Bhagavadgītā-4comm with the commentaries · Chapter 120

baladevaḥ : idam iti | gurūpāsanayedaṃ vakṣyamāṇaṃ jñānam upāśritya prāpya janāḥ sarveśasya mama nityāvirbhūta-guṇāṣṭakasya sādharmyaṃ sādhanāvirbhāvitena tad-aṣṭakena sāmyam āgatāḥ santaḥ sarge nopajāyante sṛji-karmatāṃ nāpnuvanti pralaye na vyathante mṛti-karmatāṃ ca na yāntīti janma-mṛtyubhyāṃ rahitā muktā bhavantīti mokṣe jīva-bahutvam uktam | tad viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padaṃ sadā paśyanti sūrayaḥ ity ādi-śrutibhyaś caitad avagatam

BhG 14.3
mama yonir mahad brahma tasmin garbhaṃ dadhāmy aham |
saṃbhavaḥ sarva-bhūtānāṃ tato bhavati bhārata

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ praśaṃsayā śrotāram abhimukhīkṛtyedaṃ parameśvarādhīnayoḥ prakṛti-puruṣayoḥ sarva-bhūtotpattiṃ prati hetutvaṃ na tu svatantrayor itīmaṃ vivakṣitam arthaṃ kathayati mameti | deśataḥ kālataś cāparicchinnatvān mahat | bṛṃhitatvāt svakāryāṇāṃ vṛddhi-hetutvād vā brahma | prakṛtir ity arthaḥ | tan mahad brahma mama parameśvarasya yonir garbhādhāna-sthānam | tasminn ahaṃ garbhaṃ jagad-vistāra-hetuṃ cid-ābhāsaṃ dadhāmi nikṣipāmi | pralaye mayi līnaṃ santam avidyā-kāma-karmānuśaya-vantaṃ kṣetrajñaṃ sṛṣṭi-samaye
bhoga-yogyena kṣetreṇa saṃyojayāmīty arthaḥ | tato garbhādhānāt sarva-bhūtānāṃ brahmādīnāṃ sambhava utpattir bhavati

madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ praśaṃśayā śrotāram abhimukhīkṛtya parameśvarādhīnayoḥ prakṛti-puruṣayoḥ sarva-bhūtotpattiṃ prati hetutvaṃ na tu sāṅkhya-siddhāntavat svatantrayor itīmaṃ vivakṣitam artham āha mama yonir iti dvābhyām |
sarva-kāryāpekṣayādhikatvāt kāraṇaṃ mahat | sarva-kāryāṇāṃ vṛddhi-hetutva-rūpād bṛṃhaṇatvād brahma | avyākṛtaṃ prakṛtis triguṇātmkikā māyā mahad brahma | tac ca mameśvarasya yonir garbhādhāna-sthānaṃ tasmin mahati brahmaṇi yonau garbhaṃ sarva-bhūta-janma-kāraṇam ahaṃ bahu syāṃ prajāyeya itīkṣaṇa-rūpaṃ saṃkalpaṃ dadhāmi dhārayāmi tat-saṅkalpa-viṣayīkaromīty arthaḥ | yathā hi | kaścit pitā putram anuśayinaṃ vrīhy-ādy-āhāra-rūpeṇa svasmin līnaṃ śarīreṇa yojayituṃ yonau retaḥ-seka-pūrvakaṃ garbham ādhatte | tasmāc ca garbhādhānāt sa putraḥ śarīreṇa yujyate | tad arthaṃ
ca madhye kalalādy-avasthā bhavanti | tathā pralaye mayi līnam avidiyā-kāma-karmānuśayavantaṃ kṣetrajñaṃ sṛṣṭi-samaye bhogyena kṣetreṇa kārya-kāraī̀ea-saṃghātena yojayituṃ cid-ābhāsaākhya-retaḥ-seka-pūrvakaṃ māyā-vṛtti-rūpaṃ garbham aham ādadhāmi | tad-arthaṃ hiraṇyagarbhādīnāṃ bhavati he bhārata na tv īśvara-kṛta-garbhādhānaṃ vinety arthaḥ ||14.3||
viśvanāthaḥ : atha anādy-avidyā-kṛtasya guṇa-saṅgasya bandha-hetutā-prakāraṃ vaktuṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajñayoḥ sambhava-prakāram āha mama parameśvarasya yonir garbhādhāna-sthānaṃ mahad brahma deśa-kālānavacchinnatvāt mahat, bṛṃhaṇāt kārya-rūpeṇa vṛddher hetor brahma prakṛtir ity arthaḥ | śrutāv api kvacit prakṛtir brahmeti nirdiśyate | tasminn ahaṃ garbhaṃ dadhāmy ādadhāmi | itas tv anyāṃ prakṛtiṃ viddhi me parāṃ jīva-bhūtām ity anena cetana-puñja-rūpā yā jīva-prakṛtis taṭastha-śakti-rūpā nirdiṣṭā sā sakala-prāṇi-jīvatayā garbha-śabdenocyate | tato mat-kṛtāt garbhādhānāt sarva-bhūtānāṃ brahmādīnāṃ sambhava utpattiḥ

baladevaḥ : tad evaṃ vaktavyārtha-stutyā tasmin ruciṃ śrotur utpādya bhūmir āpaḥ ity ādi-dvayārthānusārāt yāvat sañjāyate kiñcit ity ādau prakṛti-jīva-saṃyogaṃ pareśa-hetukam abhimatam iha sphuṭayati mameti | mahat sarvasya prapañcasya kāraṇaṃ brahmābhivyakta-sattvādi-guṇakaṃ pradhānaṃ mama sarveśvarsyāṇḍa-koṭi-sraṣṭur yonir garbha-dhāraṇa-sthānaṃ bhavati | pradhāne brahma-śabdaś ca tasmād etad brahma nāma-rūpam annaṃ ca jāyate | iti śruteḥ | tasmin mahati brahmaṇi yoni-bhūte garbhaṃ paramāṇu-caitanya-rāśim ahaṃ dadhāmy arpayāmi bhūmir āpaḥ ity ādinā yā jaḍā prakṛtir uktā | seha mahad brahmety ucyate | itas tv anyām ity ādinā yā cetanā prakṛtir uktā seha
sarva-prāṇi-bījatvād garbha-śabdeneti bhoga-kṣetra-bhūtayā jaḍayā prakṛtyā saha cetana-bhoktṛ-vargaṃ saṃyojayāmīty arthaḥ | tato mahad-dhetukāt prakṛti-dvaya-saṃyogād garbhādhānād vā sarva-bhūtānāṃ brahmādi-stambāntānāṃ sambhavo janir bhavati

BhG 14.4
sarva-yoniṣu kaunteya mūrtayaḥ saṃbhavanti yāḥ |
tāsāṃ brahma mahad yonir ahaṃ bīja-pradaḥ pitā

śrīdharaḥ : na kevalaṃ sṛṣṭy-upakrama eva mad-adhiṣṭhānenābhyāṃ prakṛti-puruṣābhyām ayaṃ bhūtotpatti-prakāraḥ | api tu sarvadaivety āha sarveti | sarvāsu yoniṣu manuṣyādyāsu yā mūrtayaḥ sthāvara-jaṅgamātmikā utpadyante tāsāṃ mūrtīnāṃ mahad brahma prakṛtir yonir mātṛ-sthānīyā | ahaṃ ca bīja-pradaḥ pitā garbhādhāna-kartā pitā

madhusūdanaḥ : nanu kathaṃ sarva-bhūtānāṃ tataḥ sambhavo devādi-deha-viśeṣāṇāṃ kāraṇāntara-sambhavād ity āśaṅkyāha sarva-yoniṣv iti | deva-pitṛ-manuṣya-paśu-mṛgādi-sarva-yoniṣu yā mūrtayo jarāyujāṇḍodbhijjādi-bhedena vilakṣaṇā vividha-saṃsthānās tanavaḥ saṃbhavanti he kaunteya! tāsāṃ mūrtīnāṃ tat-tat-kāraṇa-bhāvāpannaṃ mahad brahmaiva yonir mātṛ-sthānīyā | ahaṃ parameśvaro bīja-prado garbhādhānasya kartā pitā | tena mahato brahmaṇa evāvasthā-viśeṣāḥ kāraṇāntarāṇīti yuktam uktaṃ sambhavaḥ sarva-bhūtānāṃ tato bhavati [Gītā 14.3] iti

viśvanāthaḥ : na kevalaṃ sṛṣṭy-utpatti-samaya eva sarva-bhūtānāṃ prakṛtir mātā ahaṃ pitā api tu sarvadaivety āha sarvāsu yoniṣu devādyāsu stamba-paryantāsu yā mūrtayo jaṅgama-sthāvarātmikā utpadyante tāsāṃ mūrtīnāṃ mahad brahma prakṛtiḥ | yonir utpatti-sthānaṃ mātā | ahaṃ bīja-pradaḥ garbhādhāna-kartā pitā

baladevaḥ : sarveti | he kaunteya sarva-yoniṣu devādi-sthāvarāntāsu yoniṣu yā mūrtayas tanavaḥ sambhavanti tāsāṃ mahad brahma pradhānaṃ yonir utpatti-hetur mātety arthaḥ | jīva-pradas tat-karmānuguṇyena paramāṇu-caitanya-rāśi-saṃyojakaḥ pareśo 'haṃ pitā bhavāmi

BhG 14.5
sattvaṃ rajas tama iti guṇāḥ prakṛti-saṃbhavāḥ |
nibadhnanti mahā-bāho dehe dehinam avyayam

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ parameśvarādhīnābhyāṃ prakṛti-puruṣābhyāṃ sarva-bhūtotpattiṃ nirūpyedānīṃ prakṛti-saṃyogena puruṣasya saṃsāraṃ prapañcayati | sattvam ity ādi caturdaśabhiḥ | sattvaṃ rajas tama ity evaṃ saṃjñakās trayo guṇāḥ prakṛti-sambhavāḥ | prakṛteḥ sambhava udbhavo yeṣāṃ te tathoktāḥ | gūna-sāmyaṃ prakṛtiḥ | tasyāḥ sakāśāt pṛthaktveābhivyaktāḥ santaḥ prakṛti-kārye dehe tādātmyena sthitaṃ dehinaṃ cid-aṃśaṃ vastuto 'vyayaṃ nirvikāram eva santaṃ
nibadhnanti sva-kāryaiḥ sukha-duḥkha-mohādibhiḥ saṃyojayantīty arthaḥ

madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ nirīśvara-sāṅkhya-nirākaraṇena kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogasyeśvarādhīnatvam uktam | idānīṃ kasmin guṇe saṅgaḥ ? ke vā guṇāḥ ? kathaṃ vā te badhnanti ? ity ucyate sattvam ity ādinānyam ity ataḥ prāk caturdaśabhiḥ | sattvaṃ rajas tama ity evaṃ-nāmāno guṇā nitya-paratantrāḥ puruṣaṃ prati sarveṣām acetanānāṃ cetanārthatvāt | na tu vaiśeṣikāṇāṃ rūpādivad dravyāśritāḥ | na ca guṇa-guṇinor anyatvam atra vivakṣitam guṇa-trayātmakatvāt prakṛteḥ | tarhi kathaṃ prakṛti-sambhavāḥ ? ity ucyate - trayāṇāṃ guṇānāṃ
sāmyāvasthā prakṛtir māyā bhagavats tasyāḥ sakāśāt parasparāṅgāṅgi-bhāvena vaiṣamyeṇa pariṇatāḥ prakṛti-sambhavā ity ucyante | te ca dehe prakṛti-kārye śarīrendriya-saṃghāte dehinaṃ deha-tādātmyādhyāsāpannaṃ jīvaṃ paramārthataḥ sarva-vikāra-śūnyatvenāvyayaṃ nibadhnanti nirvikāram eva santaṃ sva-vikāravattayopadarśayantīva bhrāntyā jala-pātrāṇīva divi sthitam ādityaṃ pratibimbādhyāsena sva-kampādimattayā | yathā ca pāramarthiko bandho nāsti tathā vyākhyātaṃ prāk - śarīrastho 'pi kaunteya na karoti na lipyate [Gītā 13.32] iti

viśvanāthaḥ : tad eva prakṛti-puruṣābhyāṃ sarva-bhūtotpattiṃ nirūpeydānīṃ ke guṇā ucyante | teṣu saṅgāt jīvasya kīdṛśo bandha ity apekṣāyām āha sattvam iti | dehe prakṛti-kārye tādātmyena sthitaṃ dehinaṃ jīvaṃ vastuto 'vyayaṃ nirvikāram asaṅginam apy anādy-avidyayā kṛtād guṇa-saṅgād eva hetor guṇā nibadhnanti

baladevaḥ : atha ke guṇāḥ kathaṃ teṣu puruṣasya saṅgaḥ kathaṃ vā te taṃ nibadhnanti ity āha sattvam iti caturbhiḥ | sattvādi-saṃjñakās trayo guṇāḥ prakṛti-sambhavāḥ prakṛter abhivyaktās te sva-kārye dehe sthitaṃ puruṣam avyayaṃ vastuto nirvikāram api nibadhnanty aviveka-gṛhītaiḥ sukha-duḥkha-mohaiḥ svadharmais taṃ yojayantīti

BhG 14.6
tatra sattvaṃ nirmalatvāt prakāśakam anāmayam |
sukha-saṅgena badhnāti jñāna-saṅgena cānagha

śrīdharaḥ : tatra sattvasya bandhakatva-prakāraṃ cāha tatreti | tatra teṣāṃ guṇānāṃ madhye sattvaṃ nirmalatvāt svacchatvāt sphaṭika-maṇir iva prakāśakaṃ bhāsvaram anāmayaṃ ca nirupadravam | śāntam ity arthaḥ | ataḥ śāntatvāt sva-kāryeṇa sukhena yaḥ saṅgas tena badhnāti | prakāśakatvāc ca svakāryeṇa jñānena yaḥ saṅgas tena ca badhnāti | he anagha niṣpāpa, ahaṃ sukhī jñānī ceti manodharmāṃs tad-abhimānini kṣetrajñe saṃyojayatīty arthaḥ

madhusūdanaḥ : tatra ko guṇaḥ kena saṅgena badhnāti ? ity ucyate tatreti | tatra teṣu guṇeṣu madhye sattvaṃ prakāśakam caitanyasya tamo-guṇa-kṛtāvaraṇa-tirodhāyakaṃ
nirmalatvāt svacchatvāc cid-bimba-grahaṇa-yogyatvād iti yāvat | na kevalaṃ caitanyābhivyañjakaṃ kintu anāmayaṃ | āmayo duḥkhaṃ tad-virodhi sukhasyāpi vyañjakam ity arthaḥ | tad badhnāti sukha-saṅgena ca dehinaṃ ! he anagha avyasana ! sarvatra sambodhanānām abhiprāyaḥ prāg uktaḥ smartavyaḥ | atra sukha-jñāna-śabdābhyām antaḥ-karaṇa-pariṇāmau tad-vyañjakāv ucyete | icchā dveṣaḥ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ saṃghātaś cetanā dhṛtiḥ [Gītā 13.7] iti sukha-cetanayor apīcchādivat kṣetra-dharmatvena pāṭhāt | tatrāntaḥ-karaṇa-dharmasya sukhasya jñānasya cātmany adhyāsaḥ saṅgo 'haṃ jāna iti ca | na hi
viṣaya-dharmo viṣayiṇo bhavati | tasmād avidyā-mātram etad iti śataśa uktaṃ prāk

viśvanāthaḥ : tatra sattvasya lakṣaṇaṃ bandhakatva-prakāraṃ cāha tatreti | anāmayaṃ nirupadravaṃ śāntam ity arthaḥ | | śāntatvāt svakāryeṇa sukhena yaḥ saṅgaḥ prakāśakatvāt svakāryeṇa jñānena ca yaḥ saṅgaḥ ahaṃ sukhī jñānī cety upādhi-dharmayor avidyayaiva jīvasyābhimānas tena taṃ badhnāti | he anagheti tvaṃ tu ahaṃ sukhī ahaṃ jñānīty abhimāna-lakṣaṇam aghaṃ mā svīkur iti bhāvaḥ

baladevaḥ : atha sattvādīnāṃ trayāṇāṃ lakṣaṇāni bandhakatva-prakārāṃś cāha tatreti tribhiḥ | tatra teṣu triṣu madhye prakāśakaṃ jñāna-vyañjakam anāmayam arogaṃ duḥkha-virodhi-sukha-vyañjakam iti yāvat | kutaḥ | nirmalatvāt svacchatvāt | tathā ca prakāśa-sukha-kāraṇaṃ sattvam iti | tac ca sattvaṃ sva-kārye jñāne sukhe ca yaḥ saṃyogo jñāny ahaṃ sukhy aham ity abhimānas tena puruṣaṃ nibadhnāti | jñānaṃ cedaṃ laukika-vastu -yāthātmya-viṣayaṃ sukhaṃ ca dehendriya-prasada-rūpaṃ bodhyam | tatra tatra saṅge sati tad-upāyeṣu karmasu pravṛttis
tat-phalānubhavopāyeṣu deheṣūtpattiḥ | punaś ca tatra tatra saṅga iti na sattvād vimuktiḥ

BhG 14.7
rajo rāgātmakaṃ viddhi tṛṣṇāsaṅga-samudbhavam |
tan nibadhnāti kaunteya karma-saṅgena dehinam

śrīdharaḥ : rajaso lakṣaṇaṃ bandhakatvaṃ cāha raja iti | rajaḥ-saṃjñakaṃ guṇaṃ rāgātmakam anurañjana-rūpaṃ viddhi | ataeva tṛṣṇāsaṅga-samudbhavam | tṛṣṇāprāpter 'rthe 'bhilāṣaḥ | sagagaḥ prāPte 'rthe prītir viśeṣeṇāsaktiḥ | tayos tṛṣṇāsaṅgayoḥ samudbhavo yasmāt tad-rajo dehinaṃ dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārtheṣu karmasu saṅgenāsaktyā nitarāṃ badhnāti | tṛṣṇāsaṅgābhyāṃ hi karmasu āsaktir bhavatīty arthaḥ

madhusūdanaḥ : rajyate viṣayeṣu puruṣo 'neneti rāgaḥ kāmo gardhaḥ sa evātmā svarūpaṃ yasya dharma-dharmitṇos tādātmyāt tad rāgātmakaṃ rajo viddhi | ata evāprāptābhilāṣas tṛṣṇā | prāptasyopasthite 'pi vināśe saṃrakṣaṇābhilāṣa āsaṅgas tayos tṛṣṇāsaṅgayoḥ sambhavo yasmāt tad rajo nibadhnāti | he kaunteya ! karma-saṅgena karmasu dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārtheṣu aham ikdaṃ karomy etat phalaṃ bhokṣya ity abhiniveśa-viśeṣeṇa dehinaṃ vastuto 'kartāram eva kartṛtvābhimāninaṃ rajasaḥ pravṛtti-hetutvāt

viśvanāthaḥ : rajo-guṇaṃ rāgātmakam anurañjana-rūpaṃ viddhi | tṛṣṇā aprāpte 'rthe abhilāṣaḥ | saṅgaḥ prāpte 'rthe āsaktiḥ | tayoḥ samudbhavo yasmāt tad rajaḥ dehinaṃ dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārtheṣu karmasu saṅgenāsaktyā badhnāti tṛṣṇā-saṅgābhyāṃ karmasv āsaktir bhavati

baladevaḥ : raja iti rāgaḥ strī-puruṣayor mitho 'bhilāsas tad-ātmakaṃ rajo-vṛddhi-hetu-kāryayos tādātmyāt | tac ca tṛṣṇādi-samudbhavaṃ śabdādi-viṣayābhilāṣas tṛṣṇā | putra-mitrādi-saṃyogo 'bhilāṣaḥ saṅgas tayoḥ sambhavo yasmāt tat | tathā ca rāga-tṛṣṇāsaṅga-kāraṇaṃ rajaḥ iti | tad rajaḥ strī-viṣaya-putrādi-prāpakeṣu karmasu saṅgenābhilāṣeṇa dehinaṃ puruṣaṃ nibadhnāti | stry-ādi-spṛhayā karmāṇi karoti | tāni tat-phalānubhavopāya-bhūtān stry-ādīn prāpayanti | punar apy evam iti rajaso na vimuktiḥ

BhG 14.8
tamas tv ajñāna-jaṃ viddhi mohanaṃ sarva-dehinām |
pramādālasya-nidrābhis tan nibadhnāti bhārata

śrīdharaḥ : tamaso lakṣaṇaṃ bandhakatvaṃ cāha tama iti | tamas tv ajñānāj jātam āvaraṇa-śakti-pradhānāt prakṛty-aṃśād udbhutaṃ viddhīty arthaḥ | ataḥ sarveṣāṃ dehināṃ mohanaṃ bhrānti-janakam | ataeva pramādenālasyena nidrayā ca tat tamo dehinaṃ nibadhnāti | tatra pramādo 'navadhānam | ālasyam anudyamaḥ | nidrā cittasyāvasādāl layaḥ

madhusūdanaḥ : tu-śabdaḥ sattva-rajopekṣayā viśeṣa-dyotanārthaḥ | ajñānād āvaraṇa-śakti-rūpād udbhūtam ajñāna-jaṃ tamo viddhi | ataḥ sarveṣāṃ dehināṃ mohanam aviveka-rūpatvena bhrānti-janakam | pramādenālasyena nidrayā ca tat tamo nibadhnāti | dehinam ity anuṣajyate | he bhārata | pramādo vastu-vivekāsāmarthyaṃ sattva-kārya-prakāśa-virodhī | ālasyaṃ pravṛtty-asāmarthyaṃ rajaḥ-kārya-pravṛtti-virodhi | ubhaya-virodhinī tamo-guṇālambanā vṛttir nidreti vivekaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : ajñānam ajñānāt svīya-phalāt jātaṃ pratītam anumitaṃ bhavatīty ajñānajam ajñāna-janakam ity arthaḥ | mohanaṃ bhrānti-janakam | pramādo 'navadhānam | ālasyam anudyamaḥ | nidrā cittasyāvasādāl layaḥ

baladevaḥ : tamas tv iti | tu-śabdaḥ pūrva-dvitīyād viśeṣa-dyotakaḥ | vastu-yāthātmyāvagamo jñānaṃ tad-virodhy-āvarakatā-pradhānaṃ prakṛty-aṃśo 'jñānam | tasmāj jātaṃ tamo ætaḥ sarva-dehināṃ mohanaṃ viparyaya-jñāna-janakam | tathā ca vastu-yāthātmya-jñānāvarakaṃ viparyaya-jñāna-janakaṃ tamaḥ iti | tat tamaḥ pramādādibhiḥ svakāryaiḥ puruṣaṃ nibadhnāti | tatra pramādo 'navadhānam akārye karmaṇi pravṛtti-rūpaṃ sattva-kārya-prakāśa-virodhī | ālasyam anudyamaḥ, rajaḥ-kārya-pravṛtti-virodhi | tad-ubhaya-virodhinī tu nidrā cittasyāvasādātmeti

BhG 14.9
sattvaṃ sukhe saṃjayati rajaḥ karmaṇi bhārata |
jñānam āvṛtya tu tamaḥ pramāde saṃjayaty uta

śrīdharaḥ : sattvādīnām evaṃ sva-sva-kārya-karaṇe sāmarthyātiśayam āha sattvam iti | sattvaṃ sukhe sañjayati saṃśleṣayati | duḥkha-śokādi-kāraṇe sabhāpi sukhābhimukham eva dehinaṃ karotiīty arthaḥ | evaṃ sukhādi-kāraṇe saty api rajaḥ karmaṇy eva sañjayati | tamas tu mahat-saṅgena utpādyamānam api jñānam āvṛtyaācchādya pramāde sañjayati | mahadbhir upadiśyamānasyārthasyānavadhāne yojayati utāpi | ālasyādāv api saṃyojayatīty arthaḥ

madhusūdanaḥ :
viśvanāthaḥ : uktam evārthaṃ saṅkṣepeṇa punar darśayati | sattvaṃ kartṛ sukhe svīya-phale āsaktaṃ jīvaṃ sañjayati vaśīkaroti nibadhnātīty arthaḥ | rajaḥ kartṛ karmāṇi āsaktaṃ jīvaṃ badhnāti | tamaḥ kartṛ pramāde 'bhirataṃ taṃ jñānam āvṛtya ajñānam utpādyety arthaḥ

baladevaḥ : guṇāḥ svāny advayotkṛṣṭāḥ santaḥ svakārye tanvantīty āha sattvam iti dvābhyām | sattvam utkṛṣṭaṃ sat sva-kārye sukhe puruṣaṃ sañjayaty āsaktaṃ karoti | rajo utkṛṣṭaṃ sat karmāṇi taṃ sañjayati | tama utkṛṣṭaṃ sat pramāde taṃ sañjayati jñānam āvṛtyācchādyājñānam utpādyety arthaḥ

BhG 14.10
rajas tamaś cābhibhūya sattvaṃ bhavati bhārata |
rajaḥ sattvaṃ tamaś caiva tamaḥ sattvaṃ rajas tathā

śrīdharaḥ : tatra hetum āha raja iti | rajas-tamaś ceti guṇa-dvayam abhibhūya tiraskṛtya sattvaṃ bhavati | adṛṣṭa-vaśād udbhavati | tataḥ svakārye sukha-jñānādau sañjayatīty arthaḥ | evaṃ rajo 'pi sattvaṃ tamaś ceti guṇa-dvayam abhibhūyodbhavati | tataḥ svakārye tṛṣṇākarmādau sañjayati | evaṃ tamo 'pi sattvaṃ rajaś cobhāv api guṇāv abhibhūyodbhavati | tataś ca sva-kārye pramādālasyādau sañjayatīty arthaḥ

madhusūdanaḥ : uktaṃ kāryaṃ kadā kurvanti guṇāḥ ? ity ucyate raja iti | rajas tamaś ca yugapad ubhāv api guṇāv abhibhūya sattvaṃ bhavati udbhavati vardhate yadā, tadā sva-kāryaṃ prāg-uktam asādhāraṇyena karotīti śeṣaḥ | evaṃ rajo 'pi sattvaṃ tamaś ceti guṇa-dvayam abhibhūyodbhavati yadā, tadā sva-kāryam prāg-uktaṃ karoti | tathā tadvad eva tamo 'pi sattvaṃ rajaś cety ubhāv api guṇāv abhibhūyodbhavati yadā, tadā sva-kāryam prāg-uktaṃ karotīty arthaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : uktaṃ sva-sva-kāryaṃ sukhādikaṃ prati guṇāḥ kathaṃ prabhavantīty apekṣāyām āha rajas tamaś ceti guṇa-dvayam abhibhūya tiraskṛtya sattvaṃ bhavati adṛṣṭa-vaśād udbhavati | evaṃ rajo 'pi sattvaṃ tamaś ceti guṇa-dvayābhibhūya tādṛśādṛṣṭa-vaśād udbhavati | tamo 'pi sattvaṃ rajaś cobhāv api guṇāv abhibhūyodbhavati

baladevaḥ : sameṣu triṣu katham akasmād ekasyotkarṣa iti cet prācīna-tādṛśa-karmodayāt tādṛśāhārāc ca svabhavatīti bhavavān āha raja iti | sattvaṃ kartṛ rajas tamaś cābhibhūyo tiraskṛtyotkṛṣṭaṃ bhavati | rajaḥ kartṛ sattvaṃ tamaś cābhibhūyotkṛṣṭaṃ bhavati | tamaḥ kartṛ sattvaṃ rajaś cābhibhūyotkṛṣṭaṃ bhavati | yadotkṛṣṭaṃ bhavati, tadā pūrvoktam asādhāraṇaṃ kāryaṃ karotīti śeṣaḥ

BhG 14.11
sarva-dvāreṣu dehe 'smin prakāśa upajāyate |
jñānaṃ yadā tadā vidyād vivṛddhaṃ sattvam ity uta

śrīdharaḥ : idānīṃ sattvādīnāṃ vivṛddhānāṃ liṅgāny āha sarva-dvāreṣv iti tribhiḥ | asminn ātmano bhogāyatane dehe sarveṣv api dvāreṣu śrotrādiṣu yadā śabdādi-jñānātmakaḥ prakāśa upajāyate utpadyate tadānena prakāśaliṅgena sattvaṃ vivṛddhaṃ vidyāj jānīyāt | uta śabdāt sukhādi-liṅgenāpi jānīyād ity uktam

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīm udbhūtānāṃ teṣāṃ liṅgāny āha tribhiḥ sarva-dvāreṣv iti | asminn ātmano bhogāyatane dehe sarveṣv api dvāreṣūpalabdhi-sādhaneṣu śrotrādi-karaṇeṣu yadā prakāśo buddhi-pariṇāma-viśeṣo viṣayākāraḥ sva-viṣayāvaraṇa-virodhī dīpavat, tad eva jñānaṃ śabdādi-viṣaya upajāyate tadānena śabdādi-viṣaya-jñānākhya-prakāśena liṅgena prakāśātmakaṃ sattvaṃ vivṛddham udbhūtam iti vidyāj jānīyāt | utāpi sukhādi-liṅgenāpi jānīyād ity arthaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : vardhamāno guṇa eva svāpekṣayā kṣīṇāv itarau guṇāv abhivaatīty uktam | atas teṣāṃ vṛddhi-liṅgāny āha sarveti tribhiḥ | sarva-dvāreṣu śrotrādiṣu yadā prakāśaḥ syāt | kīdṛśaḥ | jñānaṃ vaidika-śabdādi-yathārtha-jñānātmakaṃ tadā tādṛśa-jñāna-liṅgenaiva sattvaṃ vivṛddham iti jānīyāt | ut-śabdād ātmottha-sukhāṭtmakaḥ prakāśaś ca yadeti

baladevaḥ : utkṛṣṭānāṃ sattvādīnāṃ liṅgāny āha sarveti tribhiḥ | yadā sarveṣu jñāna-dvāreṣu śrotrādiṣu śabdādi-yāthātmya-prakāśa-rūpṃ jñānam upajāyate | tadā tādṛśa-jñāna-liṅgenāsmin dehe sattvaṃ vivṛddhaṃ vidyāt | utety apy arthe | sukha-liṅgenāpi tad vidyād ity arthaḥ

BhG 14.12
lobhaḥ pravṛttir ārambhaḥ karmaṇām aśamaḥ spṛhā |
rajasy etāni jāyante vivṛddhe bharatarṣabha

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca lobha iti | lobho dhanādy-āgame jāyamāne 'pi punaḥ punar vardhamāno 'bhilāṣaḥ | pravṛttir nityaṃ kurvad-rūpatā | karmaṇām ārambho mahā-gṛhādi-nirmāṇodyamaḥ | aśama idaṃ kṛtvā idaṃ kariṣyāmi ity ādi saṅkalpa-vikalpānuparamaḥ | spṛhā uccāvaceṣu dṛṣṭa-mātreṣu vastuṣu itas tato jighṛkṣā | rajasi vivṛddhe saty etāni liṅgāni jāyante | etais tamaso vivṛddhir jāānīyād ity arthaḥ

madhusūdanaḥ : mahati dhanāgame jāyamāne 'py anukṣaṇaṃ vardhamānas tad-abhilāṣo lobhaḥ sva-viṣaya-prāpsya-nivartya icchā-viśeṣa iti yāvat | pravṛttir nirantaraṃ prayata-mānasā | ārambhaḥ karmaṇāṃ bahu-vitta-vyayāyāsa-karāṇāṃ kāmya-niṣiddha-laukika-mahā-gṛhādi-viṣayāṇāṃ vyāpārāṇām udyamaḥ | aśama idaṃ kṛtvedaṃ kariṣyāmīti saṅkalpa-pravāhānuparamaḥ | spṛhoccāvaceṣu para-dhaneṣu dṛṣṭa-mātreṣu yena kenāpy upāyenopāditsā | rajasi rāgātmake vivṛddha etāni rāgātmakāni liṅgāni jāyante | he bharatarṣabha ! etair liṅgair vivṛddhaṃ
rajo jānīyād ity arthaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : pravṛttir nānā prayatna-paratā karmaṇām ārambho gṛhādi-nirmāṇodyamaḥ | aśamo viṣaya-bhogānuparatiḥ

baladevaḥ : lobhaḥ sva-dravyātyāga-paratā | pravṛttis tad-vṛddhi-yatnaa-paratā | karmaṇāṃ gṛha-nirmāṇādīnām ārambhaḥ | aśamo viṣaya-bhogād indriyāṇām anuparatiḥ | spṛhā viṣaya-lipsā | etair liṅgai rajo vivṛddhaṃ vidyāt

BhG 14.13
aprakāśo 'pravṛttiś ca pramādo moha eva ca |
tamasy etāni jāyante vivṛddhe kuru-nandana

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca aprakāśa iti | aprakāśo viveka-bhraṃśaḥ | apravṛttir anudyamaḥ | pramādaḥ kartavyārthānusandhāna-rāhityam | moho mithyābhiniveśaḥ | tamasi vivṛddhe saty etāni liṅgāni jāyante | etais tamaso vivṛddhiṃ jānīyād ity arthaḥ

madhusūdanaḥ : aprakāśaḥ saty apy upadeśādau bodha-kāraṇe sarvathā bodhāyogyatvam | apravṛttiś ca saty apy agnihotraṃ juhuyād ity ādau pravṛtti-kāraṇaṃ janita-bodhe 'pi śāstre sarvathā tat-pravṛtty-ayogyatvam | pramādas tat-kāla-kartavyatvena prāptasya arthasyānusandhānābhāvaḥ | moha eva ca moho nidrā viparyayo vā | cau samuccaye | eva-kāro vyabhicāra-vāraṇārthaḥ | tamasy eva vivṛddha etāni liṅgāni jāyante he kuru-nandana ! ata etair liṅgair avayabhicāribhir vivṛddhaṃ tamo jānīyād ity arthaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : aprakāśo vivekābhāvaḥ | śāstrāvihita-śabdādi-grahaṇam | apravṛttiḥ prayatna-mātra-rāhityam | pramādaḥ kaṇṭhādi-dhṛte 'pi vastuni nāstīti pratyayaḥ | moho mithyābhiniveśaḥ

baladevaḥ : aprakāśo jñānābhāvaḥ | śāstrāvihita-viṣaya-graha-rūpo 'pravṛttiḥ kriyā-vimukhatā | pramādaḥ karādisthe 'py arthe nāstīti pratyayo moho mithyābhiniveśaḥ | etair liṅgais tamo vivṛdhaṃ vidyāt

BhG 14.14
yadā sattve pravṛddhe tu pralayaṃ yāti deha-bhṛt |
tadottama-vidāṃ lokān amalān pratipadyate

śrīdharaḥ : maraṇa-samaya eva vivṛddhānāṃ sattvādīnāṃ phala-viśeṣam āha yadeti dvābhyām | sattva pravṛddhe sati yadā jīvo mṛtyuṃ prāpnoti tadā uttamān hiraṇyagarbhādīn vidanti upāsata ity uttama-vidaḥ teṣāṃ ye amalāḥ prakāśamayā lokāḥ sukhopabhoga-sthāna-viśeṣās tān pratipadyate prāpnoti

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ maraṇa-samaye vivṛddhānāṃ sattvādīnāṃ phala-viśeṣam āha yadeti dvābhyām | sattve pravṛddhe sati yadā pralayaṃ mṛtyuṃ yāti prāpnoti deha-bhṛd dehābhimānī jīvaḥ, tadottamā ye hiraṇyagarbhādayas tad-vidāṃ tad-upāsakānāṃ lokān deva-sukhopabhoga-sthāna-viśeṣān amalān rajas-tamo-mala-rahitān pratipadyate prāpnoti

viśvanāthaḥ : pralayaṃ yāti mṛtyuṃ prāpnoti | tadā uttamaṃ vindanti labhanta ity uttama-vido hiraṇya-garbhādy-upāsakās teṣāṃ lokān amalān sukha-pradān

baladevaḥ : mṛti-kāle vivṛddhānāṃ guṇānāṃ phala-viśeṣān āha yad eti dvābhyām | sattve pravṛddhe sati yadā deha-bhṛj jīvaḥ pralayaṃ yāti mriyate, tadottama-vidāṃ hiraṇya-garbhādy-upāsakānāṃ lokān divya-bhogopetān pratipadyate labhate | amalān rajas-tamo-mala-hīnān

BhG 14.15
rajasi pralayaṃ gatvā karmasaṅgiṣu jāyate |
tathā pralīnastam asi mūḍha-yoniṣu jāyata

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca rajasīti | rajasi pravṛddhe sati mṛtyuṃ prāpya karmāsakteṣu manuṣyeṣu jāyate | tathā tamasi pravṛddhe sati pralīno mṛto mūḍha-yoniṣu jāyate

madhusūdanaḥ : rajasi pravṛddhe sati pralayaṃ mṛtyuṃ gatvā prāpya karma-saṅgiṣu śruti-smṛti-vihita-pratiṣiddha-karma-phalādhikāriṣu manuṣyeṣu jāyate | tathā tadvad eva tamasi pravṛddhe pralīno mṛto mūḍha-yoniṣu paśv-ādiṣu jāyate

viśvanāthaḥ : karma-saṅgiṣu karmāsakta-manuṣyeṣu

baladevaḥ : rajasi pravṛddhe pralayṃ maraṇaṃ gatvā janaḥ karma-saṅgiṣu kāmya-karmāsakteṣu nṛṣu madhye jāyate | tathā tamasi pravṛddhe pralīno mṛto jano mūḍha-yoniṣu paśv-ādiṣu

BhG 14.16
karmaṇaḥ sukṛtasyāhuḥ sāttvikaṃ nirmalaṃ phalam |
rajasas tu phalaṃ duḥkham ajñānaṃ tamasaḥ phalam

śrīdharaḥ : idānīṃ sattvādīnāṃ svānurūpa karma-dvāreṇa vicitra-phala-hetutvam āha karmaṇa iti | sukṛtasya sāttvikasya karmaṇaḥ sāttvikaṃ sattva-pradhānaṃ nirmalaṃ prakāśa-bahulaṃ sukhaṃ phalam āhuḥ kapilādayaḥ | rajasa iti rājasasya karmaṇa ity arthaḥ | karma-phala-kathanasya prakṛtatvāt | tasya duḥkhaṃ phalam āhuḥ | tamasa iti tāmasasya karmaṇa ity arthaḥ | tasyājñānaṃ mūḍhatvaṃ phalam āhuḥ | sāttvikādi-karma-lakṣaṇaṃ ca niyataṃ saṅga-rahitam ity ādinā aṣṭādaśe 'dhyāye vakṣyati

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ svānurūpa-karma-dvārā sattvādīnāṃ vicitra-phalatāṃ saṃkṣipyāha karmaṇa iti | sukṛtasya sāttvikasya karmaṇo dharmasya sāttvikaṃ sattvena nirvṛttaṃ nirmalaṃ rajas-tamo-malāmiśritaṃ sukhaṃ phalam āhuḥ paramarṣayau | rajaso rājasasya tu karmaṇaḥ pāpa-miśrasya puṇyasya phalaṃ rājasaṃ duḥkhaṃ duḥkha-bahulam alpaṃ sukhaṃ kāraṇānurūpyāt kāryasya | ajñānam aviveka-prāyaṃ duḥkhaṃ tāmasaṃ tamasas tāmasasya karmaṇo 'dharmasya phalam | āhur ity anuṣajyate | sāttvikādi-karma-lakṣaṇaṃ
ca niyataṃ saṅga-rahitam ity ādināṣṭādaśe vakṣyati | atra rajas-tamaḥ-śabdau tat-kārye prayuktau kārya-kāraṇayor abhedopacārāt gobhiḥ śrīṇīta matsaram ity atra yathā go-śabdas tat-prabhave payasi, yathā vā dhānyam asi dhinuhi devān ity atra dhānya-śabdas tat-prabhave taṇḍule | tatra payas taṇḍulayor ivātrāpi karmaṇaḥ prakṛtatvāt

viśvanāthaḥ : sukṛtasya sāttvikasya karmaṇaḥ sāttvikam eva nirmalaṃ nirupadravam | ajñānam acetanatā

baladevaḥ : atha guṇānāṃ svānurūpakarmadvārā vicitra-phala-hjetutvam āha karmaṇa iti | sukṛtasya sāttvikasya karmaṇo nirmalaṃ phalam āhur guṇa-svabhāva-vido munayo mala-duḥkha-moha-rūpa-rajas-tamaḥ-phala-lakṣaṇān nirgataṃ sukham ity arthaḥ | tac ca sāttvikaṃ sattvena nirvṛttam | rajaso rājasasya karmaṇaḥ phalaṃ duḥkhaṃ kāryasya kāraṇānurūpyād duḥkha-pracuraṃ kiñcit sukham ity arthaḥ | tamas tāmasasya karmaṇo hiṃsādeḥ phalam ajñāna-caitanya-prāyaṃ duḥkham evety arthaḥ | tatra rajas-tamah-śabdābhyāṃ rājasa-tāmasa-karmaṇī lakṣye gobhiḥ prīṇita-matsaram
ity atra yathā go-śabdena go-payo lakṣyate | sāttvikādi-karmaṇāṃ lakṣaṇāny aṣṭādaśe vakṣyante niyataṃ saṅga-rahitam ity ādibhiḥ

BhG 14.17
sattvāt saṃjāyate jñānaṃ rajaso lobha eva ca |
pramāda-mohau tamaso bhavato 'jñānam eva ca

śrīdharaḥ : tatraiva hetum āha sattvād iti | sattvāj jñānaṃ sañjāyate | ataḥ sāttvikasya karmaṇaḥ prakāśa-bahulaṃ sukhaṃ phalaṃ bhavati | rajaso lobho jāyate | tasya ca duḥkha-hetutvāt tat-pūrvakasya karmaṇo duḥkhaṃ phalaṃ bhavati | tamasas tu pramāda-mohājñānāni bhavanti | tatas tāmasasya karmaṇo 'jñāna-prāpakaṃ phalaṃ bhavatīti yuktam evety arthaḥ

madhusūdanaḥ : etādṛśa-phala-vaicitrye pūrvoktam eva hetum āha sattvād iti | sarva-karaṇa-dvārakaṃ prakāśa-rūpaṃ jñānaṃ sattvāt saṃjāyate | atas tad-anurūpaṃ sāttvikasya karmaṇaḥ prakāśa-bahulaṃ sukhaṃ phalaṃ bhavati | rajaso lobho viṣaya-koṭi-prāptyāpi nivartayitum aśakyo 'bhilāṣa-viśeṣo jāyate | tasya ca nirantaram upacīyamānasya pūrayitum aśakyasya sarvadā duḥkha-hetutvāt tat-pūrvakasya rājasasya karmaṇo duḥkhaṃ phalaṃ bhavati | evaṃ pramāda-mohau tamasaḥ sakāśād bhavato jāyete | ajñānam eva ca bhavati | eva-kāraḥ prakāśa-pravṛtti-vyāvṛtty-arthaḥ | atas tāmasasya karmaṇas tāmasam ajñānādi-prāyam
eva phalaṃ bhavatīti yuktam evety arthaḥ | atra cājñānam aprakāśaḥ | pramādo mohaś cāprakāśo 'pravṛttiś cety atra vyākhyātau

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.
baladevaḥ : īdṛk-phala-vaicitrye prāg uktam eva hetum āha sattvād iti | sattvāt prakāśa-lakṣaṇaṃ jñānaṃ jāyate | ataḥ sāttvikasya karmaṇaḥ prakāśa-pracuraṃ sukhaṃ phalam | rajaso lobhas tṛṣṇā-viśeṣo yo viṣayakoṭibhir apy abhisevitair duṣpūras tasya ca duḥkha-hetutvāt tat-pūrvakasya karmaṇo duḥkha-pracuraṃ kiñcit sukhaṃ phalam | tamasas tu pramādādīni bhavanty atas tat-pūrvakasya karmaṇo 'caitanya-pracuraṃ duḥkham eva phalam

BhG 14.18
ūrdhvaṃ gacchanti sattvasthā madhye tiṣṭhanti rājasāḥ |
jaghanya-guṇa-vṛttasthā adho gacchanti tāmasāḥ

śrīdharaḥ : idānīṃ sattvādi-vṛtti-śīlānāṃ phala-bhedam āha ūrdhvam iti | sattva-sthāḥ sattva-vṛtti-pradhānāḥ | ūrdhvaṃ gacchanti sattvotkarṣa-tāratamyād uttarottaraṇataguṇānandān manuṣya-gandharva-pitṛdevādi-lokān satya-loka-paryantān prāpnuvantīty arthaḥ | rājasās tu tṛṣṇādy-ākulā madhye tiṣṭhanti | manuṣya-loka eva utpadyante | jaghanyo nikṛṣṭas tamo-guṇaḥ | tasya vṛttiḥ pramāda-mohādiḥ | atra sthitā adhogacchanti | tamaso vṛtti-tāratamyāt tāmisrādiṣu nirayeṣu utpadyante

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīṃ sattvādi-vṛtta-sthānāṃ prāg-uktam eva phalam ūrdhva-madhyādho-bhāvenāha ūrdhvam iti | atra tṛtīye guṇe vṛtta-śabda-yogād ādyayor api vṛttam eva vivakṣitam | tena sattvasthāḥ sattva-vṛtte śāstrīye jñāne karmaṇi ca niratā ūrdhvaṃ satya-loka-paryantaṃ deva-lokaṃ gacchanti te deveṣūtpadyante jñāna-karma-tāratamyena | tathā madhye manuṣya-loke puṇya-pāpa-miśre tiṣṭhanti na tūrdhvaṃ gacchanty adho vā manuṣyeṣūtpadyante rājasā rajo-guṇa-vṛtte lobhādi-pūrvake rājase karmaṇi niratāḥ | jaghanya-guṇa-vṛttasthā jaghanyasya guṇa-dvayāpekṣayā paścād-bhāvino nikṛṣṭasya tamaso guṇasya vṛtte nidrālasyādau sthitā adho gacchanti paścādiṣūtpadyante
| kadācij jaghanya-guṇa-vṛtta-sthāḥ sāttvikā rājasāś ca bhavanty ata āha tāmasāḥ sarvadā tamaḥ-pradhānāḥ | itareṣāṃ kadācit tad-vṛtta-sthatve 'pi na tat-pradhānateti bhāvaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : sattva-sthāḥ sattv-tāratamyenordhvaṃ satya-loka-paryantam | madhye manusya-loka eva | jaghanyaś cāsau guṇaś ceti tasya vṛttiḥ pramādālasyādis tatra sthitā adho gacchanti narakaṃ yānti

baladevaḥ : atha sattvādi-vṛtti-niṣṭhānāṃ tāny eva phalāny ūrdhva-madhyādho-bhāvenāha ūrdhvam iti | tamasi vṛtti-śabdād itarayoś ca vṛttir vivakṣitā | sattvasthāḥ sattva-vṛtti-niṣṭhāḥ sattva-tāratamyenordhvaṃ satyaloka-paryantaṃ gacchanti | rājasā rajo-vṛtti-niṣṭhā madhye puṇya-pāpa-miśrite manuṣya-loke tiṣṭhanti | manuṣyā eva bhavanti rajas-tāratamyena | jaghanyaḥ sattva-rajo 'pekṣayā nikṛṣṭo yo guṇas tamaḥ-saṃjñas tad-vṛttau pramādādau sthitās tv adho gacchanti tamas-tāratamyena paśu-pakṣi-sthāvarādi-yoniṃ labhante | tāmasā ity uktis teṣāṃ sarvadā tamasi sthitiṃ vyanakti

BhG 14.19
nānyaṃ guṇebhyaḥ kartāraṃ yadā drṣṭānupaśyati |
guṇebhyaś ca paraṃ vetti mad-bhāvaṃ so 'dhigacchati

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ prakṛti-guṇa-saṅga-kṛtaṃ saṃsāra-prapañcam uktvā idānīṃ tad-vivekato mokṣaṃ darśayati nānyam iti | yadā tu draṣṭā vivekī bhūtvā buddhyādyākāra-pariṇatebhyo guṇebhyo 'nyaṃ kartāraṃ nānupaśyati | api tu guṇa eva karmāṇi kurvantīti paśyati | guṇebhyaś ca paraṃ vyatiriktaṃ tat-sākṣiṇam ātmānaṃ vetti | sa tu mad-bhāvaṃ brahmatvam adhigacchati prāpnoti

madhusūdanaḥ : asminn adhyāye vaktavyatvena prastutam artha-trayam | tatra kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogasyeśvarādhīnatvaṃ ke vā guṇāḥ kathaṃ vā te badhnantīty artha-dvayam uktam | adhunā tu guṇebhyaḥ kathaṃ mokṣaṇaṃ muktasya ca kiṃ lakṣaṇam iti vaktavyam avaśiṣyate | tatra mithyā-jñānātmakatvād guṇānāṃ samyag-jñānāt tebhyo mokṣaṇam ity āha nānyam iti | guṇebhyaḥ kārya-kāraṇa-viṣayākāra-pariṇatebhyo 'nyaṃ kartāraṃ yadā draṣṭā vicāra-kuśalaḥ sann anupaśyati vicāram anu na paśyati guṇā evāntaḥ-karaṇa-bahiṣkaraṇa-śarīra-viṣaya-bhāvāpannāḥ
sarva-karmaṇāṃ kartāra iti paśyati | guṇebhyaś ca tat-tad-avasthā-viśeṣeṇa pariṇatebhyaḥ paraṃ guṇa-tat-kāryāsaṃspṛṣṭaṃ tad-bhāsakam ādityam iva jala-tat-kampādy-asaṃspṛṣṭaṃ nirvikāraṃ sarva-sākṣiṇaṃ sarvatra samaṃ kṣetrajñam ekaṃ vetti | mad-bhāvaṃ mad-rūpatāṃ sa draṣṭādhigacchati

vīśvāṇaṭḥaḥ : guṇa-kṛtaṃ saṃsāraṃ darśayitvā guṇātītaṃ mokṣaṃ darśayati nānyam iti dvābhyām | guṇebhyaḥ kartṛ-karaṇ-viṣayākāreṇa pariṇatebhyo 'nyaṃ kartāraṃ draṣṭā jīvo yadā nānupaśyati, kintu guṇā eva sadaiva kartāra ity evam anupaśyati anubhavatīty arthaḥ | guṇebhyaḥ paraṃ vyatirikam evātmānaṃ vetti tadā sa draṣṭā mad-bhāvaṃ mayi sāyujyam adhigacchati prāpnoti | tatra tādṛśa-jñānānantaram api mayi parāṃ bhaktiṃ kṛtvaiva ity upānta-ślokārtha-dṛṣṭyā jñeyam

baladevaḥ : evaṃ guṇa-vivekāt saṃsāram uktvā tad-vivekān mokṣam āha nānyam iti dvābhyām | draṣṭā tattva-yāthātmya-darśī jīvo yadā dehendriyātmanā pariṇatebhyo guṇebhyo 'nyaṃ kartāraṃ nānupaśyati guṇān kartĪn paśyaty ātmānaṃ guṇebhyaḥ parama-kartāraṃ vetti | tadā sa mad-bhāvam adhigacchati | ayam āśayaḥ -- na khalu vijñānānando viśuddho jīvo yuddha-yajñādi-duḥkhamaya-karmaṇāṃ kartā, kintu guṇamaya-dehendriyavān eva saṃstatheti guṇa-hetukatvād guṇa-niṣṭhaṃ tat-karma-kartṛtvaṃ na tu viśuddhātma-niṣṭham iti yadānupaśyati, tadā mad-bhāvam asaṃsāritvaṃ mat-para-bhaktiṃ vā | labhata
iti purāpy etad abhāṣi | iha guṇa-hetukaṃ kartṛtvaṃ śuddhasya niṣiddhaṃ, na tu śuddha-niṣṭham iti | tasya draṣṭā ity ādinoktam

BhG 14.20
guṇān etān atītya trīn dehī deha-samudbhavān |
janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkhair vimukto 'mṛtam aśnute

śrīdharaḥ : tataś ca guṇa-kṛta-sarvānartha-nivṛttyā kṛtārtho bhavatīty āha guṇān iti | dehādyākāraḥ samudbhavaḥ pariṇāmo yeṣāṃ te deha-samudbhavāḥ | tān etāṃ trīn api guṇān atītyātikramya tat-kṛtair janmādibhir vimuktaḥ sann amṛtam aśnute paramānandaṃ prāpnoti

madhusūdanaḥ : katham adhigacchatīty ucyate - guṇān iti | guṇān etān māyātmakās trīn sattva-rajas-tamo-nāmno deha-samudbhavān dehotpatti-bīja-bhūtān atītya jīvann eva tattva-jñānena bādhitvā janma-mṛtyu-jarā-duḥkhair janmanā mṛtyunā jarayā duḥkhaiś cādhyātmikādibhir māyā-mayair vimukto jīvann eva tat-sambandha-śūnyaḥ san vidvān amṛtaṃ mokṣam aśnute prāpnoti

viśvanāthaḥ : tataś ca so 'pi guṇātīta evocyata ity āha guṇān iti

baladevaḥ : mad-bhāva-padenoktam arthaṃ sphuṭayati guṇān iti | dehī deha-madhya-stho 'pi jīvo guṇa-puruṣa-viveka-balenaitān deha-samudbhavān dehotpādaāṃs trīn guṇān atītyollaṅghya janmādibhir vimukto 'mṛtam ātmānam aśnute 'nubhavati | so 'yam asaṃsāritva-lakṣaṇo mad-bhāvo mat-para-bhakti-pātratā-lakṣaṇo vā | evaṃ vakṣyati brahma-bhūtaḥ prasannātmā ity ādi

BhG 14.21
kair liṅgais trīn guṇān etān atīto bhavati prabho |
kim-ācāraḥ kathaṃ caitāṃs trīn guṇān ativartate

śrīdharaḥ : guṇān etān atītyāmṛtam aśnuta ity etat śrutvā guṇātītasya lakṣaṇam ācāraṃ guṇātyayopāyaṃ ca samyag bubhutsur arjuna uvāca kair iti | he prabho kair liṅgaiḥ kīdṛśair ātma-vyutpannaiś cihnair guṇātīto dehī bhavatīti lakṣaṇa-praśnaḥ | ka ācāro 'syeti kim-ācāraḥ | kathaṃ vartata ity arthaḥ | kathaṃ ca kenopāyena etāṃs trīn api guṇān atītya vartate | tat kathayety arthaḥ

madhusūdanaḥ : guṇān etān atītya jīvann evāmṛtam aśnuta ity etac chrutvā guṇātītasya lakṣaṇam cācāraṃ ca guṇātyayopāyaṃ ca samyag bubhutsur arjuna uvāca kair iti | etān guṇān atīto yaḥ sa kair liṅgair viśiṣṭo bhavati | yair liṅgaiḥ sa jñātuṃ śakyas tāni me brūhīty ekaḥ praśnaḥ | prabhutvād bhṛtya-duḥkhaṃ bhagavataiva nivāraṇīyam iti sūcayan sambodhayati prabho iti | ka ācāro 'syeti kim-ācāraḥ | kiṃ yatheṣṭa-ceṣṭaḥ kiṃ vā niyantrita iti dvitīyaḥ praśnaḥ | kathaṃ vā kena ca prakāreṇaitāṃs trīn guṇān ativartate 'tikrāmatīti guṇātītatvopāyaḥ ka iti tṛtīyaḥ praśnaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā ity ādinā dvitīyādhyāye pṛṣṭam apy arthaṃ punas tato 'pi viśeṣa-bubhūtsayā pṛcchati kair liṅgaiḥ ity ekaḥ praśnaḥ | kaiś cihnais triguṇātītaḥ sa jñeya ity arthaḥ | kim ācāra iti dvitīyaḥ | kathaṃ caitān iti tṛtīyaḥ | guṇātītatva-prāpteḥ kiṃ sādhanam ity arthaḥ | sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā ity ādau sthita-prajño guṇātītaḥ kathaṃ syād iti tadānīṃ na pṛṣṭam idānīṃ tu pṛṣṭam iti viśeṣaḥ

baladevaḥ : guṇātītasya lakṣaṇam ācāraṃ ca guṇātyaya-sādhanaṃ cārjunaḥ pṛcchati kair ity ardhakena | prathamaḥ praśnaḥ kaiś cihnair guṇātīto jñātuṃ śakya ity arthaḥ | kim ācāra iti dvitīyaḥ sa kiṃ yatheṣṭācāro niyatācāro vety arthaḥ | kathaṃ caitān iti tṛtīyaḥ kena sādhanena guṇān atyetīty arthaḥ

BhG 14.22
prakāśaṃ ca pravṛttiṃ ca moham eva ca pāṇḍava |
na dveṣṭi saṃpravṛttāni na nivṛttāni kāṅkṣati

śrīdharaḥ : sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā [Gītā 2.54] ity ādinā dvitīye 'dhyāye pṛṣṭam api dattottaram api punar viśeṣa-bubhūtsayā pṛcchatīti jñātvā prakārāntareṇa tasya lakṣaṇādikaṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca prakāśaṃ cety ādi ṣaḍbhiḥ | tatraikena lakṣaṇam āha prakāśam iti | prakāśaṃ ca sarva-dvāreṣu dehe 'sminn iti pūrvoktaṃ sattva-kāryam | pravṛttiṃ ca rajaḥ-kāryam | mohaṃ ca tamaḥ-kāryam | upalakṣaṇam etat sattvādīnām | sarvāṇy api yathāyathaṃ sampravṛttāni svataḥ-prāptāni santi duḥkha-buddhyā yo na dveṣṭi | nivṛttāni ca santi sukha-buddhyā yo na kāṅkṣati, guṇātītaḥ
sa ucyate iti caturthenānvayaḥ

madhusūdanaḥ : sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā [Gītā 2.54] ity ādinā pṛṣṭam api prajahāti yadā kāmān [Gītā 2.55] ity ādinā dattottaram api punaḥ prakārāntareṇa bubhūtsamānaḥ pṛcchatīty avadhāya prakārāntareṇa tasya lakṣaṇādikaṃ śrī-bhagavān uvāca prakāśaṃ cety ādi pañcabhiḥ ślokaiḥ | yas tāvat kair liṅgair yukto guṇātīto bhavatīti praśnas tasyottaraṃ śṛṇu | prakāśaṃ ca sarva-kāryaṃ | pravṛttiṃ ca rajaḥ-kāryam | mohaṃ ca tamaḥ-kāryam | upalakṣaṇam etat | sarvāṇy api guṇa-kāryāṇi yathāyathaṃ sampravṛttāni sva-sāmagrī-vaśād udbhūtāni santi duḥkha-rūpāṇy api duḥkha-buddhyā yo na dveṣṭi
| tathā vināśa-sāmagrī-vaśān nivṛttāni tāni sukha-rūpāṇy api santi sukha-buddhyā yo na kāṅkṣati na kāmayate svapnavan mithyātva-niścayāt | etādṛśa-dveṣa-rāga-śūnyo yaḥ sa guṇātīta ucyata iti caturtha-śloka-gatenānvayaḥ | idaṃ ca svātma-pratyakṣaṃ lakṣaṇaṃ svārtham eva na parārtham | na hi svāśritau dveṣa-tad-abhāvau rāga-tad-abhāvau ca paraḥ pratyetum arhati

viśvanāthaḥ : tatra kair liṅgair guṇātīto bhavatīti prathama-praśnasyottaram āha prakāśaṃ ca sarva-dvāreṣu dehe 'smin prakāśa upajāyate iti sattva-kāryam | pravṛttiṃ ca rajaḥ-kāryam | mohaṃ ca tamaḥ-kāryam | upalakṣaṇam etat sattvādīnām | sarvāṇy api yathāyathaṃ sampravṛttāni svataḥ-prāptāni duḥkha-buddhyā yo na dveṣṭi | guṇa-kāryāṇy etāni nivṛttāni ca sukha-buddhyā yo na kāṅkṣati, sa guṇātīta ucyate iti caturthenānvayaḥ | sampravṛttānīti klīb-antam ārṣam

baladevaḥ : yadyapi sthita-prajñasya kā bhāṣā ity ādinā pṛṣṭam idaṃ prajahāti yadā kāmān ity ādinottaritaṃ ca, tathāpi viśeṣa-jijñāsayā pṛcchatīti vidhāntareṇa tasya lakṣāṇādīny āha bhagavān prakāśaṃ cety ādi pañcabhiḥ | tatraikena lakṣaṇaṃ sva-saṃvedyam āha prakāśaṃ sattva-kāryaṃ pravṛttiṃ rajaḥ-kāryaṃ mohaṃ tamaḥ-kāryaṃ etāni trīṇi sampravṛttāny utpādaka-sāmagrī-vaśāt prāptāni duḥkha-rūpāṇy api duḥkha-buddhyā yo na dveṣṭi, vināśaka-sāmagrī-vaśān nivṛttāni vinaṣṭāni tāni sukha-rūpāny api sukha-buddhyā yo nākāṅkṣati, etādṛśa-dveṣa-rāga-śūnyo
guṇātītaḥ sa ucyate iti caturthenānvayaḥ | svagatau dveṣa-tad-abhāvau rāga-tad-abhāvau ca paro na veditum arhatīti sva-saṃvedyam idaṃ lakṣaṇam

BhG 14.23
udāsīnavad āsīno guṇair yo na vicālyate |
guṇā vartanta ity eva yo 'vatiṣṭhati neṅgate

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ sva-saṃvedyaṃ guṇātītasya lakṣaṇam uktvā para-saṃvedyaṃ tasya lakṣaṇaṃ vaktuṃ dvitīya-praśnasya kim ācāra ity asyottaram āha udāsīnavad iti tribhiḥ | udāsīnavat sākṣitayāsīnaḥ sthitaḥ san guṇair guṇa-kāryaiḥ sukha-duḥkhādibhir na yo vicālyate svarūpān na pracyavate api tu guṇā eva svakāryeṣu vartante | etair mama sambandha eva nāstīti viveka-jñānena yas tuṣṇīm avatiṣṭhati | parasmaipadam ārṣam | neṅgate na calati

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ lakṣ HERE
viśvanāthaḥ : kim ācāraḥ iti dvitīya-praśnasyottaram āha udāsīnavad iti tribhiḥ | guṇa-kāryaiḥ sukha-duḥkhādibhir yo na vicālyate svarūpāvasthān na cyavate, api tu guṇa eva sva-sva-kāryeṣu vartanta ity eveti ebhir mama sambandha eva nāstīti viveka-jñānena yas tūṣṇīm avatiṣṭhati parasmaipadam ārṣam | neṅgate na kvāpi daihika-kṛtye yatate | guṇātītaḥ sa ucyate iti guṇātītasya etāni cihnāni etān ācārāṃś ca dṛṣṭvaiva guṇātīto vaktavyo na tu guṇātītatvopapatti-vāvadūko guṇātīto vaktavya iti bhāvaḥ ||23-25||
baladevaḥ : atha para-saṃvedya-lakṣaṇaṃ vaktuṃ kim ācāraḥ iti dvitīya-praśnasyottaram āha udāsīneti tribhiḥ | udāsīno madhyastho yathā vivādinoḥ pakṣagrahaiḥ sva-mādhyasthyān na vicālyate, tayā sukha-duḥkhādi-bhāvena parṇatair guṇair yo nātmāvasthitair vicālyate, kintu guṇāḥ sva-kāryeṣu prakāśādiṣu vartante | mama tair na sambandha iti niścitya tūṣṇīm avatiṣṭhate | neṅgate guṇa-kāryānurūpeṇa na ceṣṭate | guṇātītaḥ sa ucyate iti tṛtīyenānvayaḥ

BhG 14.24
sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ svasthaḥ sama-loṣṭāśma-kāñcanaḥ |
tulya-priyāpriyo dhīras tulya-nindātma-saṃstutiḥ

śrīdharaḥ : api ca sameti | same sukha-duḥkhe yasya | yataḥ svasthaḥ svarūpa eva sthitaḥ | ataeva samāni loṣṭāśma-kājcanāni yasya | tulye piryāpriye sukha-duḥkha-hetu-bhūte yasya | dhīro dhīmān | tulyo nindā cātmanaḥ saṃstutiś ca yasya

madhusūdanaḥ : same duḥkha-sukhe dveṣa-rāga-śūnyatayānātma-dharmatayānṛtatayā ca yasya sa sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥ | kasmād evaṃ yasmāt svasthaḥ svasminn ātmany eva sthito dvaita-darśana-śūnyatvāt | ata eva samāni heyopādeya-bhāva-rahitāni loṣṭāśma-kāñcanāni yasya sa tathā | loṣṭaḥ pāṃsu-piṇḍaḥ | ata eva tulye priyāpriye sukha-duḥkha-sādhane yasya hita-sādhanatva-buddhi-viṣayatvābhāvenopekṣaṇīyatvāt | dhīro dhīmān dhṛtimān vā | ata eva tulye | nindātma-saṃstutī doṣa-kīrtana-guṇa-kīrtane yasya sa guṇātīta ucyata iti dvitīya-gatenānvayaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.
baladevaḥ : kiṃ ca sameti | yato 'yaṃ svasthaḥ svarūpa-niṣṭho 'taeva sama-duḥkha-sukhaḥṅ same anātma-dharmatvāt tulye sukha-duḥkhe yasya saḥ | samāny anupādeyatayā tulyāni losṭrādīni yasya saḥ | loṣṭra-mṛt-piṇḍa-tulye priyāpriye sukha-duḥkha-sādhane vastunī yasya saḥ | dhīraḥ prakṛti-puruṣa-viveka-kuśalaḥ | tulye nindātma-saṃstutī yasya saḥ | tat-prayojakayor doṣa-guṇayor ātma-gatatvābhāvād ity arthaḥ | ya īdṛśo guṇatītaḥ sa ucyata iti dvitīyenānvayaḥ

BhG 14.25
mānāpamānayos tulyas tulyo mitrāri-pakṣayoḥ |
sarvārambha-parityāgī guṇātītaḥ sa ucyate

śrīdharaḥ : api ca māneti | māne 'pamāne ca tulyaḥ | mitra-pakṣe 'ripakṣe ca tulyaḥ | sarvān dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthān ārambhān udyamān parityaktuṃ śīlaṃ yasya saḥ | evambhūtācāra-yukto guṇātīta ucyate

madhusūdanaḥ : mānaḥ sat-kāra ādarāpara-paryāyaḥ | apamānas tiraskāro 'nādarāpara-paryāyaḥ | tayos tulyo harṣa-viṣāda-śūnyaḥ | nindā-stutī śabda-rūpe mānāpamānau tu śabdam antareṇāpi kāya-mano-vyāpāra-viśeṣāv iti bhedaḥ | atra pa-kāra-va-kārayoḥ pāṭha-vikalpe 'py arthaḥ sa eva | tulyo mitrāri-pakṣayoḥ | mitra-pakṣasyevāri-pakṣasyāpi dveṣāviṣayaḥ svayaṃ tayor anugraha-nigraha-śūnya iti vā | sarvārambha-parityāgī | ārabhyanta ity ārambhāḥ karmāṇi tān sarvān parityaktuṃ śīlaṃ yasya sa tathā | deha-yātrā-mātra-vyatirekeṇa sarva-karma-parityāgīty arthaḥ | udāsīnavad
āsīna ity ādy-ukta-prakārācāro guṇātītaḥ sa ucyate | yad uktam upekṣakatvādi tad-vidyodayāt pūrvaṃ yatna-sādhyaṃ vidyādhikāriṇā sādhanatvenānuṣṭheyam utpannāyāṃ tu vidyāyāṃ jīvan-muktasya guṇātītasyoktaṃ dharma-jātam ayatna-siddhaṃ lakṣaṇatvena tiṣṭhaty arthaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : Nothing.
baladevaḥ : māneti sphuṭārthaḥ | nindāstutī vāg-vyāpāreṇa sādhye | mānāpamānau tu kāyamanovyāpāreṇāpi syātām iti bhedaḥ | sarveti deha-yātrā-mātrād anyat sarva-karma grāhyam | ya īdṛśo guṇātītaḥ undāsīnavat ity ādy uktā yasyācārḥ parair api saṃvedyāḥ sa guṇātīto bodhyo na tu tad-upapatti-vāvadūka iti bhāvaḥ

BhG 14.26
māṃ ca yo 'vyabhicāreṇa bhakti-yogena sevate |
sa guṇān samatītyaitān brahma-bhūyāya kalpate

śrīdharaḥ : kathaṃ caitān trīn guṇān ativartate iti | asya praśnasyottaram āha māṃ ceti | ca-śabdo 'vadhāraṇārthaḥ | mām eva parameśvaram avyabhicāreṇa ekāntena bhakti-yogena yaḥ sevate sa etān guṇān samatītya samyag atikramya brahma-bhūyāya brahma-bhāvāya mokṣāya kalpate samartho bhavati

madhusūdanaḥ : adhunā katham etān guṇān ativartata iti tṛtīya-praśnasya prativacanam āha māṃ ceti | cas tv-arthaḥ | mām eveśvaraṃ nārāyaṇaṃ sarva-bhūtāntaryāmiṇaṃ māyayā kṣetrajñatām āgataṃ paramānanda-ghanaṃ bhagavantaṃ vāsudevam avyabhicāreṇa parama-prema-lakṣaṇena bhakti-yogena dvādaśādhyāyoktena yaḥ sevate sadā cintayati sa mad-bhakta etān prāg-uktān guṇān samatītya samyag-atikramyādvaita-darśanena bādhitvā brahma-bhūyāya brahma-bhavanāya mokṣāya kalpate samartho bhavati | sarvadā bhagavac-cintanam eva guṇātītatvopāya ity arthaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : kathaṃ caitān trīn guṇān ativartate iti tṛtīyapraśnasyottaram āha māṃ ceti | ca evārthe | mām eva śyāmasundarākāraṃ parameśvaraṃ bhakti-yogena yaḥ sevate sa eva brahma-bhūyāya brahmatvāya brahmānubhavāya yāvat bhaktyāham ekayā grāhyaḥ iti mad-vākye ekayeti viśeṣaṇopanyāsāt mām eva ye prapadyante māyām etāṃ taranti te ity atrāpi eva-kāra-prayogāt bhaktyā vinā prakārāntareṇa brahmānubhavo na bhavatīti niścayāt | bhakti-yogena kīdṛśena | avyabhicāreṇa karma-jñānādy-amiśreṇa niṣkāma-karmaṇo nyāsa-śravaṇāt | jñānaṃ ca mayi sannyaset iti jñānināṃ carama-daśāyāṃ jñānasyāpi nyāsa-śravaṇāt | bhakti-yogasya tu kvāpi nyāsāśravaṇāt bhakti-yoga eva so 'vyabhicāraḥ | tena karma-yogam
iva jñāna-yogam api parityājya yady avyabhicāreṇa kevalenaiva bhaktiyogena sevate, tarhi jñānī api guṇātīto bhavati, nānyathā | ananya-bhaktas tu nirguṇo mad-apāśrayaḥ ity ekādaśokter guṇātīto bhavaty eva | atra idaṃ tattvaṃ VEṛṣE ity atrāsaṅginaḥ karmiṇo jñānino vā sāttvikatvenaiva sādhakatvāvagates tat-sāhacaryāt nirguṇo mad-apāśrayaḥ iti bhaktaḥ sādhaka evāvagamyate | tataś ca jñānī jñāna-siddhaḥ sann eva sāttvikatvaṃ parityajya guṇātīto bhavati | bhaktas tu sādhaka-daśām ārabhyaiva guṇātīto bhavatīty artho labhyate | atra ca-kāro 'vadhāraṇārthaḥ iti svāmi-caraṇāḥ | mām eveśvaraṃ nārāyaṇam avyabhicāreṇa bhakti-yogena dvādaśādyāyoktena yaḥ sevata iti madhusūdana-sarasvatī-pādāś ca vyācakṣate

baladevaḥ : kathaṃ caitāṃs trīn guṇān ativartata iti tṛtīya-praśnasyottaram āha māṃ ceti | co 'vadhāraṇe | nānyaṃ guṇebhyaḥ karāram ity ādy-uktyā yo guṇa-puruṣa-viveka-khyātim avāpa tayaiva tasyā guṇātyayo na saṃsidhyati, kintu tadvān api yo māṃ kṛṣṇam eva māyā-guṇāspṛṣṭaṃ māyā-niyantāraṃ nāyāyaṇādi-rūpeṇa bahudhāvirbhūtaṃ cid-ānanda-ghanaṃ sārvajñy-ādi-guṇa-ratnālayam avyabhicāreṇaikāntikena bhakti-yogena sevate śrayati sa etān duratyayān api guṇān atītyākramya brahma-bhūyāya kalpate guṇāṣṭa-viśiṣṭatvāya[*ENDNOTE] nija-dharmāya yogyo bhavati | taṃ dharmaṃ labhata ity arthaḥ | jīve brahma-śabdas
tūkta eva prk, tathā ca bhakti-śiraskayaiva tad-viveka-khyātyā jīvasya svarūpa-lābho, na tu kevalayā tayety uktam | yat tu brahma-bhūyāya ity anena mad-rūpatāṃ sa yātīti pārtha-sārathinopadiṣṭam iti vyācaṣṭe | tan-niravadhānam eva tenaivedaṃ jñānam ity ādinā mokṣe 'pi | svarūpa-bhedasyābhihitatvāt nirañjanaḥ paramaṃ sāmyam upaiti ity ādi śrutiṣv api tatra tasya dṛṣṭatvād aṇutva-vibhutvādi-nitya-dharma-kṛtatvena nityatvāc ca tad-bhedasya tasmād guṇāṣṭaka-viśiṣṭatvam eva brahaiva san brahmāpy eti iti śrutyau tu brahma-sadṛśaḥ san bramāpy eti prāpnotīty arthaḥ | evaupamye 'vadhāraṇe iti viśva-prakāśāt | vavā yathā tathaivevaṃ sāmye ity amara-koṣāc ca | anyathā brahma-bhāvottaro brahmāpyayo
na saṅgaccheta |

BhG 14.27
brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāham amṛtasyāvyayasya ca |
śāśvatasya ca dharmasya sukhasyaikāntikasya ca

śrīdharaḥ : tatra hetum āha brahmaṇo hīti | hi yasmād brahmaṇo 'haṃ pratiṣṭhā pratimā | ghanībhūtaṃ brahmaivāham | yathā ghanībhūtaḥ prakāśa eva sūrya-maṇḍalaṃ tadvad ity arthaḥ | tathāvyayasya nityasya | amṛtasya mokṣasya ca nitya-muktatvāt | tathā tat-sādhanasya śāśvatasya dharmasya ca śiddja-sattvātmakatvāt | tathaikāntikasya akhaṇḍitasya sukhasya ca pratiṣṭhāham | paramānandaik-rūpatvāt | ato mat-sevino mad-bhāvasyāvaśyambhāvitvād yuktam evoktaṃ brahma-bhūyāya kalpata iti ||
kṛṣṇādhīna-guṇāsaṅga-prasañjita-bhavāmbudhim |
sukhaṃ tarati mad-bhakta ity abhāṣi caturdaśe ||
iti śrī-śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ
guṇa-traya-vibhāga-yogo nāma
caturdaśo 'dhyāyaḥ

madhusūdanaḥ : atra hetum āha brahmaṇa iti | brahmaṇas tat-pada-vācyasya sopādhikasya jagad-utpatti-sthiti-laya-hetoḥ pratiṣṭhā pāramārthikaṃ nirvikalpalpakaṃ sac-cid-ānandātmakaṃ nirupādhikaṃ tat-pada-lakṣyam ahaṃ nivikalpako vāsudevaḥ pratitiṣṭhaty atreti pratiṣṭhā kalpita-rūpa-rahitam akalpitaṃ rūpam | ato yo mām upādhikaṃ brahma sevate sa brahma-bhūyāya kalpata iti yuktam eva |
kīdṛśasya brahmaṇaḥ pratiṣṭhāham ity ākāṅkṣāyāṃ viśeṣaṇāni amṛtasya vināśa-rahitasya, avyayasya vipariṇāma-rahitasya ca, śāśvatasyāpakṣaya-rahitasya ca, dharmasya jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇa-dharma-prāpyasya, sukhasya paramānanda-rūpasya | sukhasya viṣayendriya-saṃyogajatvaṃ vārayati aikāntikasyāvyabhicāriṇaḥ sarvasmin deśe kāle ca vidyamānasyaikāntika-sukha-rūpasyety arthaḥ | etādṛśasya brahmaṇo yasmād ahaṃ vāstavaṃ svarūpaṃ tasmān mad-bhaktaḥ saṃsārān mucyata iti bhāvaḥ | tathā coktaṃ brahmaṇā bhagavantaṃ śrī-kṛṣṇaṃ prati -
ekas tvam ātmā puruṣaḥ purāṇaḥ
satyaḥ svayaṃ jyotir ananta ādyaḥ |
nityo 'kṣaro 'jasra-sukho nirañjanaḥ
pūrṇo 'dvayo mukta upādhito 'mṛtaḥ || [10.14.23] iti |
atra sarvopādhi-śūnya ātmā brahma tvam ity arthaḥ | śukenāpi stutim antareṇaivoktam -
sarveṣām api vastūnāṃ bhāvārtho bhavati sthitaḥ |
tasyāpi bhagavān kṛṣṇaḥ kim atad vastu rūpyatām || [BhP 10.14.57] iti |
sarveṣām eva kārya-vastūnāṃ bhāvārthaḥ sattā-rūpaḥ paramārtho bhavati kāryākāreṇa jāyamāne sopādhike brahmaṇi sthitaḥ kāraṇa-sattātiriktāyāḥ kārya-sattāyā anabhyupagamāt | tasyāpi bhavataḥ kāraṇasya sopādhikasya brahmaṇo bhāvārthaḥ sattā-rūpo 'rtho bhagavān kṛṣṇaḥ sopādhikasya nirupādhike kalpitatvāt kalpitasya cādhiṣṭhānān atirekāt, bhagavataḥ kṛṣṇasya ca sarva-kalpanādhiṣṭhānatvena paramārtha-satya-nirupādhi-brahma-rūpatvāt | ataḥ kim atad-vastu tasmāc chrī-kṛṣṇād anyad vastu paramārthikaṃ kiṃ nirūpyatāṃ tad evaikaṃ paramārthikaṃ nānyat kim apīty arthaḥ | tad etad ihāpy
uktaṃ brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāham iti |
athavā tvad-bhaktas tvad-bhāvam āpnotu nāma kathaṃ nu brahma-bhāvāya kalpyate brahmaṇaḥ sakāśāt tavānyatvād ity āśaṅkyāha brahmaṇo hīti | brahmaṇaḥ paramātmanaḥ pratiṣṭhā paryāptir aham eva na tu mad-bhinnaṃ brahmety arthaḥ | tathāmṛtasya amṛtatvasya mokṣasya cāvyayasya sarvathānucchedyasya ca ca pratiṣṭhāham eva | mayy eva mokṣaḥ paryavastio mat-prāptir eva mokṣa ity arthaḥ | tathā śāśvatasya nitya-mokṣa-phalasya dharmasya jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇasya ca paryāptir aham eva | jñāna-niṣṭhā-lakṣaṇo dharmo mayy eva paryavasito na tena mad-bhinnaṃ kiṃcit prāpyam ity arthaḥ | tathaikāntikasya
sukhasya ca paryāptir aham eva parmānanda-rūpatvān na mad-bhinnaṃ kiṃcit sukhaṃ prāpyam astīty arthaḥ | tasmād yuktam evoktaṃ mad-bhakto brahma-bhūyāya kalpata iti

parākṛtana-mad-bandhaṃ paraṃ brahma narākṛti |
saundarya-sāra-sarvasvaṃ vande nandātmajaṃ mahaḥ ||
iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām guṇa-traya-vibhāga-yogo nāma caturdaśo 'dhyāyaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu mad-bhaktānāṃ kathaṃ nirguṇa-brahmatva-prāptiḥ ? sā tu advitīya-tad-ekānubhavenaiva sambhavet | tatrāha brahmaṇo hīti | hi yasmāt parama-pratiṣṭhātvena prasiddhaṃ yad brahma tasyāpy ahaṃ pratiṣṭhā pratiṣṭhīyate 'sminn iti pratiṣṭhā āśrayo 'nna-mayādiṣu śrutiṣu sarvatraiva pratiṣṭhā-padasya tathārthatvāt | tathāmṛtasya pratiṣṭhā kiṃ svargīya-sudhāyāḥ ? na | avyayasya nāśa-rahitasya mokṣasyety arthaḥ | tathā śāśvatasya dharmasya sādhana-phala-daśayor api nitya-sthitasya bhakty-ākhyasya parama-dharmasyāhaṃ pratiṣṭhā, tathā tat-prāpyasyaikāntika-bhakta-sambandhinaḥ sukhasya premṇaś
cāhaṃ pratiṣṭhā | ataḥ sarvasyāpi mad-adhīnatvāt kaivalya-kāmanayā kṛtena mad-bhajanena brahmaṇi līyamāno brahmatvam api prāpnoti |
atra brahmaṇo 'haṃ pratiṣṭhā ghanībhūtaṃ brahmaivāhaṃ yathā ghanībhūta-prakāśa eva sūrya-maṇḍalaṃ tadvad ity arthaḥ iti svāmi-caraṇāḥ | sūryasya tejo-rūpatve 'pi yathā tejasa āśrayatvam apy ucyate | evaṃ me kṛṣṇasya brahma-rūpatve 'pi brahmaṇaḥ pratiṣṭhātvam api | atra śrī-viṣṇu-purāṇam api pramāṇam -- śubhāśrayaḥ sa cittasya sarvagasya tathātmanaḥ [ViP 6.7.76] iti vyākhyātaṃ ca tatrāpi svāmi-caraṇaiḥ | sarvagasyātmanaḥ para-brahmaṇo 'pi āśrayaḥ pratiṣṭhā | tad uktaṃ bhagavatā brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāham iti | tathā viṣṇu-dharme 'pi naraka-dvādaśī-prasaṅge -
prakṛtau puruṣe caiva brahmaṇy api sa prabhuḥ |
yathaika eva puruṣo vāsudevo vyavasthitaḥ || iti |
tatraiva māsarkṣa-pūjā-prasaṅe --
yathācyutas tvaṃ parataḥ parasmāt
sa brahma-bhūtāt parataḥ parātmā | iti |
tathā hari-vaṃśe 'pi vipra-kumārānayana-prasaṅge arjunaṃ prati śrī-bhagavad-vākyaṃ --
tat-paraṃ paramaṃ brahma sarvaṃ vibhajate jagat |
mamaiva tad ghanaṃ tejo jñātum arhasi bhārata || (HV 2.114.11-12)
brahma-saṃhitāyām api (5.40) --
yasya prabhā prabhavato jagad-aṇḍa-koṭi-
koṭīṣv aśeṣa-vasudhādi-vibhūti-bhinnam |
tad brahma niṣkalam anantam aśeṣa-bhūtaṃ
govindam ādi-puruṣaṃ tam ahaṃ bhajāmi || iti |
aṣṭama-skandhe ca (8.24.38) --
madīyaṃ mahimānaṃc ca para-brahmeti śabditam |
vetsyasy anugṛhītaṃ me sampraśnair vivṛtaṃ hṛdi || iti bhagavad-uktiś ca |
madhusūdana-sarasvatī-pādāś ca vyācakṣate sma yathā -- nanu tvad-bhaktas tvad-bhāvam āpnotu nāma kathaṃ brahma-bhūyāya kalpate brahmaṇaḥ sakāśāt tavānyatvād ity āśaṅkyāha brahmaṇo hīti | pratiṣṭhā paryāptir aham eveti | paryāptiḥ paripūrṇatā ity amaraḥ |
parākṛta-mano-dvandvaṃ
paraṃ brahma narākṛti |
saundarya-sāra-sarvasvaṃ
vande nandātmajaṃ mahaḥ || ity upaślokayāmāsuś ca

anartha eva traiguṇyaṃ nistraiguṇyaṃ kṛtārthatā |
tac ca bhaktyaiva bhavatīty adhyāyārtho nirūpitaḥ ||
iti sārārtha-varṣiṇyāṃ harṣiṇyāṃ bhakta-cetasām |
caturdaśo 'yaṃ gītāsu saṅgataḥ saṅgataḥ satām

baladevaḥ : nanu tad-viveka-khyātyā tvad-eka-bhaktyā ca guṇātīto labdha-svarūpo brahma-śabdito muktaḥ kathaṃ tiṣṭhed iti cet tatrāha brahmaṇo hīti | hir niścaye | brahmaṇas tat-pūrvakayā tayā sattvādyāvaraṇātyayād āvirbhāvita-svaguṇāṣṭakasyāmṛtasya mṛitir nirgatasyāvyayasya tādrūpyaṇaikarasasya muktasya mad-atipriyasyāham eva vijñānānanda-mūrtir ananta-guṇo niravadyaḥ suhṛtatamaḥ sarveśvaraḥ | pratiṣṭhā pratiṣṭhīyate 'tra iti nirukteḥ paramāśrayo 'tipriyo bhavāmīti tādṛśaṃ māṃ parayā bhaktyānubhavaṃs tiṣṭhatīti | na matto viśleṣa-leśo na ca punar āvartate, yad gatvā na nivartante muktānāṃ paramā gatiḥ iti smṛtibhyaḥ |
nanu muktas tvāṃ kathaṃ śrayeta śravaṇa-phalasya mukter lābhād iti ced asty atiśayitaṃ phalam iti bhāvenāha śāśvatasya sādhāraṇasya sukhasya ca vicitra-līlā-rasasyāham eva pratiṣṭheti | tīvrānanda-rūpa-tad-vibhūti-mal-līlānubhavāya mām eva samāśrayatīty evam āha śrutiḥ raso vai saḥ, rasaṃ hy evāyaṃ labdhvānandī bhavati [TaittU 2.7.1] iti

saṃsāro guṇa-yogaḥ syād vimokṣas tu guṇātyayaḥ |
tat-siddhir hari-bhaktyaivety etad buddhaṃ caturdaśāt ||
iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye caturdaśo 'dhyāyaḥ