Prasannapada · Chapter 5

tatra ceṣṭā caraṇotkṣepaparikṣepalakṣaṇā | yato vrajato ganturyatra deśe ceṣṭā gatiḥ tatraiva deśe | sā ca ceṣṭā na gate 'dhvani saṃbhavati nāpyagate, kiṃ tu gamyamāna eva | tataśca gamyamāne gatiḥ | yatra hi gatirupalabhyate tadgamyamānam, tacca gamikriyayā āviśyate | tasmād gamyamānameva gamyate iti | eko 'tra gamirjñānārthaḥ, aparaśca deśāntarasaṃprāptyartha iti

evamapi parikalpyamāne gamyamānaṃ na gamyata ityāha-
gamyamānasya gamanaṃ kathaṃ nāmopapatsyate |
gamyamāne dvigamanaṃ yadā naivopapadyate

iha hi gamikriyāyogādeva gamyamānavyapadeśamicchati bhavān, tacca iti gamyata bravīti | ekā cātra gamikriyā, tayā gamyamānavyapadeśo bhavatu kāmamadhvanaḥ | gamyata iti bhūyaḥ kriyāsaṃbandho gamyamānasya na yujyata iti
gamyamānasya gamanaṃ kathaṃ nāmopapatsyate |
kāraṇamāha-
gamyamāne dvigamanaṃ yadā naivopapadyate || iti ||
gamyamānamiti gamyata ityarthaḥ | dvigataṃ gamanaṃ dvigamanam | ekasyā gamikriyāyā gamyamānamityatropayuktatvād dvitīyāyā abhāvācca, gamyata ityayaṃ vyapadeśo vinā gamanena yadā naivopapadyate, tadā gamyamānaṃ gamyata iti paripūrṇo vākyārtho nāstītyabhiprāyaḥ | gamyamānamityetāvanmātrameva saṃbhavati dvitīyakriyābhāvāt, na tu gamyata iti

atha gamyate ityatraiva gamikriyāsaṃbandha iṣyate, evaṃ sati gamyamānavyapadeśe nāsti kriyāsaṃbandha iti na paripūrṇatā vākyārthasyetyāha-
gamyamānasya gamanaṃ yasya tasya prasajyate |
ṛte gatergamyamānaṃ gamyamānaṃ hi gamyate

yasya vādino gamyamānasya gamanamiti pakṣaḥ, gamyamāne saṃjñābhūte gamikriyāśūnye yo gamikriyāmādheyabhūtāmicchati, tasya pakṣe ṛte gatergamyamānamiti prasajyate, gatirahitaṃ gamanaṃ syāt, yasmādasya gamyamānaṃ hi gamyate | hi śabdo yasmādarthe | yasmād gatirahitameva gamyamānaṃ sat tasya vādino gamyate, gamyata ityatra kriyopayogāt, tasmād gatirahitaṃ gamanaṃ prasajyate

atha ubhayatrāpi kriyāsaṃbandha iṣyate gamyamāne gamyate ityatra ca, evamapi-
gamyamānasya gamane prasaktaṃ gamanadvayam |
yena tadgamyamānaṃ ca yaccātra gamanaṃ punaḥ

yena gamanena yogādgamyamānavyapadeśaṃ pratilabhate 'dhvā, tadekaṃ gamanam || tatra gamyamāne 'dhikaraṇabhute dvitīyaṃ gamanaṃ yena so 'dhvā gamyate | etadgamanadvayaṃ gamyamānasya gamane sati prasaktam

bhavatu gamanadvayam, ko doṣa iti cet, ayaṃ doṣaḥ | yasmāt-
dvau gantārau prasajyete prasakte gamanadvaye |
kiṃ punaḥ kāraṇaṃ gantṛdvayaprasaṅge ityāha-
gantāraṃ hi tiraskṛtya gamanaṃ nopapadyate

yasmādavaśyaṃ kriyā svasādhanamapekṣate karma kartāraṃ vā | gamikriyā caivaṃ kartaryavasthitā, ato gantāramapekṣate | nāsti ca ekasminneva gacchati devadatte dvitīyaḥ karteti | ataḥ kartṛdvayābhāvānnāsti gamanadvayam | tataśca gamyamānaṃ gamyata iti nopapadyate ||
atha syāt- yadāyaṃ devadattaḥ sthitaḥ, sa na bhāṣate? paśyati na? tadaiko 'nekakriyo dṛṣṭaḥ, evamekasmin gantari kriyādvayaṃ bhaviṣyati iti | naivam | śaktirhi kārako na dravyam | kriyābhedācca tatsādhanasyāpi śakteḥ siddha eva bhedaḥ | na hi sthitikriyayā vaktā syāt | dravyamekamiti cet, bhavatu evam, na tu dravyaṃ kārakaḥ, kiṃ tarhi śaktiḥ, sā ca bhidyata eva | api ca | sadṛśakriyādvaya kārakatvaṃ naikadeśikasya dṛṣṭam, ato naikasya ganturgamanadvayam

atrāha- yadyapyevaṃ tathāpi gantari devadatte gamanamupalabhyate devadatto gacchatīti vyapadeśāt | tataśca vidyata eva gamanaṃ gamanāśrayagantṛsadbhāvāt | ucyate | syādevaṃ yadi gamanāśrayo gantā syāt, na tvasti | kathamityāha-
gantāraṃ cetiraskṛtya gamanaṃ nopapadyate |
gamane 'sati gantātha kuta eva bhaviṣyati

gantāramantareṇa nirāśrayaṃ gamanamasadityuktam, tataśca gantāraṃ cetiraskṛtya pratyākhyāya gamanaṃ nāsti, asati gamane kuto nirhetuko gantā? ato nāsti gamanam

atrāha- vidyata eva gamanam, tadvatastena vyapadeśāt | iha gantā gamanena yuktaḥ, tadyogācca gacchati | yadi gamanaṃ na syāt, gamanavato devadattasya gacchatīti vyapadeśo na syāt, daṇḍābhāve daṇḍivyapadeśābhāvavat | ucyate | syādgamanam, yadi gacchatītyevaṃ vyapadeśaḥ syāt | yasmāt-
gantā na gacchati tāvadagantā naiva gacchati |
anyo ganturagantuśca kastṛtīyo hi gacchati

iha gacchatīti gantā, sa tāvanna gacchati, yathā ca na gacchati tathottareṇa ślokatrayeṇa pratipādayiṣyati | agantāpi na gacchati | agantā hi nāma yo gamikriyārahitaḥ | gacchatīti ca gamikriyāyogapravṛttaḥ śabdaḥ | yadyasāvagantā, kathaṃ gacchati? atha gacchati, nāsau agantā iti | tadubhayavyatirikto gacchatīti cennaivam | ko hi ganturaganturvinirmuktastṛtīyo 'sti yo gacchatīti kalpyeta? tasmānnāsti gamanam

atrāha- nāgantā gacchati nāpyubhayarahitaḥ, kiṃ tarhi gantaiva gacchatīti | etadapyasat kiṃ kāraṇam? yasmāt-
gantā tāvadgacchatīti kathamevopapatsyate |
gamanena vinā gantā yadā naivopapadyate

gantā gacchatītyatra vākye ekaiva gamikriyā, tayā ca gacchatīti vyapadiśyate | ganteti tu vyapadeśe nāsti dvitīyā gamikriyā iti | gamanena vinā gantā, agacchan ganteti yadā na saṃbhavati, tadā gantā gacchatīti na yujyate | kāmaṃ gacchatītyastu, ganteti tu na saṃbhavatīti tadayuktam

atha gatiyogātsagatika eva gantā, tathāpi dvitīyagamikriyābhāvadgacchatīti vyapadeśo na syādityāha-
pakṣo gantā gacchatīti yasya tasya prasajyate |
gamanena vinā gantā ganturgamanamicchataḥ

yasya vādino gamikriyāyogādeva ganteti pakṣaḥ, tasya ganturgamanamicchataḥ sagamanagantṛvyapadeśādgamanena vinā gantā gacchatīti syāt, dvitīyagamikriyābhāvāt | ato gantā gacchatīti na yujyate | gacchatītyetasyārthe ganteti śabdo gamanena vinā gantetyatra vākye

atha ubhayatrāpi gatiyoga iṣyate gantā gacchatīti, evamapi-
gamane dve prasajyete gantā yadyuta gacchati |
ganteti cocyate yena gantā san yacca gacchati

yena gamanena yogād gantetyucyate vyapadiśyate tadekaṃ gamanam | gantā bhavan yacca gacchati, yāṃ ca gatikriyāṃ karoti, tadetadgamanadvayaṃ prasaktam | ato gantṛdvayaprasaṅga iti pūrvavad dūṣaṇaṃ vaktavyam | tasmānnāsti gacchatīti vyapadeśaḥ ||
atrāha- yadyapyevam, tathāpi devadatto gacchatīti vyapadeśasadbhāvādgamanastīti | naivam | yasmāddevadattāśrayaivaiṣā cintā kimasau gantā san gacchati, uta agantā gacchati, tadvayatirikto veti | sarvathā ca nopapadyata iti yatkiṃcidetat ||
atrāha- vidyata eva gamanam, tadārambhasadbhāvāt | iha devadattaḥ sthityupamardena gamanamārabhate | na ca avidyamānakūrmaromaprāvārādikamārabhate | ucyate | syādgamanaṃ yadi tadāramme eva syāt | yasmāt-
gate nārabhyate gantuṃ gataṃ nārabhyate 'gate |
nārabhyate gamyamāne gantumārabhyate kuha

yadi gamanārambho bhavet, tad gate vādhvanyāramyeta, agate vā gamyamāne vā | tatra gate gamanaṃ nārabhyate, taddhi nāma uparatagamikriyam | yadi tatra gamanamārabhyeta, tad gatamityevaṃ na syād atītavartamānayorvirodhāt | agate 'pi gamanaṃ nārabhyate, anāgatavartamānayorvirodhāt | nāpi gamyamāne, tadabhāvāt kriyādvayaprasaṅgāt kartṛdvayaprasaṅgācca | tadevaṃ sarvatra gamanārambhamapaśyannāha- gantumārabhyate kuheti

yathā ca gamanaṃ na saṃbhavati tathā pratipādayannāha-
na pūrvaṃ gamanārambhādgamyamānaṃ na vā gatam |
yatrārabhyeta gamanamagate gamanaṃ kutaḥ

iha devadatto yadāvasthita āste, sa tadā gamanaṃ nārabhate | tasya gamanārambhātpūrvaṃ na gamyamānamadhvajātamasti, na ca gataṃ yatra gamanamārabhyeta | tasmād gatagamyamānābhāvādenayorna gamanārambhaḥ ||
atha syāt- yadyapi gamanārambhātpūrvaṃ na gataṃ na gamyamānaṃ tathāpyagatamasti, tatra gamanārambhaḥ syāditi | ucyate | agate gamanaṃ kutaḥ | anupajātagamikriyamanārabdhagamikriyamagatam | tatra gamanārambha ityasaṃbaddhametadityāha- agate gamanaṃ kutaḥ iti

yadyapi gatāgatagamyamāneṣu gamanārambho nāsti, gatāgatagamyamānāni tu santi | na cāsati gamane etāni yujyanta iti | ucyate | syād gamanaṃ yadyetānyeva syuḥ | sati hi gamikriyāprārambhe yatroparatā gamikriyā tad gatamiti parikalpyeta, yatra vartamānā tad gamyamānam, yatrājātā tadagatamiti | yadā tu gamikriyāprārambha eva nāsti, tadā-
gataṃ kiṃ gamyamanaṃ kimagataṃ kiṃ vikalpyate |
adṛśyamāna ārambhe gamanasyaiva sarvathā

prārambhe 'nupalabhyamāne kiṃ mithyādhvatrayaṃ parikalpyate, kuto vā tadvayapadeśakāraṇaṃ gamanamityayuktametat

atrāha- vidyata eva gamanaṃ tatpratipakṣasadbhāvāt | yasya ca pratipakṣo 'sti, tadasti, ālokāndhakāravat pārāvāravat saṃśayaniścayavacca | asti ca gamanasya pratipakṣaḥ sthānamiti | ucyate | syād gamanaṃ yadi tatpratipakṣaḥ sthānaṃ syāt | kathamihedaṃ sthānaṃ ganturagantustadanyasya vā parikalpyeta? sarvathā ca na yujyata ityāha-
gantā na tiṣṭhati tāvadagantā naiva tiṣṭhati |
anyo ganturagantuśca kastṛtīyo 'tha tiṣṭhati

yathā gantā na tiṣṭhati tathottareṇa ślokenākhyāsyati | agantāpi na tiṣṭhati, sa hi tiṣṭhatyeva, tasya kimaparayā sthityā prayojanam? agantāpi na tiṣṭhati? sa hi tiṣṭhatyeva, tasya ( Pp_38 ) kimaparayā sthityā prayojanam? ekayā sthityā agantā aparayā tiṣṭhatīti sthitidvayaprasaṅgāt sthātṛdvayaprasaṅga iti pūrvavaddoṣaḥ | gantragantṛrahitaścānyo nāsti

atrāha- nāgantā tiṣṭhati, nāpi ganturagantuścānyaḥ, kiṃ tarhi gantaiva tiṣṭhatīti naivam | yasmāt-
gantā tāvattiṣṭhatīti kathamevopapatsyate |
gamanena vinā gantā yadā naivopapadyate

yadāyaṃ tiṣṭhatītyucyate, tadā sthitivirodhi gamanamasya nāsti, vinā ca gamanaṃ gantṛvyapadeśo nāsti | ato gantā tiṣṭhatīti nopapadyate

atrāha- vidyata eva gamanam, tannivṛttisadbhāvāt | iha gaternivartamānaḥ sthitimārabhate gamanābhāve tu na tato nivarteta | ucyate | syād gamanaṃ yadi tannivṛttireva syāt | [na tvasti] yasmāt-
na tiṣṭhati gamyamānānna gatānnāgatādapi |
tatra gantā gatādadhvano na nivartate gatyabhāvāt | agatādapi, gatyabhāvādeva | gamyamānādapi na nivartate tadanupalabdheḥ gamikriyābhāvācca | tasmānna gatinivṛttiḥ ||
atrāha- yadi gamanapratidvandvisthityabhāvādgatirasatī, evaṃ tarhi gamanaprasiddhaye sthiti sādhayāmaḥ, tatsiddhau gamanasiddhiḥ | tasmādvidyata eva sthānaṃ pratidvandvisadbhāvāt, sthiterhi pratidvandvi gamanam, tadasti, tataśca sthitirapi, pratidvandvisadbhāvāt | etadapyayuktam | yasmāt-
gamanaṃ saṃpravṛttiśca nivṛttiśca gateḥ samā

atra hi yadgamanaṃ sthitisiddhaye varṇitaṃ tadgatyā samaṃ gatidūṣaṇena tulyamityarthaḥ | yathā gantā na tiṣṭhati tāvadityādinā gatiprasiddhaye sthiterhetutvenopāttāyā dūṣaṇamuktam, evamihāpi sthitiprasiddhaye gamanasya hetutvenopāttasya sthātā na gacchati tāvadityādinā ślokadvayapāṭhaparivartena dūṣaṇaṃ vaktavyamiti nāsti gamanam, tadabhāvātpratidvandvinī sthitirapīti | evaṃ tāvad gamanaṃ gatyā tulyaṃ pratyākhyeyam ||
atha syāt- vidyata eva sthānaṃ tadārambhasadbhāvāt | iha gatyupamardena sthānamārabhyate, kathaṃ tanna syāt? ucyate | saṃpravṛttiśca gateḥ samā vācyā | tatra yathā pūrvaṃ gate nārabhyate gantumityādinā gamanārambho niṣiddhaḥ, evamihāpi-
sthite nārabhyate sthātuṃ sthātuṃ nārabhyate 'sthite |
nārabhyate sthīyamāne sthātumārabhyate kuha ||
ityādinā ślokatrayaparivartena sthānasaṃpravṛttirapi gateḥ samā | sthānanivṛttirapi gatinivṛttyā samā pratyākhyeyā | yathā gatiniṣedhe-
na tiṣṭhati gamyamānānna gatānnāgatādapi |
iti gaterdūṣaṇamuktam, evaṃ sthitiniṣedhe 'pi
na gacchati sthīyamānānna sthitānnāsthitādapi |
iti gatyā tulyaṃ dūṣaṇamiti nāsti sthitiḥ | tadabhāvātkuto gatipratipakṣasthitisadbhāvavādināṃ gateḥ siddhiriti

api ca | yadi gamanaṃ syāt, gantṛvyatirekeṇa vā syādavyatirekeṇa vā? sarvathā ca vicāryamāṇaṃ na saṃbhavatītyāha-
yadeva gamanaṃ gantā sa eveti na yujyate |
anya eva punargantā gateriti na yujyate

kathaṃ punarna yujyata ityāha-
yadeva gamanaṃ gantā sa eva hi bhavedyadi |
ekībhāvaḥ prasajyeta kartuḥ karmaṇa eva ca

yeyaṃ gamikriyā, sā yadi ganturavyatiriktā nānyā syāt, tadā kartuḥ kriyāyāścaikatvaṃ syāt | tataśca iyaṃ kriyā, ayaṃ kartā, iti viśeṣo na syāt | na ca chidikriyāyāḥ chettuśca ekatvam | ato yadeva gamanaṃ sa eva ganteti na yujyate

anyatramapi gantṛgamanayoryathā nāsti tathā pratipādayannāha-
anya eva punargantā gateryadi vikalpyate |
gamanaṃ syādṛte ganturgantā syādgamanādṛte

yadi hi gantṛgamanayoranyatvaṃ syāt, tadā gamananirapekṣo gantā syāt, gantṛnirapekṣaṃ ca gamanaṃ gṛhyeta pṛthak siddhaṃ ghaṭādiva paṭaḥ | na ca gantuḥ pṛthaksiddhaṃ gamanaṃ gṛhyata iti | anya eva punargantā gateriti na yujyate iti prasādhitametat

tadevam-
ekībhāvena vā siddhirnānābhāvena vā yayoḥ |
na vidyate, tayoḥ siddhiḥ kathaṃ nu khalu vidyate

yayorgantṛgamanayoryathoditanyāyena ekībhāvena vā nānābhāvena vā nāsti siddhiḥ, tayoridānīṃ kenānyena prakāreṇa siddhirastu? ata āha- tayoḥ siddhiḥ kathaṃ nu khalu vidyata iti | nāsti gantṛgamanayoḥ siddhirityabhiprāyaḥ

atrāha- iha devadatto gantā gacchatīti lokaprasiddham | tatra yathā vaktā vācaṃ bhāṣate, kartā kriyāṃ karoti, iti prasiddham, evaṃ yayā gatyā gantetyabhivyajyate tāṃ gacchatīti na yathoktadoṣaḥ | tadapyasat | yasmāt-
gatyā yayocyate gantā gatiṃ tāṃ sa na gacchati |
yayā gatyā devadatto gantetyabhivyajate, sa gantā san tāṃ tāvanna gacchati, na prāpnoti yadi vā na karotītyarthaḥ |
yasmānna gatipūrvo 'sti
gateḥ pūrvo gatipūrvaḥ | yadi gantā gateḥ pūrvaṃ siddhaḥ syāt, sa tāṃ gacchet | katham yasmāt-
kaścitkiṃciddhi gacchati

kaściddevadattaḥ kiṃcidarthāntarabhūtaṃ grāmaṃ nagaraṃ vā gacchatīti dṛṣṭam | na caivaṃ yayā gatyā gantetyucyate, tasyāḥ pūrvaṃ siddharūpo gatinirapekṣo gantā nāma asti yastāṃ gacchet

atha manyase- yayā gatyā gantetyabhivyajyate, tāmeva asau na gacchati, kiṃ tahi tato 'nyāmiti | etadapyasat | yasmāt-
gatyā yayocyate gantā tato 'nyāṃ sa na gacchati |
gatī dve nopapadyete yasmādeke pragacchati

yayā gatyā gantā abhivyajyate, tato 'nyāmapi sa gantā san na gacchati, gatidvayaprasaṅgāt | yayā gatyā gantā abhivyajyate, gantā san yāṃ cāparāṃ gacchatītyetad gatidvayaṃ prasaktam | na ca ekasmin gantari gatidvayam | ityuktametat | etena vaktā vācaṃ bhāṣate kartā kriyāṃ karoti, iti pratyuktam

tadevam-
sadbhūto gamanaṃ gantā triprakāraṃ na gacchati |
nāsadbhūto 'pi gamanaṃ triprakāraṃ sa gacchati

gamanaṃ sadasadbhūtastriprakāraṃ na gacchati |
tatra gamyata iti gamanamihocyate | tatra sadbhūto gantā yo gamikriyāyuktaḥ | asadbhūto gantā yo gamikriyārahitaḥ | sadasadbhūto ya ubhayapakṣīyarūpaḥ | evaṃ gamanamapi triprakāraṃ gamikriyāsaṃbandhena veditavyam | tatra sadbhūto gantā sadbhūtamasadbhūtaṃ sadasadbhūtaṃ triprakāraṃ gamanaṃ na gacchati | etacca karmakārakaparīkṣāyāmākhyāsyate | evamasadbhūto 'pi gantā triprakāraṃ gamanaṃ na gacchati | sadasadbhūto 'pīti tatraiva pratipādayiṣyati | yataścaivaṃ gantṛgantavyagamanāni vicāryamāṇāni na santi,
tasmādgatiśca gantā ca gantavyaṃ ca na vidyate