Bhagavadgītā-4comm with the commentaries · Chapter 112

viśvanāthaḥ : evaṃ kṣetra-jñānāt jīvātmanaḥ kṣetrajñatvam uktam, paramātmanas tu tato 'pi kārtsnyena sarva-kṣetrajñatvāt kṣetrajñatvam āha kṣetrajñam iti | sarva-kṣetreṣu niyantṛtvena sthitaṃ māṃ paramātmānaṃ kṣetrajñaṃ viddhi | jīvānāṃ pratyekam akaika-kṣetra-jñnānāṃ tad api na kṛtsnam | mama tv ekasyaiva sarva-kṣetrajñatvaṃ kṛtsnam eveti viśeṣo jñeyaḥ | kiṃ jñānam ity apekṣāyām āha kṣetreṇa saha kṣetrajñayor jīvātma-paramātanor yaj jñānaṃ kṣetra-jīvātma-paramātmanāṃ yaj jñānam
ity arthaḥ | tad eva jñānaṃ mama mataṃ sammataṃ ca | tatra -grantha-virodhād vyākhyāntareṇa ekātmavāda-pakṣo nānukartavyaḥ

baladevaḥ : kṣetra-jñānāj jīvātmanaḥ kṣetrajñatvam uktam | atha paramātmanas tad āha kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi mām iti | he bhārat sarva-kṣetreṣu māṃ ca kṣetrajñaṃ viddhi | apir avadhāraṇe | jīvāḥ svaṃ svaṃ kṣetraṃ svabhoga-mokṣa-sādhanaṃ jānantaḥ kṣetrajñāḥ prajāvat | ahaṃ tu sarveśvara eka eva sarvāṇi tāni bhartavyāni ca jānan tat-sarva-kṣetrajño rājavad ity arthaḥ | sarveśvarsyāpi kṣetreśvarasyāpi kṣetrajñatvaṃ --
kṣetrāṇi hi śarīrāṇi
bījaṃ cāpi śubhāśubhe |
tāni vetti sa yogātmā
tataḥ kṣetrajña ucyate || ity ādi smṛtibhyaḥ |
kiṃ jñānam ity apekṣāyām āha kṣetreti | kṣetreṇa sahitau kṣetrajñau jīva-parau kṣetra-kṣetrajñau | tat-sahitayos tayor mitho vivekena yaj-jñānaṃ tad eva jñānaṃ mama matam | tato 'nyathā tv ajñānam ity arthaḥ |
idam atra bodhyam --prakṛti-jīveśvarāṇāṃ bhogyatva-bhoktṛtva-niyantṛtva-dharmakatvān mithaḥ-sampṛktānām api teṣāṃ na tat tad-dharma-sāṅkaryaṃ citrāmbara-rūpavad ity evam āha sūtrakāraḥ -- na tu dṛṣṭānta-bhāvāt iti | śrutayaś ca prakṛty-ādīnāṃ vivikta-tad-dharmakatām āhuḥ[*ENDNOTE] --
pṛthag ātmānaṃ preritāraṃ ca matvā
juṣṭas tatas tenāmṛtatvam eti | [ŚvetU 1.6]
jñājñau dvāv ajāv īśānīśānāv ajā
hy ekā bhoktṛ-bhogārtha-yuktau | [ŚvetU 1.9]
kṣaraṃ pradhānam amṛtākṣaraṃ haraḥ
kṣarātmānāv īśate deva ekaḥ | [ŚvetU 1.10]
bhoktā bhogyaṃ preritāraṃ ca matvā
sarvaṃ proktaṃ trividhaṃ brahmam etat | [ŚvetU 1.12]
ajām ekām lohita-śukla-kṛṣṇāṃ
bahvīḥ prajāḥ sṛjamānāṃ sarūpāḥ |
ajo hy eko juṣamāṇo 'nuśete
jahāty enāṃ bhukta-bhogāṃ ajo 'nyaḥ || [ŚvetU 4.5]
pradhāna-kṣetrajña-patir guṇeśaḥ | [ŚvetU 6.16] ity ādayaḥ |
atrāpi kṣarākṣara-śabda-bodhyāt kṣetra-kṣetrajña-rūpād yugalāt svasya puruṣottamasyānyatvaṃ vakṣyati dvāv imau puruṣau ity ādibhis tasmān mithaḥ sampṛktānām api prakṛty-ādīnāṃ viviktatayā jñānaṃ tāttvikam iti |
yat tv ekātma-vādinaḥ kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi māṃ viddhi ity atra sāmānādhikaraṇya-pratītyā sarveśvarasyaiva sato 'syā vidyayaiva kṣetrajña-bhāvo rajjor iva bhujaṅgamatvam | tan-nivṛttaye harer āptatamasyedaṃ vākyaṃ kṣetrajñaṃ cāpi mām iti rajjur iyaṃ na bhujaṅga ity āpta-vākyād bhujaṅgatva-bhrāntir iva kṣetrajñatva-bhrāntir asmād vākyād vinaśyatīty āhus tat kilopadeśyāsambhavād eva nirastam iti dehino 'smin ity asya bhāṣye draṣṭavyam | evaṃ tu vyākhyātaṃ yujyate | ca-śabdaḥ kṣetra-samuccayārthaḥ | kṣetraṃ kṣetrajñaṃ ca mām eva viddhi | mad-adhīna-sthiti-pravṛttikatvān mad-vyāpyatvāc ca mad-ātmakaṃ
jānīhīti | evam evoktaṃ kṣetra-ksetrajñayor iti | tayor mad-adhīna-pravṛttikatvādibhir mad-ātmakatayā yaj-jñānaṃ taj jñānaṃ mama matam ito 'nyathā tv amatam iti |
BhG 13.3
tat kṣetraṃ yac ca yādṛk ca yad-vikāri yataś ca yat |
sa ca yo yat-prabhāvaś ca tat samāsena me śṛṇu

śrīdharaḥ : tatra yady api caturviṃśatyā bhedair bhinnā prakṛtiḥ kṣetram ity ābhipretaṃ tathāpi deha-rūpeṇa pariṇatāyām eva tasyām ahaṃ-bhāvena avivekaḥ sphuṭa iti | tad-vivekārtham idaṃ śarīraṃ kṣetram ity ādy uktam | tad etat prapañcayiṣyan pratijānīte tad iti | yad uktaṃ mayā kṣetraṃ tat kṣetraṃ yat svarūpato jaḍaṃ dṛśyādi-svabhāvām | yādṛg yādṛśaṃ ca icchādi-dharmakam | yad-vikāri yair indriyādi-vikārair yuktam | yataś ca prakṛti-puruṣa-saṃyogād bhavati | yad iti yaiḥ prakāraiḥ sthāvara-jaṅgamādi-bhedaiḥ, bhinnam ity arthaḥ | sa ca kṣetrajño yat-svarūpo
yat-prabhāvaś ca acintyaiśvarya-yogena yaiḥ prabhāvaiḥ sampannaḥ taṃ sarvaṃ saṅkṣepeto mattaḥ śṛṇu

madhusūdanaḥ : saṃkṣepeṇoktam arthaṃ vivarītum ārabhate tat kṣetram iti | tad idaṃ śarīram iti prāg uktaṃ jaḍa-varga-rūpaṃ kṣetraṃ yac ca svarūpeṇa jaḍa-dṛśya-paricchinnādi-svabhāvaṃ yādṛk cecchādi-dharmakaṃ yad-vikāri yair indriyādi-vikārair yuktam | yataś ca kāraṇād yat kāryam utpadyata iti śeṣaḥ | athavā yataḥ prakṛti-puruṣa-saṃyogād bhavati | yad iti yaiḥ sthāvara-jaṅgamādi-bhedair bhinnam ity arthaḥ | atrāniyamena ca-kāra-prayogāt sarva-samuccayo draṣṭavyaḥ | sa ca kṣetrajñayor yaḥ svarūpataḥ sva-prakāśa-caitanyānanda-svabhāvaḥ | yat-prabhāvaś
ca ye prabhāvā upādhi-kṛtāḥ śaktayo yasya tat-kṣetra-kṣetrajña-yāthātmyaṃ sarva-viśeṣaṇa-viśiṣṭaṃ samāsena saṃkṣepeṇa me mama vacanāc chṛṇu | śrutvāvadhārayety arthaḥ ||13.3||
viśvanāthaḥ : saṅkṣepeṇoktam arthaṃ vivaritum ārabhate tat kṣetraṃ śarīraṃ yac ca mahābhūta-prāṇendriyādi-saṅghāta-rūpam | yādṛk yādṛśecchādi-dharmakam | yad vikāri vairi-priyādi-vikārair yuktam | yataś ca prakṛti-puruṣa-saṃyogād udbhūtam | yad iti yaiḥ sthāvara-jaṅgamādi-bhedair bhinnam ity arthaḥ | sa kṣetrajño jīvātmā paramātmā ca | yat tad iti napuṃsakam anapuṃsakennaikavac ceti eka-śeṣaḥ | samāsena saṅkṣepeṇa

baladevaḥ : saṅkṣepeṇoktam arthaṃ viśadayitum āha tad iti | tat kṣetraṃ śarīraṃ yac ca yad dravyaṃ yādṛk yad-āśraya-bhūtaṃ yad-vikāri yair vikārair upetaṃ | yataś ca hetor udbhūtaṃ yat prayojanakaṃ ca | yad iti yat svarūpaṃ | sa ca kṣetrajño jīva-lakṣaṇaḥ pareśa-lakṣaṇaś ca yo yat svarūpo ya-prabhāvo yac-chaktikaś ca | napuṃsakam anapuṃsakenaikav cāsyānyatrasyām iti sūtrāt

BhG 13.4
ṛṣibhir bahudhā gītaṃ chandobhir vividhaiḥ pṛthak |
brahma-sūtra-padaiś caiva hetumadbhir viniścitaiḥ

śrīdharaḥ : kair vistareṇoktasyāyaṃ saṅkṣepa ity apekṣāyām āha ṛṣibhir iti | ṛṣibhir vaśiṣṭhādibhiḥ | yoga-śāstreṣu dhyāna-dhāraṇādi-viṣayatvena virājādirūpeṇa bahudhā gītaṃ nirūpitam | vividhair vicitrair nitya-naimittaika-kāmya-karmādi-viṣayaiḥ | chandobhir vedaiḥ | nānā-yajanīya-devatādi-rūpeṇa bahudhā gītam | brahmaṇaḥ sūtraiḥ padaiś ca | brahma sūtryate sūcyate ebhir iti brahma-sūtrāṇi | yato vā imāni bhūtāni jāyante [TaittU 3.1.1] ity ādīni taṭastha-lakṣaṇa-parāṇy upaniṣad-vākyāni | tathā ca brahma padyate gamyate sākṣāj jñāyata ebhir iti padāni svarūpa-lakṣaṇa-parāṇi satyaṃ jñānam anantaṃ
brahma ity ādīni | taiś ca bahudhā gītam | kiṃ ca hetumadbhiḥ sad eva saumyedam agra āsīt katham asataḥ saj jāyeta [Chā 6.2.1] iti | tathā ko hy evānyāt kaḥ prāṇyāt yad eṣa ākāśa ānando na syāt eṣa hy evānandayati [TaittU 2.7.1] ity ādi yuktimadbhiḥ | anyād apāna-ceṣṭāṃ kaḥ kuryāt | prāṇyāt prāṇa-vyāpāraṃ vā kaḥ kuryāt iti śruti-padayor arthaḥ | viniścitair upakramopasaṃhāraika-vākyatayā 'sandigdhārtha-pratipādakair ity arthaḥ | tad evam etair vistareṇoktaṃ duḥsaṅgrahaṃ saṅkṣepatas tubhyaṃ kathayiṣyāmi | tac chṛṇv ity arthaḥ | yad vā athāto brahma-jijñāsā [Vs. 1.1.1] ity ādīni brahma-sūtrāṇi
gṛhyante | tāny eva brahma padyate niścīyate ebhir iti padāni | tair hetumadbhiḥ īkṣater nāśabdam [Vs. 1.1.5], ānandamayo 'bhyāsāt [Vs 1.1.13] ity ādibhir yuktimadbhir viniścitair ity arthaḥ | śeṣaṃ samānam

madhusūdanaḥ : kair vistareṇoktasyāyaṃ saṃkṣepa ity apekṣāyāṃ śrotṛ-buddhi-prarocanārthaṃ stuvann āha ṛṣibhir iti | ṛṣibhir vasiṣṭhādibhir yoga-śāstreṣu dhāraṇā-dhyāna-viṣayatvena bahudhā gītaṃ nirūpitam | etena yoga-śāstra-pratipādyatvam uktam | vividhair nitya-naimittika-kāmya-karmādi-viṣayaiś chandobhir ṛg-ādi-mantrair brāhmaṇaiś ca pṛthag vivekato gītam | etena karma-kāṇḍa-pratipādyatvam uktam | brahma-sūtra-padaiś ca brahma sūtryate sūcyate kiṃcid vyavadhānena pratipādyata ebhir iti brahma-sūtrāṇi -- yato vā imāni bhūtāni jāyante | yena jātāni jīvanti | yat prayanty abhisaṃviśanti | [TaittU 3.1.1] ity ādīni taṭastha-lakṣaṇa-parāṇy upaniṣad-vākyāni
tathā padyate brahma sākṣāt pratipādyata ebhir iti padāni svarūpa-lakṣaṇa-parāṇi satyaṃ jñānam anantaṃ brahma ity ādīni tair brahma-sūtraiḥ padaiś ca | hetumadbhiḥ -- sad eva saumyedam agra āsīd.. ekam evādvitīyam [Chā 6.2.1] ity upakramya tad dhaika āhur asad evedam agra āsīd ekam evādvitīyaṃ tasmād asataḥ saj jāyate iti nāstika-matam upanyasya kutas tu khalu somyaivaṃ syād iti hovāca katham asataḥ saj jāyate ity ādi-yuktīḥ pratipādayadbhir viniścitair upakramopasaṃhāraika-vākyatayā sandeha-śūnyārtha-pratipādakair bahudhā gītaṃ ca | etena jñāna-kāṇḍa-pratipādyatvam uktam | evam etair ativastareṇoktaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-yāthātmyaṃ saṃkṣepeṇa
tubhyaṃ kathayiṣyāmi tac chṛṇv ity arthaḥ | athavā brahma-sūtrāṇi tāni padāni ceti karma-dhārayaḥ | tatra vidyā-sūtrāṇi ātmety evopāsīta ity ādīni avidyā-sūtrāṇi na sa veda yathā paśuḥ ity ādīni tair gītam iti

viśvanāthaḥ : kair vistareṇoktasyāyaṃ saṅkṣepa ity apekṣāyām āha ṛṣibhir vaśiṣṭhādibhir yoga-śāstreṣu | chandobhir vedaiḥ | brahma-sūtrāṇi athāto brahma-jijñāsā [Vs. 1.1.1] ity ādīni tāny eva sūtrāṇi | brahma padyate jñāyate ebhir iti tāni | tathā taiḥ kīdṛśair hetumadbhiḥ | īkṣater nāśabdam [Vs. 1.1.5], ānandamayo 'bhyāsāt [Vs. 1.1.13] iti yuktimadbhir viniścitair viśeṣato niścitārthaiḥ |
baladevaḥ : idaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-yāthātmyaṃ kair vistareṇoktaṃ yat samāsena brūṣa ity apekṣāyām āha ṛṣibhir iti | ṛṣibhiḥ parāśarādibhir etat kṣetrādi-svarūpaṃ bahudhā gītam -
ahaṃ tvaṃ ca tathānye bhūtair uhyāma pārthiva |
guṇa-pravāha-patito bhūta-vargo 'pi yāty ayam ||
karma-vaśyā guṇā hy ete sattvādyāḥ pṛthivī-pate |
avidyā-sañcitaṃ karma tac cāśeṣeṣu jantuṣu ||
ātmā śuddho 'kṣaraḥ śānto nirguṇaḥ prakṛteḥ paraḥ |
pravṛddhy-apacayau nāsya ekasyākhila-jantuṣu || [ViP 2.13.69]
ity ādibhiḥ | tathā chandobhir vedair vividhair sarvair bahudhā tad gītaṃ yajuḥ-śākhāyāṃ tasmād vā etasmād ātmana ākāśaḥ sambhūtaḥ [TaittU 2.1.3] ity ādinā brahma pucchaṃ pratiṣṭhā [TaittU 2.5.1] ity antenānnamaya-prāṇa-maya-mano-maya-vijñāna-mayānanda-mayāḥ pañca puruṣāḥ paṭhitās teṣv anna-mayādi-trayaṃ jaḍaṃ kṣetra-svarūpaṃ, tato bhinno vijñāna-mayo jīvas tasya bhokteti jīva-kṣetrajña-svarūpaṃ | tasmāc ca bhinnaḥ sarvāntara ānanda-maya itīśvara-kṣetrajña-svarūpam uktam | evaṃ vedāntareṣu mṛgyam | brahma-sūtra-rūpaiḥ padair vākyaiś ca tad-yāthātmyaṃ
gītam | teṣu na viyad aśruteḥ [Vs. 2.3.1] ity ādinā kṣetra-svarūpaṃ, nātmā śruteḥ [Vs. 2.3.18] ity ādinā jīva-svarūpaṃ, parāt tu tac chruteḥ [Vs. 2.3.39] ity ādineśvara-svarūpam | sphuṭam anyat ||
BhG 13.5-6
mahā-bhūtāny ahaṃkāro buddhir avyaktam eva ca |
indriyāṇi daśaikaṃ ca pañca cendriya-gocarāḥ

icchā dveṣaḥ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ saṃghātaś cetanā dhṛtiḥ |
etat kṣetraṃ samāsena sa-vikāram udāhṛtam

śrīdharaḥ : tatra kṣetra-svarūpam āha mahābhūtānīti dvābhyām | mahā-bhūtāni bhūmy-ādīni pañca | ahaṅkāras tat-kāraṇa-bhūtaḥ | buddhir vijñānātmakaṃ mahat-tattvam | avyaktaṃ mūla-prakṛtiḥ | indriyāṇi daśa bāhyāni jñāna-karmendriyāṇi | ekaṃ ca manaḥ | indriya-goccarāś ca pañca tan-mātra-rūpā eva śabdādaya ākāśādi-viśeṣa-guṇatayā vyaktāḥ santa indriya-viṣayāḥ pañca tad evaṃ caturviṃśati-tattvāni uktāni

iccheti | icchādayaḥ prasiddhāḥ | saṅghātaḥ śarīram | cetanā jñānātmikā mano-vṛttiḥ | dhṛtir dhairyam | ete ceddhādayo dṛśyatvān nātma-dharmāḥ, api tu mano-dharmā eva | ataḥ kṣetrāntaḥpātina eva | upalakṣaṇaṃ caitat saṅkalpādīnām | tathā ca śrutiḥ -- kāmaḥ saṅkalpo vicikitsā śraddhāśraddhā dhṛtir adhṛtir hrīr dhīr bhīr ity etat sarvaṃ mana eva [BAU 1.5.3] iti | anena ca yādṛg iti pratijñātāḥ kṣetra-dharmā darśitāḥ | etat kṣetraṃ savikāram indriyādi-vikāra-sahitaṃ saṅkṣepeṇa tubhyaṃ mayoktam iti kṣetropasaṃhāraḥ

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ prarocitāyārjunāya kṣetra-svarūpaṃ tāvad āha dvābhyām | mahānti bhūtāni bhūmy-ādīni pañca | ahaṅkāras tat-kāraṇa-bhūto 'bhimāna-lakṣaṇaḥ | buddhir ahaṅkāra-kāraṇaṃ mahat-tattvam adhyavasāya-lakṣaṇam | avyaktaṃ tat-kāraṇaṃ sattva-rajas-tamo-guṇātmakaṃ pradhānaṃ sarva-kāraṇaṃ na kasyāpi kāryam | eva-kāraḥ prakṛty-avadhāraṇārthaḥ | etāvaty evāṣṭadhā prakṛtiḥ | ca-śabdo bheda-samuccayārthaḥ | tad evaṃ sāṅkhya-matena vyākhyātam | aupaniṣadānāṃ tu avyaktam avyākṛtam anirvacanīyaṃ māyākhyā pārameśvarī śaktiḥ | mama māyā duratyayā
ity uktam | buddhiḥ sargādau tad-viṣayam īkṣaṇam | ahaṅkāra īkṣaṇānantaram ahaṃ bahu syām iti saṅkalpaḥ | tata ākāśādi-krameṇa pañca-bhūtotpattir iti | na hy avyakta-mahad-ahaṅkārāḥ sāṅkhya-siddhā aupaniṣadair upagamyante 'śabdatvādi-hetubhir iti sthitam | māyāṃ tu prakṛtiṃ vidyān māyinaṃ tu maheśvaram [ŚvetU 4.10] te dhyāna-yogānugatā apaśyan devātma-śaktiṃ sva-guṇair nigūḍhām [ŚvetU 1.3] iti śruti-pratipāditam avyaktam | tad aikṣata itīkṣaṇa-rūpā buddhiḥ | bahu syāṃ prajāyeya [ChāU 6.2.3] iti bahu-bhavana-saṅkalpa-rūpo 'haṅkāraḥ | tasmād vā etasmād ātmana ākāśaḥ sambhūtaḥ | ākāśād vāyuḥ | vāyor
agniḥ | agner āpaḥ | adbhyaḥ pṛthivī [TaittU 1.1] iti pañca bhūtāni śrautāni | ayam eva pakṣaḥ sādhīyān |
indriyāṇi daśaikaṃ ca śrotra-tvak-cakṣū-rasana-ghrāṇākhyāni pañca buddhīndriyāṇi vāk-pāṇi-pāda-pāyūpasthākhyāni pañca karmendriyāṇīti tāni | ekaṃ ca manaḥ saṅkalpa-vikalpātmakam | pañca cendriya-goccarāḥ śabda-sparśa-rūpa-rasa-gandhās te buddhīndriyāṇāṃ jñāpyatvena viṣayāḥ karmendriyāṇāṃ tu kāryatvena | tāny etāni sāṅkhyāś caturviṃśati-tattvāny ācakṣante

icchā sukhe tat-sādhane cedaṃ me bhūyād iti spṛhātmā citta-vṛttiḥ kāma iti rāga iti cocyate | dveṣo duḥkhe tat-sādhane cedaṃ me mā bhūd iti spṛhā-virodhinī citta-vṛttiḥ krodha itīrṣyeti cocyate | sukhaṃ nirupādhīcchā-viṣayībhūtā dharmāsādhāraṇa-kāraṇikā citta-vṛttiḥ paramātma-sukha-vyañjikā | duḥkhaṃ nirupādhi-dveṣa-viṣayībhūtā citta-vṛttir adharmāsādhāraṇa-kāraṇikā | saṃghātaḥ pañca-mahā-bhūta-pariṇāmaḥ sendriyaṃ śarīram | cetanā svarūpa-jñāna-vyañjikā pramāṇa-sādhāraṇa-kāraṇikā citta-vṛttir jñānākhyā | dhṛtir avasannānāṃ dehendriyāṇām avaṣṭambha-hetuḥ prayatnaḥ | upalakṣaṇam
etad icchādi-grahaṇam sarvāntaḥ-karaṇa-dharmāṇām | tathā ca śrutiḥ - kāmaḥ saṅkalpo vicikitsā śraddhā dhṛtir hrīr dhīr bhīr ity etat sarvaṃ mana eva [BAU 1.5.3] iti mṛd-ghaṭa itivad upādānābhedena kāryāṇāṃ kāmādīnāṃ mano-dharmatvam āha | etat paridṛśyamānaṃ sarvaṃ mahā-bhūtādi-dhṛty-antaṃ jaḍaṃ kṣetrajñena sākṣiṇāvabhāsyamānatvāt tad-anātmakaṃ kṣetraṃ bhāsyam acetanaṃ samāsenodāhṛtam uktam |
nanu śarīrendriya-saṃghāta eva cetanaḥ kṣetrajña iti lokāyatikāḥ | cetanā kṣaṇikaṃ jñānam evātmeti sugatāḥ | icchā-dveṣa-prayatna-sukha-duḥkha-jñānāny ātmano liṅgam iti naiyāyikāḥ | tat kathaṃ kṣetram evaitat sarvam iti ? tatrāha sa-vikāram iti | vikāro janmādir nāśāntaḥ pariṇāmo nairuktaiḥ paṭhitaḥ | tat-sahitaṃ sa-vikāram idaṃ mahā-bhūtādi-dhṛty-antam ato na vikāra-sākṣi svotpatti-vināśayoḥ svena draṣṭum aśakyatvāt | anyeṣām api sva-dharmāṇāṃ sva-darśanam antareṇa darśanānupapatteḥ svenaiva sva-darśane ca kartṛ-karma-virodhān nirvikāra eva sarva-vikāra-sākṣī
| tad uktaṃ -
na rte syād vikriyāṃ duḥkhī sākṣitā kā vikāriṇaḥ |
dhī-vikriyā-sahasrāṇāṃ sākṣyato 'ham avikriyaḥ || iti |
tena vikāritvam eva kṣetra-cihnaṃ na tu parigaṇanam ity arthaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : tatra kṣetrasya svarūpam āha mahābhūtāny ākāśādīny ahaṅkāras tat-kāraṇam | buddhir vijñānātmakaṃ mahat-tattva, ahaṅkāra-kāraṇam | avyaktaṃ prakṛtir mahat-tattva-kāraṇam | indriyāṇi śrotrādīni daśaikaṃ ca manaḥ | indriya-gocarāḥ pañca śabdādayo viṣayās tad evaṃ caturviṃśati-tattvātmakam iti | icchādayaḥ prasiddhāḥ | saṅghātaḥ pañca-mahābhūta-pariṇāmo dehaḥ | cetanā jñānātmikā mano-vṛttir dhṛtir dhairyam icchādayaś caite mano-dharmā eva na tv ātma-dharmāḥ | ataḥ kṣetrāntaḥpātina eva | upalakṣaṇaṃ caitat saṅkalpādīnām | tathā ca śrutiḥ -- kāmaḥ saṅkalpo vicikitsā
śraddhā dhṛtir hrīr dhīr bhīr ity etat sarvaṃ mana eva [BAU 1.5.3] iti | anena yādṛg iti pratijñātāḥ kṣetra-dharmā darśitāḥ | etat kṣetraṃ sa-vikāraṃ janmādi-ṣaḍ-vikāra-sahitam ||5-6||
baladevaḥ : tat kṣetraṃ yac ca ity ādyārdhakena vaktuṃ pratijñātaṃ kṣetra-svarūpam āha -- mahābhūtānīti dvābhyām | mahābhūtāni pañca khādīny ahaṅkāras tad-dhetus tāmaso bhūtādi-saṃjño buddhis tad-dheutr jñāna-pradhāno mahān avyaktaṃ tad-dhetuḥ | triguṇāvasthaṃ pradhānam indriyāṇi śrotrādīni pañca vāg-ādīni ca pañceti bhūtādi-khādy-antarālikāḥ sūkṣmāḥ śabdādi-tanmātrāḥ khādi-viśeṣa-guṇatayā vyaktāḥ santaḥ sthūlāḥ śrotrādi-pañcaka-grāhyā viṣayā ity arthaḥ | evaṃ caturviṃśati-tattvātmakaṃ kṣetraṃ jñeyam | icchādayaś catvāraḥ
prasiddhāḥ saṅkalpādīnām upalakṣaṇam etat | ete manodharmāḥ kāmaḥ saṅkalpo vicikitsā śraddhā dhṛtir hrīr dhīr bhīr iti śruteḥ | yadyapy ātma-dharmā icchādayo ya ātmā ity ādau satya-kāmaḥ satya-saṅkalpaḥ iti śravaṇāt, paṭhed ya icchet puruṣaḥ iti sahasranāma-stotrāt, puruṣaḥ sukha-duḥkhānāṃ bhoktṛtve hetur uchyate iti vakṣyamāṇāc ca, tathāpi mano-dvārābhivyakter manodharmatvam | ataḥ kṣetrāntaḥpātaḥ | saṅghāto bhūta-pariṇāmo dehaḥ | sa ca cetanā dhṛitr bhogāya mokṣāya ca yatamānasya cetanasya jīvasyādhāratayotpanna ity arthaḥ | atra pradhānādi-dravyāṇi kṣetrārambhakāṇiti,
ya cety asya śrotrādīndiriyāṇi śrotrāśritānīti yādṛg ity asyencchādīni kṣetra-kāryāṇīti | yad-vikārīty asya cetanā dhṛtir iti | yataś cety asya saṅghāta iti | yad ity asottaram uktam | etat kṣetraṃ savikāraṃ janmādi-ṣaḍ-vikāropetam udāhṛtam uktam ||5-6||
BhG 13.7-11
amānitvam adambhitvam ahiṃsā kṣāntir ārjavam |
ācāryopāsanaṃ śaucaṃ sthairyam ātma-vinigrahaḥ

indriyārtheṣu vairāgyam anahaṃkāra eva ca |
janma-mṛtyu-jarā-vyādhi-duḥkha-doṣānudarśanam

asaktir anabhiṣvaṅgaḥ putra-dāra-gṛhādiṣu |
nityaṃ ca sama-cittatvam iṣṭāniṣṭopapattiṣu

mayi cānanya-yogena bhaktir avyabhicāriṇī |
vivikta-deśa-sevitvam aratir jana-saṃsadi

adhyātma-jñāna-nityatvaṃ tattva-jñānārtha-darśanam |
etaj jñānam iti proktam ajñānaṃ yad ato 'nyathā

śrīdharaḥ : idānīm ukta-lakṣaṇāt kṣetrāt atiriktatayā jñeyaṃ śuddhaṃ kṣetrajñaṃ vistareṇa varṇayiṣyan śuddha-jñāna-sādhanāny āha amānitvam iti pañcabhiḥ | amānitvaṃ sva-guṇa-ślāghā-rāhityam | adambhitvaṃ dambha-rāhityam | ahiṃsā para-pīḍā-varjanam | kṣāntiḥ sahiṣṇutvam | ārjavam avakratā | ācāryopāsanaṃ sad-guru-sevā | śaucaṃ bāhma ābhyantaraṃ ca | tatra bāhyaṃ mṛj-jalādinā, ābhyantaraṃ ca rāgādi-mala-kṣālanam | tathā ca śrutiḥ --
śaucaṃ ca dvividhaṃ proktaṃ
bāhyam abhyantaraṃ tathā |
mṛj-jalābhyāṃ smṛtaṃ bāhyaṃ
bhāva-śuddhis tathāntaram || iti |
dhairyaṃ san-mārge pravṛttasya tad-eka-niṣṭhatā | ātma-vinigrahaḥ śarīra-saṃyamaḥ | etaj jñānam iti proktam iti pañcamenānvayaḥ || kiṃ ca mayīti | mayi parameśvare | ananya-yogena sarvātma-dṛṣṭyā | avyābhicāriṇy ekāntā bhaktiḥ | viviktaḥ śuddha-citta-prasāda-karaḥ | taṃ deśaṃ sevituṃ śīlaṃ yasya tasya bhāvas tattvam | prākṛtānāṃ janānāṃ saṃsadi sabhāyām aratī raty-abhāvaḥ | kiṃ ca adhyātmeti | ātmānam adhikṛtya vartamānaṃ jñānam adhyātma-jñānam | tasmin nityatvaṃ nitya-bhāvaḥ | tattvaṃ padārtha-buddhi-niṣṭhatvam ity arthaḥ | tattva-jñānasyārthaḥ
prayojanaṃ mokṣas tasya darśanaṃ mokṣasya sarvotkṛṣṭatvālocanam ity arthaḥ | etad amānitvam adambhitvam ity ādi viṃśati-saṅkhyakaṃ yad uktam etaj jñānam iti proktaṃ vaśiṣṭhādibhiḥ jñāna-sādhanatvāt |ato 'nyathāsmād viparītaṃ mānitvādi yat tad ajñānam iti proktam | jñāna-virodhitvāt ataḥ sarvathā tyājyam ity arthaḥ ||7-11||
madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ kṣetraṃ pratipādya tat-sākṣiṇaṃ kṣetrajñaṃ kṣetrād vivekena vistarāt pratipādayituṃ taj-jñāna-yogyatvāyāmānitvādi-sādhanāny āha jñeyaṃ yat tad ity ataḥ prāktanaiḥ pañcabhiḥ amānitvam iti | vidyamānair avidyamānair vā guṇair ātmanaḥ ślāghanaṃ mānitvaṃ, lābha-pūjākhyātyarthaṃ svadharma-prakaṭī-karaṇaṃ dāmbhitvaṃ, kāya-vāṅ-manobhiḥ prāṇināṃ pīḍanaṃ hiṃsā, teṣāṃ varjanam amānitvam adambhitvam ahiṃsety uktam | parāparādhe citta-vikāra-hetau prāpte 'pi nirvikāra-cittatayā tad-aparādha-sahanaṃ
kṣāntiḥ | ārjavam akauṭilyaṃ yathā-hṛdayaṃ vyavaharaṇaṃ para-pratāraṇā-rāhityam iti yāvat | ācāryo mokṣa-sādhanasyopadeṣṭātra vivakṣito na tu manūkta upanīyādhyāpakaḥ | tasya śuśrūṣānamaskārādi-prayogeṇa sevanam ācāryopāsanam | śaucaṃ bāhyaṃ kāya-malānāṃ mṛj-jalābhyāṃ kṣālanam ābhyantaraṃ ca mano-malānāṃ rāgādīnāṃ viṣaya-doṣa-darśana-rūpa-pratipakṣa-bhāvanayāpanayanam | sthairyaṃ mokṣa-sādhane pravṛttasyāneka-vidha-vighna-prāptāv api tad-aparityāgena punaḥ punar yatrādhikyam | ātma-vinigraha ātmano dehendriya-saṃghātasya
svabhāva-prāptāṃ mokṣa-pratikūle pravṛttiṃ nirudhya mokṣa-sādhana eva vyavasthāpanam

kiṃ ca - indriyārtheṣu śabdādiṣu dṛṣṭeṣv ānuśravikeṣu vā bhogeṣu rāga-virodhiny aspṛhātmikā citta-vṛttir vairāgyam | ātma-ślāghanābhāve 'pi manasi prādurbhūto 'haṃ sarvotkṛṣṭa iti garvo 'haṅkāras tad-abhāvo 'nahaṅkāraḥ | ayoga-vyavacchedārtham eva-kāraḥ | samuccayārthaś ca-kāraḥ | tenāmānitvādīnāṃ viṃśati-saṅkhyākānāṃ samucito yoga eva jñānam iti proktaṃ na tv ekasyāpy abhāva ity arthaḥ | janmano garbha-vāsa-yoni-dvāra-niḥsaraṇa-rūpasya mṛtyoḥ sarva-marma-cchedana-rūpasya jarāyāḥ prajñā-śakti-tejo-nirodha-para-paribhavādi-rūpāyā vyādhīnāṃ jvarātisārādi-rūpāṇāṃ duḥkhānām
iṣṭa-viyogāniṣṭa-saṃyogāniṣṭa-saṃyogāniṣṭa-saṃyoga-jānām adhyātmādhibhūtādhidaiva-nimittānāṃ doṣasya vāta-pitta-śleṣma-mala-mūtrādi-paripūrṇatvena kāya-jugupsitatvasya cānudarśanaṃ punaḥ punar ālocanaṃ janmādi-duḥkhānteṣu doṣasyānudarśanaṃ janmādi-vyādhy-anteṣu duḥkha-rūpa-doṣasyānudarśanam iti vā | idaṃ ca viṣaya-vairāgya-hetutvenātma-darśanasyopakaroti

kiṃ ca | saktir mamedam ity etāvan-mātreṇa prītiḥ | abhiṣvaṅgas tv aham evāyam ity ananyatva-bhāvanayā prīty-atiśayo 'nyasmin sukhini duḥkhini vāham eva sukhī duḥkhī ceti | tad-rāhityam asaktir anabhiṣvaṅga iti coktam | kutra sakty-abhiṣvaṅgau varjanīyāv ata āha putra-dāra-gṛhādiṣu putreṣu dāreṣu gṛheṣu | ādi-grahaṇād anyeṣv api bhṛtyādiṣu sarveṣu sneha-viṣayeṣv ity arthaḥ | nityaṃ ca sarvadā ca sama-cittatvaṃ harṣa-viṣāda-śūnya-manastvam iṣṭāniṣṭopapattiṣu | upapattiḥ prāptiḥ | iṣṭopapattiṣu harṣābhāvo
'niṣṭopapattiṣu viṣādābhāva ity arthaḥ | caḥ samuccaye

kiṃ ca | mayi ca bhagavati vāsudeve parameśvare bhaktiḥ sarvotkṛṣṭatva-jñāna-pūrvikā prītiḥ | ananya-yogena nānyo bhagavato vāsudevāt paro 'sty ataḥ sa eva no gatir ity evaṃ niścayenāpy avyabhicāriṇī kenāpi pratikūlena hetunā nivārayitum aśakyā | sāpi jñāna-hetuḥ prītir na yāvan mayi vāsudeva na mucyate deha-yogena tāvat [BhP 5.5.6] ity ukteḥ |
viviktaḥ svabhāvataḥ saṃskārato vā śuddho 'śucibhiḥ sarpa-vyāghrādibhiś ca rahitaḥ suradhunī-pulinādi-śrita-prasāda-karo deśas tat-sevana-śīlatvaṃ vivikta-deśa-sevitvam | tathā ca śrutiḥ -
same śucau śarkarā-vahni-bālukā-
vivarjite śabda-jalāśrayādibhiḥ |
mano 'nukūle na tu cakṣu-pīḍane
guhā-nivātāśrayaṇe prayojayet || [ŚvetU 2.10] iti |
janānām ātma-jñāna-vimukhānāṃ viṣaya-bhoga-lampaṭatopadeśakānāṃ saṃsadi samavāye tattva-jñāna-pratikūlāyām aratir aramaṇaṃ sādhūnāṃ tu saṃsadi tattva-jñānānukūlāyāṃ ratir ucitaiva | tathā coktam -
saṅgaḥ sarvātmanā heyaḥ sa cety uktaṃ na śakyate |
sa sadbhiḥ saha kartavyaḥ sataḥ saṅgo hi bheṣajam || iti

kiṃ ca | adhyātma-jñānam ātmānam adhikṛtya pravṛttam ātmānātma-viveka-jñānam adhyātma-jñānaṃ tasmin nityatvaṃ tatraiva niṣṭhāvattvam | viveka-niṣṭho hi vākyārtha-jñāna-samartho bhavati | tattva-jñānasyāhaṃ brahmāsmīti sākṣātkārasya vedānta-vākya-karaṇakasyāmānityatvādi-sarva-sādhana-paripāka-phalasyārthaḥ prayojanam avidyā-tat-kāryātmaka-nikhila-duḥkha-nivṛtti-rūpaḥ paramānandātmāvāpti-rūpaś ca mokṣas tasya darśanam ālocanam | tattva-jñāna-phalālocane hi tat-sādhane pravṛttiḥ syāt | etad amānitvādi-tattva-jñānārtha-darśanāntaṃ viṃśati-saṅkhyākaṃ jñānam iti proktaṃ jñānārthatvāt | ato 'nyathāsmād viparītaṃ mānitvādi yat tad ajñānam iti proktaṃ
jñāna-virodhitvāt | tasmād ajñāna-parityāgena jñānam evopādeyam iti bhāvaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : ukta-lakṣaṇāt kṣetrād viviktatayā jñeyau jīvātma-paramātmānau kṣetrajñau vistareṇa varṇayiṣyan taj-jñānasya sādhanāny amānitvādīni viṃśatim āha pañcabhiḥ | atrāṣṭadaśa bhaktānāṃ jñānināṃ ca sādhāraṇāni kintu bhaktaiḥ mayi cānanya-yogena bhaktir avyabhicāriṇī ity ekam eva bhagavad-anubhava-sādhanatvena yatnataḥ kriyate | anyāni spatadaśoktābhyāsavatāṃ teṣāṃ svata evotpadyante na tu teṣu yatna iti sāmpradāyikāḥ | antime dve tu jñāninām asādhāraṇa eva |
atrāmānitvādīni vispaṣṭārthāni | śaucaṃ bāhyam abhyantaraṃ ca tathā ca smṛtiḥ --
śaucaṃ ca dvividhaṃ proktaṃ
bāhyam abhyantaraṃ tathā |
mṛj-jalābhyāṃ smṛtaṃ bāhyaṃ
bhāva-śuddhis tathāntaram || iti |
ātma-vinigrahaḥ śarīra-saṃyamaḥ | janmādiṣu duḥkha-rūpasya doṣasyānudarśanaṃ punaḥ punaḥ paryālocanam | asaktiḥ putrādiṣu prīt-tyāgo 'nabhiṣvaṅgaḥ putrādīnāṃ sukhe duḥkhe cāham eva sukhī duḥkhīty adhyāsābhāva iṣṭāniṣṭayor vyavahārikayor upapattiṣu prāptiṣu nityaṃ sarvadā samacittatvam | mayi śyāmasundarākāre 'nanya-yogena jñāna-karma-tapo-yogādy-amiśraṇena bhaktiś ca-kārād jñānādi-miśraṇa-prādhānyena ca | ādyā bhaktair anuṣṭheyā dvitīyā jñānibhir iti kecid, anye tv ananyā bhaktir yathā-premṇaḥ sādhanaṃ tathā paramātmānubhavasyāpīti
jñāpanārtham atra ṣaṭke 'py uktir iti bhaktā vyācakṣate | jñāninas tv ananyenaiva yogena sarvātma-dṛṣṭyeti | avyabhicāriṇī pratidinam eva kartavyā | kenāpi nivārayitum aśakyā iti madhusūdana-sarasvatī-pādāḥ | ātmānam adhikṛtya vartamāṇaṃ jñānam adhyātma-jñānam | tasya nityatvaṃ nityānuṣṭheyatvaṃ padārtha-śuddhi-niṣṭhatvam ity arthaḥ | tattva-jñānasyārthaḥ prayojanaṃ mokṣas tasya darśanaṃ svābhīṣṭatvenālocanam ity arthaḥ | etad viṃśatikaṃ jñānaṃ sādhāraṇyena jīvātma-paramātmanor jñānasya sādhanam | asādhāraṇaṃ paramātma-jñānaṃ tv agre vaktavyam | tato 'nyathāsmād viparītaṃ
mānitvādikam ||7-11||
baladevaḥ : athoktāt kṣetrād vibhinnatvena jñeyaṃ kṣetrajña-dvayaṃ vistareṇa nirūpayiṣyan taj-jñāna-sādhanāny amānitvādīni viṃśatim āha pañcabhiḥ | amānitvaṃ sva-satkārānapekṣatvam | adambhitvaṃ dhārmikatva-khāti-phalaka-dharmācaraṇa-virahaḥ | ahiṃsā parāpīḍanam | kṣāntir apamāna-sahiṣṇutā | ārjavam cchadmiṣv api sāralyam | ācāryopāsanaṃ jñāna-pradasya guror akaitavena saṃsevanam | śaucaṃ bāhyābhyantara-pāvitryam |
śaucaṃ ca dvividhaṃ proktaṃ
bāhyam abhyantaraṃ tathā |
mṛj-jalābhyāṃ smṛtaṃ bāhyaṃ
bhāva-śuddhis tathāntaram || iti smṛteḥ |
sthairyaṃ sad-vartmaika-niṣṭhatvam | ātma-vinigrahaḥ ātmānusandhi-pratīpād viṣayān manaso niyamanam | indriyārtheṣu śabdādi-viṣayeṣu pratīpeṣu vairāgyaṃ rucy-abhāvaḥ | anahaṅkāro dehādiṣv ātmābhimāna-tyāgaḥ | janmādiṣu duḥkha-rūpasya doṣasyānudarśanaṃ punaḥ punaś cintanam | putrādiṣu paramārtha-pratīpeṣv asaktiḥ pīti-tyāgaḥ | anabhiṣvaṅgas teṣu sukhiṣu duḥkhiṣu ca satsu tat-sukha-duḥkhānabhiniveśaḥ | iṣṭāniṣṭānām anukūla-pratikūlānām arthānām upapattiṣu
prāptiṣu samacittatvaṃ harṣa-viṣāda-virahaḥ | nityaṃ sarvadā |
mayi parameśe 'vyābhicāriṇī sthirā bhaktiḥ śravaṇādyā | ananya-yogenaikāntitvena mad-bhakta-sevā | tathā vivikta-deśa-sevitvaṃ nirjana-sthāna-priyatā janānāṃ grāmyāṇāṃ saṃsadi rati-tyāgaḥ | adhyātmam ātmani yaj jñānaṃ tasya nityatvaṃ sarvadā vimṛśyatvam | tattvaṃ tv ahaṃ paraṃ brahma vadanti tattva-vidas tattvaṃ yaj jñānam advayam ity ādi smṛteḥ | taj jñānasya yo 'rthas tat-prāpti-lakṣaṇas tasya darśanaṃ hṛdi smaraṇam | etad amānitvādikaṃ jñānaṃ paramparayā sākṣāc ca tad-upalabdhi-sādhanaṃ proktam | jñāyate upalabhyate 'nena iti vyutpatteḥ | yat tato 'nyathā viparītaṃ mānitvādi tad ajñānaṃ
tad-upalabdhi-virodhīti ||7-11||
BhG 13.12
jñeyaṃ yat tat pravakṣyāmi yaj jñātvāmṛtam aśnute |
anādimat paraṃ brahma na sat tan nāsad ucyate

śrīdharaḥ : ebhiḥ sādhanair yaj jñeyaṃ tad āha jñeyam iti ṣaḍbhiḥ | yaj jñeyaṃ tat pravakṣyāmi | śrotur ādara-siddhaye jñāna-phalaṃ darśayati | yad vakṣyamāṇaṃ jñātvāmṛtaṃ mokṣaṃ prāpnoti | kiṃ tat anādimat | ādiman na bhavati iti anādimat | paraṃ niratiśayaṃ brahma | anādi ity etāvataiva bahuvrīhiṇānādimattve siddhe 'pi punar matupaḥ prayogaś chāndasaḥ | yad vā anādīti mat-param iti ca pada-dvayam | mam viṣṇoḥ paraṃ nirviśeṣaṃ rūpaṃ brahmety arthaḥ | tad evāha na san tan nāsad ucyate | vidhi-mukhena pramāṇasya viṣayaḥ
sac-chabdenocyate | niṣedhaysa viṣayas tv asac-chabdenocyate | idaṃ tu tad-ubhaya-vilakṣaṇam | aviṣayatvād ity arthaḥ

madhusūdanaḥ : ebhiḥ sādhanair jñāna-śabditaiḥ kiṃ jñeyam ity apekṣāyām āha jñeyaṃ yat tad ity ādi ṣaḍbhiḥ | yaj jñeyaṃ mumukṣuṇā tat pravakṣyāmi prakarṣeṇa spaṣṭatayā vakṣyāmi | śrotur abhimukhīkaraṇāya phalena stuvann āha yad vakṣyamāṇaṃ jñeyaṃ jñātvāmṛtam amṛtatvam aśnute saṃsārān mucyata ity arthaḥ | kiṃ tat ? anādimat ādiman na bhavatīty anādimat | paraṃ niratiśayaṃ brahma sarvato 'navacchinnaṃ paramātma-vastu | atrānādīty etāvataiva bahu-vrīhiṇārtha-lābhe 'py atiśāyane nitya-yoge vā matupaḥ prayogaḥ | anādīti ca mat-param
iti ca padaṃ kecid icchanti | mat saguṇād brahmaṇaḥ paraṃ nirviśeṣa-rūpaṃ brahmety arthaḥ | ahaṃ vāsudevākhyā parā śaktir yasyeti tv apavyākhyānam | nirviśeṣasya brahmaṇaḥ pratipādyatvena tatra śaktimattvasya avaktavyatvāt |
nirviśeṣatvam evāha na sat tan nāsad ucyate | vidhi-mukhena pramāṇasya viṣayaḥ sac-chabdenocyate | niṣedha-mukhena pramāṇasya viṣayas tv asac-chabdena | idaṃ tu tad-ubhaya-vilakṣaṇaṃ nirviśeṣatvāt sva-prakāśa-caitanya-rūpatvāc ca yato vāco nivartante aprāpya manasā saha [TaittU 2.4.1] ity ādi śruteḥ | yasmāt tad brahma na sad-bhāvatvāśrayaḥ | ato nocyate kenāpi śabdena mukhyayā vṛttyā śabda-pravṛtti-hetūnāṃ tatrāsambhavāt | tad yathā gauraś ca iti vā jātitaḥ | pacati paṭhatīti vā kriyātaḥ | śuklaḥ kṛṣṇa iti vā guṇataḥ, dhanī gomān iti vā saṃbandhato 'rthaṃ pratyāyati śabdaḥ | atra kriyā-guṇa-sambandhebhyo vilakṣaṇaḥ
sarvo 'pi dharmo jāti-rūpa upādhi-rūpo vā jāti-padena saṃgṛhītaḥ | yadṛcchā-śabdo 'pi ḍittha-ḍapitthādir yaṃ kaṃcid dharmaṃ svātmānaṃ vā pravṛttiṃ nimittīkṛtya pravartata iti so 'pi jāti-śabdaḥ | evam ākāśa-śabdo 'pi tārkikāṇāṃ śabdāśrayatvādi-rūpaṃ yaṃ kaṃcid dharmaṃ puraskṛtya pravartate | sva-mate tu pṛthivyādivad ākāśa-vyaktīnāṃ janyānām anekatvād ākāśatvam api jātir eveti so 'pi jāti-śabdaḥ | ākāśātiriktā ca diṅ nāsty eva | kālaś ca neśvarād atiricyate | atireke vā dik-kāla-śabdāv apy upādhi-viśeṣa-pravṛtti-nimittakāv iti jāti-śabdāv eva | tasmāt pravṛtti-nimitta-cāturvidhyāc caturvidha eva śabdaḥ | tatra na sat tan nāsat iti jāti-niṣedhaḥ
kriyā-guṇa-sambandhānām api niṣedhopalakṣaṇārthaḥ | ekam evādvitīyam iti jāti-niṣedhas tasyā aneka-vyakti-vṛtter ekasminn asambhavāt | nirguṇaṃ niṣkriyaṃ śāntam [ŚvetU 6.19] iti guṇa-kriyā-sambandhānāṃ krameṇa niṣedhaḥ | asaṅgo hy ayaṃ puruṣaḥ [BAU 4.3.15] iti ca | athāto ādeśo neti neti [BAU 2.3.6] iti ca sarva-niṣedhaḥ | tasmād brahma na kenacic chabdenocyata iti yuktam | tarhi kathaṃ pravakṣyāmīty uktaṃ kathaṃ vā śāstra-yonitvāt iti sūtram [Vs 1.1.3] | yathā kathaṃcil lakṣaṇayā śabdena pratipādanād ii gṛhāṇa | pratipādana-prakāraś ca āścaryavat paśyati kaścid enam [Gītā 2.28] ity atra vyākhyātaḥ
| vistaras tu bhāṣye draṣṭavyaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : evaṃ sādhanair jñeyo jīvātmā paramātmā ca | tatra paramātmaiva sarvagato brahma-śabdenocyate | tac ca brahma nirviśeṣaṃ saviśeṣaṃ ca krameṇa jñāni-bhaktayor upāsyam | deha-gato 'pi caturbhujatvena dhyeyaḥ paramātma-śabdenocyate | tatra prathamaṃ brahmāha jñeyam iti | anādi na vidyate ādir yasya mat-svarūpatvān nityam ity arthaḥ | mat-param aham eva para utkṛṣṭa āśrayo yasya tat | brahmaṇo hi pratiṣṭhāham [Gītā 14.27] iti mad-agrimokteḥ | tad eva kim ity apekṣāyām āha | tad brahma na sat nāpy asat, kārya-kāraṇātītam ity arthaḥ

baladevaḥ : evaṃ jñāna-sādhanāny upadiśya tair jñeyam upadiśati jñeyaṃ yat tad iti | uktaiḥ sādhanair yaj jñeyam upalabhyaṃ jīvātmavastu ca tad ahaṃ prakarṣeṇa subodhatayā vakṣyāmi yaj jñātvā jano 'mṛtaṃ mokṣam aśnute labhate | tatra jīvātma-vastūpadiśati anādīty-ardhakena | nāsty ādir yasya tat jīvasyādy-utpattir nāsty ato 'not 'pi neti nityāsāv ity arthaḥ | evam āha śrutiḥ -- na jāyate mriyate vā vipaścit [KaṭhU 1.2.18] ity ādyā | aham eva paraḥ svāmī yasya tat pradhāna-kṣetrajña-patir guṇeśaḥ [ŚvetU 6.16] iti śruteḥ | dāsabhūto harer eva nānyasyaiva kadācana iti smṛteś ca | apahata-pāpmatvādinā brahma bṛhatā guṇāṣṭakena viśiṣṭam | śrutiś caivam
āha ya ātmāpahata-pāpmā vijaro vimṛtyur viśoko vijghitso 'pipāsaḥ satya-saṅkalpaḥ so 'nveṣṭavyaḥ sa vijijñāsitavyaḥ iti | jīve brahma-śabdas tu vijñānaṃ brahma ced veda [TaittU 2.5.1] ity ādi śruteḥ | sa guṇān samatītyaitān brahma-bhūyāya kalpate [Gītā 14.26] | brahma-bhūtaḥ prasannātmā na śocati na kāṅkṣati [Gītā 18.55] iti vakṣyamāṇāc ca | na sad iti tad viśuddhaṃ jīvātma-vastu kārya-kāraṇātmakāvasthā-dvaya-virahāt sac cāsac ca nocyate | kintu paramāṇu-caitanyaṃ guṇāṣṭaka-viśiṣṭam ucyate - vibhakta-nāma-rūpaṃ kāryāvasthaṃ sad-upamṛdita-nāma-rūpaṃ kāraṇāvasthaṃ tv asad ity arthaḥ

__________________________________________________________
BhG 13.13
sarvataḥ pāṇi-pādaṃ tat sarvato 'kṣi-śiro-mukham |
sarvataḥ śrutimal loke sarvam āvṛtya tiṣṭhati

śrīdharaḥ : nanv evaṃ brahmaṇaḥ sad-asad-vilakṣaṇatve sati -- sarvaṃ khalv idaṃ brahma brahmaivedaṃ sarvam ity ādi-śrutibhir virudhyeta ity āśaṅkya parāsya śaktir vividhaiva śrūyate svābhāvikī jñāna-bala-kriyā ca ity ādi śruti-prasiddhayācintya-śaktyā sarvātmatāṃ tasya darśayann āha sarvata iti pañcabhiḥ | sarvataḥ sarvatra pāṇayaḥ pādāś ca yasya tat | sarvato 'kṣīṇi śirāṃsi mukhāni ca yasya tat | sarvataḥ śrutimat śravaṇendriyair yuktaṃ sal-loke sarvam āvṛtya vyāpya tiṣṭhati | sarva-prāṇi-vṛttibhiḥ pāṇy-ādibhir upādhibhiḥ sarva-vyavahārāspadatvena tiṣṭhatīty arthaḥ

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ nirupādhikasya brahmaṇaḥ sac-chabda-pratyayāviṣayatvād asattvāśaṅkāyāṃ nāsad ity anenāpāstāyām api vistareṇa tad-āśaṅkā-nivṛtty-arthaṃ sarva-prāṇi-karaṇopādhi-dvāreṇa cetana-kṣetrajña-rūpatayā tad-astitvaṃ pratipādayann āha sarvata iti |
sarvataḥ sarveṣu deheṣu pāṇayaḥ pādāś cācetanāḥ sva-sva-vyāpāreṣu pravartanīyā ysays cetanasya kṣetrajṇasya tat sarvataḥ pāṇi-pādaṃ jñeyaṃ brahma | sarvācetana-pravṛttīnāṃ cetanādhiṣṭhāna-pūrvakatvāt tasmin kṣetrajñe cetane brahmaṇi jñeye sarvācetana-varga-pravṛtti-hetau nāsti nāstitāśaṅkety arthaḥ | evaṃ sarvato 'kṣīṇi śirāṃsi mukhāni ca yasya pravartanīyāni santi tat sarvato 'kṣi-śiro-mukhaṃ | evaṃ sarvataḥ śrutayaḥ śravaṇendriyāṇi yasya pravartanīyatvena santa tat sarvataḥ śrutimat | loke sarva-prāṇi-nikāye | ekam eva nityaṃ vibhu ca sarvam acetanavargam āvṛtya
sva-sattayā sphūrtyā cādhyāsikena sambandhena vyāpya tiṣṭhati nirvikāram eva sthitiṃ labhate, na tu svādhyastasya jaḍa-prapañcasya doṣeṇa guṇena vāṇu-mātreṇāpi sambadhyata ity arthaḥ | yathā ca sarveṣu deheṣv ekam eva cetanaṃ nityaṃ vibhu ca na pratidehaṃ bhinnaṃ tathā prapañcitaṃ prāk

viśvanāthaḥ : nanv evaṃ brahmaṇaḥ sad-asad-vilakṣaṇatve sati -- sarvaṃ khalv idaṃ brahma brahmaivedaṃ sarvam ity ādi-śrutir virudhyeta ity āśaṅkya svarūpataḥ kārya-kāraṇātītatve 'pi śakti-śaktimator abhedāt kārya-kāraṇātmakam api tad ity āha sarvata eva pāṇayaḥ pādāś ca yasya tat | brahmādi-pipīlikāntānāṃ pāṇi-pāda-vṛndaiḥ sarvatra dṛṣṭair eva tad brahmaivāsaṅkhya-pāṇi-pādair yuktm ity arthaḥ | evam eva sarvato 'kṣīty ādi |13||
baladevaḥ : atha paramātma-vastūpadiśati sarvataḥ pāṇīti | tat paramātmavastu | sarvataḥ pāṇi-pādam ity ādi visphuṭārtham

BhG 13.14
sarvendriya-guṇābhāsaṃ sarvendriya-vivarjitam |
asaktaṃ sarva-bhṛc caiva nirguṇaṃ guṇa-bhoktṛ ca

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ casarvendriyeti | sarveṣāṃ cakṣur-ādīnāṃ guṇeṣu rūpādy-ākārāsu vṛttiṣu tat-tad-ākāreṇa bhāsate iti tathā | sarvendriyāṇi guṇāṃś ca tat-tad-viṣayān ābhāsayatīti vā | sarvaiḥ indriyair vivarjitaṃ ca | tathā ca śrutiḥ -- apāṇi-pādo javano grahītā paśyaty acakṣuḥ sa śṛṇoty akarṇaḥ ity ādiḥ | asaktaṃ saṅga-śūnyam | tathāpi sarvaṃ bibhartīti sarvasyādhārabhūtam | tad eva nirguṇaṃ sattvādi-guṇa-rahitaṃ | guṇa-bhoktṛ ca guṇānāṃ sattvādīnāṃ bhoktṛ pālakam

madhusūdanaḥ : adhyāropāpavādābhyāṃ niṣprapañcaṃ prapañcyate iti nyāyam anusṛtya sarva-prapañcādhyāropeṇānādi-mat paraṃ brahmeti vyākhyātam adhunā tad-apavādena na sat tan nāsad ucyate iti vyākhyātum ārabhate nirupādhi-svarūpa-jñānāya sarvendriyeti |
paramārthataḥ sarvendriya-vivarjitaṃ tan-māyayā sarvendriya-guṇābhāsaṃ sarveṣāṃ bahiṣkaraṇānāṃ śrotrādīnām antaḥkaraṇayoś ca buddhi-manasor guṇair adhyavasāya-saṅkalpa-śravaṇa-vacanādibhis tat-tad-viṣaya-rūpatayāvabhāsata iva sarvendriya-vyāpārair vyāpṛtam iva taj jñeyaṃ brahma dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva [BAU 4.3.7] iti śruteḥ | atra dhyānaṃ buddhīndriya-vyāpāropalakṣaṇam | lelāyanaṃ calanaṃ karmendriya-vyāpāropalakṣaṇārtham |
tathā paramārthato 'saktaṃ sarva-sambandha-śūnyam eva, māyayā sarva-bhṛc ca sadātmanā sarvaṃ kalpitaṃ dhārayatīva poṣayatīti ca sarva-bhṛt, niradhiṣṭhāna-bhramāyogāt | tathā paramārthato nirguṇaṃ sattva-rajas-tamo-guṇa-rahitam eva | guṇa-bhoktṛ ca guṇānāṃ sattva-rajas-tamasāṃ śabdādi-dvārā sukha-duḥkha-mohākāreṇa pariṇatānāṃ bhoktṛ upalabdhṛ ca taj jñeyaṃ brahmety arthaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : kiṃ ca sarvāṇi indriyāṇi guṇān indriya-viṣayāṃś ca ābhāsayatīti tac cakṣuṣaś cakṣuḥ ity ādi śruteḥ | yad vā sarvendriyair guṇaiḥ śabdādibhiś cābhāsate virājatīti tat | tad api sarvendriya-vivarjitaṃ prākṛtendriyādi-rahitam | tathā ca śrutiḥ - apāṇi-pādo javano grahītā paśyaty acakṣuḥ sa śṛṇoty akarṇaḥ ity ādi | parāsya śaktir bahudhaiva śrūyate svābhāvikī jñāna-bala-kriyā ca iti śruti-prasiddha-svarūpa-śaktyāspadatvād iti bhāvaḥ | asaktaṃ āsakti-śūnyaṃ sarvabhṛt śrī-viṣṇu-svarūpeṇa sarva-pālakam | nirguṇaṃ sattvādi-guṇa-rahitākāram | kiṃ ca guṇa-bhoktṛ triguṇātīta-bhaga-śabda-vācā ṣaḍ-guṇāsvādakam

baladevaḥ : kiṃ ca sarveti sarvair indriyair guṇaiś ca tad-vṛttibhir ābhāsate dīpyata iti tathā sarvair indriyair jīvendriyavat svarūpa-bhinnair vivarjitaṃ santyaktaṃ prākṛtaiḥ karaṇaiḥ śūnyaḥ svarūpānubandhibhis tair viśiṣṭo harir iti svīkāryam | apāṇi-pādo javano grahītā paśyaty acakṣuḥ sa śṛṇoty akarṇaḥ | yad ātmako bhagavāṃs tad-ātmikā vyaktiḥ kim ātmako bhagavān jñānātmaka aiśvaryātmakaḥ śaktyātmakaś ceti buddhimano 'ṅga-pratyaṅgavattāṃ bhagavato lakṣayāmahe buddhimān mano-bāṇaṅga-pratyaṅgavān iti śruteḥ | sarvabhṛt sarva-tattva-dhārakam apy asaktaṃ saṅkalpenaiva tad-dhāraṇāt tat-sparśa-rahitaṃ nirguṇaṃ
sākṣī cetāḥ kevalo nirguṇaś ca iti śruter māyā-guṇa-spṛṣṭam eva sad-guṇa-bhoktṛ-niyamyatayā guṇanubhavi-vikāra-jananīm ajñām ity ārabhya
ekas tu pibate devaḥ
svacchando 'tra vaśānugām |
dhyāna-kriyābhyāṃ bhagavān
bhuṅkte 'sau prasabhaṃ vibhuḥ || iti śravaṇāt

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BhG 13.15
bahir antaś ca bhūtānām acaraṃ caram eva ca |
sūkṣmatvāt tad avijñeyaṃ dūra-sthaṃ cāntike ca tat

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca bahir iti | bhūtānāṃ carācarāṇāṃ svakāryāṇāṃ bahiś cāntaś ca tad eva suvarṇam iva kaṭaka-kuntalādīnām | jala-taraṅgāṇām antar-bahiś ca jalam iva | acaraṃ sthāvaraṃ caraṃ jaṅgamaṃ ca bhūta-jātaṃ tad eva | kāraṇātmatvāt kāryasya | evam api sūkṣmatvād rūpādi-hīnatvād tad avijñeyam idaṃ tad iti spaṣṭaṃ jñānārhaṃ na bhavati | ataevāviduṣāṃ yojana-lakṣāntaritam iva dūrasthaṃ ca | savikārāyāḥ prakṛteḥ paratvāt | viduṣāṃ punaḥ pratyag-ātmatvād antike ca tan nityaṃ sannihitam | tathā ca mantraḥ --
tad ejati tan naijati
tad-dūre tad vāntike |
tad-antarasya sarvasya
tad u sarvasyāsya bāhyataḥ || [Īśopaniṣad 5] iti |
ejati calati naijati na calati | tad u antike iti cchedaḥ

madhusūdanaḥ : bhūtānāṃ bhavana-dharmāṇāṃ sarveṣāṃ kāryāṇāṃ kalpitānām akalpitam adhiṣṭhānam ekam eva bahir antaś ca rajjur iva sva-kalpitānāṃ sarpa-dhārādīnāṃ sarvātmanā vyāpakam ity arthaḥ | ata evācaraṃ sthāvaraṃ caraṃ ca jañgamaṃ bhūta-jātaṃ tad evādhiṣṭhānātmakatvāt | kalpitānāṃ na tataḥ kiṃcid vyatiricyata ity arthaḥ | evaṃ sarvātmaktve 'pi sūkṣmtvād rūpādi-hīnatvāt tad-avijñeyam idam evam iti spaṣṭa-jñānārhaṃ na bhavati | ata evātma-jñāna-sādhana-śūnyānāṃ varṣa-sahasra-koṭyāpy aprāpyatvād dūrasthaṃ
ca yojana-lakṣa-koṭy-antaritam iva tat | jñāna-sādhana-sampannānāṃ tu antike ca tad atyavyavahitam evātmatvāt | dūrāt sudūre tad ihāntike paśatsv ihaiva nihitaṃ guhāyām [MuṇḍU 3.1.7] ity ādi śrutibhyaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : bhūtānāṃ svakāryāṇāṃ bahiś cāntaś ca yathā dehānām ākāśādikam | acaraṃ sthāvaraṃ caraṃ jaṅgamaṃ ca bhūta-jātaṃ tad eva | kāryasya kāraṇātmakatvāt | evam api rūpādibhinnatvāt tad-avijñeyam idaṃ tad iti spaṣṭaṃ jñānārhaṃ na bhavatīty ata evāviduṣāṃ yojana-koṭy-antaram iva dūrasthaṃ viduṣāṃ punaḥ sva-gṛha-sthitam evāntike ca tat svadeha evāntaryāmitvāt dūrāt sudūre tad ihāntike ca paśyatsv ihaiva nihitaṃ guhāyām [MuṇḍU 3.1.7] ity ādi śrutibhyaḥ

baladevaḥ : bahir iti | bhūtānāṃ cij-jaḍātmakānāṃ tattvānāṃ bahir antaś ca sthitam | antar bahiś ca tat sarvaṃ vyāpya nārāyaṇaḥ sthitaḥ [MNāU 13.5] iti śravaṇāt | acaram acalaṃ caraṃ calaṃ ca āsīno dūraṃ vrajati śayāno yāti sarvataḥ [KaṭhU 1.2.21] iti śruteḥ | sūkṣmatvāt pratyaktvāc cit-sukha-mūrtitvād avijñeyaṃ devatāntaravaj jñātum aśakyam | ato dūrasthaṃ ceti yan manasā na manute na cakṣuṣā paśyati kaścanainam [ŚvetU 4.20] iti śruteḥ | gāndharva-vāsitena śrotreṇa ṣaḍ-jādivad bhakti-bhāvitena karaṇena tu śakyaṃ taj jñātum ity āha antike ca tad iti | manasīvānudraṣṭavyam, kaścid dhīraḥ
pratyag-ātmānam aikṣata | bhakti-yoge hi tiṣṭhati [GTU 2.78] ity ādi śravaṇāt | bhaktyā tv ananyayā śakyaḥ [Gītā 11.55] ity ādi smṛteś ca

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BhG 13.16
avibhaktaṃ ca bhūteṣu vibhaktam iva ca sthitam |
bhūta-bhartṛ ca taj jñeyaṃ grasiṣṇu prabhaviṣṇu ca

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca -- avibhaktam iti | bhūteṣu sthāvara-jaṅgamātmakeṣu avibhaktaṃ kāraṇātmanābhinnaṃ kāryātmanā vibhaktaṃ bhinnam ivāvasthitaṃ ca samudrāj jātaṃ phenādi samudrād anyan na bhavati | tat-svarūpam evoktaṃ jñeyaṃ bhūtānāṃ bhartṛ ca poṣakaṃ sthiti-kāle | pralaya-kāle ca grasiṣṇu grasana-śīlaṃ sṛṣṭi-kāle ca prabhaviṣṇu nānā-kāryātmanā prabhavana-śīlam

madhusūdanaḥ : yad uktam ekam eva sarvam āvṛtya tiṣṭhatīti tad vivṛṇoti pratideham ātma-bheda-vādināṃ nirāsāya avibhaktam iti | bhūteṣu sarva-prāṇiṣu avibhaktam abhinnam ekam eva tat | na tu pratidehaṃ bhinnaṃ vyomavat sarva-vyāpakatvāt | tathāpi deha-tādātmyena pratīyamānatvāt pratidehaṃ vibhaktam iva ca sthitam | aupādikatvenāpāramārthiko vyomnīva tatra bhedāvabhāsa ity arthaḥ |
nanu bhavatu kṣetrajñaḥ sarva-vyāpaka ekaḥ, brahma tu jagat-kāraṇaṃ tato bhinnam eveti | nety āha bhūta-bhartṛ ca bhūtāni sarvāṇi sthiti-kāle bibhartīti tathā pralaya-kāle grasiṣṇu grasana-śīlam utpatti-kāle prabhaviṣṇu ca prabhavana-śīlaṃ sarvasya | yathā rajjv-ādiḥ sarpāder māyā-kalpitasya | tasmād yaj jagataḥ sthiti-layotpatti-kāraṇaṃ brahma tad eva kṣetrajñaṃ pratideham ekaṃ jñeyaṃ na tato 'nyad ity arthaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : bhūteṣu sthāvara-jaṅgamātmakeṣu avibhaktaṃ kāraṇātmanā abhinnaṃ kāryātmanā vibhaktaṃ bhinnam ivā sthitaṃ | tad eva śrī-nārāyaṇa-svarūpaṃ sat | bhūtānāṃ bhartṛ sthiti-kāle pālakaṃ | pralaya-kāle grasiṣṇu saṃhārakam | sṛṣṭikāle prabhaviṣṇu ca nānā-kāryātmanā prabhavana-śīlam

baladevaḥ : avibhaktam iti | vibhakteṣu mitho bhinneṣu jīveṣv avibhaktam ekaṃ tad brahma vibhaktam iva prati-jīvaṃ bhinnam iva sthitam | ekaṃ santaṃ bahudhā dṛśyamānam iti śruteḥ |
eka eva paro viṣṇuḥ
sarvatrāpi na saṃśayaḥ |
aiśvaryād rūpam ekaṃ ca
sūryavad bahudheyate || iti smṛteś ca |
tac ca bhūta-bhartṛ-sthitau bhūtānāṃ pālakaṃ pralaye teṣāṃ grasiṣṇu kāla-śaktyā saṃhārakaṃ, sarge prabhaviṣṇu pradhāna-jīva-śaktibhyāṃ nānā-kāryātmanā prabhavana-śīlaṃ | śrutiś ca yato vā imāni bhūtāni jāyante yena jātāni jīvanti yat prayanty abhisaṃviśanti tad brahma tad vijijñāsasva [TaittU 3.1.1] iti

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BhG 13.17
jyotiṣām api taj jyotis tamasaḥ param ucyate |
jñānaṃ jñeyaṃ jñāna-gamyaṃ hṛdi sarvasya viṣṭhitam

śrīdharaḥ : kiṃ ca jyotiṣām apīti | jyotiṣāṃ sūryādīnām api jyotiḥ prakāśakaṃ tat | yena sūryas tapati tejasendhaḥ |
na tatra sūryo bhāti na candra-tārakaṃ
nemā vidyuto bhānti kuto 'yam agniḥ |
tad eva bhāntam anubhāti sarvaṃ
tasya bhāsā sarvam idaṃ vibhāti || [KaṭhU 2.5.15] ity ādi-śruteḥ |
ataeva tamaso 'jñānāt paraṃ tenāsaṃsṛṣṭam ucyate | āditya-varṇaṃ tamsasaḥ parastāt ity ādi-śruteḥ | jñānaṃ ca tad eva buddhi-vṛttau abhivyaktam | tad eva rūpādy-ākāreṇa jñeyaṃ ca jñāna-gamyaṃ ca | amānitvādi-lakṣaṇena pūrvokta-jñāna-sādhanena prāpyam ity arthaḥ | jñāna-gamyaṃ viśinaṣṭi sarvasya prāṇimātrasya hṛdi viṣṭhitaṃ viśeṣeṇāpracyuta-svarūpeṇa niyantṛtayā sthitam | dhiṣṭhitam iti pāṭhe adhiṣṭāya sthitim ity arthaḥ |
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu sarvatra vidyamānam api tan nopalabhyate cet tarhi jaḍam eva syāt, na syāt svayaṃjyotiṣo 'pi tasya rūpādi-hīnatvenendriyādy-agrāhyatvopapatter ity āha jyotiṣām iti | taj jñeyaṃ brahma jyotiṣām avabhāsakānām ādityādīnāṃ buddhy-ādīnāṃ ca bāhyānām āntarāṇām api jyotir avabhāsakaṃ caityanya-jyotiṣo jaḍa-jyotir-avabhāsakatvopapatteḥ | yena sūryas tapati tejasendhaḥ | tasya bhāsā sarvam idaṃ vibhāti [KaṭhU 2.5.15] ity ādi-śruteś ca | vakṣyati ca yad āditya-gataṃ tejaḥ [Gītā 15.8] ity ādi |
svayaṃ jaḍatvābhāve 'pi jaḍa-saṃsṛṣṭaṃ syād iti nety āha tamaso jaḍa-vargāt param avidyā-tat-kāryābhyām apāramārthikābhyām asaṃspṛṣṭaṃ pāramārthikaṃ tad brahma sad-asatoḥ sambandhāyogāt | ucyate akṣarāt parataḥ paraḥ ity ādi-śrutibhir brahma-vādibhiś ca | tad uktam -
niḥsaṅgasya sa-saṅgena kūṭasthasya vikāriṇā |
ātmano 'nātmanā yogo vāstavo nopapadyate ||
āditya-varṇaṃ tamasaḥ parastāt iti śruteś ca | āditya-varṇam iti sva-bhāne prakāśāntarānapekṣaṃ sarvasya prakāśakam ity arthaḥ | yasmāt tat svayaṃ jyotir jaḍāsaṃspṛṣṭam ata eva taj jñānaṃ pramāṇa-janya-ceto-vṛtty-abhivyakta-saṃvid-rūpam | ata eva tad eva jñeyaṃ jātum arham ajñātatvāj jaḍasyājñātatvābhāvena jñātum anarhatvāt | kathaṃ tarhi sarvair na jñāyate tatrāha jñāna-gamyaṃ pūrvoktenāmānitvādinā tattva-jñānārtha-darśanāntena sādhana-kalāpena jñāna-hetutayā jñāna-śabditena gamyaṃ prāpyaṃ na tu tad vinety arthaḥ |
nanu sādhanena gamyaṃ cet tat kiṃ deśāntara-vyavahitam ? nety āha hṛdi sarvasya viṣṭhitaṃ sarvasya prāṇi-jātasya hṛdi buddhau viṣṭhitaṃ sarvatra sāmānyena sthitam api viśeṣa-rūpeṇa tatra sthitam abhivyaktaṃ jīva-rūpeṇāntaryāmi-rūpeṇa ca | sauraṃ teja ivādarśa-sūrya-kāntādau | avyavahitam eva vastuto bhrāntyā vyavahitam iva sarva-bhrama-kāraṇājñāna-nivṛttyā prāpyata ivety arthaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : jyotiṣāṃ candrādityānām api taj jyotiḥ prakāśakaṃ | yena sūryas tapati tejasendhaḥ |
na tatra sūryo bhāti na candra-tārakaṃ
nemā vidyuto bhānti kuto 'yam agniḥ |
tad eva bhāntam anubhāti sarvaṃ
tasya bhāsā sarvam idaṃ vibhāti || [KaṭhU 2.5.15] ity ādi-śruteḥ |
ata eva tamaso 'jñānāt paraṃ tenāsaṃsṛṣṭam ucyate | āditya-varṇaṃ tamsasaḥ parastāt ity ādi-śruteḥ | jñānaṃ tad eva buddhi-vṛttau abhivyaktaṃ sat jñānam ucyate | tad eva rūpādy-ākāreṇa pariṇataṃ jñeyaṃ ca | tad eva jñāna-gamyaṃ pūrvoktenāmānitvādi-jñāna-sādhanena prāpyam ity arthaḥ | tad eva paramātma-svarūpaṃ sat sarvasya prāṇimātrasya hṛdi dhiṣṭhitaṃ niyantṛtayādhbiṣṭhāya sthitam ity arthaḥ

baladevaḥ : jyotiṣāṃ sūrydīnām api tad brahma jyotiḥ prakāśakaṃ |
na tatra sūryo bhāti na candra-tārakaṃ
nemā vidyuto bhānti kuto 'yam agniḥ |
tad eva bhāntam anubhāti sarvaṃ
tasya bhāsā sarvam idaṃ vibhāti || [KaṭhU 2.5.15]
ity ādi-śrutes tad brahma | tad brahma tamasaḥ prakṛteḥ paraṃ tenāspṛṣṭam ucyate āditya-varṇaṃ tamasaḥ parastāt [ŚvetU 3.8] ity śrutyā | jñānaṃ cid-eka-rasam ucyate vijñānam ānanda-ghanaṃ brahma [GTU 2.79?] iti śrutyā | jñānaṃ mumukṣoḥ śaraṇatvena jñātum arham ucyate taṃ ha devam ātma-buddhi-prakāśaṃ mumukṣur vai śaraṇam ahaṃ prapadye [GTU 1.25] iti śrutyā | jñāna-gamyam ucyate tam eva viditvātimṛtyum eti [ŚvetU 3.8] iti śrutyā | sarvasya prāṇi-mātrasya hṛdi dhiṣṭhitaṃ niyantṛtayādhiṣṭhāya sthitam ity ucyate antaḥ-praviṣṭaḥ śāstā janānām [TaittĀ 3.11.10] iti śrutyā | na ca sarvataḥ
pāṇīty ādi pañcakaṃ jīva-paratayaiva neyaṃ tat-prakaraṇatvādi-vācyaṃ jīvavad īśvarasyāpi kṣetrajñatvena prakṛtatvāt | sarvataḥ pāṇīty ādi-sārdhakasya brahmaivopakramya śvetāśvataraiḥ paṭhitvāt prakaraṇa-śāvalyasyopaniṣatsu vīkṣaṇāc ca

BhG 13.18
iti kṣetraṃ tathā jñānaṃ jñeyaṃ coktaṃ samāsataḥ |
mad-bhakta etad vijñāya mad-bhāvāyopapadyate

śrīdharaḥ : uktaṃ kṣetrādikam adhikāri-phala-sahitam upasaṃharati itīti | ity enaṃ kṣetraṃ mahā-bhūtādi-dhṛty-antam | tathā jñānaṃ cāmānitvādi-tattva-jñānārtha-darśanāntam | jñeyaṃ cānādimat paraṃ brahmety ādi viṣṭhitam ity antam | vasiṣṭhādibhir vistareṇoktaṃ sarvam api mayā saṅkṣepeṇoktam | etac ca katham | pūrvādhyāyokta-lakṣaṇo mad-bhakto vijñāya mad-bhāvāya brahmatvāyopapadyate yogyo bhavati

madhusūdanaḥ : uktaṃ kṣetrādikam adhikāriṇaṃ phalaṃ ca vadann upasaṃharati itīti | iti anena pūrvoktena prakāreṇa kṣetraṃ mahā-bhūtādi-dhṛty-antaṃ, tathā jñānam amānitvādi tattva-jñānārtha-darśana-paryantaṃ, jñeyaṃ cānādimat paraṃ brahma viṣṭhitam ity antaṃ śrutibhyaḥ smṛtibhyaś cākṛṣya trayam api manda-buddhy-anugrahāya mayā saṃkṣepenoktam | etāvān eva hi sarvo vedārtho gītārthaś ca | asmiṃś ca pūrvādhyāyokta-lakṣaṇo mad-bhakta evādhikārīty āha -- mad-bhakto mayi bhagavati vāsudeve parama-gurau samarpita-sarvātma-bhāvo mad-eka-śaraṇaḥ sa etad yathoktaṃ kṣetraṃ
jñānaṃ ca jñeyaṃ ca vijñāya vivekena viditvā mad-bhāvāya sarvānartha-śūnya-paramānanda-bhāvāya mokṣāyopapadyate mokṣaṃ prāptuṃ yogyo bhavati |
yasya deve parā bhaktiḥ yathā deve tathā gurau |
tasyaite kathitā hy arthāḥ prakāśante mahātmanaḥ || [ŚvetU 6.23] iti śruteḥ |
tasmāt sarvadā mad-eka-śaraṇaḥ sann ātma-jñāna-sādhanāny eva parama-puruṣārtha-lipsur anuvartate tuccha-viṣaya-bhoga-spṛhāṃ hitvety abhiprāyaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : uktaṃ kṣetrādikam adhikāri-phala-sahitam upasaṃharati itīti | kṣetraṃ mahā-bhūtādi dhṛty-antam | jñānam amānitvādi-tattva-jñānārtha-darśanāntam | jñeyaṃ jñāna-gamyaṃ ca anādīty ādi dhiṣṭhitam ity antam | ekam eva tattvaṃ brahma bhagavat-paramātma-śabda-vācyaṃ ca saṅkṣepeṇoktam | mad-bhakto bhaktimaj jñānī mad-bhāvāya mat-sāyujyāya | yad vā mad-bhakto mamaikāntiko dāsa etad vijñāya mat-prabhor etāvad aiśvaryam iti jñātvā mayi bhāvāya premṇa upapadyata upapanno bhavati

baladevaḥ : uktaṃ kṣetrādikaṃ taj-jñāna-phala-sahitam upasaṃharati iti kṣetram iti | mahā-bhūtāni ity ādinā cetanā dhṛtir ity antena kṣetra-svarūpam uktam | amānitvam ity ādinā tattva-jñānārtha-darśanam ity antena jñeyasya kṣetra-dvayasya jñānaṃ tat-sādhanam uktam | anādi mat-param ity ādinā hṛdi sarvasya viṣṭhitam ity antena jñeyaṃ kṣetrajña-dvayaṃ coktaṃ mayā | etat trayaṃ vijñāya mitho vivekenāvagatya mad-bhāvāya mat-premṇe mat-svabhāvāya vāsaṃsāritvāya kalpate yogye bhavati mad-bhaktaḥ

BhG 13.19
prakṛtiṃ puruṣaṃ caiva viddhy anādī ubhāv api |
vikārāṃś ca guṇāṃś caiva viddhi prakṛti-saṃbhavān

śrīdharaḥ : tad evaṃ tat kṣetraṃ yac ca yādṛk cety etāvat prapañcitam | idānīṃ tu yad vikāri yataś ca yat sa ca yo yat-prabhāvaś cety etat pūrvaṃ pratijñātam eva prakṛti-puruṣayoḥ saṃsāra-hetukatva-kathanena prapañcayati prakṛtim iti pañcabhiḥ | tatra prakṛti-puruṣayor ādimatve tayor api prakṛty-antareṇa bhāvyam ity anavasthāpattiḥ syāt | atas tāv ubhāv anādī viddhi | anāder īśvarasya śaktitvāt prakṛter anāditvam | puruṣe 'pi tad-aṃśatvād anādir eva | atra ca parameśvarasya tac-chaktīnām anāditvaṃ nityatvaṃ ca śrīmac-chaṅkara-bhagavad-bhāṣya-kṛdbhir atiprabandhenopapāditam iti grantha-bāhulyān nāsmābhiḥ pratanyate | vikārāṃś ca dehendriyādīn
guṇāṃś ca guṇa-pariṇāmān sukha-duḥkha-mohādīn prakṛteḥ sambhūtān viddhi

madhusūdanaḥ : tad anena granthena tat kṣetraṃ yac ca yādṛk ca ity etad vyākhyātam | idānīṃ yad-vikāri yataś ca yat sa ca yo yat-prabhāvaś ca ity etāvad vyākhyātavyam | tatra prakṛti-puruṣayoḥ saṃsāra-hetutva-kathanena yad-vikāri yataś ca yad iti prakṛtim ity ādi dvābhyāṃ prapañcyate | sa ca yo yat prabhāvaś ca iti tu puruṣa ity ādi dvyābhyām iti vivekaḥ | tatra saptama īśvarasya dve prakṛtī parāpare kṣetra-kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇe upanyasya etad-yonīni bhūtāni [Gītā 7.7] ity uktam | tatrāparā prakṛtiḥ kṣetra-lakṣaṇā parā tu jīva-lakṣaṇeti tayor anāditvam uktvā tad-ubhaya-yonitvaṃ bhūtānām ucyate prakṛtim iti |
prakṛtir māyākhyā triguṇātmikā pārameśvarī śaktiḥ kṣetra-lakṣaṇā yā prāg aparā prakṛtir ity uktā | yā tu parā prakṛtir jīvākhyā prāg uktā sa iha puruṣa ity ukta iti na pūrvāpara-virodhaḥ | prakṛtiṃ puruṣaṃ cobhāv api anādī eva viddhi | na vidyate ādiḥ kāraṇaṃ yayos tau | tathā prakṛter anāditvaṃ sarva-jagat-kāraṇatvāt | tasyā api kāraṇa-sāpekṣatve 'navasthā-prasaṅgāt | puruṣasyānāditvaṃ tad-dharmādharma-prayuktatvāt kṛtsnasya jagataḥ jātasya harṣa-śoka-bhaya-sampratipatteḥ | anyathā kṛta-hānya-kṛtābhyāgama-prasaṅgāt | yataḥ prakṛtir anādir atas tasyā bhūta-yonitvam uktaṃ prāg upapadyata ity āha vikārāṃś ca ṣoḍaśa
pañca mahā-bhūtāny ekādaśendriyāṇi ca guṇāṃś ca sattva-rajas-tamo-rūpān sukha-duḥkha-mohān prakṛti-saṃbhavān eva prakṛti-kāraṇakān eva viddhi jānīhi

viśvanāthaḥ : paramātmānam uktvā kṣetra-jña-śabda-vācyaṃ jīvātmānaṃ vaktuṃ kutas tasya māyā-saṃsleṣaḥ, kadā tad-ārambho 'bhūd ity apekṣāyām āha prakṛtiṃ māyāṃ puruṣaṃ jīvaṃ cobhāv apy anādī na vidyate ādi kāraṇaṃ yayos tathābhūtau viddhi anāder īśvarasya mama śaktitvāt |
bhūmir āpo 'nalo vāyuḥ khaṃ mano buddhir eva ca |
ahaṅkāra itīyaṃ me bhinnā prakṛtir aṣṭadhā ||
apareyam itas tv anyāṃ prakṛtiṃ viddhi me parām |
jīva-bhūtāṃ mahābāho yayedaṃ dhāryate jagat || [Gītā 7.4-5]
iti mad-ukter māyā-jīvayor api mac-chaktitvena anāditvāt tayoḥ saṃśleṣo 'pi anādir iti bhāvaḥ | tatra mithaḥ saṃśliṣṭayor api tayor vastutaḥ pārthakyam asti eva ity āha vikārāṃś ca dehendriyādīn guṇāṃś ca guṇa-pariṇāmān sukha-duḥkha-śoka-mohādīn prakṛti-sambhūtān prakṛty-udbhūtān viddhīti kṣetrākāra-pariṇatāyāḥ prakṛteḥ sakāśād bhinnam eva jīvaṃ viddhīti bhāvaḥ

baladevaḥ : evaṃ mitho vivikta-svabhāvayor anādyoḥ prakṛti-jīvayoḥ saṃsargasyānādi-kālikatvaṃ saṃsṛṣṭayos tayoḥ kārya-bhedas tat-saṃsargasyānādi-kālikasya hetuś ca nirūpyate prakṛtim ity ādibhiḥ | apir avadhṛtau | mithaḥ sampṛktau prakṛti-puruṣāv ubhāv anādyeva viddhi madīya-śaktitvān nityāv eva jānīhi | tayor mac-chaktitvaṃ tu puraivoktaṃ bhūmir āpaḥ ity ādinā | anādi-saṃsṛṣṭayor api tayoḥ svarūpa-bhedo 'stīty āśayenāh vikārān dehendriyādīn | guṇāṃś sukha-duḥkhāni prakṛti-sambhavān prākṛtān na tu jaivān viddhīti kṣetrātmanā pariṇatāyāḥ prakṛter anyo jīva iti darśitam

BhG 13.20
kārya-kāraṇa-kartṛtve hetuḥ prakṛtir ucyate |
puruṣaḥ sukha-duḥkhānāṃ bhoktṛtve hetur ucyate

śrīdharaḥ : vikārāṇāṃ prakṛti-sambhavatvaṃ darśayan puruṣasya saṃsāra-hetutvaṃ darśayati kāryeti | kāryaṃ śarīram | kāraṇāni sukha-duḥkha-sādhanānīndriyāṇi | teṣāṃ kartṛtve tad-ākāra-pariṇāme prakṛtir hetur ucyate kapilādibhiḥ | puruṣo jīvas tu tat-kṛta-sukha-duḥkhānāṃ bhoktṛtve hetur ucyate | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ yadyapi acetanāyāḥ prakṛteḥ svataḥ-kartṛtvaṃ na sambhavati tathā puruṣasyāpy avikāriṇo bhoktṛtvaṃ na sambhavati | tathāpi kartṛtvaṃ nāma kriyā-nirvartakatvam | tac cācetanasyāpi cetanādṛṣṭa-vaśāt caitanyādhiṣṭhitatvāt sambhavati yathā vahner
ūrdhva-jvalanaṃ vayos tiryag gamanaṃ vatsādṛṣṭa-vaśāt gostanya-payasaḥ kṣaraṇam ity ādi | ataḥ puruṣa-sannidhānāt prakṛteḥ kartṛtvam ucyate bhoktṛtvaṃ ca sukha-duḥkha-saṃvedanaṃ, tac ca cetana-dharma eveti prakṛti-sannidhānāt puruṣasya bhoktṛtvam ucyate iti

madhusūdanaḥ : vikārāṇāṃ prakṛti-sambhavattvaṃ vivecayan puruṣasya saṃsāra-hetutvaṃ darśayati kāryeti | kāryaṃ śarīraṃ karaṇānīndriyāṇi tat-sthāni trayodaśa dehārambhakāṇi bhūtāni viṣayāś ceha kārya-grahaṇena gṛhyante | guṇāś ca sukha-duḥkha-mohātmakāḥ karaṇāśrayatvāt karaṇa-grahaṇena gṛhyante | teṣāṃ kārya-karaṇānāṃ kartṛtve tad-ākāra-pariṇāme hetuḥ kāraṇam prakṛtir ucyate maharṣibhiḥ | kārya-karaṇeti dīrgha-pāṭhe 'pi sa evārthaḥ | evaṃ prakṛteḥ saṃsāra-kāraṇatvaṃ vyākhyāya puruṣasyāpi yādṛśaṃ tat tad āha puruṣo kṣetrajñaḥ
parā prakṛtir iti prāg vyākhyātaḥ | sa sukha-duḥkhānāṃ sukha-duḥkha-mohānāṃ bhogyānāṃ sarveṣām api bhoktṛtve vṛtty-uparaktopalambhe hetur ucyate

viśvanāthaḥ : tasya māyā-saṃśleṣaṃ darśayati | kāryaṃ śarīram | kāraṇāni sukha-duḥkha-sādhanānīndriyāṇi | kartāra indriyādhiṣṭhātāro devās tatra tathādhyāsena puruṣa-saṃsargāt kāryādi-rūpeṇa pariṇatā syād avidyākhyayā sva-vṛttyā tad-adhyāsa-pradā ca syād ity arthaḥ | tat-kṛta-sukha-duḥkhānāṃ bhoktṛtve puruṣo jīva eva hetuḥ | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ yadyapi kāryatva-kāraṇatva-kartṛtva-bhoktṛtvāni prakṛti-dharmā eva syus tad api kāryatvādiṣu jaḍāṃśa-prādhānyāt, sukha-duḥkha-saṃvedana-rūpe bhoge tu caitanyāṃśa-prādhānyāt | prādhānyena vyapadeśā bhavantīti nyāyāt kāryatvādiṣu prakṛtir hetuḥ
| bhoktṛtve puruṣo hetur ity ucyate iti

baladevaḥ : atha saṃsṛṣṭayos tayoḥ kārya-bhedam āha kāryeti śarīraṃ kāryaṃ jñāna-karma-sādhakatvād indriyāṇi kāraṇāni teṣāṃ kartṛtve tat-tad-ākāra-sva-pariṇāme prakṛtir hetuḥ | puruṣaḥ prakṛtistho hi ity agrimāt sva-saṃsargeṇa sacetanāṃ prakṛtiṃ puruṣo 'dhitiṣṭhati | tad-adhiṣṭhitā tu sā tat-karmāṇu-guṇyena pariṇamamānā tat-tad-dehādīnāṃ sraṣṭrīti prakṛtyārpitānāṃ sukhādīnāṃ bhoktṛtve puruṣo hetus teṣāṃ bhoge sa eva kartey arthaḥ | prakṛty-adhiṣṭhātṛtvaṃ sukhādi-bhoktṛtvaṃ ca puruṣasya
kāryam | tac ca śarīrādi-kartṛtvaṃ tu tad-adhiṣṭhātāyāḥ prakṛter iti puruṣasyaiva kartṛtvaṃ mukhyam | evam āha sūtrakāraḥ kartā śāstrārthavattvāt ity ādibhiḥ | pareśasya harer adhiṣṭhātṛtvaṃ tu sarvatrāvarjanīyam ity uktaṃ vakṣyate ca

BhG 13.21
puruṣaḥ prakṛti-stho hi bhuṅkte prakṛtijān guṇān |
kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅgo 'sya sad-asad-yoni-janmasu

śrīdharaḥ : tathāpy avikāriṇo janma-rahitasya ca bhoktṛtvaṃ katham iti | ata āha puruṣa iti | hi yasmāt | prakṛti-sthas tat-kārye dehe tādātmyena sthitaḥ puruṣaḥ | atas taj-janitān sukha-duḥkhādīn bhuṅkte | asya ca puruṣasya satīṣu devādi-yoniṣu asatīṣu tiryag-ādi-yoniṣu yāni janmāni teṣu guṇa-saṅgo guṇaiḥ śubhāśubha-karma-kāribhir indriyaiḥ saṅgaḥ kāraṇam ity arthaḥ

madhusūdanaḥ : yat puruṣasya sukha-duḥkha-bhoktṛtvaṃ tādātmyenopagataḥ prakṛti-stho hy eva puruṣo bhuṅkte upalabhate prakṛti-jān guṇān | ataḥ prakṛti-ja-guṇopalambha-hetuṣu sad-asad-yoni-janmasu sad-yonayo devādyās teṣu hi sāttvikam iṣataṃ phalaṃ bhujyate | asad-yonayaḥ paśv-ādyās teṣu hi tāmasam aniṣṭaṃ phalaṃ bhujyate | atas tan nāsya puruṣasya guṇa-saṅgaḥ sattva-rajas-tamo-guṇātmaka-prakṛti-tādātmyābhimāna eva kāraṇam | na tv asaṅgasya tasya svataḥ saṃsāra ity arthaḥ | athavā guṇa-saṅgo guṇeṣu śabdādiṣu sukha-duḥkha-mohātmakeṣu
saṅgo 'bhilāṣaḥ kāma iti yāvat | sa evāsya sad-asad-yoni-janmasu kāraṇam sa yathā-kāmo bhavati tat kratur bhavati yat kratur bhavati tat karma kurute yat karma kurute tad abhisampadyate [BAU 4.4.5] iti śruteḥ | asminn api pakṣe mūla-kāraṇatvena prakṛti-tādātmyābhimāno draṣṭavyaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : kintu tatra anādy-avidyā-kṛtenādhyāsena eva karṭrva-bhoktṛtvādikaṃ tadīyam api dharmaṃ svīyaṃ manyate | tata evāsya saṃsāra ity āha puruṣa iti | prakṛtisthaḥ prakṛti-kārya-dehe tādātmyena hi sthitaḥ | prakṛtijān antaḥkaraṇa-dharmān śoka-moha-sukha-duḥkhādīn guṇān svīyān eva abhimanyamāno bhuṅkte | tatra kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅgaḥ | guṇamaya-deheṣu asyāsaṅgasyāpy ātmanaḥ saṅgo 'vidyā-kalpitaḥ | kva bhuṅkte ity apekṣāyām āha satīṣu devādi-yoniṣu asatīṣu tiryag-ādi-yoniṣu śubhāśubha-karma-kṛtāsu yāni janmāni teṣu

baladevaḥ : prakṛty-adhiṣṭhāne sikhādibhoge ca puruṣasyaiva kartṛtvam ity etat sphuṭayati tasya prakṛti-saṃsarge hetuṃ ca darśayati puruṣa iti | cit-sukhaika-raso 'pi puruṣo 'nādikarma-vāsanayā prakṛtisthas tām adhiṣṭhita-tat-kṛta-dehendriyaḥ prāna-viśiṣṭaḥ sann eva tat-kṛtān guṇān sukhādīn bhuṅkte 'nubhavati kvety āha sad iti | satīṣu deva-mānavādiṣv asatīṣu paśu-pakṣy-ādiṣu ca sādhv-asādhu-racitāsu yoniṣu yāni janmādīni teṣv iti tatra tatra puruṣasyaiva kartṛtvam |
tat-saṃsarge hetum āha kāraṇam iti | guṇo 'saṅgo 'nādi-guṇa-maya-visaya-spṛhā | ayam arthaḥ anādir jīvaḥ karma-rūpāṇādivāsanāraktaḥ | sa ca bhoktṛtvād bhogyān viṣayān spṛhayaṃs tad-arpita-kāmanādi-sannihitāṃ prakṛtim āśrayiṣyati yāvat sat-prasaṅgāt tat-tad-vāsanā kṣīyate | tat-kṣaye tu parātma-dhāma-sukhāni bhuṅkte so 'śnute sarvān kāmān saha brahmaṇā vipaścitā ity ādi śrutibhya iti | yat tu prakṛter ity ādeḥ kārya-kāraṇety ādeḥ prakṛtyaiva cety āder nānyaṃ guṇebhyaḥ ity ādeś cāpātatārtha-grāhibhiḥ sāṅkhyaiḥ prakṛter eva kartṛtvam uktaṃ, tat kila rabhasābhidhānam eva loṣṭra-kāṣṭhavad acetanāyās tasyās tattva-sambhāvāt
| upādānāparokṣa-cikīrṣākṛtimattvaṃ khalu kartṛtvaṃ, tac ca cetanasyaiveti śrutir āha - vijñānaṃ yajñaṃ tanute karmāṇi tanute 'pi ca | eṣa hi draṣṭā spraṣṭā śrotā rasayitā ghrātā mantā boddhā kartā nijñānātmā puruṣaḥ ity ādikam |
yac ca puruṣa-sannidhānāc caitanyādhyāsāt tasyās tattvam ity āhus tan na | yat sannidhyadhasta-caitanyāt tasyāḥ kartṛtvaṃ tat tasyaiva sannihitasyeti suvacatvāt | na khalu tapāyaso dagdhṛtvam ayo-hetukam api tu vahni-hetukam eva dṛṣṭam | na ca calati jalaṃ phalati tarur itivaj jaḍāyās tasyās tattva-siddhir jalādiṣv antaryāmy-adhiṣṭhitatveneṣṭāsiddher vidhāyaka-śruti-vyākopāc caited evam | na hi jaḍa-prakṛtim uddiśya svargādi-phalakaṃ jyotiṣṭomādi-mokṣa-phalakaṃ dhyānaṃ ca smṛtir vidhatte 'pi tu cetanam eva bhoktāram uddiśyeti puruṣasyaiva kartṛtvam | tac ca prakṛter iti yad uktaṃ tat tu tad-vṛtti-prācuryād eva yathā kareṇa bibhrati puruṣe karo bibhartīti vyapadeśas tathā prakṛtyā
kurvati puruṣe prakṛtiḥ karotīti sa bhaved ity eke, prākṛtair dehādibhir yuktasyaiva puruṣasya yajña-yuddhādi-karma-kartṛtvaṃ, na tu tair viyuktasya śuddhasyety ataḥ prakṛtes tad ity apare ||21|
BhG 13.22
upadraṣṭānumantā ca bhartā bhoktā maheśvaraḥ |
paramātmeti cāpy ukto dehe 'smin puruṣaḥ paraḥ

śrīdharaḥ : tad anena prakāreṇa prakṛty-avivekād eva puruṣasya saṃsāraḥ | na tu svarūpataḥ | ity āśayena tasya svarūpam āha upadraṣṭeti | asmin prakṛti-kārye dehe vartamāno 'pi puruṣaḥ paro bhinna eva | na tad-guṇair yujyata ity arthaḥ | tatra hetavaḥ yasmād upadraṣṭā pṛthag-bhūta eva samīpe sthitvā draṣṭā sākṣīty arthaḥ | tathā anumantā anumoditaiva sannidhi-mātreṇānugrāhakaḥ | sākṣī cetāḥ kevalo nirguṇaś ca [GTU 2.96, Puruṣa-bodhinī] ity ādi śruteḥ | tathā aiśvaryeṇa rūpeṇa bhartā vidhāyaka iti coktaḥ | bhoktā pālaka iti ca | mahāṃś cāsau īśvaraś ca sa brahmādīnām api patir iti ca paramātmā vāntaryāmīti
coktaḥ śrutyā | tathā ca śrutiḥ eṣa sarveśvara evsa bhūtādhipatir loka-pālaḥ ity ādi

madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ prakṛti-mithyā-tādātmyāt puruṣasya saṃsāro na svarūpeṇety uktam | kīdṛśaṃ punas tasya svarūpaṃ yatra na sambhavati saṃsāraḥ ? ity ākāṅkṣāyāṃ tasya svarūpaṃ sākṣān nirdiśann āha upadraṣṭeti | asmin prakṛti-pariṇāme dehe jīva-rūpeṇa vartamāno 'pi puruṣaḥ paraḥ prakṛti-guṇāsaṃsṛṣṭaḥ paramārthato 'saṃsārī svena rūpeṇety artahḥ | yata upadraṣṭā yatha ṛtvig-yajamāneṣu yajña-karma-vyāpṛteṣu tat-samīpastho 'nyaḥ svayam avyāpṛto yajña-vidyā-kuśalatvād ṛtvig-yajamāna-vyāpāra-guṇa-doṣāṇām īkṣitā,
tadvat kārya-karaṇa-vyāpāreṣu svayam avyāpṛto vilakṣaṇas teṣāṃ kārya-karaṇānāṃ sa-vyāparāṇāṃ samīpastho draṣṭā na tu kartā puruṣaḥ | sa yat tatra kiṃcit paśyaty ananvāg atas tena bhavaty asaṅgo hy ayaṃ puruṣaḥ [BAU 4.3.15] iti śruteḥ |
athavā, deha-cakṣur-mano-buddhy-ātmāno draṣṭṛṣu madhye bāhyān dehādīn apekṣyātyavyavahito draṣṭātmā puruṣa upadraṣṭā | upa-śabdasya sāmīpyārthatvāt tasya cāvyavadhāna-rūpasya pratyag-ātmany eva paryavasānāt |
anumantā ca kārya-karaṇa-pravṛttiṣu svayam apravṛtto 'pi pravṛtta iva saṃnidhi-mātreṇa tad-anukūlatvād anumantā | athavā, sva-vyāpāreṣu pravṛttān dehendriyādīn na nivārayati kadācid api tat-sākṣi-bhūtaḥ puruṣa ity anumantā | sākṣī cetā [GTU 2.96, Puruṣa-bodhinī] iti śruteḥ | bhartā
bhartā dehendriya-mano-buddhīnāṃ saṃhatānāṃ caitanyābhāsa-viśiṣṭānāṃ sva-sattayā sphuraṇena ca dhārayitā poṣayitā ca | bhoktā buddheḥ sukha-duḥkha-mohātmakān pratyayān svarūpa-caitanyena prakāśayatīti nirvikāra evopalabdhā | maheśvaraḥ sarvātmatvāt svatantratvāc ca mahān īśvaraś ceti maheśvaraḥ | paramātmā dehādi-buddhy-antānāṃ avidyayātmatvena kalpitānām paramaḥ prakṛṣṭa upadraṣṭṛtvādi-pūrvokta-viśeṣaṇa-viśiṣṭa ātmā paramātmā | ity anena śabdenāpi uktaḥ kathitaḥ śrutau | ca-kārād upadraṣṭety-ādi-śabdair api sa eva puruṣaḥ paraḥ | uttamaḥ puruṣas
tv anyaḥ paramātmety udāhṛtaḥ [Gītā 15.17] ity agre vakṣyate

viśvanāthaḥ : jīvātmānam uktvā paramātmānam āha upadraṣṭeti | yadyapi anādi mat-paraṃ brahma ity ādinā hṛdi sarvasya viṣṭhitam ity anena ca sāmānyataḥ paśeṣataś ca paramātmā prokta eva, tad api tasya jīvātma-sāhityenāpi pṛthag eva spaṣṭatayā dehasthatva-jñāpanārtham iyam uktir jñeyā | asmin dehe paro 'nyaḥ puruṣo yo maheśvarḥ sa paramātmeti cāpy uktaḥ | paramātmeti ca nāmnāpy ukto bhavatīty arthaḥ | tatra parama-śabda ekātmavāda-pakṣe svāṃśa iti dyotanārtho jīvasya upa samīpe pṛthak-sthita eva draṣṭā sākṣī | anumantānumodana-kartā sannidhi-mātreṇānugrāhakaḥ | sākṣī cetāḥ kevalo nirguṇaś ca [GTU 2.96, Puruṣa-bodhinī]
iti śruteḥ | tathā bhartā dhārako bhoktā pālakaḥ |
baladevaḥ : dehe sukhādibhokṭrayāvasthitaṃ jīvam uktvā niyantṛtayā tatrāvasthitam īśvaram āha upadraṣṭeti | asmin dehe paro jīvād anyaḥ puruṣo 'sti yo maheśvaraḥ paramātmeti proktaḥ | upadraṣṭā sannidhau pṛthak-sthita eva sākṣī | anumantānumati-dātā tad-anumatiṃ vinā jīvaḥ kiñcid api kartuṃ na kṣama ity arthaḥ | bhartā dhārakaḥ | bhoktā pālakaḥ | sarvataḥ pāṇi ity ādibhir uktasyāpīśasya jīvena saha sthitiṃ vaktuṃ punar uktiḥ

BhG 13.23
ya evaṃ vetti puruṣaṃ prakṛtiṃ ca guṇaiḥ saha |
sarvathā vartamāno 'pi na sa bhūyo 'bhijāyate

śrīdharaḥ : evaṃ prakṛti-puruṣa-viveka-jñāninaṃ stauti ya evam iti | evam upadraṣṭṛtvādi-rūpeṇa puruṣaṃ yo vetti prakṛtiṃ ca guṇaiḥ saha sukha-duḥkhādi-pariṇāmaiḥ sahitāṃ yo vetti sa puruṣaḥ sarvathā vidhim atilaṅghyeha vartamāno 'pi punar nābhijāyate | mucyate evety arthaḥ

madhusūdanaḥ : tad evaṃ sa ca yo yat prabhāvaś ca [Gītā 13.4] iti vyākhyātam idānīṃ yaj jñātvāmṛtam aśnute ity uktam upasaṃharati ya evam iti | ya evam uktena prakāreṇa vetti puruṣam ayam aham asmīti sākṣātkaroti prakṛtiṃ cāvidyāṃ guṇaiḥ sva-vikāraiḥ saha mithyā-bhūtām ātma-vidyayā bādhitāṃ vetti nivṛtte mamājñāna-tāt-kārye iti, sa sarvathā prārabdha-karma-vaśād indravad vidhim atikramya vartamāno 'pi bhūyo na jāyate patite 'smin vidvac-charīre punar deha-grahaṇaṃ na karoti | avidyāyāṃ vidyayā nāśitāyāṃ tat-kāryāsaṃbhavasya bahudhoktatvāt tad-adhigama uttara-pūrvārdhayor aśleṣa-vināśau tad-vyapadeśāt [Vs 4.1.13] iti nyāyāt | api-śabdād vidhim anatikramya vartamānaḥ
sva-vṛttastho bhūyo na jāyata iti kim u vaktavyam ity abhiprāyaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : etaj-jñāna-phalam āha ya iti | puruṣaṃ paramātmānaṃ prakṛtiṃ māyā-śaktiṃ | ca-kārāj jīva-śaktiṃ ca | sarvathā vartamāno 'pi laya-vikṣepādi-parābhūto 'pi

baladevaḥ : etaj-jñāna-phalam āha ya iti | evaṃ mad-ukta-vidhayā mitho viviktatayā yaḥ puruṣaṃ maheśvara-prakṛtiṃ ca jīvaṃ ca vetti ! sarvathā vyavahāra-samparkeṇa vartamāno 'pi bhūyo nābhijāyate dehānte vimucyata ity arthaḥ

BhG 13.24
dhyānenātmani paśyanti ke cid ātmānam ātmanā |
anye sāṃkhyena yogena karma-yogena cāpare

śrīdharaḥ : evambhūta-viviktātma-jñāna-sādhana-vikalpān āha dhyāneneti dvābhyām | dhyānenātmākārapratyayāvṛttyā | ātmani deha eva ātmanā manasā evam ātmānaṃ kecit paśyanti | anye tu sāṅkhyena prakṛti-puruṣa-vailakṣaṇyālocanena yogenāṣṭāṅgena | apare ca karma-yogena | paśyantīti sarvatrānuṣaṅgaḥ | eteṣāṃ ca dhyānādīnāṃ yathā-yogyaṃ krama-samuccaye saty api tat-tan-niṣṭhā-bhedābhiprāyeṇa vikalpoktiḥ

madhusūdanaḥ : atrātma-darśane sādhana-vikalpā ime kathyante dhyāneneti | iha hi caturvidhā janāḥ, kecid uttamāḥ kecin madhyamāḥ kecin mandāḥ kecin mandatarā iti | tatrottamānām ātma-jñāna-sādhanam āha | dhyānena vijātīya-pratyayānantaritena sajātīya-pratyaya-pravāheṇa śravaṇa-manana-phala-bhūtenātma-cintanena nididhyāsana-śabdenoditenātmani buddhau paśyanti sākṣātkurvanti ātmānaṃ pratyak-cetanam ātmanā dhyāna-saṃskṛtenāntaḥ-karaṇena kecid uttamā yoginaḥ |
madhyamānām ātma-jñāna-sādhanam āha -- anye madhyamāḥ sāṃkhyena yogena nididhyāsana-pūrva-bhāvinā śravaṇa-manana-rūpeṇa nityānitya-vivekādi-pūrvakeṇeme guṇa-traya-pariṇāmā anātmanaḥ sarve mithyā-bhūtās tat-sākṣi-bhūto nityo vibhur nirvikāraḥ satyaḥ samasta-jaḍa-sambandha-śūnya ātmāham ity evaṃ vedānta-vākya-vicāra-janyena cintanena paśyanti ātmānam ātmaniti vartate | dhyānenotpatti-dvāreṇety arthaḥ |
mandānām jñāna-sādhanam āha -- karma-yogeneśvarārpaṇa-buddhyā kriyamāṇena phalābhisandhi-rahitena tat-tad-varṇāśramocitena veda-vihitena karma-kalāpena cāpare mandāḥ paśyanti ātmānam ātmaniti vartate | sattva-śuddhyā śravaṇa-manana-dhyānotpatti-dvāreṇety arthaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : atra sādhana-vikalpam āha dhyāneti dvābhyām | kecid bhaktā dhyānena bhagavac-cintanenaiva | bhaktyā mām abhijānāti [Gītā 18.55] ity agrimokter ātmani mansy ātmanā svayam eva na tv anyena kenāpy upakārekeṇety arthaḥ | anye jñāninaḥ sāṅkhyam ātmānātma-vivekas tena | apare yogino yogenāṣṭāṅgena karma-yogena niṣkāma-karmaṇā ca | atra sāṅkhyāṣṭāṅga-yoga-niṣkāma-karma-yogāḥ paramātma-darśane parasparayaiva hetavo na tu sākṣād dhetavas teṣāṃ sāttvikatvāt paramātmanas tu guṇātītatvāt | kiṃ ca jñānaṃ ca mayi sannyaset [BhP 11.19.1] iti bhagavad-ukter jñānādi-sannyāsānantaram eva bhaktyāham ekayā grāhyaḥ [BhP 11.14.11] ity ukter jñānaṃ vimucya tayā bhaktyaiva
paśyanti

baladevaḥ : maheśvarasya prāptau sādhana-vikalpān āha dhyāneneti dvābhyām | kecid viśuddha-cittā ātmani manasi sthitam ātmānaṃ maheśvaraṃ māṃ dhyānenopasarjanī-bhūta-jñānena paśyanti sākṣāt kurvanty ātmanā svayam eva, na tv anyenopakārakeṇa | anye sāṅkhyenopasarjanī-bhūta-dhyānena jñānena paśyanti | anya-yogenopasarjanī-bhūta-jñānenāṣṭāṅgena paśyanti | apare tu karma-yogenāntargata-dhyāna-jñānena niṣkāmeṇa karmaṇā

BhG 13.25
anye tv evam ajānantaḥ śrutvānyebhya upāsate |
te 'pi cātitaranty eva mṛtyuṃ śruti-parāyaṇāḥ

śrīdharaḥ : ati-mandādhikāriṇāṃ nistāropāyam āha anya iti | anye tu sāṅkhya-yogādi-mārgeṇa evambhūtam upadraṣṭṛtvādi-lakṣaṇam ātmānam sākṣātkartum ajānanto 'nyebhya ācāryebhya upadeśataḥ śrutvā upāsante dhyāyanti | te 'pi ca śraddhayopadeśa-śravaṇa-parāyaṇāḥ santo mṛtyuṃ saṃsāraṃ śanair atitaranty eva

madhusūdanaḥ : mandatarāṇāṃ jñāna-sādhanam āha anya iti | anye tu mandatarāḥ | tu-śabdaḥ pūrva-ślokokta-trividhādhikāri-vailakṣaṇya-dyotanārthaḥ | eṣūpāyeṣv anyatareṇāpy evaṃ yathoktam ātmānam ajānanto 'nyebhyaḥ kāruṇikebhya ācāryebhyaḥ śrutvā "idam eva cintayata" ity uktā upāsate śraddadhānāḥ santaś cintayanti | te 'pi cātitaranty eva mṛtyum saṃsāram śruti-parāyaṇāḥ svayaṃ vicārāsamarthā api śraddadhānatayā gurūpadeśa-śravaṇa-mātra-parāyaṇāḥ | te 'pīty api-śabdādye svayaṃ vicāra-samarthās te mṛtyum atitarantīti kim u vaktavyam ity abhiprāyaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : anye itas tataḥ kathā-śrotāraḥ

baladevaḥ : anye tv evam īdṛśānupāyān ajānantaḥ śruti-parāyaṇās tat-tat-kathā-śravaṇādi-niṣṭhāḥ sāmpratikā anyebhyas tad-vaktṛbhyas tān upāyān śrutvā taṃ maheśvaram upāsate | te 'pi cāt ta-saṅginaś ca krameṇa tān upalabhyānuṣṭhāya ca mṛtyum atitaranty eveti tat-kathā-śruti-mahimātiśayo darśitaḥ

BhG 13.26
yāvat saṃjāyate kiṃcit sattvaṃ sthāvara-jaṅgamam |
kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogāt tad viddhi bharatarṣabha

śrīdharaḥ : atha karma-yogasya tṛtīya-caturtha-pañcameṣu prapañcitatvād dhyāna-yogasya ca ṣaṣṭhāṣṭhamayoḥ prapañcitatvād dhyānādeś ca sāṅkhya-viviktātma-viṣayatvāt sāṅkhyam eva prapañcayann āha yāvad ity ādi yāvad adhyāyāntam | yāvat kiñcit vastu-mātraṃ sattvam utpadyate tat sarvaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor yogād aviveka-kṛta-tādātmyādhyāsād bhavatīti jānīhi

madhusūdanaḥ : saṃsārasyāvidyakatvād vidyayā mokṣa upapadyata ity etasyārthasyāvadhāraṇāya saṃsāra-tan-nivartaka-jñānayoḥ prapañcaḥ kriyate yāvad adhyāya-samāpti | tatra kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅgo 'sya sad-asad-yoni-janmasv [Gītā 13.21] ity etat prāg uktaṃ vivṛṇoti yāvad iti | yāvat kim api sattvaṃ vastu saṃjāyate sthāvaraṃ jaṅgamaṃ vā tat sarvaṃ kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogād avidyā-tat-kāryātmakaṃ jaḍam anirvacanīyaṃ sad-asattvaṃ dṛśya-jātaṃ kṣetraṃ tad-vilakṣaṇaṃ tad-bhāsakaṃ sva-prakāśa-paramārtha-sac-caitanyam asaṅgodāsīnaṃ nirdharmakam
advitīyaṃ kṣetrajñaṃ tayoḥ saṃyogo māyā-vaśā itaretarāviveka-nimitto mithyā-tādātmyādhyāsaḥ satyānṛta-mithunīkaraṇātmakaḥ | tasmād eva saṃjāyate tat sarvaṃ kārya-jātam iti viddhi he bharatarṣabha | ataḥ svarūpājñāna-nibandhanaḥ saṃsāraḥ svarūpa-jñānād vinaṃṣṭum arhati svapnādivad ity abhiprāyaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : uktam evārthaṃ prapañcayati yāvad adhyāya-samāpti | yāvad iti yat-pramāṇakaṃ nikṛṣṭam utkṛṣṭaṃ vā | sattvaṃ prāṇi-mātram

baladevaḥ : athānādi-saṃyuktayoḥ prakṛti-jīvayor yogānusandhānāya tayoḥ saṃyogena sṛṣṭiṃ tāvad āha yāvad iti | sthāvara-jaṅgamaṃ kiñcit sattvaṃ prāṇi-jātaṃ yāvad yat-pramāṇakam utkṛṣṭam apakṛṣṭaṃ ca sañjāyate tat kṣetra-kṣetrajña-saṃyogād viddhi | kṣetreṇa prakṛtyā saha kṣetrajñayoḥ sambandhāj jānīhīty arthaḥ | īśvaraḥ prakṛti-jīvau niyamayan pravartayati, tau tu mithaḥ sambadhnīta | tato dehotpatti-dvārā prāṇi-sṛṣṭir ity arthaḥ

BhG 13.27
samaṃ sarveṣu bhūteṣu tiṣṭhantaṃ parameśvaram |
vinaśyatsv avinaśyantaṃ yaḥ paśyati sa paśyati

śrīdharaḥ : aviveka-kṛtaṃ saṃsārodbhavam uktvā tan-nivṛttaye vivktātma-viṣayaṃ samyag-darśanam āha samam iti | sthāvara-jaṅgamātmakeṣu bhūteṣu nirviśeṣaṃ sad-rūpeṇa samaṃ yathā bhavaty evaṃ tiṣṭhantaṃ paramātmānaṃ yaḥ paśyati ataeva teṣu vinaśyatsv api avinaśyantaṃ yaḥ paśyati sa eva samyak paśyati

madhusūdanaḥ : evaṃ saṃsāram avidyātmakam uktvā tan nivartaka-vidyā-kathanāya ya evaṃ vetti puruṣam iti prāg uktaṃ vivṛṇoti samam iti | sarveṣu bhūteṣu bhavana-dharmakeṣu sthāvara-jaṅgamātmakeṣu prāṇiṣu aneka-vidha-janmādi-pariṇāma-śīlatayā guṇa-pradhāna-bhāvāpattyā ca viṣameṣu ataeva cañcaleṣu pratikṣaṇa-pariṇāmino hi bhāvā nāpariṇamya kṣaṇam api sthātum īśate | ata eva paraspara-bādhya-bādhaka-bhāvāpanneṣu evam api vinaśyatsu dṛṣṭa-naṣṭa-svabhāveṣu māyā-gandharva-nagarādi-prāyeṣu samaṃ sarvatraika-rūpaṃ pratideham ekaṃ janmādi-pariṇāma-śūnyatayā
ca tiṣṭhantam apariṇamamānaṃ parameśvaraṃ sarva-jaḍa-varga-sattā-sphūrti-pradatvena bādhya-bādhaka-bhāva-śūnyaṃ sarvadopānāskanditam avinaśyantaṃ dṛṣṭa-naṣṭa-prāya-sarva-dvaita-bādhe 'py abādhitam | evaṃ sarva-prakāreṇa jaḍa-prapañca-vilakṣaṇam ātmānaṃ vivekena yaḥ śāstra-cakṣuṣā paśyati sa eva paśyaty ātmānaṃ jāgrad-bodhena svapna-bhramaṃ bādhamāna iva |
ajñas tu svapna-darśīva bhrāntyā viparītaṃ paśyan na paśyaty eva | adarśanātmakatvād bhramasya | na hi rajjuṃ sarpatayā paśyan paśyatīti vyapadiśyate | rajjv-adarśanātmakatvāt sarpa-darśanasya | evam-bhūtāny ānuparakta-śuddhātma-darśanāt tad-darśarnātmikāyā avidyāyā nivṛttis tatas tat-kārya-saṃsāra-nivṛttir ity abhiprāyaḥ | atrātmānam iti viśeṣya-lābho viśeṣaṇa-maryādayā | parameśvaram ity eva vā viśeṣya-padam | viṣamatva-cañcalatva-bādhya-bādhaka-rūpatva-lakṣaṇaṃ jaḍa-gataṃ vaidharmyaṃ samatva-tiṣṭhattva-parameśvaratva-rūpātma-viśeṣaṇa-vaśād arthāt prāptam anyat kaṇṭhoktam iti vivekaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : paramātmānaṃ tv evaṃ jānīyād ity āha samam iti | vinaśyatsv api deheṣu yaḥ paśyati, sa eva jñānīty arthaḥ

baladevaḥ : atha prakṛtau tat-saṃyukteṣu ca jīveṣu sthitam apīśvaraṃ tebhyo viviktaṃ paśyed ity āha samam iti | yas tv atattvavit prasaṅgī sarveṣu sthāvara-jaṅgama-dehavatsu bhūteṣu jīveṣu samam ekarasaṃ yathā syāt tathā tiṣṭhantaṃ parameśvaraṃ vinaśyatsu tat-tad-deha-vimardena vināśaṃ gacchatsu teṣv avinaśyantaṃ tad-vaikṣaṇaṃ paśyati sa eva paśyati tad-yāthātmya-darśī bhavati | tathā ca vaividhya-vināśa-dharmibhyaḥ prakṛti-saṃyogibhyo jīvebhya aikarasyāvināśa-dharmā pareśo vivikta iti

BhG 13.28
samaṃ paśyan hi sarvatra samavasthitam īśvaram |
na hinasty ātmanātmānaṃ tato yāti parāṃ gatim

śrīdharaḥ : kuta iti | ata āha samam iti | sarvatra bhūtamātre samaṃ samyag apracyuta-svarūpeṇāvasthitaṃ paramātmānaṃ paśyan | hi yasmād ātmanā svenaivātmānaṃ na hinasti | avidyayā sac-cid-ānanda-rūpam ātmānaṃ tiraskṛtya na vināśayati | tataś ca parāṃ gatiṃ mokṣaṃ prāpnoti | yat tv evaṃ na paśyati sa hi dehātma-darśī dehena sahātmānaṃ hinasti | tathā ca śrutiḥ -
asūryā nāma te lokā andhena tamasāvṛtāḥ |
tāṃs te pretyābhigacchanti ye ke cātma-hano janāḥ || [ĪśaU 3] iti ||28|
madhusūdanaḥ : tad etad ātma-darśanaṃ phalena stauti rucy-utpattaye samam iti | samavasthitaṃ janmādi-vināśānta-bhāva-vikāra-śūnyatayā samyaktayāvasthita-vināśitva-lābhaḥ | anyat prāg vyākhyātam | evaṃ pūrvokta-viśeṣaṇam ātmānaṃ paśyann ayam aham asmīti śāstra-dṛṣṭyā sākṣātkurvan na hinasty ātmanātmānam | sarvo hy ajñaḥ paramārtha-santam ekam akartr-abhoktṛ-paramānanda-rūpam ātmānam avidyayā sati bhāty api vastuni nāsti na bhātīti pratīti-janana-samarthayā svayam eva tiraskurvann asantam iva karotīti hinasty eva tam | tathāvidyayātmatvena paritgṛhītaṃ dehendriya-saṃghātam ātmānaṃ purātanaṃ hatvā navam ādatte karma-vaśād iti hinasty eva tam | ata ubhayathāpy ātmahaiva sarvo 'py
ajñaḥ | yam adhikṛtyeyaṃ śakuntalā-vacana-rūpā smṛtiḥ -
kiṃ tena na kṛtaṃ pāpaṃ coreṇātmāpahāriṇā |
yo 'nyathā santam ātmānam anyathā pratipadyate || iti |
śrutiś ca -
asūryā nāma te lokā andhena tamasāvṛtāḥ |
tāṃs te pretyābhigacchanti ye ke cātma-hano janāḥ || [ĪśaU 3] iti
asūryā asurasya sva-bhūtā āsuryā saṃpadā bhogyā ity arthaḥ | ātma-hana ity anātmany ātmābhimānina ity arthaḥ | ato ya ātmajñaḥ so 'nātmany ātmābhimānaṃ śuddhātma-darśanena bādhate | ataḥ svarūpa-lābhāc ca hinasty ātmanātmānaṃ tato yāti parāṃ gatim | tata ātma-hananābhāvād avidyā-tat-kārya-nivṛtti-lakṣaṇāṃ muktim adhigacchatīty arthaḥ ||28|
viśvanāthaḥ : ātmanā manasā kupatha-gāminā ātmānaṃ jīvaṃ na hinasti nādhaḥ-pātayati

baladevaḥ : athokta-viṣayā tebhyo viviktam īśvaraṃ paśyan tad-darśana-mahimnā ca prakṛti-vikārebhyaḥ sva-vivekaṃ ca labhata ity āśayenāha samaṃ paśyan hīti | sarvatra bhūteṣu samaṃ yathā bhavaty evaṃ samyag-apracyuta-svarūpa-guṇatayāvasthitam īśvaraṃ paśyann ātmānaṃ svam ātmanā prakṛti-vikāra-viveka-grāhiṇā viṣaya-rasa-gṛdhnunā manasā na hinasti nādhaḥpātayati, sa tad-rasa-viraktena tena parām utkṛṣṭāṃ gatiṃ tad-vikārebhyaḥ svaiveka-khyātiṃ yāti

BhG 13.29
prakṛtyaiva ca karmāṇi kriyamāṇāni sarvaśaḥ |
yaḥ paśyati tathātmānam akartāraṃ sa paśyati

śrīdharaḥ : nanu śubhāśubha-karma-kartṛtvena vaiṣamye dṛśyamāne katham ātmanaḥ samatvam ity āśaṅkyāha prakṛtyaiveti | prakṛtyaiva dehendriyākāreṇa pariṇatayā | sarvaśaḥ prakāraiḥ | kriyamāṇāni karmāṇi yaḥ paśyati | tathātmānaṃ cākartāraṃ dehābhimānenaiva ātmanaḥ kartṛtvaṃ na svataḥ | ity evaṃ yaḥ paśyati sa eva samyak paśyati | nānya ity arthaḥ |
madhusūdanaḥ : nanu śubhāśubha-karma-kartāraḥ pratidehaṃ bhinnā ātmano viṣamāś ca tat-tad-vicitra-phala-bhoktṛtveneti kathaṃ sarva-bhūta-stham ekam ātmānaṃ samaṃ paśyan na hinasty ātmanātmānam ity uktam ata āha prakṛtyaiveti | karmāṇi vāṅ-manaḥ-kāyārabhyāṇi sarvaśaḥ sarvaiḥ prakāraiḥ prakṛtyaiva dehendriya-saṅghātākāra-pariṇatayā sarva-vikāra-kāraṇa-bhūtayā triguṇātmikayā bhagavan-māyayaiva kriyamāṇāni na tu puruṣeṇa sarva-vikāra-śūnyena yo vivekī paśyati, evaṃ kṣetreṇa kriyamāṇeṣv api karmasu ātmānaṃ kṣetrajñam akartāraṃ sarvopādhi-vivarjitam asaṅgam ekaṃ sarvatra samaṃ yaḥ
paśyati, tathā-śabdaḥ paśyatīti-kriyā-karṣaṇārthaḥ, sa paśyati sa paramārtha-darśīti pūrvavat | sa-vikārasya kṣetrasya tat-tad-vicitra-karma-kartṛtvena prati-dehaṃ bhede 'pi vaiṣamye 'pi na nirviśeṣasyākartur ākāśasyeva na bhede pramāṇaṃ kiṃcid ātmana ity upapāditaṃ prāk

viśvanāthaḥ : prakṛtyaiva dehendriyādyākāreṇa pariṇatayā sarvaśaḥ sarvāṇy ātmānaṃ jīvaṃ dehābhimānenaiva ātmanaḥ kartṛtvam, na tu svataḥ | ity evaṃ yaḥ paśyatīty arthaḥ

baladevaḥ : prakṛteḥ sva-vivekaṃ kathaṃ yātīty apekṣāyāṃ tatra prakāram āha - prakṛtyaiveti dvābhyām | yaḥ sarvāṇi karmāṇi prakṛtyaiva cān mad-adhiṣṭhitayeśvara-preritayā kriyamāṇāni paśyati, tathātmānaṃ teṣāṃ karmaṇām akartāraṃ paśyati, sa eva paśyati sva-yāthāṭmya-darśī bhavati | ayam arthaḥ na khalu vijñānānanda-svabhāvo 'haṃ yuddha-yajñādīni duḥkha-mayāni karmāṇi karomi, kintv anādibhogavāsanenāvivekinā mayādhiṣṭhitā mad-bhoga-siddhaye mad-dehādi-dvārā tāni karotīti tad-dhetukatvāt saiva tat-kartṛīti karam-kāriṇyāḥ prakṛtes tad-akartā śuddho jīvo viviktaḥ | śuddhasyāpi kartṛtvaṃ tu paśyatīty anena vyaktam
iti ||
BhG 13.30
yadā bhūta-pṛthag-bhāvam ekastham anupaśyati |
tata eva ca vistāraṃ brahma saṃpadyate tadā

śrīdharaḥ : idānīṃ tu bhūtānām api prakṛtis tāvan-mātratvenābhedād bhūta-bheda-kṛtam apy ātmano bhedam apaśyan brahmatvam upaitīty āha yadeti | yadā bhūtānāṃ sthāvara-jaṅgamānāṃ pṛthag-bhāvaṃ bhedaṃ pṛthaktvam ekastham ekasyām eveśra-śakti-rūpāyāṃ prakṛtau pralaye sthitam anupaśyati ālocayati | ataeva tasyā eva prakṛteḥ sakāśād bhūtānāṃ vistāraṃ sṛṣṭi-samaye 'nupaśyati | tadā prakṛti-tāvan-mātratvena bhūtānām apy abhedaṃ paśyan paripūrṇaṃ brahma sampadyate | brahmaiva bhavatīty arthaḥ

madhusūdanaḥ : tad evam āpātataḥ kṣetra-bheda-darśanam anabhyanujñāya kṣetra-bheda-darśanam apākṛtam idānīṃ tu kṣetra-bheda-darśanam api māyikatvenāpākaroti yadeti | yadā yasmin kāle bhūtānāṃ sthāvara-jaṅgamānāṃ sarveṣām api jaḍa-vargāṇāṃ pṛthag-bhāvaṃ pṛthaktvam paraspara-bhinnatvam eka-stham ekasminn evātmani sad-rūpe sthitaṃ kalpitaṃ kalpitasyādhiṣṭhānād anatirekāt sad-rūpātma-svarūpād anatiriktam anupaśyati śāstrācāryopadeśam anu svayam ālocayati ātmaivedaṃ sarvam [ChāU 7.25.2] iti | evam api māyāv-vaśāt tata ekasmād ātmana eva vistāraṃ bhūtānāṃ pṛthag-bhāvaṃ ca svapna-māyāvad anupaśyati brahma saṃpadyate
tadā sajātīya-vijātīya-bheda-darśanābhāvād brahmaiva sarvānartha-śūnyaṃ bhavati tasmin kāle |
yasmin sarvāṇi bhūtāni ātmaivābhūd vijānataḥ |
tatra ko mohaḥ kaḥ śoka ekatvam anupaśyataḥ || [ĪśaU 7] iti śruteḥ |
prakṛtyaiva cety atrātma-bhedo nirākṛtaḥ | yadā bhūta-pṛthag-bhāvam ity atra tv anātma-bhedo 'pīti viśeṣaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : yadā bhūtānāṃ sthāvara-jaṅgamānāṃ pṛthag-bhāvaṃ tat-tad-ākāra-gataṃ pārthakyam ekastham ekasyāṃ prakṛtāv eva sthitaṃ pralaya-kāle anupaśyaty ālocayati | tataḥ prakṛteḥ sakāśād eva bhūtānāṃ vistāraṃ sṛṣṭi-samaye 'nupaśyati tadā brahma sampadyate brahmaiva bhavatīty arthaḥ

baladevaḥ : yadeti | ayaṃ jīvo yadā bhūtānāṃ deva-mānavādīnāṃ pṛthag-bhāvaṃ tat-tad-ākāra-gataṃ devatva-mānavatva-dīrghatva-hrasvatvādi-rūpa-pārthakyam ekasthaṃ prakṛti-gatam eva pralaye 'nupaśyati tataḥ prakṛtita eva sarge teṣāṃ devatvādīnāṃ vistāraṃ ca paśyati, na tv ātmasthaṃ tat pṛthag-bhāvaṃ na cāṭmanas tad-vistāraṃ ca paśyati | sva-prakṛti-viviktātma-darśī | tadā tad brahma sampadyate tad-viviktam abhivyaktāpahata-pāpmatvādi-bṛhad-guṇāṣṭakam svam anubhavatīty arthaḥ

BhG 13.31
anāditvān nirguṇatvāt paramātmāyam avyayaḥ |
śarīra-stho 'pi kaunteya na karoti na lipyate

śrīdharaḥ : tathāpi parameśvarasya saṃsārāvasthāyāṃ deha-sambandha-nimittaiḥ karmabhis tat-phalaiś ca sukha-duḥkhādibhir vaiṣamyaṃ duṣpariharam iti kutaḥ sama-darśanaṃ | tatrāha anāditvād iti | yad utpattimat tad eva hi vyeti vināśam eti | yac ca guṇavad vastu tasya hi guṇa-nāśe vyayo bhavati | ayaṃ tu paramātmā anādi nirguṇaś ca | ato 'vyayo 'vikārīty arthaḥ | tasmāt śarīre sthito 'pi na kiñcit karoti | na ca karma-phalair lipyate

madhusūdanaḥ : ātmanaḥ svato 'kartṛtve 'pi śarīra-sambandhopādhikaṃ kartṛtvaṃ syād ity āśaṅkām apanudan yaḥ paśyati tathātmānam akartāraṃ sa paśyatīty etad vivṛṇoti anādirvād iti | ayam aparokṣaḥ paramātmā parameśvarābhinnaḥ pratyag-ātmāvyayo na vyetīty avyayaḥ sarva-vikāra-śūnya ity arthaḥ | tatra vyayo dvedhā dharmi-svarūpasyaivotpattimattayā vā dharmi-svarūpasyānutpādyatve 'pi dharmāṇām evotpatty-ādimattayā vā | tatrādyam apākaroti anāditvād iti | ādiḥ prāg asattvāvasthā | sā ca nāsti sarvadā sata ātmanaḥ | atas tasya kāraṇābhāvāj janmābhāvaḥ | na hy anāder janma sambhavati | tad-abhāve ca tad-uttara-bhāvino bhāva-vikārā na sambhavanty eva | ato na svarūpeṇa vyetīty arthaḥ
|
dvitīyaṃ nirākaroti nirguṇatvād iti | nirdharmakatvād ity arthaḥ | na hi dharmiṇam avikṛtya kaścid dharma upaity apaiti vā dharma-dharmiṇos tādātmyād ayaṃ tu nirdharmako 'to na dharma-dvārāpi vyetīty arthaḥ | avināśī vā are 'yam ātmānucchitti-dharmā [BAU 4.5.14] iti śruteḥ | yasmād eṣa jāyate 'sti vardhate vipariṇamate 'pakṣīyate vinaśyatīty evaṃ ṣaḍ-bhāva-vikāra-śūnya ādhyāsikena sambandhena śarīra-stho 'pi tasmin kurvaty ayam ātmā na karoti | yathādhyāsikena sambandhena jala-sthaḥ savitā tasmiṃś calaty api na calaty eva tadvat | yato na lipyate na tv ayam akartṛtvād ity arthaḥ | icchā dveṣaḥ sukhaṃ duḥkham ity ādīnāṃ kṣetra-dharmatva-kathanāt
| prakṛtyaiva ca karmāṇi kriyamāṇānīti māyā-kāryatva-vyapadeśāc ca | ataeva paramārtha-darśināṃ sarva-karmādhikāra-nivṛttir iti prāg-vyākhyātam | etenātmano nirdharmakatva-kathanāt svagata-bhedo 'pi nirastaḥ | prakṛtyaiva ca karmāṇi [Gītā 13.29] ity atra sajātīya-bhedo nivāritaḥ | yadā bhūta-pṛthag-bhāvam [Gītā 13.30] ity atra vijātīya-bhedaḥ | anāditvān nirguṇatvād [Gītā 13.31] ity atra svagato bheda ity advitīyaṃ brahmaivātmeti siddham

viśvanāthaḥ : nanu kāraṇaṃ guṇa-saṅgo 'sya sad-asad-yoni-janmasu ity uktam | tatra deha-gatatvena tulyatve 'pi jīvātmaiva guṇa-liptaḥ saṃsarati na tu paramātmeti | kuta ity ata āha anāditvād iti | na vidyate ādiḥ kāraṇaṃ yataḥ sa anādiḥ | yathā pañcamy-anta-padārthenānuttama-śabdena paramottama ucyate tathaiva anādi-śabdena parama-kāraṇam ucyate | tataś cānāditvāt parama-kāraṇatvāt nirguṇatvān nirgatā guṇaḥ sṛṣṭyādayo yatas tasya bhāvas tattvaṃ tasmāc ca jīvātmano vilakṣaṇo 'yaṃ paramātmā | avyayaḥ sarvadaiva sarvathaiva svīya-jñānānandādi-vyaya-rahitaḥ | śarīra-stho 'pi tad-dharmāgrahaṇāt na karoti jīvavat na kartā, na bhoktā bhavati, na ca lipyate śarīra-guṇa-liptaś ca na bhavati

baladevaḥ : nanu pareśam ātmānaṃ ca viviktaṃ paśyati kṛtārtho bhavatīty uktir ayuktā etebhya eva bhūtebhyaḥ samutthāya tāny evānu vinaśyati na prety asaṃjñāsti iti jīvasya dehena sahotpatti-vināśa-śravaṇād iti cet tatrāha anāditvād iti | ayam ātmā jīvaḥ śarīrastho 'py anāditvāt param-avyayo 'vyayatva-pradhāna-dharmatvād vināśa-śūnyo nirguṇatvād viśuddha-jñānānandatvān na yuddha-yajñādi-karma karoti | ataḥ śarīrendriya-svabhāvenotpatti-vināśa-lakṣaṇena na lipyate | śruty-arthas tv aupacārikatayā neyaḥ

BhG 13.32
yathā sarva-gataṃ saukṣmyād ākāśaṃ nopalipyate |
sarvatrāvasthito dehe tathātmā nopalipyate

śrīdharaḥ : tatra hetuṃ sa-dṛṣṭāntam āha yatheti | yathā sarva-gataṃ paṅkādiṣv api sthitam ākāśaṃ saukṣmyād asaṅgatvāt paṅkādibhir nopalipyate tathā sarvatra uttame madhyame adhame vā dehe 'vasthito 'pi ātmā nopalipyate

madhusūdanaḥ : śarīra-stho 'pi tat-karmaṇā na lipyate svayam asaṅgatvād ity atra dṛṣṭāntam āha yatheti | saukṣmyād asaṅga-svabhāvatvād ākāśaṃ sarva-gatam api nopalipyate paṅkādibhir yatheti dṛṣṭāntārthaḥ | spaṣṭam itarat

viśvanāthaḥ : atha dṛṣṭāntam āha yathā sarvatra paṅkādiṣv api sthitam apy ākāśaṃ saukṣmyād asaṅgatvāt paṅkādibhir na lipyate, tathaiva paramātmā daihikair guṇair doṣaiś ca na yujyata ity arthaḥ

baladevaḥ : nanu śarīre sthitas tad-dharmaiḥ kuto na lipyate ity atrāha yatheti | yathā sarvatra paṅkādau gataṃ praviṣṭam apy ākāśaṃ saukṣmyāt tat-tad-dharmair na lipyate, tathātmā jīvaḥ sarvatra deva-mānavādāv uccāvace dehe sthito 'pi tad-dharmair na lipyate saukṣmyād eva

BhG 13.33
yathā prakāśayaty ekaḥ kṛtsnaṃ lokam imaṃ raviḥ |
kṣetraṃ kṣetrī tathā kṛtsnaṃ prakāśayati bhārata

śrīdharaḥ : asaṅgatvāl lepo nāstīty ākāśa-dṛṣṭāntena darśitam | prakāśakatvāc ca prakāśya-dharmair na yujyata iti ravi-dṛṣṭāntenāha yathā prakāśayatīti | spaṣṭo 'rthaḥ ||
madhusūdanaḥ : na kevalam asaṅga-svabhāvād ātmā nopalipyate prakāśakatvād api parkāśya-dharmair na lipyate iti sa-dṛṣṭāntam āha yatheti | yathā ravir eka eva kṛtsnaṃ sarvam imaṃ lokaṃ dehendriya-saṃghātaṃ rūpavad vastu-mātram iti yāvat prakāśayati na ca prakāśya-dharmair lipyate na vā prakāśya-bhedād bhidyate tathā kṣetrī kṣetrajña eka eva kṛtsnaṃ kṣetraṃ prakāśayati | he bhārata ! ataeva na prakāśya-dharmair lipyate na vā prakāśya-bhedād bhidyata ity arthaḥ |
sūryo yathā sarva-lokasya cakṣuḥ
na lipyate cākṣuṣair bāhya-doṣaiḥ |
ekas tathā sarva-bhūtāntarātmā
na lipyate loka-duḥkhena bāhyaḥ || iti [KaṭhU 2.2.11] śruteḥ ||
viśvanāthaḥ : prakāśakatvāt prakāśya-dharmair na yujyata iti sa-dṛṣṭāntam āha yatheti | ravir yathā prakāśakaḥ prakāśya-dharmair na yujyate, tathā kṣetrī paramātmā |
sūryo yathā sarva-lokasya cakṣur
na lipyate cākṣuṣair bāhya-doṣaiḥ |
ekas tathā sarva-bhūtāntarātmā
na lipyate śoka-duḥkhena bāhyaḥ || iti [KaṭhU 2.2.11] śruteḥ ||
baladevaḥ : deha-dharmeṇālipta evātmā sva-dharmeṇa dehaṃ puṣṇātīty āha yatheti | yathaiko ravir imaṃ kṛtsnaṃ lokaṃ prakāśayati prabhayā tathaikaḥ kṣetrī jīvaḥ kṛtsnam āpāda-mastakam idaṃ kṣetraṃ dehaṃ prakāśayati cetayati cetanayety evam āha guṇād vā lokavad [Vs 2.3.26] iti ||
BhG 13.34
kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor evam antaraṃ jñāna-cakṣuṣā |
bhūta-prakṛti-mokṣaṃ ca ye vidur yānti te param

śrīdharaḥ : adhyāyārtham upasaṃharati kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor iti | evam ukta-prakāreṇa kṣetra-ksetrajñayor antaraṃ bhedaṃ viveka-jñāna-lakṣaṇena cakṣuṣā ye viduḥ tathā xexam uktā bhūtānāṃ prakṛtis tasyāḥ sakāśān mokṣaṃ mokṣopāyaṃ dhyānādikaṃ ca ye viduḥ te paraṃ padaṃ yānti

viviktau yena tattvena miśrau prakṛti-puruṣau |
taṃ vande paramānandaṃ nanda-nandanam īśvaram ||
iti śrī-śrīdhara-svāmi-kṛtāyāṃ bhagavad-gītā-ṭīkāyāṃ subodhinyāṃ
prakṛti-puruṣa-viveka-yogo nāma trayodaśo 'dhyāyaḥ

madhusūdanaḥ : idānīm adhyāyārthaṃ saphalam upasaṃharati kṣetreti | kṣetra-kṣetrajñayor prāg-vyākhyātayor evam uktena prakāreṇāntaram paraspara-vailakṣaṇyaṃ jāḍya-caitanya-vikāritva-nirvikāritvādi-rūpaṃ jñāna-cakṣuṣā śāstrācāryopadeśa-janitātma-jñāna-rūpeṇa cakṣuṣā ye vidur bhūta-prakṛti-mokṣaṃ ca bhūtānāṃ sarveṣāṃ prakṛtir avidyā māyākhyā tasyāḥ paramārthātma-vidyayā mokṣam abhāva-gamanaṃ ca ye vidur jānanti yānti te paraṃ paramārthātma-vastu-svarūpaṃ kaivalyaṃ, na punar dehaṃ ādadata ity arthaḥ | tad evam
amānitvādi-sādhana-niṣṭhasya kṣetra-kṣetrajña-viveka-vijñānavataḥ sarvānartha-nivṛttyā parama-puruṣārtha-siddhir iti siddham

iti śrīmat-paramahaṃsa-parivrājakācārya-śrī-viśveśvara-sarasvatī-pāda-śiṣya-śrī-madhusūdana-sarasvatī-viracitāyāṃ śrīmad-bhagavad-gītā-gūḍhārtha-dīpikāyām kṣetra-kṣetrajña-viveko nāma trayodaśo 'dhyāyaḥ

viśvanāthaḥ : adhyāyam upasaṃharati kṣetreṇa saha kṣetrajñayor jīvātma-paramātmanor antaraṃ bhedaṃ tathā bhūtānāṃ prāṇināṃ prakṛteḥ sakāśān mokṣaṃ mokṣopāyaṃ dhyānādikaṃ ca ye vidus te paraṃ padaṃ yānti

dvayoḥ kṣetrajñayor madhye jīvātmā kṣetra-dharma-bhāk |
badhyate mucyate jñānād ity adhyāyārtha īritaḥ ||
iti sārārtha-varṣiṇyāṃ harṣiṇyāṃ bhakta-cetasām |
trayodaśo 'yaṃ gītāsu saṅgataḥ saṅgataḥ satām ||

baladevaḥ : adhyāyārtham upasaṃharan taj-jñāna-phalam āha kṣetreti | kṣetreṇa sahitayoḥ kṣetrajñayor jīveśayor evaṃ mad-ukti-vidhayāntaraṃ bhedaṃ jñāna-cakṣuṣā vaidharmya-viṣayaka-prajñā-netreṇa ye vidus tathābhūtānāṃ prakṛteḥ sakāśān mokṣaṃ ca tat-sādhanam amānitvādikaṃ ye vidus te prakṛteḥ paraṃ sarvotkṛṣṭaṃ para-vyomākhyaṃ mat-padaṃ yāntīti

jīveśau deha-madhyasthau tatrādyo deha-dharma-yuk |
badhyate mucyate bodhād iti jñānaṃ trayodaśāt ||
iti śrīmad-bhagavad-gītopaniṣad-bhāṣye trayodaśo 'dhyāyaḥ