īśāvāsyopaniṣadbhāṣyam śaṅkarācāryakṛtam · Chapter 1

śuddhatvāpāpaviddhatvaikatvanityatvāśarīratvasarvagatatvādi vakṣyamāṇam / tacca karmaṇā virudhyata iti yukta evaiṣāṃ karmasvaviniyogaḥ / na hyevaṃlakṣaṇamātmano yāthātmyam utpādyaṃ vikāryam āpyaṃ saṃskāryaṃ vā kartṛbhoktṛrūpaṃ vā, yena karmaśeṣatā syāt ; sarvāsāmupaniṣadāmātmayāthātmyanirūpaṇenaivopakṣayāt, gītānāṃ mokṣadharmāṇāṃ caivaṃparatvāt / tasmādātmano'nekatvakartṛtvabhoktṛtvādi ca aśuddhatvapāpaviddhatvādi copādāya lokabuddhisiddhaṃ karmāṇi vihitāni / yo hi karmaphalenārthī dṛṣṭena brahmavarcasādinā adṛṣṭena svargādinā ca dvijātirahaṃ na kāṇatvakuṇitvādyanadhikāraprayojakadharmavānityātmānaṃ manyate so'dhikriyate karmasviti hyadhikāravido vadanti / tasmādete mantrā ātmano yāthātmyaprakāśanena ātmaviṣayaṃ svābhāvikakarmavijñānaṃ nivartayantaḥ śokamohādisaṃsāradharmavicchittisādhanamātmaikatvādivijñānamutpādayantīti / evamuktādhikāryabhidheyasambandhaprayojanānmantrānsaṃkṣepato vyākhyāsyāmaḥ —
īśā vāsyamidaṃ sarvaṃ yatkiṃ ca jagatyāṃ jagat /
tena tyaktena bhuñjīthā mā gṛdhaḥ kasya sviddhanam

bhāṣyam
evamātmavidaḥ putrādyeṣaṇātrayasaṃnyāsenātmajñānaniṣṭhatayā ātmā rakṣitavya ityeṣa vedārthaḥ / athetarasya anātmajñatayātmagrahaṇāśaktasya idamupadiśati mantraḥ —
kurvanneveha karmāṇi jijīviṣecchataṃ samāḥ /
evaṃ tvayi nānyatheto'sti na karma lipyate nare

bhāṣyam
athedānīmavidvannindārtho'yaṃ mantra ārabhyate —
asuryā nāma te lokā andhena tamasā vṛtāḥ /
tāṃste pretyābhigacchanti ye ke cātmahano janāḥ

bhāṣyam
yasyātmano hananādavidvāṃsaḥ saṃsaranti, tadviparyayeṇa vidvāṃso mucyante'nātmahanaḥ, tatkīdṛśamātmatattvamityucyate —
anejadekaṃ manaso javīyo nainaddevā āpnuvanpūrvamarṣat /
taddhāvato'nyānatyeti tiṣṭha—ttasminnapo mātariśvā dadhāti

bhāṣyam
na mantrāṇāṃ jāmitāstīti pūrvamantroktamapyarthaṃ punarāha —
tadejati tannaijati taddūre tadvantike /
tadantarasya sarvasya tadu sarvasyāsya bāhyataḥ

bhāṣyam
yastu sarvāṇi bhūtāni ātmanyevānupaśyati /
sarvabhūteṣu cātmānaṃ tato na vijugupsate

bhāṣyam
imamevārthamanyo'pi mantra āha —
yasminsarvāṇi bhūtāni ātmaivābhūdvijānataḥ /
tatra ko mohaḥ kaḥ śoka ekatvamanupaśyataḥ

bhāṣyam
yo'yamatītairmantrairukta ātmā, sa svena rūpeṇa kiṃlakṣaṇa ityāha ayaṃ mantraḥ —
sa paryagācchukramakāyamavraṇa—masnāviraṃ śuddhamapāpaviddham /
kavirmanīṣī paribhūḥ svayambhūryāthātathyato—'rthānvyadadhācchāśvatībhyaḥ samābhyaḥ

bhāṣyam
atrādyena mantreṇa sarvaiṣaṇāparityāgena jñānaniṣṭhoktā prathamo vedārthaḥ ‘īśāvāsyamidaṃ sarvam. . . mā gṛdhaḥ kasya sviddhanam’ (ī. u. १) iti / ajñānāṃ jijīviṣūṇāṃ jñānaniṣṭhāsambhave ‘kurvanneveha karmāṇi jijīviṣet’ (ī. u. २) iti karmaniṣṭhoktā dvitīyo vedārthaḥ / anayośca niṣṭhayorvibhāgo mantradvayapradarśitayorbṛhadāraṇyake'pi darśitaḥ — ‘so'kāmayata jāyā me syāt’ (bṛ. u. १-४-१७) ityādinā ajñasya kāminaḥ karmāṇīti / ‘mana evāsyātmā vāgjāyā’ (bṛ. u. १-४-१७), (bṛ. u. १-५-२) ityādivacanāt ajñatvaṃ kāmitvaṃ ca karmaniṣṭhasya niścitamavagamyate / tathā ca tatphalaṃ saptānnasargasteṣvātmabhāvenātmasvarūpāvasthānam / jāyādyeṣaṇātrayasaṃnyāsena cātmavidāṃ karmaniṣṭhāprātikūlyena ātmasvarūpaniṣṭhaiva darśitā — ‘kiṃ prajayā kariṣyāmo yeṣāṃ no'yamātmāyaṃ lokaḥ’ (bṛ. u. ४-४-२२) ityādinā / ye tu jñānaniṣṭhāḥ saṃnyāsinastebhyaḥ ‘asuryā nāma te’ (ī. u. ३) ityādinā avidvannindādvāreṇātmano yāthātmyam ‘sa paryagāt’ (ī. u. ८) ityetadantairmantrairupadiṣṭam / te hyatrādhikṛtā na kāmina iti / tathā ca śvetāśvatarāṇāṃ mantropaniṣadi — ‘atyāśramibhyaḥ paramaṃ pavitraṃ provāca samyagṛṣisaṃghajuṣṭam’ (śve. u. ६-२१) ityādi vibhajyoktam / ye tu kāminaḥ karmaniṣṭhāḥ karma kurvanta eva jijīviṣavaḥ, tebhya idamucyate — ‘ andhaṃ tamaḥ’ (ī. u. ९) ityādi / kathaṃ punarevamavagamyate, na tu sarveṣām iti ? ucyate — akāminaḥ sādhyasādhanabhedopamardena ‘yasminsarvāṇi bhūtāni ātmaivābhūdvijānataḥ / tatra ko mohaḥ kaḥ śoka ekatvamanupaśyataḥ’ (ī. u. ७) iti yat ātmaikatvavijñānam, tanna kenacitkarmaṇā jñānāntareṇa vā hyamūḍhaḥ samuccicīṣati / iha tu samuccicīṣayā avidvadādinindā kriyate / tatra ca yasya yena samuccayaḥ sambhavati nyāyataḥ śāstrato vā tadihocyate / taddaivaṃ vittaṃ devatāviṣayaṃ jñānaṃ karmasambandhitvenopanyastaṃ na paramātmajñānam, ‘vidyayā devalokaḥ’ (bṛ. u. १-५-१६) iti pṛthakphalaśravaṇāt / tayorjñānakarmaṇorihaikaikānuṣṭhānanindā samuccicīṣayā, na nindāparaiva ekaikasya, pṛthakphalaśravaṇāt — ‘vidyayā tadārohanti’ ‘vidyayā devalokaḥ’ (bṛ. u. १-५-१६) ‘na tatra dakṣiṇā yānti’ ‘karmaṇā pitṛlokaḥ’ (bṛ. u. १-५-१६) iti / na hi śāstravihitaṃ kiñcidakartavyatāmiyāt / tatra —
andhaṃ tamaḥ praviśanti ye avidyāmupāsate /
tato bhūya iva te tamo ya u vidyāyāṃ ratāḥ

bhāṣyam
tatrāvāntaraphalabhedaṃ vidyākarmaṇoḥ samuccayakāraṇamāha / anyathā phalavadaphalavatoḥ saṃnihitayoraṅgāṅgitayā jāmitaiva syāditi —
anyadevāhurvidyayā anyadāhuravidyayā /
iti śuśruma dhīrāṇāṃ ye nastadvicacakṣire

bhāṣyam
yata evamataḥ —
vidyāṃ cāvidyāṃ ca yastadvedobhayaṃ saha /
avidyayā mṛtyuṃ tīrtvā vidyayāmṛtamaśnute

bhāṣyam
adhunā vyākṛtāvyākṛtopāsanayoḥ samuccicīṣayā pratyekaṃ nindocyate —
andhaṃ tamaḥ praviśanti ye'sambhūtimupāsate /
tato bhūya iva te tamo ya u sambhūtyāṃ ratāḥ

bhāṣyam
adhunā ubhayorupāsanayoḥ samuccayakāraṇamavayavaphalabhedamāha —
anyadevāhuḥ sambhavādanyadāhurasambhavāt /
iti śuśruma dhīrāṇāṃ ye nastadvicacakṣire

bhāṣyam
yata evam, ataḥ samuccayaḥ sambhūtyasambhūtyupāsanayoryuktaḥ ekaikapuruṣārthatvāccetyāha —
sambhūtiṃ ca vināśaṃ ca yastadvedobhayaṃ saha /
vināśena mṛtyuṃ tīrtvā sambhūtyāmṛtamaśnute

bhāṣyam
mānuṣadaivavittasādhyaṃ phalaṃ śāstralakṣaṇaṃ prakṛtilayāntam ; etāvatī saṃsāragatiḥ / ataḥ paraṃ pūrvoktam ‘ātmaivābhūdvijānataḥ’ iti sarvātmabhāva eva sarvaiṣaṇāsaṃnyāsajñānaniṣṭhāphalam / evaṃ dviprakāraḥ pravṛttinivṛttilakṣaṇo vedārtho'tra prakāśitaḥ / tatra pravṛttilakṣaṇasya vedārthasya vidhipratiṣedhalakṣaṇasya kṛtsnasya prakāśane pravargyāntaṃ brāhmaṇamupayuktam / nivṛttilakṣaṇasya prakāśane ata ūrdhvaṃ bṛhadāraṇyakam / tatra niṣekādiśmaśānāntaṃ karma kurvan jijīviṣedyo vidyayā sahāparabrahmaviṣayayā, taduktam — ‘vidyāṃ cāvidyāṃ ca yastadvedobhayaṃ saha / avidyayā mṛtyuṃ tīrtvā vidyayāmṛtamaśnute’ (ī. u. १) iti, tatra so'dhikārī kena mārgeṇāmṛtatvamaśnute ityucyate — ‘tadyattatsatyamasau sa ādityo ya eṣa etasminmaṇḍale puruṣo yaścāyaṃ dakṣiṇe'kṣanpuruṣaḥ’ (bṛ. u. ५-५-२) etadubhayaṃ satyaṃ brahmopāsīnaḥ yathoktakarmakṛcca yaḥ, so'ntakāle prāpte satyātmānamātmanaḥ prāptidvāraṃ yācate —
hiraṇmayena pātreṇa satyasyāpihitaṃ mukham /
tattvaṃ pūṣannapāvṛṇu satyadharmāya dṛṣṭaye

bhāṣyam
hiraṇmayena pātreṇa hiraṇmayamiva hiraṇmayam, jyotirmayamityetat, tena pātreṇeva apidhānabhūtena satyasya ādityamaṇḍalasthasya brahmaṇaḥ apihitam ācchāditaṃ mukhaṃ dvāram ; tat tvaṃ he pūṣan apāvṛṇu apasāraya satyadharmāya tava satyasyopāsanātsatyaṃ dharmo yasya mama so'haṃ satyadharmā tasmai mahyam ; athavā, yathābhūtasya dharmasyānuṣṭhātre, dṛṣṭaye tava satyātmana upalabdhaye //
pūṣannekarṣe yama sūrya prājāpatya vyūha
raśmīnsamūha tejo yatte rūpaṃ kalyāṇatamaṃ
tatte paśyāmi yo'sāvasau puruṣaḥ so'hamasmi

bhāṣyam
he pūṣan jagataḥ poṣaṇātpūṣā raviḥ / tathā eka eva ṛṣati gacchatītyekarṣiḥ he ekarṣe / tathā sarvasya saṃyamanādyamaḥ he yama / tathā raśmīnāṃ prāṇānāṃ rasānāṃ ca svīkaraṇātsūryaḥ he sūrya / prajāpaterapatyaṃ prājāpatyaḥ he prājāpatya / vyūha vigamaya raśmīn svān / samūha ekīkuru upasaṃhara tejaḥ tāvakaṃ jyotiḥ / yat te tava rūpaṃ kalyāṇatamam atyantaśobhanam, tat te tavātmanaḥ prasādāt paśyāmi / kiñca, ahaṃ na tu tvāṃ bhṛtyavadyāce yo'sau ādityamaṇḍalasthaḥ asau vyāhṛtyavayavaḥ puruṣaḥ puruṣākāratvāt, pūrṇaṃ vānena prāṇabuddhyātmanā jagatsamastamiti puruṣaḥ ; puri śayanādvā puruṣaḥ / so'ham asmi bhavāmi //
vāyuranilamamṛtamathedaṃ bhasmāntaṃ śarīram /
oṃ krato smara kṛtaṃ smara krato smara kṛtaṃ smara

bhāṣyam
athedānīṃ mama mariṣyato vāyuḥ prāṇaḥ adhyātmaparicchedaṃ hitvā adhidaivatātmānaṃ sarvātmakam anilam amṛtaṃ sūtrātmānaṃ pratipadyatāmiti vākyaśeṣaḥ / liṅgaṃ cedaṃ jñānakarmasaṃskṛtamutkrāmatviti draṣṭavyam, mārgayācanasāmarthyāt / atha idaṃ śarīramagnau hutaṃ bhasmāntaṃ bhasmāvaśeṣaṃ bhūyāt / omiti yathopāsanam oṃpratīkātmakatvātsatyātmakamagnyākhyaṃ brahmābhedenocyate / he krato saṅkalpātmaka smara yanmama smartavyaṃ tasya kālo'yaṃ pratyupasthitaḥ, ataḥ smara etāvantaṃ kālaṃ bhāvitaṃ kṛtam agne smara yanmayā bālyaprabhṛtyanuṣṭhitaṃ karma tacca smara / krato smara kṛtaṃ smara iti punarvacanamādarārtham //
punaranyena mantreṇa mārgaṃ yācate —
agne naya supathā rāye asmānviśvāni deva vayunāni vidvān /
yuyodhyasmajjuhurāṇameno bhūyiṣṭhāṃ te namauktiṃ vidhema

bhāṣyam
he agne naya gamaya supathā śobhanena mārgeṇa / supatheti viśeṣaṇaṃ dakṣiṇamārganivṛttyartham / nirviṇṇo'haṃ dakṣiṇena mārgeṇa gatāgatalakṣaṇena ; ato yāce tvāṃ punaḥ punaḥ gamanāgamanavarjitena śobhanena pathā naya / rāye dhanāya, karmaphalabhogāyetyarthaḥ / asmān yathoktadharmaphalaviśiṣṭān viśvāni sarvāṇi he deva vayunāni karmāṇi, prajñānāni vā vidvān jānan / kiñca, yuyodhi viyojaya vināśaya asmat asmattaḥ juhurāṇaṃ kuṭilaṃ vañcanātmakam enaḥ pāpam / tato vayaṃ viśuddhāḥ santaḥ iṣṭaṃ prāpsyāma ityabhiprāyaḥ / kiṃtu vayamidānīṃ te na śaknumaḥ paricaryāṃ kartum ; bhūyiṣṭhāṃ bahutarāṃ te tubhyaṃ namauktiṃ namaskāravacanaṃ vidhema namaskāreṇa paricarema ityarthaḥ //
‘avidyayā mṛtyuṃ tīrtvā vidyayāmṛtamaśnute’ (ī. u. ११) ‘vināśena mṛtyuṃ tīrtvā asambhūtyāmṛtamaśnute’ (ī. u. १४) iti śrutvā kecitsaṃśayaṃ kurvanti / atastannirdhāraṇārthaṃ saṅkṣepato vicāraṇāṃ kariṣyāmaḥ / tatra tāvatkiṃnimittaḥ saṃśaya iti, ucyate — vidyāśabdena mukhyā paramātmavidyaiva kasmānna gṛhyate, amṛtatvaṃ ca ? nanūktāyāḥ paramātmavidyāyāḥ karmaṇaśca virodhātsamuccayānupapattiḥ / satyam / virodhastu nāvagamyate, virodhāvirodhayoḥ śāstrapramāṇakatvāt ; yathā avidyānuṣṭhānaṃ vidyopāsanaṃ ca śāstrapramāṇakam, tathā tadvirodhāvirodhāvapi / yathā ca ‘na hiṃsyātsarvā bhūtāni’ iti śāstrādavagataṃ punaḥ śāstreṇaiva bādhyate ‘adhvare paśuṃ hiṃsyāt’ iti, evaṃ vidyāvidyayorapi syāt ; vidyākarmaṇośca samuccayaḥ / na ; ‘dūramete viparīte viṣūcī avidyā yā ca vidyeti jñātā’ iti śruteḥ / ‘vidyāṃ cāvidyāṃ ca’ iti vacanādavirodha iti cet, na ; hetusvarūpaphalavirodhāt / vidyāvidyāvirodhāvirodhayorvikalpāsambhavāt samuccayavidhānādavirodha eveti cet, na ; sahasambhavānupapatteḥ / krameṇaikāśraye syātāṃ vidyāvidye iti cet, na ; vidyotpattau tadāśraye'vidyānupapatteḥ ; na hi agniruṣṇaḥ prakāśaśca iti vijñānotpattau yasminnāśraye tadutpannam, tasminnevāśraye śīto'gniraprakāśo vā ityavidyāyā utpattiḥ / nāpi saṃśayaḥ ajñānaṃ vā, ‘yasminsarvāṇi bhūtāni ātmaivābhūdvijānataḥ / tatra ko mohaḥ kaḥ śoka ekatvamanupaśyataḥ’ (ī. u. ७) iti śokamohādyasambhavaśruteḥ / avidyāsambhavāttadupādānasya karmaṇo'pyanupapattimavocāma / ‘amṛtamaśnute’ ityāpekṣikamamṛtam ; vidyāśabdena paramātmavidyāgrahaṇe ‘hiraṇmayena’ (ī. u. १५) ityādinā dvāramārgayācanamanupapannaṃ syāt / tasmāt yathāvyākhyāta eva mantrāṇāmartha ityuparamyate //