] ity ādi | atha nāsti īśvarād anyo dehī | kaḥ karoti lipyate ca ? iti vācyam | paro vā nāstīti sarvathā durvijñeyaṃ durvācyaṃ ceti bhagavat-proktam aupaniṣadaṃ darśanaṃ parityaktaṃ vaiśeṣikaiḥ sāṃkhyārhata-bauddhaiś ca | tatrāyaṃ parihāro bhagavatā svenaiva uktaḥ svabhāvas tu pravartate [Gītā 5.14] iti | avidyā-mātra-svabhāvo hi karoti lipyate iti vyavahāro bhavati, na tu paramārthata ekasmin paramātmani tad asti | ata evaitasmin paramārtha-sāṃkhya-darśane sthitānāṃ jñāna-niṣṭhānāṃ paramahaṃsa-parivrājakānāṃ tiraskṛtāvidyā-vyavahārāṇāṃ karmādhikāro nāstīti tatra tatra darśitaṃ bhagavatā

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kim iva na karoti na lipyate ity atra dṛṣṭāntam āha -
yathā sarva-gataṃ saukṣmyād ākāśaṃ nopalipyate |
sarvatrāvasthito dehe tathātmā nopalipyate

yathā sarva-gataṃ vyāpy api sat saukṣmyāt sūkṣma-bhāvād ākāśaṃ khaṃ nopalipyate na saṃbadhyate, sarvatrāvasthito dehe tathātmā nopalipyate

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kiṃ ca -
yathā prakāśayaty ekaḥ kṛtsnaṃ lokam imaṃ raviḥ |
kṣetraṃ kṣetrī tathā kṛtsnaṃ prakāśayati bhārata

yathā prakāśayaty avabhāsayati ekaḥ kṛtsnaṃ lokam imaṃ raviḥ savitā ādityaḥ, tathā tadvat mahā-bhūtādi-dhṛty-antaṃ kṣetram ekaḥ san prakāśayati | kaḥ ? kṣetrī paramātmā ity arthaḥ | ravi-dṛṣṭanto 'tra ātmana ubhayārtho 'pi bhavati | ravivat sarva-kṣetreṣv eka evātmā, alepakaś ceti

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samastādhyāyārthopasaṃhārārtho 'yaṃ ślokaḥ -
kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor evam antaraṃ jñāna-cakṣuṣā |
bhūta-prakṛti-mokṣaṃ ca ye vidur yānti te param

kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor yathā-vyākhyātayor evaṃ yathā-pradarśita-prakāreṇāntaram itaretara-vailakṣaṇya-viśeṣaṃ jñāna-cakṣuṣā śāstrācārya-prasādopadeśa-janitam ātma-pratyayikaṃ jñānaṃ cakṣuḥ, tena jñāna-cakṣuṣā, bhūta-prakṛti-mokṣaṃ ca, bhūtānāṃ prakṛtir avidyā-lakṣaṇāvyaktākhyā, tasyā bhūta-prakṛter mokṣaṇam abhāva-gamanaṃ ca ye vidur vijānanti, yānti gacchanti te paraṃ paramātma-tattvaṃ brahma, na punar dehaṃ ādadate ity arthaḥ